US10160437B2

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US10160437B2
Application number: US15/442,813
Authority: US
Inventors: Anthony N. Rinaldo
Original assignee: Magna Electronics Inc
Current assignee: Magna Electronics Inc
Priority date: 2016-02-29
Filing date: 2017-02-27
Publication date: 2018-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-27
Also published as: US20190143956A1; US10773707B2; US20170247030A1

Abstract

A control system for a vehicle includes a camera disposed at the vehicle and having a field of view rearward of the vehicle, and at least one non-imaging sensor disposed at the vehicle so as to sense a region at least rearward and partially sideward of the vehicle. During a reversing maneuver of the vehicle along a pathway, the control, responsive to processing of image data captured by the camera, determines edges of the pathway. During the reversing maneuver of the vehicle along the narrow pathway, the control, responsive to processing of data sensed by the non-imaging sensor, determines distances to objects present at or near the determined pathway and rearward and sideward of the vehicle. The control, responsive to determination of the pathway and determination of objects present along the pathway, is operable to steer the vehicle along the pathway to reverse the vehicle along the pathway.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the filing benefits of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/301,261, filed Feb. 29, 2016, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a vehicle vision system for a vehicle and, more particularly, to a vehicle vision system that utilizes one or more cameras at a vehicle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Use of imaging sensors in vehicle imaging systems is common and known. Examples of such known systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,949,331; 5,670,935 and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a driver assistance system or vision system or imaging system for a vehicle that utilizes one or more rearward facing cameras to capture image data representative of images exterior and rearward of the vehicle and uses a rear/side non-imaging sensor (such as ultrasonic sensors or short range radar or SRR sensors or the like) to provide a control feature to autonomously back up the vehicle along long driveways (or along narrow alleys or the like). The camera is used to determine the driveway edges to determine the desired or targeted reversing path of travel for the vehicle, and the non-imaging sensor or sensors is/are used to determine distances between the vehicle and any objects, such as a building or fence or the like, near the vehicle's projected path of travel along the determined driveway.

These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the following specification in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a vehicle with a vision system that incorporates cameras in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the vehicle ofFIG. 1, shown during a reversing maneuver along a driveway in accordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A vehicle vision system and/or driver assist system and/or object detection system and/or alert system operates to capture images exterior of the vehicle and may process the captured image data to display images and to detect objects at or near the vehicle and in the predicted path of the vehicle, such as to assist a driver of the vehicle in maneuvering the vehicle in a rearward direction. The vision system includes an image processor or image processing system that is operable to receive image data from one or more cameras and provide an output to a display device for displaying images representative of the captured image data. Optionally, the vision system may provide display, such as a rearview display or a top down or bird's eye or surround view display or the like.

Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depicted therein, avehicle10 includes an imaging system orvision system12 that includes at least one exterior facing imaging sensor or camera, such as a rearward facing imaging sensor orcamera14a(and the system may optionally include multiple exterior facing imaging sensors or cameras, such as a forwardly facingcamera14bat the front (or at the windshield) of the vehicle, and a sideward/rearward facing

camera

14c,14dat respective sides of the vehicle), which captures images exterior of the vehicle, with the camera having a lens for focusing images at or onto an imaging array or imaging plane or imager of the camera (FIG. 1). Optionally, a forward viewing camera may be disposed at the windshield of the vehicle and view through the windshield and forward of the vehicle, such as for a machine vision system (such as for traffic sign recognition, headlamp control, pedestrian detection, collision avoidance, lane marker detection and/or the like). Thevision system12 includes a control or electronic control unit (ECU) orprocessor18 that is operable to process image data captured by the camera or cameras and may detect objects or the like and/or provide displayed images at adisplay device16 for viewing by the driver of the vehicle (although shown inFIG. 1 as being part of or incorporated in or at an interiorrearview mirror assembly20 of the vehicle, the control and/or the display device may be disposed elsewhere at or in the vehicle). The system also includes a non-imaging sensor22 (such as an ultrasonic sensor and/or short range radar sensor and/or the like) disposed at each side of the vehicle and having a sensing field rearward and sideward of the vehicle. The control may process data captured by thesensors22 to determine distances to objects present at the side regions sideward and rearward of the vehicle during a reversing maneuver, as discussed below. The data transfer or signal communication from the camera to the ECU may comprise any suitable data or communication link, such as a vehicle network bus or the like of the equipped vehicle.

