US11127246B1 - Multi-wager casino games with token detection - Google Patents

Abstract

A system having a plurality of interconnected controls is provided for playing multiple-wager casino card games using gaming tables found at one or more casinos. Both physical and electronic cards can be utilized, depending on game play outcomes. Information related to game play can be sent by one or more table controls to a master casino control and then to a system owner control. A token detection apparatus, which includes a particular one of the table controls, provides light for use in detecting whether or not a token is present as part of game play. The token detection apparatus also includes an emitter for use in outputting such light and a receiver for use in receiving returned light. A calibration process involving the emitter and receiver is used to ensure token detection accuracy. The token is used in making a progressive/fixed amount wager as part of playing the casino card game.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a divisional application that claims the benefits of, including priority to, continuation-in-part U.S. application Ser. No. 15/474,819, filed Mar. 30, 2017, the entire contents being incorporated herein by this reference, which claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/466,062, filed Aug. 22, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,747,749 issued Aug. 29, 2017, the entire contents being incorporated herein by this reference, which claims the benefit of, including priority to, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/871,660, filed Aug. 29, 2013, the entire contents of which being incorporated herein by this reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to casino table games in which a plurality of wagers can be made during each round of play and, in particular, to playing blackjack variant card games involving progressive and/or fixed amount related payouts, including wagers made with gaming tokens that are detected using un-modulated light technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Casino table games, particularly casino card games that include progressive wagers, have proven to be highly popular among players. The progressive wager is a side bet that does not essentially affect the play of the base or underlying game, such as Twenty-One (Blackjack) or variants thereof. The progressive wager is one in which at least some of the amounts waged by players can be applied to a progressive jackpot. The amount in the progressive jackpot, and the amount that can be won, can increase over rounds of play. It is also common practice to have the progressive jackpot depend on play from multiple tables located in a single casino, which can be extended to multiple tables located in more than one casino. Large numbers of tables associated with a common progressive jackpot can substantially affect the amount in the progressive jackpot.

Many patents have issued over the years describing different games that include progressive wagers. These include a number of table game patents that include progressive wagers, such as: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,836,553; 4,861,041; 5,078,405; 5,288,077; 5,472,194; 5,626,341; 5,795,225; 6,299,534; and 7,367,884. Some of these patents also describe specific means and methods for determining whether a progressive wager was placed using a gaming token or chip. U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,405 issued Jan. 7, 1992 to Jones et al. discloses the use of a coin acceptor or slot into which a gaming token is inserted when a progressive bet is made. Control circuitry senses the inserted token and functions with other electronic elements to control a progressive jackpot meter. U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,194 issued Dec. 5, 1995 to Breeding et al. describes the use of pressure switches that are activated by the players in conjunction with making progressive wagers. U.S. Pat. No. 6,299,534 issued Oct. 9, 2001 to Breeding et al. discloses a non-photoelectric proximity sensor that is used in detecting a gaming token when it is used to make a progressive wager. These non-photoelectric sensors include inductive, capacitive and/or ultrasonic sensors. U.S. Pat. No. 7,367,884 issued May 6, 2008 to Breeding et al. discusses a photoelectric sensor that provides modulated light in connection with detecting whether a gaming token is present that is indicative of a progressive wager being made. In connection with another embodiment, this patent describes a photoelectric sensor that senses ambient light. A gaming token that is present essentially blocks ambient light. This causes the photoelectric sensor to turn off, thereby indicating that a token is present.

Many systems and methods have been devised for use in playing casino games having a progressive jackpot. Based on the popularity of these games, opportunities exist to identify and develop novel concepts that further appeal to the large numbers of players who play casino games with progressive features. Numerous technologies have also been used or advanced related to determining whether a progressive wager was made as part of playing a casino table game. It would be additionally beneficial to provide an innovative design for sensing a gaming token used to make a wager involving a progressive and/or fixed amount related payout, and then use that detected information to properly control results of such a wager.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a system for enabling multiple wagers to be made while playing card games on tables at one or more casinos is provided. The card games can include Blackjack/Twenty-One and variants thereof, such as “Spanish 21®”, as well as game options or features which are playable with twenty-one card games, namely the game or feature identified as “Match The Dealer®”. The system includes a central control that is preferably housed in a facility different from each of the one or more casinos. The central control is connectable to one or more casino controls using the Internet. One or more embodiments having a single casino control in the system has the single casino control designated as a master casino control. One or more embodiments having a plurality of casino controls in the system has one of them designated as a master casino control. In one embodiment, each casino control is located in or at its associated casino having the tables at which the card games are played. In another embodiment, one or more casino controls are located remotely from the casino with which they are associated. Typically, there is one casino control associated with each casino, and each casino can have a plurality of gaming tables on which the table games of the system are played. Each of the plurality of gaming tables can include a table control, which is part of a token detection apparatus. The token detection apparatus, using its table control, ascertains whether or not a token or chip, which is used to make a progressive/fixed amount wager while playing a table game, is present. Each table control can communicate with the casino control of its associated casino.

A primary function of the central control relates to providing random numbers to each of the casino controls. The random numbers are used by the casino controls in determining or interpreting electronic cards to be sent to their associated table controls. Electronic cards are provided to one or more table controls when a player satisfies certain card game requirements in which physical cards are utilized, including a progressive/fixed amount wager being made by that player. If the electronic cards match one of a number of possible winning sets of cards, the player can win a substantial amount of money, with some payouts being in the millions of dollars.

A primary function of each casino control relates to receiving, from its associated table control(s) game play information. Such information is provided to each casino control by the table controls to which each casino control is connected. This game play information can include for each casino: the number of tables, together with their identifiers, used in playing the table games of the system; and the number of wagers made at each table. The game play information can be sent by the designated master casino control to the central control. For embodiments in which there are multiple casino controls, the designated master casino control can provide combined game play information to the central control, after obtaining such information from the other casino controls. At least portions of the game play information can be used by the central control in determining the identities of the tables of the system that were used in playing games of the system for a pre-established time period, such as a particular month. The central control is preferably owned by, or under the legal control of, a third party who is not the owner of, or the controlling entity for, any of the one or more casinos using the system. In such a case, the third party typically has authorization to receive the game play information. The third party could use the information received by the central control in connection with billing one or more casino owners for use of the system.

Regarding each token detection apparatus provided at each gaming table, tokens or chips used in making progressive/fixed amount wagers are automatically detected using a sensor assembly which includes an emitter that outputs un-modulated emitter light. When a token is present, at least some of this un-modulated emitter light returns as returned un-modulated light. The returned un-modulated light is sensed using a receiver of the sensor assembly. Sensor circuitry is operably connected to the receiver for communicating information related to the returned un-modulated light to the table control. The sensor circuitry includes sensor housing circuitry and multiplex circuitry. The table control receives such light-related information, using the multiplex circuitry, in the form of a processed light detection signal, which is used by the table control in determining whether a token is present. In that regard, when a token is present, sufficient returned un-modulated light (e.g. un-modulated light above a predetermined threshold) is detected using the receiver, sensor housing circuitry and the table control. This determination or information related to the presence of a token is useful in identifying, to the operator or dealer, a player who made any winning progressive/fixed amount wager and is useful, at a desired or predetermined time, in updating a progressive jackpot display.

The light output by an emitter used in the present invention could be in the entire range of electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic spectrum). In one embodiment, however, and when activated or turned on, the emitter outputs un-modulated light in the infrared range. This un-modulated light could have a peak wavelength of 940 nm (nanometers), a power dissipation of 200 mw (milliwatts) and an emission angle of 40 degrees. The receiver could have a daylight blocking filter in which the filter bandwidth is matched with infrared emitters that output infrared light in the range of 900 nm-950 nm, which includes the 940 nm wavelength.

The sensor assembly also includes a sensor housing that contains the emitter, receiver and the sensor housing circuitry. The sensor assembly can be supported by a casino table on which the game having the progressive/fixed amount wager is played. At least major portions of the sensor assembly can be removably held just below a progressive wager area delineated or otherwise made known on the table. In one embodiment, the sensor housing has a cover and a container. The cover is joinable to the container. The container can contain the emitter, receiver and sensor housing circuitry above its base or bottom. The sensor housing also has a light path member for guiding un-modulated emitter light output from the emitter towards the progressive/fixed amount wager area so that, when a token is present in that area, such light will be guided in a path to the progressive/fixed amount wager area having the token. Similarly, the light path member can also guide un-modulated returned light returning along a path from the token to the receiver. The light path member can be formed with the cover, such as on the cover underside (that side of the cover that faces inwardly of the sensor housing). The light path member can be of any desired shape that functions to properly guide light relative to the progressive/fixed amount wager area. The light path member can be generally conical-shaped in which the tip thereof (its narrowest portions) is located more inwardly of the sensor housing than are other portions thereof.

The sensor housing circuitry can communicate with a light array comprising a number of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for use in indicating to the dealer when a token is present. That is, when a token is present, the table control determines its presence using the processed light detection signal. Subsequently, based on such information in one embodiment, the table control causes the light array to be energized or turned on by providing a command signal to the light array using portions of the sensor housing circuitry. In another embodiment, based on such information that a token is present, the table control causes the light array to remain energized or turned on. In such an embodiment, the light array is energized before the detection process is started so that an indication that a token is present is provided by the light array remaining turned on. Conversely, for a light array associated with a wager area that is detected as not having a token, its light array is turned off. The light array is preferably located adjacent to the progressive/fixed amount wager area and, more preferably, surrounds the progressive/fixed amount wager area. The sensor housing circuitry is electrically connected to a cable, such as a ribbon cable, comprising a number of conducting wires for carrying information, including command and data signals. Such signals are carried by the ribbon cable using the multiplex circuitry that is electrically connected to each of the sensor housing circuitry provided with a particular table. The multiplex circuitry transfers such signals relative to the table control. These command and data signals are used in operating each of the sensor assemblies associated with the particular table. In one embodiment, in connecting the cable to the sensor housing circuitry, a cable plug of the sensor housing circuitry is used that can be connected to other parts or components of the sensor housing circuitry in two different ways and still obtain the same desired result. Basically, the same information can be carried by two different cable conducting wires, or pairs of wires. Such two different wires are located at diagonally opposite ends of the cable plug so that the cable plug can be electrically connected to such other parts of the sensor housing circuitry in each one of the two ways. This enables the cable connected to the cable plug to be desirably positioned or laid relative to a casino table, especially when a number of sensor assemblies are used with the same casino table. According to one preferred arrangement, when positioning the cable as part of interconnecting a number of sensor assemblies, portions of the cable are bent or folded over so that effectively the thickness of the bent cable portions is doubled and sufficient space, using a recess formed in a table or foam layer, is provided to receive or accommodate this increase in the thickness of the cable portions.

With respect to using a plurality of sensor assemblies, depending on table size, any number of such assemblies could be utilized but a typical number of sensor assemblies used on one table could be six, seven or eight. Regardless, each of the plurality of sensor assemblies is electrically interconnected using the ribbon cable. Each sensor assembly using its sensor housing circuitry and the ribbon cable, that is common to each of them, is able to bi-laterally communicate with the table control, through the multiplex circuitry, in order to send and/or receive the command and data information. Commands can be sent using identification information that corresponds to a particular sensor assembly, with each sensor assembly having its own unique identifier.

