US1641887A - Removable denture - Google Patents

Description

p 7' .1. GOLDFARB REMOVABLE DENTURE Filed Jan. 6, 1925 AMI/11111111 'IIIIIII/ INVENTOR 70005 'ahflar 31 BY T M ATTORNEY theoppositeside faces of said saddle having .ment.

Patented S ept. 6,1927.

lJN T gins JACOB GOLDFARB, or BROOKLYN, new YORK.

RE OVABLE'DENTU E.

p 7 Application filed "January 6, 1925. 7 Serial No; 770.

This-invention relates to removable dentures vand has for its primary object and purpose to provide simple and effective means for securely holding the denture in place between the natural teeth, and yet permitting of its easy .and quick removal so that all parts thereof can be easily cleaned. i a

Thelinvention comprises .metal plates cast toconform with the surfaces of the natural teeth with which .sai-dplates are adapted to be engaged and covering the inwardly sloping or undercut opposed faces of the spaced natural teeth, and also extendingin whole or in part over other faces thereof to hold the same thereto. Between these plates a -.saddle member inwhich the artificial tooth is securely fixed is adapted to be inserted,

a coacting action with the surfaces of [said plates. 1

-' It isalso an additional object of themvention to provide a bridgeconnect-ion between the cast metal abutment plates.

With the above and otherobjects in View, the invention consistsin the improved removable denture, substantially incorporated in the subjoi'ned claims, embodiments of which will be in the form, construction and relative arrangement of its several parts as will be hereinafter more fully described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, which illustrate. only one of the many different forms in which my present improvements maybe exe1nplilied and wherein similar-reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 1s a vertical sectional view illustratmg a simple and practlcal embodiment of the invention showing the denture in Figure 8 is a .modified "form of attach- Fort-he purpose of showing one adaptaandspaced from each other owing to the removal of the tooth which was interposed therebetween. practice to'secure an artificial tooth in this space by means of a dental bridge. Such bridge -however, are more or less difficult to constructand when applied are perma- It has heretofore been the tion of the invention, I have illustrated in 'Figure 1 of the drawings, twonatural teeth 5 and 6 held in thegum 7 by their rootsnent so that the artificial tooth cannot be readily removed. Itis my: purpose to provide in lieu of such a dental bridge as heretofore employed, an easily and quickly applied or removable denture consisting of few parts of relatively simple construction,

as will more fully appear from the following description. p

I provideabutment plates 8 cast from gold, platinum or other non-corrodible acid It will be noted that the opposed facesofthenatural teeth 5 and 6 resisting metal.

longitudinally of the gum '7 slope inwardly from the'ends of, the teeth towards the gum as at '9. In other words, the tooth is of appreciably less {thickness at the surface of the gum ridge than at its end. Theabutment plates 8 are cast in. conformity with accurate lmpresslons whlch are first made of the contour of the respective teeth, by means of wax or other suitable material in the usual manner. It will be seen from reference to Figure 2 of the drawing that these abutment plates are of angular form in horizontal plan, having a part which entirely covers the sloping'or undercutsurface 9 of i the tooth, said part of the abutment plate gradually increasing in thickness from the end of the tooth to the gum ridge and exactly conforming to the shape of the tooth face 9 on one side thereof. At its opposite side theplate 8 has aflator plane surface 10. The otherangular portion 11 of the abutment plate extends over and substantially completely covers the inner side face or lingual part of the tooth, as shown in Figure 2, and at its end is tapered or attenuated in thickness as at 12 and extends over one of thetooth corners 21. The vertical edge of the portion of the abutment also attenuated or tapered in thickness, as at 13, and extends over the diagonallyopposite corner 23 of the tooth at the buccal face thereof. Each of these abutment plates on both angularly extending portions thereof has its longitudinal edge at the top or occlusal surface of the tooth laterally curved and gradually tapered in thickness to a line edge as at llfor engagement over said surface of the tooth, thereby preventing inward, that is, downward or upward movement, as the case may be, of the abutment plates and undue pressure of the same against thegum 7.

i From Figures 1 and 2 it wlll be seen that if the tooth indicated by 6 is furthest forward towards the front of the mouth and the center thereof, then its furthest forward surface is known in the practice of dentistry as the mesial surface, that the oppositely disposed surface of the same tooth is known as the distal surface. The part of the tooth facinp the tongue is known as the lingual surface and the oppositely disposed surface which faces the check is known as the bnccal surface. The uppermost surface of the crown is known as the ocelusal surface.

