US12100384B2

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US12100384B2
Application number: US17/646,907
Authority: US
Inventors: Varshada Buchake
Original assignee: Capital One Services LLC
Current assignee: Capital One Services LLC
Priority date: 2022-01-04
Filing date: 2022-01-04
Publication date: 2024-09-24
Also published as: US20230230577A1

Abstract

In some implementations, a mobile application may receive at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application. The mobile application may apply a function to the at least one string, wherein the function performs a targeted replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on at least one optimization associated with a text-to-speech algorithm. Accordingly, the mobile application may receive output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string and generate an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm.

Description

BACKGROUND

Mobile applications often include visual assist modes where visual components (e.g., text information, buttons, and/or other graphical user interface (GUI) components) are converted to audio signals using a text-to-speech algorithm. Accordingly, visually impaired users may use the mobile applications via an audio-based experience.

SUMMARY

Some implementations described herein relate to a system for dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components. The system may include one or more memories and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application. The one or more processors may be further configured to apply a function to the at least one string, where the function performs a targeted replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on at least one optimization associated with a text-to-speech algorithm. The one or more processors may be configured to receive output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string. The one or more processors may be further configured to generate an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm.

Some implementations described herein relate to a method of dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components. The method may include receiving at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application. The method may further include applying a function to the at least one string, where the function adds characters to the at least one string based on context associated with the at least one string. The method may include receiving output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string. The method may further include generating an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using a text-to-speech algorithm.

Some implementations described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components for a device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to provide a first function accepting, as input, at least one string and generating, as output, at least one modified string, where the first function performs a targeted replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on at least one optimization associated with a text-to-speech algorithm. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the device, may cause the device to provide a second function accepting, as input, at least one string and generating, as output, at least one modified string, where the second function adds characters to the at least one string based on context associated with the at least one string.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS.1A-1B are diagrams of an example implementation relating to dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components.

FIG.2 is a diagram of an example environment in which systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented.

FIG.3 is a diagram of example components of one or more devices ofFIG.2.

FIG.4 is a flowchart of an example process relating to dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description of example implementations refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

Visual components associated with a mobile application are often associated with text-based descriptions of the visual components. For example, mobile applications on the Android® operating system associate each visual component with a “content description” field that includes a text-based description of the visual component. Similarly, mobile applications on the iOS® operating system associate each visual component with an “accessibility identifier” field that includes a text-based description of the visual component. However, text-to-speech algorithms often do not process acronyms and abbreviations well. Additionally, visually impaired users may sometimes benefit from additional contextual information regarding the visual components.

Modifying the content descriptions for visual components can be done each time the mobile application is re-compiled, and a new build released. However, this costs significant computational resources and does not offer flexibility to update content descriptions dynamically. Additionally, for text information that is received from a remote server (e.g., search results and/or other dynamic information), the content descriptions for the text information can be modified at the server. However, this can cost significant computational resources at the server (e.g., when there are hundreds or even thousands of search results, each associated with a separate content description) as well as network resources (e.g., by transmitting larger content descriptions over a network to the mobile application) such that latency is increased.

Some implementations described herein provide for a dynamic library that modifies content descriptions, on the fly, to optimize text for audio signal generation. The dynamic library uses significantly fewer computational resources as compared with re-compiling the mobile application and/or performing modification server-side. Additionally, the dynamic library may be updated once for use by multiple mobile applications, rather than each mobile application being re-compiled and updated, which further conserves computational resources. Finally, by optimizing content descriptions locally, network resources are conserved because remote servers may transmit shorter content descriptions that are subsequently optimized at a mobile device.

FIGS.1A-1B are diagrams of an example100 associated with dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components. As shown inFIGS.1A-1B, example100 includes a mobile application (e.g., executed on a mobile device), a replacement library (e.g., stored on the mobile device), a speaker and a display (e.g., associated with the mobile device), and a remote server. These devices are described in more detail in connection withFIGS.2 and3.

As shown inFIG.1A and byreference number105, the mobile application may generate a screen and transmit the screen to the display. For example, the screen may comprise a GUI and include visual components (e.g., at least one visual component). The visual components may include information for display to a user of the mobile device (e.g., text information and/or visual information, such as a graph or other image), interactive components (e.g., buttons, drop-down selectors, radio buttons, and/or other interactive components), or a combination thereof.