Regarding one method of system operation related to making one or more progressive/fixed amount wagers, at the start of a casino card game round of play, each player at the table decides whether to make a progressive/fixed amount wager. The progressive/fixed amount wager can be one of several wagers, including a base wager made for playing the underlying or base game, such as twenty-one, and a side bet or ancillary wager made for playing an option or feature associated with the base game, such as the “Match The Dealer®” game or feature. For each player making a progressive/fixed amount wager, a token is placed by the player on the progressive/fixed amount wager area associated with that player. Once the dealer determines that any and all progressive/fixed amount wagers are made for the current round of game play, the dealer activates a progressive/fixed amount input element. This can be done by contacting such an element that can be part of a panel of the token detection apparatus for that table. The panel can be part of a unit that houses the table control. The table control is responsive to activation of this input element. That is, under the command of the table control and communicating such command using the multiplex circuitry and the ribbon cable, a light control signal is generated by each sensor housing circuitry provided with the table. Each light control signal is used in energizing or turning on a particular one emitter of one of the sensor assemblies. Each emitter outputs un-modulated emitter light. Each associated light path member assists in directing the un-modulated emitter light to its associated progressive/fixed amount wager area.

For each progressive/fixed amount wager area on which a player placed a token, un-modulated returned light occurs due to the presence of the token which sufficiently prevents or otherwise hinders un-modulated emitter light from traveling past the token; instead, at least significant portions of such light are reflected and can be defined as un-modulated returned light. Like the emitter light, at least some of the returned light is guided by the light path member towards each receiver of each sensor assembly associated with a table position at which the progressive/fixed amount wager area has a token. At least some of the returned light is input to each associated receiver. A processed light detection signal is subsequently generated using each applicable sensor housing circuitry and input to the table control using the cable and the multiplex circuitry. The table control determines which of the progressive/fixed amount wager areas of the table has a token using the processed light detection signals obtained using the outputs from the receivers of the sensor assemblies provided with the table. Based on such determinations, the table control can initiate the providing of any and each indication of which progressive/fixed amount wager area has a token. Any such indication is provided by turning on or energizing each light array using components of each sensor housing circuitry that is associated with a sensor assembly that senses a token being currently present. An activated or lit light array adjacent to a particular progressive/fixed amount wager area indicates to any observer (e.g. dealer, players) that a progressive/fixed amount wager has been made at that location. In one embodiment, after each lit light array indicates the presence of any token that is present, the dealer can remove any one or more tokens that are present and any associated light array remains lit. In one embodiment as well, each emitter can automatically turn off after a predetermined or convenient time using the table control.

The casino game is then played, such as physical cards being dealt to the players. Based on the dealt cards and any lit light array, the dealer can ascertain which, if any, of the players who made a progressive/fixed amount wager has a predetermined winning set of cards (e.g., a combination of three kings of spades). For a player having such a three kings of spades combination (player has two kings of spades and the dealer has one king of spades as the dealer's “up” card), that player can proceed to another round of play which uses the electronic cards, with the another round of play preferably being the next round. That is, electronic cards, for example, three electronic cards, are provided to the table control, by its associated casino control (or possibly by its master casino control when its associated casino control is the master casino control), which table control is found at the table at which the winning player is playing. If those electronic cards match one of a number of pre-established winning sets of cards, the player wins the payout associated therewith, which can be millions of dollars. After any determination and steps related thereto are taken regarding such a set of cards as three kings of spades, the dealer might also pay any and each player for any other wager (side bet or bonus type of wager) that needs to paid or acknowledged before any further cards are dealt. Additionally or alternatively, after all cards have been dealt, one or more winning hands associated with the base or underlying card game can be paid by the dealer for each player who made a base game wager. Once all bets are settled for each player, the next round of game play can begin.

The electronic cards could be generated solely by the master casino control using random bits in order to enhance system security. These same random bits can also be stored with a system owner control, which can be used to verify that the electronic cards that were generated by the master casino control for use by a particular table control were the electronic cards that should have been generated. Data or other information related to game play can also be obtained and provided to the system owner control, immediately and/or on a periodic basis. Based on the foregoing, the present invention can incorporate both physical and electronic cards in playing a casino card game. In that regard, the method of play relies on essentially the same probability of occurrence of winning hands (such as combinations of three kings of spades) in possible back-to-back rounds of play, which can lead to an unusually large payout. With the initial round played using physical cards and the possible subsequent round played using electronic cards. In one embodiment, the subsequent round with electronic cards can utilize a fixed amount for possible payout that is always higher than a progressive jackpot. The invention's system can include a central control, one or more casino controls (with one being designated a master casino control) and a number of table controls. The central control is preferably in communication with the master casino control using the Internet. Each other casino control preferably communicates with the master casino control, and not directly with the central control. Such communication could also be achieved using the Internet. Each casino control is in communication with its associated table control(s) and each casino control can receive game play information from its associated table controls. The central control can be owned or controlled by a third party, who can provide reports and other information to one or more casino owners related to game play and table usage. Such game play information might be used to determine payments owed the third party for system table game usage. Obtaining information by the central control can be pursuant to the permission and/or authority of one or more casino owner(s)/controlling entity or entities. The system's token detection apparatus utilizes un-modulated light technology to automatically determine whether or not a token is present during table game play, particularly during play of a casino card game, including blackjack or a blackjack variant game, such as “Spanish 21®”. Since un-modulated light is sent and received when detecting that a token is present, it is important that only certain light be indicative of the presence of a token. Accordingly, ambient light must not affect proper and accurate determinations of whether or not a token is present. In that regard, non-ambient light, preferably light in the infrared range, is utilized to detect a token's presence. More preferably, only infrared light within a well-defined range is used for detection. The emitter used to emit un-modulated light has sufficient power and the receiver used to detect un-modulated light has sufficient sensitivity to un-modulated light in the desired range in order to achieve proper detection. In addition, the light path member contributes to token detection by assisting in the desirable locating of the un-modulated light. That is, emitter light is guided to the progressive/fixed amount wager area (and the token when present) and returned light is guided to the receiver when the token is present. According to one embodiment, the present invention also has a unique casino table design including employment of a layer with recesses that allow for increased thicknesses of cable due to bending of the cable at certain locations. Such bending is associated with the related ability of being able to connect the wires of the cable in two different ways to sensor housing circuitry connector plugs.

Additional advantages of the present invention are readily apparent, particularly when taken together with following descriptions including the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates one system of the present invention having a central control, a plurality of casino controls and a number of table controls, which system is devised for use with a plurality of casinos, with each having a number of table games at which multiple wagers can be made;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing components of the token detection apparatus, which is diagrammatically depicted inFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view illustrating components of the sensor assembly, including the cover, container and light path member, of the token detection apparatus;

FIG. 4 is circuit schematic illustrating sensor housing circuitry, together with a schematically illustrated emitter and receiver of a sensor assembly, as well as a light array communicating with the sensor housing circuitry;

FIG. 5 illustrates portions of an embodiment of a casino gaming table depicting layers of the table and certain positions of the cable, which is useful in electrically connecting together a number of sensor assemblies;

FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams that provide basic steps or stages associated with the invention's method of operation, particularly related to token detection and use of physical and electronic cards;

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram that illustrates another system of the present invention similar in numerous respects to the system ofFIG. 1; and

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram that describes basic steps or stages directed to a method of operation, similar toFIGS. 6A-6C, but directed to the system ofFIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference toFIG. 1, asystem20 for playing one or more casino table games, which are available in one or more casinos, is illustrated. A plurality of casinos100, namely:100-1,100-2 . . .100-n, are diagrammatically depicted. Each casino100 can be located or housed in a different geographical area or facility. Each casino100 can be owned or controlled by a different entity or more than one such casino100 can be owned or controlled by the same entity. Each casino100 can include a number of tables110, such as casino100-1 having tables1-110-1 . . .1-110-nat which the same or different casino table games can be played. Each casino's tables110 can be further arranged or located in one or more pits or other areas that define the locations of the table games in the particular casino100.

The table games can include any one of a number of available, or later available, casino table games. In certain embodiments, the table games include Blackjack/Twenty-One, as well as variants thereof, such as “Spanish 21®” and games (e.g., Twenty-One and “Spanish 21®”) that can include the feature or game variant identified as “Match The Dealer®”. Both “Spanish 21®” and “Match The Dealer®” are registered trademarks of the assignee of this application. More specific descriptions related to playing particular table games in the context of the present invention will be provided hereinbelow.

Each gaming table110 of each casino100 also has atoken detection apparatus120 associated therewith. For example, tables1-100-1 . . .1-100-ninclude, or have as part thereof or associated therewith, token detection apparatuses1-120-1 . . .1-120-n, respectively. Eachsuch apparatus120 is used in detecting one or more tokens or betting chips used by players to make certain wagers as part of playing the particular table game. Eachtoken detection apparatus120 includes at least atable control130, which can be a single board computer involved with numerous processing, determining-related and reporting functions. Thetoken detection apparatus120 will be subsequently described in detail, including additional elements and operations thereof for use in detecting when a token is used by a player to make a particular wager (e.g., progressive fixed/amount wager), which is different than a base wager that is made in order to play the underlying table game.

Thesystem20 also includes at least onecasino control140 that communicates with eachtable control130 of eachtoken detection apparatus120 that is associated with a particular casino100. Such communications for eachcasino control140 could be achieved using one or more network switches (not shown) to which each associatedtable control130 is connected. Casino1 control140-1 communicates with each table control1-130-1 . . .1-130-nassociated with casino100-1, such as through one or more network switches. Similarly, casino n control140-ncommunicates with each table control n-130-1 . . . n-130-nassociated with casino100-n, such as through another one or more network switches. In a preferred embodiment, one of the casino controls140 is designated as the master casino control, such as casino n control140-n. Eachcasino control140 comprises one or more processors, computers and/or servers and has a number of functions, including functions that involve communications between the designated master casino n control140-nand each of the other casino controls140 (non-master casino controls), with one or more such communications being the result of communications between the master casino n control140-nand acentral control150. Thecentral control150 can be connected to the master casino n control140-nusing theInternet154. The master casino n control140-ncan communicate with the other casino controls140 using the Internet as well, or using another appropriate network. In the embodiment in which thesystem20 has asingle casino control140, it is deemed to be the master casino control and provides the master casino control functions.

One of the main functions of thecentral control150 involves providing information related to electronic cards to eachcasino control140 by means of the master casino n control140-n. Such information is to be used by theparticular casino control140 in providing electronic cards. Whenever at least one player, playing a particular table game having a particulartoken detection apparatus120 associated with it, has met certain play requirements involving use of physical or regular (not electronic/digital) cards, that player is automatically eligible to play another round, without any additional wager. In this subsequent round, the player has an opportunity to win a fixed, substantial amount, typically in the millions of dollars. Depending on the electronic cards that are provided by thecasino control140, the player might win one of a number of amounts of money, which amounts can be identified using a payout table or chart related to this aspect of game play that utilizes electronic cards.

With respect to the electronic cards that are used, during setup/installation of thesystem20, each of the one or more casino controls140 obtains a plurality of random numbers, such as three random numbers. When the one player achieves the game play requirements (e.g., has a predetermined combination of cards), upon request of the associatedtable control130, theparticular casino control140 communicating with thattable control130 decrypts and converts the three random numbers to produce three electronic cards. These three cards represent two player cards and one dealer card and they are sent to the associatedtable control130 found at the table110 at which the player of interest is playing. And, these three random numbers are also sent to eachtable control130, which is in communication with thatparticular casino control140. If thatparticular casino control140 is not a master casino control, then the master casino control can send the three random numbers to each of the other casino controls140 in thesystem20. The master casino control, if not theparticular casino control140 associated with the player of interest, already has the three random numbers since the master casino control received them from thecentral control150 and previously provided them to thisparticular casino control140. Similarly, the master casino control provided three random numbers, which are preferably different, to all other of its associated casino controls140, as well as having its own three random numbers, all of which are known to the master casino control and to thecentral control150. In one embodiment, thecentral control150 provides two additional or spare sets of three random numbers each to the master casino control for storage and possible later use.