Taking; these definitions, well known in the art of dentistry, it will be seen that the improved plate has aportion 13 abutting against the buccal surface of thetooth 6, beginning at the buccal side of the corner 93*, and extends along the entire distal surface of the tooth (3, and then extends along the lingual surface of the tooth (S and there upon at theportion 12 contacts with the mesial surface of thetooth 6, as seen in Figures 2 and That portion of the abut-' ment plate which extends along the distal surface of the tooth G is shaped to conform with the configrurz'rtion 9 of thetooth 6, as is clearly seen in Figure 1. The configuration of the abutment plate, where it contacts with the tooth (i at 9 being in close lit with the configuration of the tooth itself. The free side of thisdistal portion of the abutment plate has a plane surface as at 10.

Looking now down upon the occlusal surface of the tooth G, as in Figure 2, it will be seen that the abutment plate has aportion 11 that begins at the buecal side of the occlusal surface of the tooth G, and this portion extends along the distal side of the oeclusal surface of the tooth (5, and also along the lingual side of the ocelusal surface of thetooth 6 until it terminates at the mesial side of the occlusal surface of thetooth 6. In Figure 3 is shown how theends 12 and. 13 embrace the diagional corners of thetooth 6. Those parts of the abutment on the occlusal surface are slightly rounded. as seen in Figure 2. In respect to the tooth considering only the sides of thetooth 5, as in Figure 2, the abutment plate begins at the buccal side of thetooth 5, at 13, at the l)ll('Cill side of the corner, extends along in close lit with the configuration of the tooth along the mesial. side thcrcol and thcn crtl nds along the lingual side of the tooth 53 until. it terminutes at the distal side oftooth 5, as shown by the charm-tor l2, beyond the corner 2i.

Looking, down upon the occlusal surface oftooth 5. as in Figure 2. a portion of the abutment plate extends from its beginning at the point .13 in the form of the portion ll, beginning at the buccal side of the occlusal surface beyond thecorner 21%, then along the mesial side of the occlusal surface, then along the lingual side of the occlusal surface and terminates at the distal side of the occlusal surface oftooth 3, at 12, beyond thecorner 21. In Figure 3 is sl'iown how theparts 12 and 13 embrace the tooth :3. Those parts of the abutment on the occlnsal surface arc slightly rounded, as seen in Fig:-ure 2.

It will therefore be seen that the configuration given to the almtmont plate onablcs a very close lit to be obtained where the abutment plates conform with the opposed surfaccs of the leetl h and ti, which in respect to tooth (S is the distal surface and in respect to thetooth 5 is the mcsial surface. The opposilrar side of the abutment plates, as just dcstrilaul, haveplane surfaces 10.

From the structures described, it will be seen that the abutment plates may be readily applied by a dentist and the spring-actingclips 12 and 13 by their own inherent resiliency snap into position. as shown. are held permanently in position in close fitting position in respect to the teeth to prevent the food from lralninp' therein.

The artilical tooth i5 is securedv within a saddle member it. As illustrated. this saddle member is of substantially ll-shapetl form and may also be produced from gold or other metal similar to theabutment plates 8. and is cast in a suitable mold. A central tapering pin 17 rises from the base of this saddle member for engagement through a similarly shaped oritirc it) centrally formed in the tooth l5. 'lhe inner surfaces of the saddle member and surfaces of the pin 17 are coated with a suitable cement so that the tooth if; is permanently and securely fixed in the saddle member. llloditication of this tooth holding means may be readily made. The outcr side faces of this saddle member have plane surfaces. as shown at 20. to coact w th the plane faces 10 of theabutment members 8. ll will thus be apparent that when the artilicial tooth and saddle member ltl are inserted between the abutment plates ti. the lattcr are held by the sliding" frictional management of the side faces 20 of the saddle member with the They 3 of I the abutment plates: 2 The tight slidinglfit' of i the [parallel surfaces prevents against thecurved portion 18 ofthe abut- "ment' plate, on. the occlusal surface thereof, asshown 111F igure 2. "The saddle hasalong the sides of the parallelsurfaces extending portions 19 embracing the sides J bf the abutment plate, as shown-in Figure 3.