As an alternative, and as shown byreference number110b, the mobile application may receive the string from the remote server. For example, the mobile application may request search results and/or other information (whether text and/or visual) from the remote server such that the string is included in a content description transmitted from the remote server to the mobile application with the information.

Accordingly, as shown inFIG.1B, the mobile application may apply a function to the string that performs a targeted replacement of characters included in the string based on an optimization (e.g., at least one optimization) associated with a text-to-speech algorithm. For example, as shown byreference number115, the mobile application may perform a call to the function. In some implementations, the function may be integrated with a class that is associated with the string. For example, the string may be an instance of a string class, and the function may be provided as a public function for the string class. By providing the function as a public function for the string class, the function may be readily updated separate from a file (e.g., one or more files) that store the code for the mobile application. Accordingly, the function may be updated once for use by multiple mobile applications, which conserves memory and processing resources on the mobile device.

Additionally, or alternatively, the function may be stored in a library accessible by the mobile application. For example, the function may be stored in a shared object, a framework folder, a dynamic link library, and/or another similar library data structure storing code for the function. Accordingly, the mobile application may call the function with the string as a parameter. For example, the function may be accessible through an application programming interface (API) that accepts the string as a parameter.

In some implementations, the optimization may be associated with a set of characters for replacing an acronym. For example, the function may search for acronyms within the string (e.g., by applying a string match within a sliding window, optionally using parentheses, spaces, capitals, and/or other formatting clues to identify acronyms with greater accuracy) and replace identified acronyms with corresponding sets of characters associated with the optimization. For example, the function may replace “MBS” with “Mortgage Backed Security or EM BEE ESS” or “JPEG” with “image file format JAY PEG” to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may replace acronyms based on phonetics associated with the text-to-speech algorithm. In another example, the function may replace “LIBOR” with “London interbank offered rate” or “ROI” with “return on investment” to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may additionally or alternatively replace acronyms with longer words or phrases associated with the acronyms.

Additionally, or alternatively, the optimization may be associated with a set of characters for replacing an abbreviation. For example, the function may search for abbreviations within the string (e.g., by applying a string match within a sliding window, optionally using periods, spaces, and/or other formatting clues to identify acronyms with greater accuracy) and replace identified abbreviations with corresponding sets of characters associated with the optimization. For example, the function may replace “e.g.” with “Latin phrase EE JEE” or “Ave” with “Avenue” to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may replace abbreviations based on phonetics associated with the text-to-speech algorithm. In another example, the function may replace “January” with “January” or “mos.” with “months” to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may additionally or alternatively replace abbreviations with longer words or phrases associated with the abbreviations.

Additionally, or alternatively, the optimization may be associated with a set of characters for replacing a term or a phrase. For example, the function may search for one or more stored terms (or phrases) within the string (e.g., by applying a string match within a sliding window, optionally using periods, spaces, and/or other formatting clues to identify the terms with greater accuracy) and replace identified terms (or phrases) with corresponding sets of characters associated with the optimization. For example, the function may replace “c'est la vie” with “French phrase SAY LAA VEE” or “modus operandi” with “Latin term EMM OH” to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may replace terms (or phrases) based on phonetics associated with the text-to-speech algorithm. In another example, the function may replace numerical dates (e.g., in the format ##/ ##/ #### or ##/ ##/ ##) with textual dates (e.g., with months spelled out and/or ordinal numbers in lieu of cardinal numbers for days) or numerical years (e.g., in the format 19 ## or 20 ##) with textual numbers (e.g., NINETEEN NINETY-NINE for 1999 or TWO THOUSAND FIVE for 2005) to improve conversion of the string into an audio signal (e.g., as described in connection with reference number125). Accordingly, the function may additionally or alternatively replace terms (or phrases) with longer versions of the terms (or phrases).

Although described above as the same function, the mobile application may apply different functions to apply optimizations associated with acronyms, abbreviations, and/or terms (or phrases), respectively. Additionally, or alternatively, the mobile application may apply a function to the string that adds characters to the string based on context associated with the string. For example, the function may add “the Annual Percentage Rate is calculated based on the interest rate for the loan, fees charged with the loan, and any points you choose to purchase” whenever “APR” appears. In another example, the function may add “there is an outstanding recall for all TWO THOUSAND TEN TO TWO THOUSAND FOURTEEN Chevy Camaros” whenever “Chevy Camaro” appears near a year in a range from 2010 to 2014. Although described above as a different function, the mobile application may call a single function to apply optimizations associated with acronyms, abbreviations, and/or terms (or phrases) in combination with an optimization to add characters based on context.