Like theparticular casino control140 communicating with its associated table control(s)130, including the table control130 (such as table control1-130-1) having the player of interest, each of these other casino controls140, as well as thecasino control140 that is the designated master casino control, decrypts and converts the received three random numbers to three electronic cards. When theparticular casino control140 is theonly casino control140 in thesystem20 and therefore is the master casino control, the associated token detection apparatus120 (such as1-120-1), as well as all other token detection apparatuses120 (such as1-120-2 . . .1-120-n) in communication with the particular casino control140 (such as140-1), can be used in displaying or otherwise providing these electronic cards that are received from the particular casino control140 (such as140-1). As discussed later herein, eachtoken detection apparatus120 includes a progressive jackpot display that can include, or be associated with, a video monitor. If the particular casino control140-1 is not the master casino control, such displays/monitors of thetoken detection apparatuses120 in thesystem20, in communication with the master casino control, can also be used in displaying these electronic cards. If such cards are a match to one of the winning hands identified by an electronic cards-related payout chart, the one player wins the amount corresponding to the winning cards.

In the context of the “Match The Dealer®” game or feature that can be part of a Twenty-One or a “Spanish 21®” table game, basic steps or operations related to later use of electronic cards can be conducted. More specifically, a player can make a base game wager related to the outcome of a round of the particular casino game being played by that player, such as a wager related to playing Twenty-One or “Spanish 21®”, which outcome depends on the physical cards being dealt to the player and the game rules. The player can also make a bet involving the “Match The Dealer®” part of the Twenty-One or “Spanish 21®” game by placing a token on a bonus wager area, which is available for that player to use. The method of play involving the “Match The Dealer®” game is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,065. Basically to win the “Match The Dealer®” bet, one or both of the player's initial two cards must match, in one or both of rank and suit, the dealer's initial “up” card. The player can also place a progressive/fixed payout bet, related to the “Match The Dealer®” bet, by placing a token on a progressive/fixed payout wager area, which is available for that player to use.

For the progressive/fixed payout bet, the following table identifies, in one embodiment, each winning set of cards (player cards and dealer's “up” card) and its associated payout.

	Card Sets
	(Player Cards and Dealer “Up” Card)	Payouts
	2 Suited Kings (Spades)	Predetermined 1st% of
		Jackpot
	2 Suited Kings (Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs)	Predetermined 2nd% of
		Jackpot
	2 Suited Matches (Queens through 2s)	Predetermined 3rd% of
		Jackpot
	1 Suited and 1 Non-suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(Kings through 2s)	(Not paid from Jackpot)
	1 Suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(Kings through 2s)	(Not paid from Jackpot)
	2 Non-suited Matches	Fixed Amount
	(Kings through 2s)	(Not paid from Jackpot)
	1 Non-suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(Kings through 2s)	(Not paid from Jackpot)

Similar to the method of playing the “Match The Dealer®” game, a winning hand associated with the progressive/fixed payout bet is determined using the initial two cards dealt to the player and the initial “up” card dealt to the dealer. Consequently, any winning hand or set of player and dealer cards is determined before continuing play after such initial cards have been dealt. Dissimilar to the “Match The Dealer®” bet, for certain sets of cards (winning hands), such as noted in the payout table, the payouts for these winning hands are paid from a jackpot and are a percentage of the current jackpot. By way of example only, the predetermined jackpot first percentage might be 100%; the predetermined jackpot second percentage might be 10%; and the predetermined jackpot third percentage might also be 10%. Regarding the jackpot amount, the house or casino might seed the jackpot with a desirable or pre-established amount that contributes to the success of the progressive game, such as $1000 or more. This seed amount is used whenever the entire jackpot is paid out. The amount of the jackpot can increase using the amounts wagered by the players using their respective progressive/fixed payout wager areas. And, any such increase can include, or be based on (e.g. be a percentage or a fixed portion of), the progressive/fixed amount wagers made by the players that were not associated with winning hands, as well as such wagers that were associated with winning hands. Furthermore, any such increase can be based on progressive/fixed amount wagers placed at other tables110 in the same casino100 and/or such wagers placed at one or more other tables110 located at one or more other casinos100. With respect to payouts, as the above table/chart indicates, some of the payouts are a percentage of the jackpot, while other payouts are fixed amounts that are not paid from the jackpot. Consequently, whenever fixed amount payouts are made, the jackpot is not decreased by the amounts of the payouts. Fixed amount payouts that are made based on progressive/fixed amount wagers are typically substantially lower than payouts made for the “Match The Dealer®” bet. For example, these fixed amount payouts can be about 25% of the corresponding “Match The Dealer®” payouts.

In the case in which a player has a combination of three kings of spades (player's two kings of spades matches the dealer's one king of spades) after a progressive/fixed amount wager is made, not only is the winning player entitled to the amount set out in the above list or chart of card sets and payouts, the winning player, in a preferred embodiment, is also eligible to play another round using the electronic cards. Play involving the electronic cards has the potential for additional and high fixed payouts. This embodiment or option could be termed “Go For The Millions (GFTM)” and can be structured as follows: (a) a player must make a progressive/fixed amount wager (associated with a “Match The Dealer®” bet, for example) and then achieve a combination of three kings of spades winning set of cards (two kings of spades initially dealt to the player and one king of spades initially dealt to the dealer as the dealer's “up” card); and (b) that player, during a next round of play, must achieve another three kings of spades combination (or some other suited three card combination). If that happens the player wins a fixed payout in the millions, such as ten million dollars for a particular progressive/fixed amount wager, such as a $5 wager. As an additional option, that player, during such round of play, might also win by achieving another one or more winning hands, such as three kings of clubs, diamonds or hearts (each suited) combination. The fixed payout amounts in such instances would be less than the combination of three kings of spades payout, but still a substantial amount, such as five million dollars based on a $5 wager. As can be appreciated, there could be additional winning card sets with lesser corresponding payouts, such as card combinations/sets of: two suited queens matches, two suited jacks matches, two suited tens through twos matches etc. In conjunction with providing sets of random numbers to the one or more casino controls140, thecentral control150 can have and use random number generator means to properly generate random numbers. In the embodiment where three random numbers are initially provided to eachcasino control140 during setup or installation using a master casino control that receives them from thecentral control150, when the three random numbers are used by aparticular casino control140, which is the designated master casino control, it requests another three random numbers from thecentral control150. It then stores this requested set of three random numbers with its other two sets. Prior to such a request to thecentral control150, if the master casino control is not the particular casino control that used the three random numbers, then theparticular casino control140 receives from the master casino control one of its two sets of spare random numbers.

There can also be certain communications between the table controls130 and their associated casino controls140. Upon power being applied to atable control130, its associatedcasino control140 could download a player instructional/promotional video to thattable control130, if thattable control130 does not have the latest version. The program that runs thetable control130 could also be downloaded from thatcasino control140, if thetable control130 does not already have the latest version. Pay tables or charts related to use of one or both of physical and electronic cards could be downloaded, as well as one or more wager amounts that the player must make to be able to play one or more parts of the game (base game, side bet/bonus game portion and progressive/fixed amount game portion). Similarly, updates or other changes can be provided by the designated master casino control to any other casino controls140 at power up, or when the master casino control implements a change applicable to all casino controls140, including when one or more changes are provided to the master casino control by thecentral control150.

Thecentral control150 can also have other responsibilities involving eachcasino control140 related to play at the gaming tables110. In one embodiment, after each round of play, eachtable control130 can send the following to its associated casino control140: a table identifier associated with the table110 at which theparticular table control130 is used or found and the number of wagers at each such table110. If there is asingle casino control140 in thesystem20, thatcasino control140, functioning as a master casino control, can send such information to thecentral control150. When thesystem20 includes a plurality of casino controls140, eachcasino control140 sends such information to thatcasino control140 which is the designated master casino control. The master casino control combines such information for sending to thecentral control150. In addition to receiving such information, thecentral control150 keeps track of the number of random numbers currently stored at eachcasino control140, the actual numbers of such random numbers, and, for each actual number, when each was sent to eachcasino control140.

According to a preferred embodiment, thecentral control150 is located off site from each casino100 and it is owned, or otherwise controlled, by a third party, who does not own or control any casino100 and who is not affiliated with any such casino100 owner or controlling entity. This third party can receive information related to game play, such as the number of hands played, from each of the tables110 in thesystem20 using thecentral control150 and can use the same in its billing system for providing bills/invoices to the one or more owners and/or controlling entities of the casinos100 to determine the amount or fee that each casino should pay the third party for use of thesystem20. For example, a monthly fee due the third party could depend on the amount/degree of usage of game play at the tables110, with no amount due for a particular table110, if the game were not being played at that table110 for any and/or each predetermined time period. In addition to such invoices, the casino owner could receive game play information on a periodic basis by downloading the same using one or more of the casino controls140 and/or using thatcasino control140 which is the designated master casino control. The third party can also be responsible for any fixed amount payout made to a player for winning the GFTM round. The payout table associated with this GFTM play can be established by the third party, while the amounts paid based on the payout table associated with the progressive/fixed amount wager can be the responsibility of the casino owner or controlling entity. Even though such responsible entities can be different, the progressive/fixed amount wager, and payouts associated therewith, can be determined independently of the GFTM payouts. That is, the casino owner or its controlling entity can independently determine, and change, the amount of the progressive/fixed amount wager and/or the payouts associated therewith without directly taking into account the GFTM payouts to be paid by the third party; however, the periodic fee due the third party by this entity could change.

With reference toFIG. 2, atoken detection apparatus120 is next described using the token detection apparatus1-120-1 since allsuch apparatuses120 are the same. In addition to the table control1-130-1, the apparatus1-120-1 includes a plurality of sensor assemblies200 including sensor assemblies200-1,200-2 . . .200-n. In the preferred embodiment, these sensor assemblies200 are held or otherwise supported by one of the tables110, with the top portions of the sensor assemblies200 being substantially even with the top of the table110. Each sensor assembly200 is used in detecting whether or not a token or chip is present indicative of a particular bet being placed and such will be described in detail later herein. Each table110, such as table1-110-1, has a felt made with a top surface having typical or known gaming displays including a number of base game wager areas or sections230. The number of these corresponds to the number of sensor assemblies200 so that corresponding base game wager areas230-1,230-2 . . .230-nare provided. Each base game wager area230 can be used by the player to place a bet in that area related to the particular casino table game that is being played. For those games that include the “Match The Dealer” game or feature or some other side bet option, there are a number of bonus wager areas240-1,240-2 . . .240-n, which number ofsuch wager areas240 corresponds to the number of sensor assemblies200. A number of progressive/fixed payout wager areas orsections250 are also included. To make a progressive/fixed payout wager, the player places a token on the player's associated progressive/fixedpayout wager area250. In the preferred embodiment, thesewager areas250 are the same as, or defined by, the top portions of the sensor assemblies200 that are substantially level with the top of the table1-110-1. Like the base game wager areas230 and thebonus wager areas240, there are a number of progressive/fixed payout wager areas250-1,250-2 . . .250-n. The number of such wager areas250-1 . . .250-ncould be greater than the number of base game wager areas230 and/orbonus wager areas240. Each progressive/fixedpayout wager area250 can be used by a player associated with that particular area to make a progressive/fixed bet related to the particular table game being played.