j In another embodiment. Iprefe'rably connect the twoabutment plates 8 by means of a flexible bridge piece'25, asshown' in Figure I '7, and indotted lines inxFigure 2; also formed "from a: suitable metal and welded or otherwise permanently connected. at its endswi-th. the twoabutment plates. Accordingly, it will be seen that the entire device in reality consists of only two parts to beseparately handled. The flexible bridge connection 25' bet-ween theabutment plates permits the'iat-ter to be readily adjnsted and "spaced for engagementwith the-teeth 5-and '6 in accordance with 'the spacing of the latter, I I I I I I For purposes of greater security, I proride" oneor' more dowehpins 22which are adapted tobe removablyengaged 1n transversemating recesses 2% 'forn'ied' in the Z op- "posed contacting surfaces of thesaddle member 16 and theabutment members 8. Other securing devices may be provided.

By means'of theconstrucjtion above described, it will beunderstood-that when it is dcsiredto-remove the denture for the purpose of cleaning the several parts-thereof, it

is" only necessary to first remove thedowel pin 22, iff'the latter is'einployed, and then grasp; the saddle between the thumb and finger and apply the necessary outward pull solas to'release the holding engagement of thesaddle member 16 against theabutment plates 8. The latteifimay then be readily removed by grasping one of said abutment plates and'pulling the' same away from the tooth on which'it is engaged; in whichac- "tion the.bridge connection 25 will readily flex. if it islused, The other abutment plate will ofcourse then becomeeasilydisen gaged from'the other natural tooth! Thus the two parts of the denture 'c'an be thoroughly cleaned on all surfaces thereof. ,Owing to their very simple form, thereare but few crevices present in which food particles may findlodgement,-and since all parts and-surfaces ar'efreely accessible when the device is removed. suchaccumulations may therefore be readily dislodged. After'the parts have been'thoroughly o'eanedfthey' can be very quickly replacedin the month between the spaced natural teeth in the manner above explained. j

. I have herein disclosed an embodiment of the in venti-on which I have found to be very desirable and efiicient in actual The two natural teeth have 'beenremoved, the

saddle member 1 6 may be of such form as to receive twoor more artificial teeth. The coin struction and manner ef coaction of the sevoral parts in. either case would be substantially identical. I This invention may be developed within the scope of the following claims without departing from the essential features of the same'and it is desired that the specification and drawings beread as being; merely illusnecessitatedby the priorart. I

' My inventionwith' reference to all the lnrown forms of removable dentures, is distingruished by the fact that it frees the patient of all manipulations on the shape and condition of his teeth. between which an adaptation of my inventionis to be inserted.

,trati veand not in'alimiting sense except as 'The two plates facing each other, stay in itself is notremoved: From this it becomes clear that once the-bridge, itseTf, locks f the plates-and occupies the space between them, the bridge itselfis locked between the plates. and in this way, mutual interlock- "ing is brought "about, i. e, the plates lock the bridge between 'themseves, and the bridge with both its sides adjacent to the edges of the plates, locks the plates. This is one of the advantages of my invention.

Iclainir I 1. In a removable denture: two abutment members, shaped to conform with the'distal surface of the one respectively to the opposed mesia-l surface of the other one of two spaced natural teeth and entirely covering the said opposing surfaces of the teeth: the said abutment members having projections cit-tending from the: before mentioned surfaces around the edges leading to theling ual surfaces, the labial surfaces and the occlusal til) press them against their respective adjoining natural teeth; said saddle member being adapted to be removed from between the abutment members and on removal of the saddle member the said abutment members being adapted to be removed severally from their respective natural teeth.