Accordingly, as shown byreference number120, the mobile application may receive output from the function that includes a modified string (e.g., at least one modified string) based on the string. For example, the function may return the modified string to the mobile application through the API used to call the function.

In some implementations, the modified string is based on whether the text-to-speech algorithm uses concatenative synthesis or uses formant synthesis. For example, the modified string may include vowel and consonant symbols for formant synthesis (e.g., using international phonetic alphabet (IPA) symbols for vowels and consonants). On the other hand, the modified string may include phonetic spelling for concatenative synthesis (e.g., spelling out pronunciations). Accordingly, the function may accept, as input, an indication of which text-to-speech algorithm is being used. The function may accept this input from the mobile application and/or may query an operating system of the mobile device to determine which text-to-speech algorithm is being used.

As shown inFIG.1B, the function may be stored in a library separate from the mobile application. Accordingly, the mobile device may update the function by updating a library file (e.g., at least one library file) storing code for the function. As a result, the function may be updated once for use by multiple mobile applications, which conserves memory and processing resources on the mobile device.

In some implementations, the library may provide a plurality of functions that perform the operations described above. For example, the library may provide a first function accepting, as input, a string (e.g., at least one string) and generating, as output, a modified string (e.g., at least one modified string) based on a targeted replacement of characters included in the string based on an optimization (e.g., at least one optimization) associated with a text-to-speech algorithm. Additionally, the library may provide a second function accepting, as input, a string (e.g., at least one string) and generating, as output, a modified string (e.g., at least one modified string) by adding characters to the string based on context associated with the string. Accordingly, the mobile application may execute the first function based on an API call to the first function. Similarly, the mobile application may execute the second function based on an API call to the second function. Additionally, in some implementations, the functions may be stored across different files (or other data structures). Accordingly, the mobile device may update the first function by updating a library file (e.g., at least one library file) storing code for the first function and update the second function by updating a library file (e.g., at least one library file) storing code for the second function. As a result, each function may be separately updated with minimal read and write cycles to a memory of the mobile device, which conserves power and processing resources on the mobile device.

In any of the implementations described above, the library may verify an API call before executing a function (e.g., the first function, the second function, and/or another function performing operations described above) based on the API call. For example, the mobile application may provide a password, a certificate, and/or another digital form of authentication (e.g., as a parameter in the API call) in order to use the library. Accordingly, the library is protected against unauthorized access (e.g., from distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks and/or other unauthorized applications).

As shown byreference number125, the mobile application may generate an audio signal, based on the modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm. In some implementations, the mobile application may include the text-to-speech algorithm. As an alternative, the operating system of the mobile device may provide access to the text-to-speech algorithm such that the mobile application may call the text-to-speech algorithm (e.g., via an API call) and provide the modified string as a parameter.

Accordingly, as shown byreference number130, the mobile application may output the generated audio signal to a speaker. The speaker may be at least partially integrated (e.g., physically, logically, and/or virtually) with the mobile device. Alternatively, the speaker may be separate from, but associated with, the mobile device (e.g., a wireless speaker that is connected to the mobile device or a wired speaker that is plugged into the mobile device, among other examples).

Using techniques as described in connection withFIGS.1A-1B increases accuracy of the generated audio signal while conserving a significant amount of power, memory, and processing resources. Performing string modifications to improve accuracy, as described above, uses a small amount of power, memory, and processing resources as compared with re-training or otherwise modifying the text-to-speech algorithm to improve accuracy.

As indicated above,FIGS.1A-1B are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIGS.1A-1B.

FIG.2 is a diagram of anexample environment200 in which systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented. As shown inFIG.2,environment200 may include anoperating system210, a mobile application220 (e.g., supported by the operating system210), and a library230 (e.g., used by the mobile application220), as described in more detail below. Additionally, as further shown inFIG.2,environment200 may include a remote server240. Devices and/or elements ofenvironment200 may interconnect via wired connections and/or wireless connections.

Theoperating system210 may include system software capable of managing hardware of a user device (which may include, for example, one or more components ofdevice300 ofFIG.3) and providing an environment for execution of higher-level software, such as themobile application220. For example, theoperating system210 may include a kernel (e.g., a Windows-based kernel, a Linux kernel, a Unix-based kernel, such as an Android kernel, an iOS kernel, and/or another type of kernel) managing the hardware and library functions that may be used by the higher-level software. Theoperating system210 may additionally provide a GUI and process input from a user.