Each of the sensor assemblies200-1,200-2 . . .200-ncan have the same components. In that regard, the sensor assembly200-1 is now described, with the understanding that the following descriptions can also apply to the sensor assemblies200-2 . . .200-n. The sensor assembly200-1 includes an emitter300-1 and a receiver310-1. The emitter300-1 outputs un-modulated light when turned on or energized. The receiver310-1 can receive returned un-modulated light, which is useful in determining when a token is present on the player's associated progressive/fixed payout wager area250-1, which is defined by the top portions of the sensor assembly200-1. Regarding these top portions and with reference to the exploded view ofFIG. 3 as well, the sensor assembly200-1 further includes a sensor housing320-1 that contains the emitter300-1 and the receiver310-1. The sensor housing320-1 comprises a container330-1 and a transparent cover340-1, which is removably joined to the container330-1. The top outer surface of the cover340-1 can constitute the progressive/fixed payout wager area250-1. That is, a progressive/fixed payout wager made by a player associated with that particular wager area250-1 places a token on the top outer surface of the cover340-1 so that, preferably, most portions of the token are located thereon. The container330-1 can be substantially cylindrical shaped, with a number of cut-outs360-1, such as three cut-outs360-1a,360-1b,360-1c, formed in a wall370 near the bottom thereof. These cut-outs360-1 are used in receiving mating pieces380-1a,380-1b,380-1cwhich are part of the cover340-1, and are used in removably joining the cover340-1 to the container330-1 by properly positioning the cover340-1 on the container330-1 and then rotating the cover340-1 relative to the container330-1. Held within the container330-1 is a support member390-1 having two elongated holes400-1,410-1. The elongated hole400-1 receives and is used in maintaining the emitter300-1 in a desired, aligned position within the sensor housing320-1. The elongated hole410-1 receives and is used in maintaining the receiver310-1 in a desired, aligned position within the sensor housing320-1. The support member390-1 is generally centrally located and extends essentially upwardly from the bottom of the container330-1. A printed circuit board420-1 is also located on the bottom of the container330-1. The circuit board420-1 has a number of sensor-related circuitry components including a connector or plug430-1 for use in communicating electrical signals from/to the board420-1. Sensor housing circuitry440-1, which is comprised of such components, is represented in a block found inFIG. 2, as well as in the circuit diagram ofFIG. 4. At least some of the components of the sensor housing circuitry440-1 are used in providing signals to be used in determining whether or not a token is present on the progressive/fixed payout wager area250-1, as will be discussed later herein.

In addition to the mating pieces380-1a,380-1b,380-1cand at least portions of its top, outer surface constituting the progressive/fixed payout wager area250-1, the cover340-1 also has a light path member450-1. This member450-1 can be formed integrally with the top, inner surface of the cover340-1. The light path member450-1 is generally conical shaped with a substantially flat base joined to the cover340-1 inner surface. The cone-shaped portions extend away from the cover340-1 inner surface so that, when the cover340-1 is joined to the container330-1, these portions are extending inwardly of the sensor housing320-1. The relatively more narrow portions including the tip of the light path member450-1 are located farther away from the cover340-1 inner surface than other portions of the light path member450-1. The light path member450-1 is used in controlling the path of light. More specifically, the light path member450-1 can direct or guide at least some of the light output by the emitter300-1 towards the progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1. Consequently, when a token is present thereon (i.e. on the top, outer surface of the cover340-1), such light will impinge on a desired portion of the inner surface of the cover340-1, over which cover340-1 at least some of the token is positioned. Due to the presence of the token and the transparent nature of the cover340-1, at least some of the light will be reflected thereby. Such reflection means that returned emitter light results from emitter light contacting the token. At least some of such light is affected or guided by the light path member450-1 in a way that returned emitter light is directed to the receiver310-1 to be detected using the same.

With regard to the emitter300-1 and the receiver310-1, in one embodiment, these are two separate elements and not part of a single or unitary light sensing component. The emitter300-1 can be a component available from Fairchild Semiconductor and identified as QED234. This is a light emitting diode that outputs un-modulated light in the infrared frequency range and has a peak emission wavelength of 940 nanometers (nm). It is classified as having high output power. In that regard, its maximum power dissipation is 200 milliwatts (mW). Its high output power aspect is important to ensure sufficient or adequate detection of returned emitter light when a token is present. Its medium emission angle is 40 degrees. The receiver310-1 can be a component from Vishay Semiconductors and which is identified as BPV11F. This is a phototransistor with high radiant sensitivity. It has a daylight blocking filter matched with 940 nm emitters, with the range of spectral bandwidth being 900-950 nms and having a wavelength of peak sensitivity of 930 nm. Its angle of half sensitivity is +/−15 degrees.

Further descriptions regarding the connections and communications involving the sensor housing circuitry440-1 and the emitter300-1 and receiver310-1 are provided with reference toFIG. 4. The sensor housing circuitry440-1 further includes a microcontroller500-1, a transistor switch510-1 and a collector resistor520-1. The emitter300-1 is connected to the microcontroller500-1 using the transistor switch510-1. The receiver310-1 is connected to the microcontroller500-1 using the junction defined by a collector resistor520-1 and the collector of the phototransistor/receiver310-1. The microcontroller500-1 is used in providing a light control signal to the emitter300-1 and is used in providing a light detection signal from the receiver310-1. These two generated signals have different signal paths that include the plug430-1. The electrical contacts of the plug430-1 are electrically connected to a cable530, as diagrammatically shown with reference toFIG. 2. The cable530 can preferably be a ribbon cable in which each single wire, or a pair of wires, thereof can carry or communicate a command, a data or another appropriate signal, such as the light control signal or the light detection signal. More specifically, the cable530 connects to the table control1-130-1 for use in controlling the operations and functions of the token detection apparatus1-120-1, including related to determinations concerning the presence or absence of a token on the progressive/fixed amount wager areas250-1 . . .250-n. The table control1-130-1 can be held using a housing having anouter panel610. Thepanel610 can be touch enabled and can be used in providing one or more inputs to the table control1-130-1. The housing, as an example, may be connected to the table1-110-1 using a table mounting and supporting structure so that the dealer or other operator, can readily access and use thepanel610. Thepanel610 may include a progressive/fixed amount input element620. This element620 is used by the operator or dealer in connection with initiating determinations related to whether or not one or more progressive/fixed amount wagers has been made for a particular round of game play. The element620 can be displayed on a screen of thepanel610 and activated by contact or touch. The table control1-130-1 is also used in controlling the content of a progressive jackpot display ormeter630. Thedisplay630 can visually indicate the current jackpot amount from which one or more winning sets of hands related to a progressive/fixed amount wager can be paid.

In addition to exercising its control related to the light control signal for use in turning on/off the emitter300-1 and the light detection signal indicative of the presence/absence of a token obtainable using the receiver310-1, the table control1-130-1 also communicates with a light array640-1 of the sensor circuitry, as conveyed byFIG. 2 and schematically illustrated inFIG. 4. Such communication relies on the electrical connection between multiplex circuitry644 (depicted inFIG. 2) and the cable530, together with the plug430-1, which is part of the sensor housing circuitry440-1. The multiplex circuitry644 is used in transferring separate, individual signals relative to each of the sensor assemblies200 associated with the table1-110-1 and the table control1-130-1. The light array640-1 is used in indicating whether or not a progressive/fixed amount wager was made by the player associated with the progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1 during a particular round of play. The light array640-1 is located adjacent to the progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1 and preferably surrounds this area. The light array640-1 can have a number of light emitting diodes (LEDs)650-1. When activated or turned on using the table control1-130-1, the LEDs650-1 can emit a pulsating or, alternatively, a continuous light indicating that a token is or was present on the progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1 for a particular round of play.

Generally, the table control1-130-1 can either send commands to the sensor assembly200-1 or receive data therefrom after sending a command for such data. The commands can relate to controlling the emitter300-1 and the light array640-1 and to obtaining data or information involving the receiver310-1. For such communications, any such command can include the identity of the sensor assembly200, such as the sensor assembly200-1 when the command is directed to it. The specific or particular type of command can also be provided by the table control1-130-1 using applicable software, with the command, for example, for activating the light array640-1 being different than the command for obtaining data related to the receiver310-1. In one embodiment, a command for obtaining data related to the receiver310-1 also results in the emitter300-1 being turned on, while a different command obtains data related to the receiver310-1 during a time when the emitter300-1 is off or de-activated. In a one embodiment, each sensor assembly200 is pre-programmed to have a particular identifier (e.g. using decimal15). Its associatedtable control130 controls or changes this identifier so that its identifier or identity is different from the identifiers of the other sensor assemblies200 used with that table110. Similarly, when a particular sensor assembly200 is replaced with a new sensor assembly200, the associatedtable control130 changes this pre-programmed identifier to the identifier of the sensor assembly200 it replaced. This process may be essentially automatic or semi-automatic.

Referring toFIG. 5, one embodiment of a casino table110, such as casino table1-110-1, is shown in an exploded view that illustrates a structure suited for incorporating a number of the sensor assemblies200. As depicted, there are six sensor assemblies200-1,200-2 . . .200-6 so that n=6, although the table1-110-1 could have fewer or more sensor assemblies200. In addition to the table felt220, the table1-110-1 includes a foam layer660 that underlies the felt220. The foam layer660 can have a number of cavities670, namely:670-1 . . .670-6, wherein the number of cavities670 corresponds to the number of sensor assemblies200 included with the table1-110-1. The foam layer660 is shaped so that its perimeter conforms to the top of a typical casino table, such as thetable top680. The foam layer660 has a desired thickness, which is related to the height of each sensor assembly200, particularly the height of thecontainer330. In that regard, the vertical extent or height of eachcontainer330 is essentially no greater than the depth of each cavity670. In one embodiment, the cavities670 extend completely through the foam layer660 so that their depths equal the foam layer thickness. When the sensor assemblies200 are properly positioned in the cavities670, the top surfaces of thecovers340 are located minimally above the level of the felt220. Contiguously adjacent to each cavity670 is a recess or channel690, and with ahead portion700 being contiguously adjacent to each recess690. Accordingly, recesses690-1 . . .690-6 are adjacent to cavities670-1 . . .670-6, respectively. And, head portions700-1 . . .700-6 are adjacent to recesses690-1 . . .690-6, respectively. The recesses690 are used to receive or hold certain sections of the ribbon cable530. That is, except for a last sensor assembly (such as sensor assembly200-6), which is the last one in the chain of sensor assemblies200 electrically interconnected by the cable530, there are tworibbon cable sections710 extending between each cable plug430-1 . . .430-6 and cable bentportions720. The cable bentportions720, as illustrated inFIG. 5, constitute certain portions of the cable530 that are bent or folded over so that these cable bentportions720 are created along the extent of the cable530 as it interconnects each of the six sensor assemblies200. The size and depth of eachhead portion700 is sufficient to contain or holdbent portions720. Similarly, the size and depth of each recess690 is sufficient to contain or hold twocable sections710, which sections substantially overlie each other. In one embodiment, the depth of the recesses690 is the same as the depth of thehead portions700, each of which depths is less than that of the cavities670. The size of thehead portions700 can be different than the size of the recesses690 to better accommodate the space taken up by thebent portions720. Such containment or storage of thesecable sections710 and cable bentportions720 achieves desirable and advantageous placement of the ribbon cable530 along the table1-110-1. With respect to the sensor assembly200-1, itssecond cable section710 can be extended to the table control1-130-1 for connection thereto and thereby complete electrical communications between each of the six sensor assemblies200 and the table control1-130-1.