2. la a remo able denture: two abutment members of angular cross-sectional form each having a part gradually increasing in thickness and with one side face of the abutment member shaped to conform to the inwardly sloping distal surface of the one respectively to the inwardly sloping mesial surface of the other one of the two spaced natural teeth. said portions of the abutment member entirely covering the said tooth surface, and the adjoining portion of the abutment member extending over and entirely covering the adjoining lingual surface of the tooth; the said abutment members having further portions extending from the first mentioned distal respectively mesial surfaces and from the lingual surfaces around the edges leading to the other two not covered vertical surfaces and to the occlusal surfaces of the two natural teeth; and a saddle member having an artificial tooth secured therein, said saddle member being adapted to be inserted between the abutment members. the said saddle member further being adapted to be removed, and on the removal of the saddle member the said abutment members being adapted to be removed severally from their respective natural teeth.

3. In a removable denture: two abutment members adapted for engagement with spaced natural teeth, said members each being of angular form in cross-section and having portions entirely covering the opposed distal respectively mesial surfaces of the natural teeth, and having other portions extending over the lingual surfaces of the respective teeth, the said abutment members being actually shaped to conform to the tooth surfaces and to the before mentioned portions thereof; the abutment members having further plane distal respectively mesial surfaces facing each other; and a saddle member having an artificial tooth secured therein and being provided with a plane mesial and a plane distal surface to court with the said distal respectively mesial surfaces of the abutment members upon the insertion of the saddle member therebetween; the said saddle member being thus adapted to be removed, and on removal of the saddle member the said abutment members being adapted severally to be removed from their respective natural teeth.

at. In a removable denture: two abutment members. each of angular form and having portions extending over the opposed distal respectively mesial surfaces of two opposed spaced natural teeth, and having other portions extending over the lingual surfaces, of their respective teeth; a flexible metal bridge connection between the said abutment memhers to press them apart and against their corresponding natural teeth; a plane distal face at the one and an opposite plane mesial surface at the other abutment member; and a saddle member having artificial teeth secured therein and being provided with plane mesial and distal faces to eoact with the aforesaid plane distal respectively mesial faces of the said abutment member, when the saddle member is inserted thcrebetween; the saddle member being adapted to be removed and on renu all of the saddle member the said abutment members being adapted to remove severally from their respective natural teeth.

5. In a removable denture: two abutment members, of angular form and having portions extending over the opposed distal respectively mesial surfaces of spaced natural teeth and other portions extending over the lingual surfaces of the said teeth the said abutment members having further portions extending from the first mentioned distal respectively mesial surfaces and from the ingual surfaces around the edges leading to the other two not covered vertical surfaces and to the occlusal surfaces of the two natural teeth; the two faces of the said abutment members, which are opposite to the tooth touching surfaces being plane and parallel to each other; a flexible metal bridge connection between the said abutment members; a saddle member having artificial teeth secured therein provided with mesial and distal faces to coaet with the plane parallel faces of the said abutment members when the saddle member is inserted therebetween so as to produce a bracing action, detachably retaining the saddle memher in place and holding the said abutment members in tight hugging engagement with the surface of the natural teeth; and a transversely extending dowel pin adapted to be removably engaged in mating grooves in the abutting faces of the saddle member and of an abutment member, to positively lock the said saddle member in position; said saddle member therefore being adapted after removal of the dowel pin to be removed from between the abutment members, and thereupon the abutment members being adapted severally to be removed from their respective natural teeth.

6. In a removable denture: two removable abutment members shaped to conform with opposed distal respectively mesial surfaces and two spaced natural teeth and entirely covering the side configuration thereof, the said almtmcnt members having opposed distal respectively mesial surfaces substantially plane; a saddle member having an artificial tooth secured therein, said saddle member having plane end surfaces adapted to be inserted between and to coact with the said plane surfaces ofthe abutment members, and When so inserted, adapted to hold the abutment members in position against the teeth contiguous thereto and said abutment members i being adapted to hold the said saddle member in position.

hereto.

JACOB GOLDFARB.

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