Themobile application220 may include an executable capable of running on a user device using theoperating system210. Themobile application220 may communicate with the remote server240. For example, themobile application220 may use hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), file transfer protocol (FTP), and/or other Internet- or network-based protocols to request information from, transmit information to, and receive information from the remote server240. Additionally, themobile application220 may communicate with thelibrary230 to adjust content descriptions, associated with themobile application220 and/or received from the remote server240, to optimize audio signals generated based on the content descriptions, as described elsewhere herein.

Thelibrary230 may include a plug-in or another type of software that themobile application220 may call using an API or another similar type of call to functions included in thelibrary230. In some implementations, thelibrary230 may be at least partially integrated into themobile application220. Additionally, or alternatively, thelibrary230 may at least partially operate independently of themobile application220. Thelibrary230 may adjust content descriptions, associated with themobile application220 and/or received from the remote server240, to optimize audio signals generated based on the content descriptions, as described elsewhere herein.

The remote server240 may include remote computing devices that provide information to requesting devices over the Internet, a cellular network, a public land mobile network (PLMN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a private network, and/or a combination of these or other types of networks). The remote server240 may include a standalone server, one or more servers included on a server farm, or one or more servers spread across a plurality of server farms. In some implementations, the remote server240 may include a cloud computing system (e.g., a system that performs virtualization (e.g., abstraction) of computing hardware (e.g., hardware described in connection withFIG.3) to create one or more virtual computing systems). As an alternative, the remote server240 may include one or more devices, such asdevice300 ofFIG.3, that may include a standalone server or another type of computing device.

The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown inFIG.2 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional devices and/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/or networks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than those shown inFIG.2. Furthermore, two or more devices shown inFIG.2 may be implemented within a single device, or a single device shown inFIG.2 may be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) ofenvironment200 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of devices ofenvironment200.

FIG.3 is a diagram of example components of adevice300, which may correspond to a mobile device. In some implementations, a mobile device may include one ormore devices300 and/or one or more components ofdevice300. As shown inFIG.3,device300 may include a bus310, aprocessor320, amemory330, aninput component340, anoutput component350, and acommunication component360.

Bus310 includes one or more components that enable wired and/or wireless communication among the components ofdevice300. Bus310 may couple together two or more components ofFIG.3, such as via operative coupling, communicative coupling, electronic coupling, and/or electric coupling.Processor320 includes a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field-programmable gate array, an application-specific integrated circuit, and/or another type of processing component.Processor320 is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. In some implementations,processor320 includes one or more processors capable of being programmed to perform one or more operations or processes described elsewhere herein.

Memory

330 includes volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. For example,memory330 may include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a hard disk drive, and/or another type of memory (e.g., a flash memory, a magnetic memory, and/or an optical memory).Memory330 may include internal memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, or a hard disk drive) and/or removable memory (e.g., removable via a universal serial bus connection).Memory330 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium.Memory330 stores information, instructions, and/or software (e.g., one or more software applications) related to the operation ofdevice300. In some implementations,memory330 includes one or more memories that are coupled to one or more processors (e.g., processor320), such as via bus310.

Input component

340 enablesdevice300 to receive input, such as user input and/or sensed input. For example,input component340 may include a touch screen, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a microphone, a switch, a sensor, a global positioning system sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and/or an actuator.Output component350 enablesdevice300 to provide output, such as via a display, a speaker, and/or a light-emitting diode.Communication component360 enablesdevice300 to communicate with other devices via a wired connection and/or a wireless connection. For example,communication component360 may include a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a modem, a network interface card, and/or an antenna.

Device

300 may perform one or more operations or processes described herein. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory330) may store a set of instructions (e.g., one or more instructions or code) for execution byprocessor320.Processor320 may execute the set of instructions to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. In some implementations, execution of the set of instructions, by one ormore processors320, causes the one ormore processors320 and/or thedevice300 to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. In some implementations, hardwired circuitry is used instead of or in combination with the instructions to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. Additionally, or alternatively,processor320 may be configured to perform one or more operations or processes described herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

The number and arrangement of components shown inFIG.3 are provided as an example.Device300 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown inFIG.3. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) ofdevice300 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components ofdevice300.