Referring particularly toFIGS. 6A-6C, steps or stages, related to the method of game play or operations involving hardware and software of the present invention, are next discussed in the context of a single table1-110-1 located incasino 1100-1. With reference to block760, a round of game play can begin with players making their bets including any progressive/fixed amount wagers, which can be placed by one or more players on the top surfaces of the covers340 (progressive fixed/amount wager areas250) of their associated sensor assemblies200. An associated sensor assembly200 is located on the table1-110-1 near where the player is sitting or playing. In the embodiment ofFIG. 5, up to six players can play and make as many as six progressive/fixed amount wagers. Once the dealer determines that all bets that can be made have been made, as stated inblock770 ofFIG. 6A, the dealer then activates the progressive/fixed amount input element620, such as by contacting a button associated therewith on thepanel610. The table control1-130-1 responds to this activation or engagement by generating individual commands, separately and sequentially, to each of the sensor assemblies200-1 . . .200-nofFIG. 2, as conveyed in block780. These commands result in light control signals being generated. With respect toFIG. 4 and sensor assembly200-1, for example, a light control signal for this assembly200-1 is output by the microcontroller500-1 and is used in turning on the emitter300-1. As can be understood, such a command associated with the assembly identified as the sensor assembly200-1 is carried from the table control1-130-1 to the multiplex circuitry644 and then by the ribbon cable530 to the plug430-1 to be transmitted using the sensor housing circuitry440-1 to the emitter300-1. This process is repeated for each of the other sensor assemblies200-2 . . .200-nprovided with the table1-110-1.

Essentially simultaneously with turning on theemitters300, readings or determinations are initiated concerning whether or not any token is present on one or more or the progressive fixedamount wager areas250. Regarding that, with theemitters300 having been turned on, at least some un-modulated light output therefrom is directed or guided towards each of the progressive/fixedamount wager areas250, as noted by block790.

Referring to the sensor assembly200-1 andFIG. 3, the un-modulated light output by the emitter300-1 is directed using the conical-shaped light path member450-1 towards the progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1. In the case in which this wager area250-1 has a token placed thereon, returned emitter light results, as provided byblock800. As can be appreciated such returned emitter light results for each sensor assembly200 that has a token in a corresponding progressive/fixedamount wager area250. Conversely, no returned emitter light results from thoseareas250 that do not have a token. To provide adequate or sufficient returned emitter light indicative that a token is present, it is necessary that at least a majority of the token be in contact with the top of thecover340. If the token is only partially on acover340, inadequate returned emitter light might result, thereby leading to a false indication that no token is present.

As indicated by block810 for each progressive fixed/amount wager area250, such as progressive/fixed amount wager area250-1, having a token, at least some of the returned emitter light contacts the light path member450-1 and its shape or geometry causes returned emitter light to be directed towards the receiver310-1. The receiver310-1 captures at least portions of returned emitter light. Referring toFIG. 4 as well, when returned emitter light is present, the receiver310-1 outputs a light detection signal that is processed using the sensor housing circuitry440-1 including the microcontroller500-1 to provide a processed light detection signal or information to the plug430-1. The light detection information associated with the receiver310-1 is carried to the table control1-130-1 using the ribbon cable530 and the multiplex circuitry644. Similarly, light detection information for eachreceiver310 is sequentially sent by its associated sensor housing circuitry440 from its plug430 to the table control1-130-1 with which they communicate, as denoted inblock820.Block830 indicates that the appropriate or associatedtable control130, such as the table control1-130-1, determines whether or not a token is present for each progressive fixed/amount wager area250 using the associated light detection information. With respect to the progressive fixed/amount wager area250-1 and with a token present thereon, the table control1-130-1 uses the light detection information related to the receiver310-1, among other information, to determine the token's presence.

More specifically, the light detection information provided using the receiver310-1 in association with table game play includes: (a) the receiver310-1 value based on the infrared it receives when its associated emitter300-1 is on and (b) the receiver310-1 value based on the infrared it receives when its associated emitter300-1 is off. The on and off states of the emitter300-1 are caused to occur during a token detection process (casino table game play involving at least one player is occurring) using the associated table control1-130-1. From this information, a reflection magnitude can be defined or determined, namely: reflection magnitude=(a)−(b).

A token is present if the determined reflection magnitude is greater than a leakage value plus a detection threshold. The leakage value is a value determined during a calibration process, which typically occurs when casino table game play involving one or more players is not occurring. The leakage value is determined in the same manner as the reflection magnitude, except such determination or calculation is made during calibration and not during game play including not during a token detection process, and with no token being present. In particular, during the calibration process, the calibration leakage value=(c) the receiver310-1 value based on the infrared it receives when its associated emitter300-1 is on (no token being present)−(d) the receiver310-1 value based on the infrared it receives when its associated emitter300-1 is off (no token being present). The on and off states of the emitter300-1 can be caused to occur during the calibration process using the associated table control1-130-1.

The detection threshold magnitude depends on its predetermined zone or category. Three detection threshold zones can be defined/determined according to the invention. Each of the three zones depends on an ambient infrared value. The ambient infrared value associated with aparticular receiver310, such as the receiver310-1, is obtained during its calibration. The ambient infrared value=(d), i.e. the receiver310-1 value based on the infrared it receives when the associated emitter300-1 is off (obtained during the calibration process and when no token is present).

Additionally regarding the ambient infrared value, it can be defined as being associated with or part of a range of ambient infrared values. For example, a range of 0 (no ambient infrared)-255 (extremely bright ambient infrared) can be defined. Based on this range definition, areceiver310, such as the receiver310-1, does not sense or determine ambient infrared having a value greater than 255.

Additionally regarding the leakage value, it can be defined as having or being associated with a leakage value threshold. If the leakage value determined during the calibration process is greater than this threshold, the determination/conclusion may be reached that there is an object or item on acover340, such as the cover340-1, when such object should not be present or possibly the cover340-1 has too much dust or other unwanted or foreign particles and needs to be cleaned or replaced. According to one embodiment that leakage value threshold=70.

According to a more detailed embodiment, each detection threshold magnitude for the three zones can be provided as follows:

ambient infrared value <56 (low): detection threshold=14;

ambient infrared value >55 and <206 (medium): detection threshold=25;

ambient infrared value >205 (high): detection threshold=50

The defined or determined detection threshold magnitudes for the three zones were essentially empirically obtained or defined. It was observed that the greater the ambient infrared being present during the calibration process the lower the leakage value. To compensate for such if the ambient infrared were no longer present (turned off or reduced/blocked) and avoid possible false positives in the context of a token being detected when a token is not present, for a relatively greater ambient infrared value, the magnitude of the detection threshold is greater.

Although uncertain, one possible basis for a lower leakage value when the ambient infrared value is greater may be a function of the pigment in the associatedcover340, such as the cover340-1. Regardless, it can be that under relatively high ambient infrared conditions during calibration the leakage value may be under estimated in comparison with no ambient infrared conditions, which could cause false positives in the absence of a compensation factor, such as a higher detection threshold magnitude.

It should also be understood that the predetermined or fixed values or magnitudes that have been defined could be changed (e.g. by a system configuration operator) based on new or different material and/or germane data or other information being obtained. That is, one or more of the following could change: the detection threshold magnitudes for the different zones, the number of zones, the ranges of ambient infrared values for such zones, the ambient infrared range of values, and the leakage value threshold.

With reference next to block840 ofFIG. 6A, the table control1-130-1 uses the determinations it makes related to the light detection information provided by each sensor assembly200 and its associated progressive/fixedamount wager area250 to output a command or control signal to cause any and eachlight array640 associated with a sensor assembly200 that has a token to light. In the case of a token being present in connection with a progressive fixed/amount wager area250-1. Referring once again toFIGS. 2 and 4, such a control signal is carried from the table control1-130-1 using the multiplex circuitry644 and then by the cable530 to the plug430-1, where it is subsequently input to the microcontroller500-1. In response, the microcontroller500-1 outputs a signal that results in a ground applied to the light array640-1. Consequently, the LEDs of the light array640-1 are energized or lit by the power they then receive. As can be understood, for any sensor assembly200 not having a token associated therewith, a command or control signal can be generated using the table control1-130-1 so that its correspondinglight array640 is not energized. Parenthetically, in one embodiment, anylight array640 that was energized remains lit until there is a subsequent round of game play in which no token is present (no progressive fixed/amount wager is made). For example regarding the progressive fixed/amount wager area250-1 and with its associated light array640-1 being lit due to the presence of a token, the light array640-1 continues to be lit so long as a token is used to make a progressive/fixed amount wager. However, for any such subsequent round where there is no token present, the table control1-130-1 can send a command or control signal that causes the light array640-1 to turn off.

Referring now to block850 ofFIG. 6B and continuing the discussion related to a particular round of game play, in addition to making determinations using the light detection information that was provided using each of thereceivers310, the table control1-130-1 also controls the activation and de-activation of its associatedemitters300, as well as obtaining light detection information from its associatedreceivers310, using the microcontroller500-1. That is, a single command output by the table control1-130-1 to the microcontroller500-1 can result in turning on the associatedemitters300, obtaining the light detection information from the associatedreceivers310, and turning off the associatedemitters300. The single command is transmitted from the table control1-130-1, using the multiplex circuitry644 and the cable530, to the plug430-1 and subsequently to the microcontroller500-1.

Block860 concerns a next stage or steps taken by the dealer that occurs after any and each progressive/fixed amount wager has been made and indication thereof is provided using any and eachlight array640 being lit that has an associated token. In particular, the dealer picks up, slides or otherwise removes any and all tokens from the progressive/fixedamount wager areas250 on the table1-110-1 so thatsuch wager areas250 do not include any tokens.

After removal of the tokens, each of thelight arrays640, associated with sensor assemblies200 that detected the token, remains lit. As a consequence, a visual indication of such wagers having been made, based on the energizedlight arrays640, is provided to the dealer, players and game observers even when the wagered tokens are no longer present.

Table game play continues after any tokens used to make progressive/fixed amount wagers are removed, including dealing of cards to the players and the dealer, as indicated inblock870. In the case of blackjack or a variant thereof being played, and which includes the “Match The Dealer” feature or game, any progressive/fixed amount wager is made based thereon. Thus, as previously discussed, comparisons are made involving the cards of the dealer and each player who made one or both of a “Match The Dealer” wager and a progressive/fixed amount wager to determine whether their cards “match.” For any and each player who made one or both of such wagers and in which the set of cards (player and dealer cards) of any and each such player constitutes a winning set, such player(s) is(are) entitled to be paid the corresponding payout amount(s), as stated inblock880. That is, such a player might be paid based on one or both of the ancillary/side bet (e.g. “Match The Dealer” game wager) and/or the progressive/fixed amount wager, depending on which bets were made by such a player. Depending on the cards in the winning set, the payout amount is either to be paid using all or part of the current amount in the progressive jackpot (when a progressive/fixed amount wager was made and the progressive/fixed amount payout table indicates a progressive amount is to be paid) and/or using tokens or chips in the dealer chip tray (when a progressive/fixed amount wager was made and the progressive/fixed amount payout table indicates a fixed amount is to be paid and/or when a “Match The Dealer” wager was made and its associated payout table is used to determine the amount).