FIG.4 is a flowchart of anexample process400 associated with dynamic adjustment of content descriptions for visual components. In some implementations, one or more process blocks ofFIG.4 may be performed by a mobile application. In some implementations, one or more process blocks ofFIG.4 may be performed by another device or a group of devices separate from or including the mobile application, such as a mobile device. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more process blocks ofFIG.4 may be performed by one or more components ofdevice300, such asprocessor320,memory330,input component340,output component350, and/orcommunication component360.

As shown inFIG.4,process400 may include receiving at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application (block410). As further shown inFIG.4,process400 may include applying a function, to the at least one string, that performs a targeted replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on at least one optimization associated with a text-to-speech algorithm (block420). Additionally, or alternatively,process400 may include applying a function, to the at least one string, that adds characters to the at least one string based on context associated with the at least one string. As further shown inFIG.4,process400 may include receiving output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string (block430). Accordingly, as shown inFIG.4,process400 may include generating an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm (block440).

AlthoughFIG.4 shows example blocks ofprocess400, in some implementations,process400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted inFIG.4. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks ofprocess400 may be performed in parallel.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the implementations.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the implementations. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware can be used to implement the systems and/or methods based on the description herein.

Although particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiple of the same item.

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A system for dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components, the system comprising:

one or more memories; and

one or more processors, communicatively coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:

receive at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application;

apply a function to the at least one string, wherein:

the function accepts, as input, an indication of whether a formant synthesis or a concatenative synthesis is used for a text-to-speech algorithm, and

the function performs a replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on whether the text-to-speech algorithm uses the formant synthesis or the concatenative synthesis;

receive output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string; and

generate an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm.

2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the replacement of characters is associated with a set of characters for replacing an acronym.

3. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the replacement of characters is associated with a set of characters for replacing an abbreviation.

4. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the replacement of characters is associated with a set of characters for replacing a term or a phrase.

5. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to apply the function, are configured to:

perform a call to the function, wherein the function is integrated with a class that is associated with the at least one string.

6. The system ofclaim 1, wherein;

the at least one modified string includes phonetic spelling based on the text-to-speech algorithm using the concatenative synthesis that spells out pronunciations, or

the at least one modified string includes vowel and consonant symbols based on the text-to-speech algorithm using the formant synthesis that uses international phonetic alphabet symbols for vowels and consonants.

7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one string is received from a library of strings stored in association with the mobile application.

8. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one string is received by the mobile application from a remote server.

9. A method of dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components, comprising:

receiving at least one string included in at least one content description associated with at least one visual component of a screen generated by a mobile application;

applying a function to the at least one string, wherein:

the function adds characters to the at least one string based on whether the text-to-speech algorithm uses the formant synthesis or the concatenative synthesis;

receiving output from the function that includes at least one modified string based on the at least one string; and

generating an audio signal, based on the at least one modified string, using the text-to-speech algorithm.

10. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising:

outputting the generated audio signal to a speaker.

11. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising:

updating the function by updating at least one library file storing code for the function.

12. The method ofclaim 9, wherein generating the audio signal comprises: calling a text-to-speech function with the at least one modified string as a parameter,

wherein the text-to-speech function is provided by an operating system associated with the mobile application.

13. The method ofclaim 9, wherein applying the function comprises: calling the function with the at least one string as a parameter,

wherein the function is stored in a library accessible by the mobile application.

14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the at least one string comprises an instance of a string class, and wherein the function is provided as a public function for the string class.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for dynamically adjusting content descriptions for visual components, the set of instructions comprising:

one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to:

provide a first function or a second function, wherein:

the first function accepts, as input, the at least one string and an indication of whether a formant synthesis or a concatenative synthesis is used for a text-to-speech algorithm, and

the first function generates, as output, at least one modified first string, the first function performing a targeted replacement of characters included in the at least one string based on whether the text-to-speech algorithm uses the formant synthesis or the concatenative synthesis,

the second function accepts, as input, the at least one string and an indication of whether the formant synthesis or the concatenative synthesis is used for the text-to-speech algorithm, and

the second function generates, as output, at least one modified second string, the second function adding characters to the at least one string based on whether the text-to-speech algorithm uses the formant synthesis or the concatenative synthesis; and

generate an audio signal, based on the at least one modified first string or the at least one modified second string, using the text-to-speech algorithm.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:

execute the first function based on an application programming interface (API) call to the first function.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:

execute the second function based on an application programming interface (API) call to the second function.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:

update the first function by updating at least one library file storing code for the first function.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:

update the second function by updating at least one library file storing code for the second function.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the device to:

verify an application programming interface (API) call before executing the first function or the second function based on the API call.