As stated inblock890 ofFIG. 6B, in the case in which a player has two suited kings of spades matches using physical cards (combination of player with two kings of spades and dealer with one king of spades), the player wins 100% of the progressive jackpot, which amount is currently shown on theprogressive jackpot display630. And, the player is eligible to play the next round (e.g., identified as “Go For The Millions”—GFTM) involving electronic cards, whereby the player has the opportunity to win a substantial amount without any further wager. More specifically, in connection with GFTM play, as further indicated byblock890, an authorized casino employee (e.g., dealer and/or pit boss) enters a first code using thepanel610, such as its touch screen, so that the first code is received by the table control1-130-1 at table1-110-1. Perblock900, the table control1-130-1 then sends an input to its associated casino control140-1, which instructs the casino control140-1 to reset the amount in each of its associated progressive jackpot displays630. If the casino control140-1 is not the master casino control, the casino control140-1 can send a signal instructing the master casino control to reset each of the progressive jackpot displays630 with which it is associated to the next progressive jackpot start amount. The master casino control can provide each of the other casino control(s)140, with which it is associated, with the new jackpot amount, as noted in block910. Eachcasino control140 can provide each of its associated table controls130 with the new jackpot amount. Eachsuch table control130 can control the new progressive jackpot amount to be immediately displayed using each associatedprogressive jackpot display630 and/or using an associated or connected video monitor viewable by all players and observers. Essentially immediately after the first code is input, thepanel610 is also used to enter or input the name of the winning player. His/her name is received by the table control1-130-1, as conveyed byblock920 ofFIG. 6B. The table control130-1 can signal or notify its associated casino control140-1 that the named player is to be playing the GFTM round. If the casino control140-1 is not the master casino control, the casino control140-1 can provide such information to thecasino control140 that is the master casino control.

According to one embodiment, after thecasino control140 that is the master casino control receives the identity of the named or winning player such master casino control can provide a second code to thepanel610 using the table control1-130-1. That is, in addition to thepanel610 serving as a device for inputting the first code and for inputting the name of the winning player, it also can be used to output the second code related to associating or correlating information related to winning at least some percentage (e.g. 10% or 100%) of the progressive jackpot. More specifically, the second code is output/displayed using thepanel610 and can be used to correlate information, such as a photo of the named or jackpot winning player, with the jackpot amount that was won. With regard to using the second code, a separate device could be utilized for inputting the second code, along with a photo of the winning player. This separate device can be a tablet computer owned or possessed by the casino. The second code can be input to this tablet computer by an authorized casino employee. The player's photo can also be input to the tablet computer. In one embodiment, the photo is entered by the winning player using the tablet computer, with the photo being taken (e.g. “selfie”) using a camera application on the tablet computer. This obtained photo is sent to and ultimately received by thecentral control150, such as by using a mail server.

Reference is again made to block920 related to steps occurring after the player name was communicated by the table control1-130-1 to the master casino control. In particular, the master casino control can send the player name and the three encrypted random numbers, which it already has since it provided those random numbers to the casino control140-1, to all other casino controls140 (if there are any). As indicated inblock930, eachcasino control140 can decrypt the three encrypted random numbers, determine which three cards such random numbers represent and algorithmically determine the order in which the three electronic cards are to be displayed, which order can relate to generating desired player excitement. Eachcasino control140 can send the player name, together with (in one embodiment) the player's photo having received it from thecentral control150, and the three electronic cards in the order in which they are to be displayed to all their associated table controls130 in that casino100, such as casino one100-1. Eachtable control130 can control a display, as stated in block940 ofFIG. 6B, of the player name, the player's photo (in one embodiment), as well as the three electronic cards using its associatedprogressive jackpot display630 and/or using the associated video monitor provided at each table110. Consequently, when the player is playing the GFTM round, such play that includes the dealing/providing the electronic cards is displayable in at least substantially real time and can be viewed using all such displays630 (and/or using all such monitors). Additionally, the player's name and/or photo might be viewable during such (TIM play and the winning amount could be similarly displayed if the player wins the GFTM. That is, the winning amount could be provided on all progressive jackpot displays630 and/or the associated video monitors for each applicable casino, such as casino one100-1, as set out in block950 ofFIG. 6C.

Such displays can also be shown using other casino controls140 and/or the master casino control associated with one or more other casinos100, where such other casinos100 are commonly owned, controlled or otherwise are part of a common network of casinos100. With respect to replacing the three random numbers that were used by the casino control140-1, it (or the master casino control if the casino control140-1 is not the master casino control) sends a request to thecentral control150 for another three encrypted random numbers. These new random numbers are generated using thecentral control150 and sent to either the casino control140-1, if it is the master casino control, or anothercasino control140 that is the master casino control, and with any such master casino control storing the new random numbers for possible use later. At some time prior to such a request, the master casino control can send one of its two spare sets of three random numbers to the casino control140-1, if the casino control140-1 is not the master casino control, so that the casino control140-1 again has three random numbers for possible use. Preferably, these three random numbers are sent by the master casino control about the time that it received the name of the player, who is to play the GFTM round, from the casino control140-1.

Continued table game play also involves determinations and any payout(s) for each and any player who made a side bet or bonus wager, e.g. a “Match The Dealer” wager (block960). Any such payout is based on the bonus wager rules, such as the rules for the “Match The Dealer” game. Unlike the progressive/fixed amount wager, any and all bonus wager payouts are made using the tokens in the dealer tray. Before each, if any, bonus wager payout is paid, the dealer removes any non-winning bonus (e.g. “Match The Dealer”) wagers. This round of game play with physical cards further continues in accordance with the rules of blackjack or the blackjack variant game, with each of the player(s) and dealer possibly being dealt one or more additional cards. After all cards have been dealt, the dealer determines any and each winning hand associated with the base game wagers made by the players. Payouts are made for such base game winning hands, as noted inblock970. Non-winning base wagers are removed by the dealer. A next round of game play, as indicated byblock980 ofFIG. 6C, can start, such as starting withblock760 and continuing with the stages or steps previously described.

The immediately above descriptions have focused on method of play using a single table1-110-1 having a number of sensor assemblies200 and a corresponding number of progressive/fixedamount wager areas250. As disclosed byFIG. 1, the inventive structures and methodologies are scalable to any number of tables110 so that the progressive jackpot amount can depend on game play at more than one table1-110-1, including tables1-110-2 . . . n-110-n. Alternatively, the progressive jackpot amount could also depend on play at tables2-110-1 . . .2-110-nofcasino 2100-2, which gaming tables could be located in a different, but commonly owned casino100-2, as well as depend on play at tables1-110-2 . . .1-110-n. Therefore, the amount in the progressive jackpot could be substantial, and the possible winning amount(s) much higher, since the jackpot amount is a function of play at a substantial number of tables110, all of which are part of thesystem20.

Furthermore, GFTM play has been described hereinabove in connection with two kings of spades matches. Alternative embodiments or variants could include: (i) a GFTM round occurring when there is any double suited kings matches (not only kings of spades) so that double suited matches of each of kings of diamonds, hearts and clubs would result in a GFTM round of play; (ii) a GFTM round occurring when there is two suited matches of any face card; or (iii) a GFTM round occurring when there is two suited matches of any face card as well as aces. Additional variants that result in a GFTM round of play could also be devised, for example, based on the desires/instructions of a particular casino or casinos.

As summary and/or outline information related to one or morepossible system20 component functions and communications, the following is also provided:

1. Central control (150)—receives winning information (e.g., amount won, winning player's name) from master casino control140-n).

controls generation of random numbers for use in providing electronic (virtual) cards for sending to one or more master casino controls and maintains list of all random numbers, as well as the one or more master casino controls and casino controls (non-master) they are assigned to.

stores information about every bet (wager amounts and rounds), together with progressive and GFTM payouts, as reported by each master casino control by table and by date.

sends winning information to any other master casino control (not associated with the particular winning information).

sends software updates to each master casino control.

2. Master casino control (140-n)—connects to/communicates with the central control (150).

used to control any changes to gaming-related parameters, such as:

a. initial seed amount

b. reseed target or amount

c. two (2) suited king of spades matches GFTM amount (e.g.$10,000,000)

d. codes to be entered by authorized personnel

e. future percentage of bet being made that is to be used to increase the progressive jackpot amount.

stores and relays tocentral control150 information about bets (wager amounts and rounds), together with progressive and GFTM payouts by table and date.

receives the winning information from theparticular table control130 associated with the winning player.

sends the winning information to each connected casino control140 (non-master).

sends the winning information to eachconnected table control130 which is not the particular table control.

sends the winning information to thecentral control150.

sends software updates to all casino controls140 (non-master) and eachconnected table control130.

relays current progressive jackpot amount to each casino control140 (non-master) and to eachconnected table control130.

sends information about parameters (e.g., bet per hand, progressive amount, etc.) to each casino control140 (non-master) and eachconnected table control130.

3. Casino control140 (non-master)—connects to/communicates with master casino control140-n.

stores and relays to master casino control140-ninformation related to each bet, as well each progressive and GFTM payout.

receives the winning information from its associated or connected master casino control140-n.

sends the winning information to each associated or connectedtable control130.

relays current GFTM information to each associated or connectedtable control130.

relays software updates to each associated or connectedtable control130.

relays current progressive jackpot amount to each associated or connectedtable control130.

4.Table control130—connects to/communicates with acasino control140, which could be a master casino control140-nor a casino control140 (non-master) and connects to/communicates with its associatedprogressive jackpot display630 and/or associated video monitor/screen.

allows for tests and desired configurations to be implemented/used related to components provided with its associated gaming table110

controls game play, including:

a. senses betting tokens or chips on a particular sensor assembly200

b. controls on/off for associated light array(s)640

c. controls entry of codes related to winning information

d. provides codes for use by the tablet computer including its camera application to enable proper inputting of winning information into the tablet computer

e. sends information related to bets made to its associated orconnected casino control140

f. receives the winning information from its associated or connected casino control140 (master or non-master)

g. displays the winning information using theprogressive jackpot display630 and/or associated video monitor/screen and

h. relays the current progressive jackpot amount to the associatedprogressive jackpot display630 and/or associated video monitor/screen.

With reference toFIG. 7, asystem1000 is illustrated associated with asingle casino1100, whichsingle casino1100 has substantially equivalent components, operations and functions to each casino100 of theFIG. 1system20, including thetoken detection apparatus120 ofFIGS. 1 and 2. The contents ofFIG. 7 are described below mainly in the context of certain differences between these twosystems20,1000. Like thesystem20, thesystem1000 has at least onecasino1100. Thecasino1100 can include a number of gaming tables1110, such as tables1110-1 . . .1110-nat which the same or different casino table games can be played. The table games that are playable can include the same card games that can be played on the tables110 ofsystem20.

As seen inFIG. 7, thesystem1000 having thesingle casino1100 also includes a number of token detection apparatuses1120, including token detection apparatuses1120-1 . . .1120-n. Each token detection apparatus1120 includes a table control1130, which is equivalent or comparable to the table controls130 ofFIG. 1. Each table1110 has or is associated with one table control1130, such as table1110-1 having table control1130-1 and table1110-nbeing associated with table control1130-n. In one embodiment, essentially commonly located (one particular pit of the casino1100) tables1110 could have their associated table controls1130 electrically interconnected using a switch (not shown). Such a switch could be commercially available product or device, with one such switch being identified as NetGear Switch GS205. Similar to theprogressive jackpot display630 shown inFIG. 2, thesystem1000 can have a plurality ofdisplays1134. Each gaming table1110-1 . . .1110-ncan have a display1134-1 . . .1134-n, respectively. Eachdisplay1134 is electrically connected to its associated table control1130, including display1134-1 being connected to table control1130-1 and display1134-nbeing connected to table control1130-n. Like theprogressive jackpot display630, eachdisplay1134 can be used to provide game information including a current progressive jackpot amount when the gaming tables1110 are being used to play card games having one or more progressive jackpots, such as described hereinabove, including the descriptions associated withFIGS. 1 through 6C.

Signals having data or other information can be sent from each table control1130 and ultimately received by a master casino control1140 (including possibly using one or more of the above-identified switch), whichmaster casino control1140 is equivalent or comparable to the master casino control140-nofFIG. 1. Regarding the embodiment ofFIG. 7, themaster casino control1140 is provided or contained on the same physical board as acentral control1150. Both themaster casino control1140 and thecentral control1150 are located at thecasino1100, unlike theFIG. 1system20 in which thecentral control150 is located remotely from the casino100-nand remotely from the master casino control140-n. However, thecentral control1150 is equivalent or comparable to thecentral control150 at least in operations and functions. Related to that, any communications, as well the processes for enabling such communications, between themaster casino control1140 and thecentral control1150 can be equivalent or comparable to those made between themaster casino control140 and thecentral control150 ofFIG. 1.

TheFIG. 7 embodiment can further include a communications control1160, which can also communicate with themaster casino control1140 through or using thecentral control1150, and provides certain functions associated with an intermediate device. That is, because the communications control1160 can be an intermediate device, it can be used in determining or otherwise controlling information/signal passage between or among the devices/apparatuses connected to its ports. In one embodiment, the communications control1160 can be a commercially available device identified as a Raspberry Pi computer. In one variant of thesystem1000, the communications control1160 has sufficient ports to manage all signals/information that it receives and sends. The table controls1130,master casino control1140,central control1150 and communications control1160 can be identified collectively as being included in, or part of, one or a first communications network1164, which network1164 is not a public network.

Another difference not disclosed in thesystem20 relates to the inclusion and use of amail server1168 in theFIG. 7 embodiment. Themail server1168 manages or otherwise handles those email messages it receives and sends using, for example, SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol). Themail server1168 can also be operably connected to the communications control1160. It can communicate email with the communications control1160, such as one or more email messages that themail server1168 may receive from a portable computer1172 (e.g. tablet, smart phone or some other portable smart device), which includes acamera1176. Themail server1168 is also operably connected to the Internet1178 so that email communications can occur using the Internet1178 between themail server1168 and asystem owner control1180. Thesystem owner control1180 can include a relatively small computer and is located remotely from themaster casino control1140, thecentral control1150 and the communications control1160. Thesystem owner control1180 is able to receive messages, data or other information received by themaster casino control1140, and then sent to thecentral control1150 by it, via email communications using themail server1168 and the communications control1160. Thesystem owner control1180, as well as themail server1168 and theportable computer1172, are not part of the first communications network1164. One of the functions of the communications control1160 as an intermediate device can be to isolate the first communications network1164, including its components or sub-systems, from any other network whereby communication transfers relative to the first communications network1164 are properly and effectively controlled by the communications control1160.

According to one embodiment, instead of using thecentral control150, thesystem owner control1180 can be used to store generated random data bits. These random bits can be generated using an appropriate or generally accepted and known random number generator that can be located remotely from anycasino1100. Thesystem owner control1180 can be in communication with non-volatile memory that stores such random data bits according to a desired arrangement. These same random data bits are also copied and stored in a memory in communication with themaster casino control1140, usually when themaster casino control1140 is installed in the casino, whereby these random data bits are stored in that memory according to the same desired arrangement as used in storing them using the memory accessible by thesystem owner control1180. The number of stored random data bits is substantial so that such stored bits can be accessed by themaster casino control1140 multiple times to generate needed electronic cards. When a set of electronic cards (e.g. three electronic cards) are required for use by one or more table controls1130-1 . . .1130-nassociated with themaster casino control1140, themaster casino control1140 converts or otherwise determines each electronic card of the set of electronic cards using a desired number of such random data bits. After determining the electronic cards, themaster casino control1140 sends the set of electronic cards to its associated table control1130 that is then having an event which is to use these electronic cards. As also subsequently described, the event could be identified as “MEGA MATCH” or some other proprietary identifier whereby a player can possibly win an additional prize or amount while no additional wager is required.

With regard to storing the same random data bits (which can initially be stored as a string of a substantial number of bits—in the range of gigabytes) on both the memory in communication with themaster casino control1140 and the memory in communication with thesystem owner control1180, such a copying of random data bits allows for a validation to be made by thesystem1000 owner. For example, such validation can mean that each set (e.g. three) of generated electronic cards is the set of electronic cards that should have been generated by themaster casino control1140. This validation is intended to avoid event cheating or fraud. More specifically, thesystem owner control1180 can generate the electronic cards using the same number of random data bits and process utilized by themaster casino control1140. A comparison could be made using the selected number of random data bits (or electronic cards) used by themaster casino control1140 and also using the selected number of random data bits using thesystem owner control1180 that should have been utilized by themaster casino control1140. If such a comparison provides a difference, cheating or a fraud may have occurred and any event payout associated therewith could be rendered suspect or voidable.

Another safeguard against possible cheating and/or fraud can be a requirement that only themaster casino control1140, not non-master casino controls, if any, stores the random data bits. This means that no non-master casino control is able to be used to possibly find out or determine (if it were “hacked” or otherwise compromised) the next set of electronic cards that are to be generated.

Regarding certain operations and functions of thesystem1000, these can include differences from that previously described in connection with.FIGS. 1 through 6C associated withsystem20. When a casino card game is played with a progressive jackpot feature, it can be advantageous for the game-providing parties (e.g. casino owner and/orthird party system1000 owner) to be able to have and analyze data and other information related to game play. According to a representative example associated with obtaining possibly useful information, a progressive jackpot win at table1110-1 can cause an authorized employee of thecasino1100 to input a code using the table control1130-1, which code indicates a progressive jackpot win. The inputted code is output by the table control1130-1 and sent to themaster casino control1140 using the first communications network1164. This received code notifies themaster casino control1140 of the jackpot payout. Themaster casino control1140 can store the time that the code information was received by it using amaster casino control1140 internal clock. This time associated with such a payout can be output (immediately or later) by themaster casino control1140 to the communications control1160 using thecentral control1150. This time information, whether considered proprietary or not, can be controllably output including being encrypted by the communications control1160. This encrypted information is sent to themail server1168. Themail server1168 can send such information as an email message using the Internet1178 to thesystem owner control1180 for use or analysis, if any, at an appropriate time by the recipient at thesystem owner control1180, after it decrypts the same. Related to such possible analysis or other use by thesystem owner control1180 and as discussed previously, another part of the game can include an event (e.g. identified previously as GFTM, but could be identified as “MEGA MATCH” or by some other game-related/event identifier) in which the winning progressive player has the chance to win an additional payout. As explained before, this time that was obtained can be one factor used in determining the electronic cards that should be used in playing the event, which is subsequent to the progressive jackpot win. Continuing with the foregoing representative example in the context of such time information, thesystem owner control1180 could verify whether or not the electronic cards provided by themaster casino control1140 to the table control1130-1 correspond to/match those cards that thesystem owner control1180 determines (or could determine) should have been used at that time by that table control1130-1 in playing the event. If correspondence is lacking, the conclusion is reached that possible cheating or fraud was involved and any event payout might be voided.

Additional information that could be beneficial for analysis or other use, such as by using thesystem owner control1180, includes data associated with or from each sensor assembly, such as a sensor assembly200 illustrated inFIG. 2, which is located at each table1110 and is part of each token detection apparatus1120. This data can include usage counts that provide the number of times that each sensor assembly at each table1110 was activated or used during a desired or predetermined time period (e.g. a month), including used to place a progressive bet. Such information could be a check on whether a particular gaming table1110 having that sensor assembly is being used during that period. Based on sensor usage counts, the amounts of wagers made could also be obtained. Similar to the time information related to events, sensor usage information output from the table controls1130 (input to them by their associated sensor assemblies) can be received by themaster casino control1140. Based on theFIG. 7 embodiment, such information can be sent (on a periodic basis, such as daily) to the communications control1160 using thecentral control1150, which communications control1160 is able to controllably output the same as encrypted information to themail server1168. Themail server1168 can generate an email message that includes such encrypted sensor count information and output it to thesystem owner control1180 on a periodic basis (e.g. daily) using the Internet1178.

Error messages or error-related data could also be provided using the same or highly similar communication paths so that authorized persons have access to such information and can take appropriate measures in order to ensure proper functioning and reliability of thesystem1000. That is, such error information could also ultimately be received by the communications control1160 and could be encrypted using it. The error information can then be transmitted to themail server1168, which can send the same using the Internet1178 to thesystem owner control1180 for decryption. Such error information could be sent so that it reaches thesystem owner control1180 immediately after generation or occurrence. Such information could also be part of a daily report received by thesystem owner control1180.

Another type of information that might be sent using thesystem1000 involves use of themail server1168 and theportable computer1172. When a player wins the progressive jackpot, the player then plays the identified (GFTM, MEGA MATCH, other) event. The process associated with the event can include a photo or picture of the player who is about to play the event. The picture can be obtained using thecamera1176 in theportable computer1172 and could be taken by an appropriate casino employee or perhaps the player herself/himself. The picture taking process includes inputting to theportable computer1172 the same code that was provided using the table control1130 via themaster casino control1140 when the progressive was hit/won by the player. This picture or image can be sent (e.g., utilizing Wi-Fi, a cellular network or some other network associated with the casino1100) as a jpg from theportable computer1172 to themail server1168 using SMTP. The communications control1160 can be sent and then receive the emailed image including its associated code (e.g. the image file name associated with that picture) when it queries themail server1168, which it does on a periodic basis. Such an image or picture could be retrieved using POP3 (Post Office Protocol V3). Upon receipt by the communications control1160, the image can be transmitted to themaster casino control1140 through thecentral control1150. After being received by themaster casino control1140, such image information could then be transmitted to each of the table controls1130. Each table control1130-1 . . .1130-ncould send the image information to its respective display1134-1 . . .1134-nso that eachdisplay1134 associated with each table1110 in thesystem1000 is able to display that player picture or other image. Such a picture on eachdisplay1134 for viewing by other gaming players or observers can generate excitement about the event and the player who will be playing the event, including the player's chance to win an additional amount.

Based on the foregoing examples of system data or other information that can be communicated using thesystem1000, it is seen that the communication or flow of the information passes through the communications control1160, either from or to themaster casino control1140 using thecentral control1150. Although not a configuration of the described embodiment, it should be appreciated that the communications control1160 could also be directly electrically connected to the table controls1130, as is themaster casino control1140 and thecentral control1150. Furthermore, besides the security protection provided by the communications control1160, themail server1168 could be part of a network that provides additional security protection, such as using a firewall between it and the Internet1178. Themail server1168 can be a mail server that is used by thecasino1100.

The system ofFIG. 7, as well as that ofFIG. 1, could also be used in conjunction with a different progressive/fixed amount payout table than that previously described which different table is based on use of “Aces”, instead of “Kings”, namely:

Card Sets
(Player Cards, Dealer “Up” Card)	Payouts
2 Suited Aces (Spades)	Predetermined 1stJackpot %
2 Suited Matches (all other cards)	Predetermined 2ndJackpot %
1 Suited and 1 Non-suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(can be paid or not paid
	from Jackpot)
1 Suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(can be paid or not paid
	from Jackpot)
2 Non-suited Matches	Fixed Amount
	(can be paid or not paid
	from Jackpot)
1 Non-suited Match	Fixed Amount
	(can be paid or not paid
	from Jackpot)

Basic steps or stages associated with card game play using this progressive/fixed amount payout table are conveyed by the flow diagram ofFIG. 8, together with descriptions involvingFIG. 7, although such can also be applied to the embodiment or teachings associated withFIG. 1. Such steps/stages are the same or comparable to those described or identified by blocks760-880 ofFIGS. 6A-6C (as noted usingblock1210 ofFIG. 8), and with additional or different steps or stages also being provided inFIG. 8.

As indicated by block1220 ofFIG. 8, after determinations are made regarding “matches,” each player having any such match is paid based on the appropriate payout table, such as using the side bet payout table (e.g. “Match The Dealer®” payout table, which can be the payout table used in the prior art “Match The Dealer®” game or feature) and/or using the above progressive/fixed amount payout table.

Referring next to block1230, if a player winning the progressive jackpot has any two suited matches, that player can next play the MEGA MATCH event, without making or having made any additional or other wager. Asblock1230 further indicates, a first code is entered to initiate this event play and received by the table control1130-1 associated with the table1110-1 at which the winning player is playing. The value or designator associated with the first code is a function of the jackpot amount won by the winning player. For example, if the amount won is 100% of the jackpot, the first code is associated with a first designator and for winning 10% of the jackpot the first code is associated with a second designator. Because of the progressive jackpot win, themaster casino control1140 associated with this table1110-1 resets the amount in each of its associated progressive jackpot displays, conveyed by block1240. Themaster casino control1140 also controls resetting other progressive jackpot displays using all other associated casino controls, if any (block1240 as well).

In accordance withblock1250, the name and photo (optional) of the player playing the MEGA MATCH event can be obtained. If a photo is provided using thecamera1176, a second code is also entered using theportable computer1172, such as a smart phone. The second code can be at least part of a file name for the photo and could be useful in correlating the obtained photo with the winning player's name.

As noted by block1260, themaster casino control1140 determines the three electronic cards, which comprise the cards to be played during the MEGA MATCH event, using the previously stored random data bits. These random bits were stored in the memory in communication with themaster casino control1140 when themaster casino control1140 was first installed or set up in thecasino1100. This memory could be provided on the same board as themaster casino control1140.

As part of the bit converting or electronic cards determining process involving block1260, themaster casino control1140 can use predetermined variables, factors and/or other information with one or more algorithms in making such a determination. These factors or variables might relate to one or more of the following: the time the event occurred, the name of the player playing the event, and the payout amount that was won as a result of a successful wager that led to the event, such as a progressive wager win causing the player to be eligible to play the event. The time could be obtained using an internal clock of themaster casino control1140, which obtained time is based on receipt by themaster casino control1140 of a trigger input. The trigger input can be generated when a code is entered by an authorized casino employee, using a panel of the table control1130, which is associated with the event. In addition to the code, the name of the event player can also be provided. The code can act as an indicator that a successful wager (e.g. progressive wager) was made and the next steps of game play involve playing the event by the winning player. Regarding the payout amount factor or variable, such can be obtained by themaster casino control1140 using amount information associated with a pertinentprogressive jackpot display1134.

In one embodiment, the process for converting random data bits to electronic cards can include the following primary steps or stages: (1) after selecting the desired number of random data bits (e,g, less than twenty (20) bits) from the memory that stored them during installation, the master casino control1140 executes a computer program or algorithm(s) to reduce those selected random data bits based on the total value of the progressive jackpot, which is stored as a sixty-four (64) bit integer in cents; (2) the program/algorithm(s) then calculates a mask to modify these reduced-in-number random data bits, with the mask being based on the time that an event indication/message is received by the master casino control1140 from the particular table control1130 experiencing the event, and with such time being related to the month, day, hour and minute when the message was received, plus the mask also being based on the lower/least significant eight bits of the total progressive jackpot amount; (3) if the value calculated (result from bits being modified using mask) has been marked as used (e.g. “10” cards for the Spanish 21® card game or a card that is not within the range of cards to be determined), that value is discarded/ignored and another calculation is made (rejection sampling) until an acceptable value is calculated; and (4) modulo and integer-only division operations are then conducted on or using the mask-modified random data bits to calculate or obtain rank and suit information associated with a particular electronic/virtual card.

Referring to the above steps/stage (1) of this embodiment, the reduction of such data bits can be accomplished using bits9-11 of the 64-bit integer to determine the number of bits to remove, which number of removed bits is in the range of 0-7 bits. With respect to performing another calculation noted in steps/stage (3), such another calculation involves selecting another desired number of randomly generated data bits from memory (e.g. the same number of bits but located in memory immediately and sequentially after the initially selected desired number of random data bits) and using those bits in conjunction with stages/steps (1) and (2). Regarding modulo and integer-only division operations of steps/stage (4), two successive operations can be utilized. The first modulo operation (remainder from division by 52) results in selection of one card in a deck. The second modulo operation (remainder from division by 13) performed on the result (remainder) from the first modulo operation results in determining the rank of the selected card. Regarding the integer-only division operation, the result (remainder) from the first modulo operation is divided by four (4) to determine the suit of the selected card. Only the whole number is used from this division, while any fractional part is ignored or discarded. Thus, the rank and suit of one electronic or virtual card is determined and each additional electronic card can be determined in the same way.

The program/algorithm(s) enable verifiable results to be achieved using randomly generated data bits, while preventing any prediction related to the electronic cards that will be selected/determined next. Consequently, such results are reproducible; however, they are not calculable in advance.

Atblock1270 ofFIG. 8, the name of the player who is playing the MEGA MATCH event, that player's photo (if available), the winning progressive amount, and the three electronic cards can be provided at each table1110 by themaster casino control1140 using each associatedprogressive jackpot display1134 and/or each associated video screen/monitor. That is, such information is displayed using all display equipment under control of themaster casino control1140 so that viewers near all tables under its control have the opportunity to view or witness the MEGA MATCH event. Such viewable information at tables1110 other than the table1110-1 at which the MEGA MATCH event is occurring does not cause current play at those tables to be discontinued, as also indicated byblock1270.

If and when the player wins the MEGA MATCH event, the winning amount can also be displayed at each such table1110, as conveyed byblock1280. Lastly referring to block1290, once this MEGA MATCH event is finished, the next round of game play with physical cards can be played, with another possibility for a player to win the current progressive jackpot and to possibly be entitled to play the MEGA MATCH event.

The foregoing discussion has been presented to illustrate and describe certain embodiments of the invention. Further, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein, as the inventive features might be used in online applications based on the disclosed systems and/or methods of operation and/or play. Consequently, further variations and modifications commensurate with the above teachings, within the skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain the best modes presently known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the same as such, or in other embodiments, and with the various modifications required by their particular application or uses of the invention. It is also intended that the claims be construed to include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted by the prior art.

Claims (16)

What is claimed is:

1. A token detection apparatus for use in detecting a casino game token, comprising:

sensor housing;

an emitter located in said sensor housing that outputs light when activated;

a receiver located in said sensor housing that receives returned light when the token is present; and

sensor housing circuitry in communication with said emitter and said receiver for use in controlling activation of said emitter and for providing an output indicating whether said returned light is present;

wherein said first token detection apparatus utilizes a reflection magnitude in sensing that the token is present, and in which said reflection magnitude is the difference between a light-related value that is associated with said receiver when said emitter is on and a light-related value that is associated with said receiver when said emitter is off.

2. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein said token detection apparatus utilizes at least a first ambient infrared value that is a value obtained during a calibration process using said receiver when no token is present and said emitter is off.

3. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 2 wherein said token detection apparatus utilizes a leakage value that is a value obtained during the calibration process using a difference between a light-related value obtained using said receiver when said emitter is on and a light-related value obtained using said receiver when said emitter is off.

4. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 3 wherein said token detection apparatus utilizes at least a first detection threshold that is a predetermined magnitude and depends on said first ambient infrared value, with the token being sensed as present when said reflection magnitude is greater than a sum of said leakage value and said first detection threshold.

5. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein said light output by said emitter is un-modulated light and said returned light is un-modulated returned light when received by said receiver.

6. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein said sensor housing includes a container and a cover that has a light path member for guiding said light and said returned light, said light path member is disposed on an inward side of said cover when said cover is joined to said container, and in which said light path member has a substantially conical shape with a tip thereof being located more inwardly than other portions thereof when said cover is joined to said container.

7. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 1 further including a table control in communication with a master casino control, with said master casino control obtaining a number of a plurality of random data bits and converting at least some of said number of random data bits to at least a first electronic card using at least a first variable associated with time information, said time information being related to when at least a portion of a progressive jackpot is won by a first player.

8. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 7 wherein said master casino control converts said some of said number of random bits to said first electronic card using also a second variable related to an amount that is at least a portion of a progressive jackpot amount.

9. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 7 wherein said plurality of random data bits is generated using a random number generator, said plurality of random data bits being stored using a first memory in communication with said master casino control, said plurality of random data bits also being stored using a second memory in communication with a system owner control.

10. A token detection apparatus for use in detecting a casino game token, comprising:

sensor housing;

an emitter located in said sensor housing that outputs light when activated;

a receiver located in said sensor housing that receives returned light when the token is present; and

sensor housing circuitry in communication with said emitter and said receiver for use in controlling activation of said emitter and for providing an output indicating whether said returned light is present;

wherein said token detection apparatus in sensing whether the token is present utilizes at least a detection threshold having a magnitude that depends on an ambient infrared value, with said ambient infrared value being obtained during a calibration process involving said token detection apparatus, while using said receiver with no token being present and with said emitter being off.

11. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 10 wherein the greater said ambient infrared value the greater said magnitude of said detection threshold.

12. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 10 wherein said first token detection apparatus also utilizes a reflection magnitude in sensing whether the token is present, and in which said reflection magnitude is the difference between a light-related value that is associated with said receiver when said emitter is on and a light-related value that is associated with said receiver when said emitter is off.

13. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 12 wherein said token detection apparatus utilizes a leakage value that is a value obtained during the calibration process using a difference between a light-related value obtained using said receiver when said emitter is on and a light-related value obtained using said receiver when said emitter is off.

14. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 13 wherein the token is sensed as being present when said reflection magnitude is greater than a sum of said leakage value and said first detection threshold.

15. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 10 wherein said light output by said emitter is un-modulated light and said returned light is un-modulated returned light when received by said receiver.

16. A token detection apparatus ofclaim 10 wherein said sensor housing includes a container and a cover that has a light path member for guiding said light and said returned light, said light path member is disposed on an inward side of said cover when said cover is joined to said container, and in which said light path member has a substantially conical shape with a tip thereof being located more inwardly than other portions thereof when said cover is joined to said container.

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