Many older homes with detached garages have long narrow driveways that can be difficult for a driver of a vehicle to navigate in reverse. It is also possible that a driver could pull into an alley where the driver has to reverse the vehicle along the alley in order to leave the alley (such as when an alley dead ends or becomes too narrow to proceed forward along). The system of the present invention utilizes image-based sensors and non-image-based sensors as inputs to a control, whereby the control, responsive to processing data captured by the sensors, determines the path for the vehicle and provides an output for autonomously backing the vehicle along and out of the driveway or alley.

In the illustrated embodiment, the system includes a rear facingcamera14a, which is used to capture image data of the region rearward of the vehicle and in the rearward path of travel of the vehicle. An image processor processes image data captured by the rear facing camera to determine the edges of the driveway or alley, such as similar to the way image processing of image data captured by a forward facing camera determines road edges or lane markers or edges.

The system also includesultrasonic sensors22, which are used to determine when the vehicle is passing by objects, such as a house or fence, next to or near the driveway. Optionally, the system may also or otherwise include short range RADAR sensors, which may be used as an alternative or in conjunction with the ultrasonic sensors.

The control receives data captured by therear facing camera14aand thenon-imaging sensors22, and processes the captured data to determine the driveway edges and to determine the presence of and distances to objects along or near the driveway (or alley or the like). Responsive to such processing, the control controls the steering of the vehicle and the accelerator and brake system of the vehicle, to maneuver the vehicle along the determined driveway or pathway to reverse the vehicle along the driveway or pathway without departing beyond the determined edges of the driveway. The control maneuvers the vehicle along the determined driveway or pathway and within a specified proximity of (or distance from) the objects while avoiding collision with the determined objects. For example, the control may steer the vehicle along the determined path or driveway while maintaining the vehicle at least a threshold distance (such as at least two feet or at least three feet) from a determined object or fence or building or the like. The control, via processing of captured image data (captured by therear facing camera14a) and/or captured sensor data (captured by the non-imaging sensor(s)), may detect debris, such as branches or the like, on the driveway, and/or may detect potholes and the like on the driveway, whereby the system may maneuver the vehicle to avoid the determined debris or pothole or object/obstacle, such as by stopping the vehicle or steering the vehicle around the detected obstacles or objects or potholes so as to avoid the detected obstacles or objects or potholes while keeping the vehicle on the driveway.

Thus, the driver of the vehicle may select an autonomous control function (such as via a user input or the like), whereby the system of the present invention controls the vehicle during the reversing maneuver and guides or steers the vehicle along the determined path or driveway or alley (while avoiding objects) until the vehicle is at the end of the alley or driveway (which may be determined responsive to processing of captured image data or captured sensor data or may be determined via the user or driver deactivating the control function). The driver then can retake control of the vehicle when the vehicle has reached the end of the alley or driveway (or at any time when the driver deactivates the control function while the vehicle is being steered during the reversing maneuver along the path or alley or driveway).

The camera or sensor may comprise any suitable camera or sensor. Optionally, the camera may comprise a “smart camera” that includes the imaging sensor array and associated circuitry and image processing circuitry and electrical connectors and the like as part of a camera module, such as by utilizing aspects of the vision systems described in International Publication Nos. WO 2013/081984 and/or WO 2013/081985, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The system includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the camera or cameras, such as for detecting objects or other vehicles or pedestrians or the like in the field of view of one or more of the cameras. For example, the image processor may comprise an image processing chip selected from the EyeQ family of image processing chips available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. of Jerusalem, Israel, and may include object detection software (such as the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,855,755; 7,720,580 and/or 7,038,577, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties), and may analyze image data to detect vehicles and/or other objects. Responsive to such image processing, and when an object or other vehicle is detected, the system may generate an alert to the driver of the vehicle and/or may generate an overlay at the displayed image to highlight or enhance display of the detected object or vehicle, in order to enhance the driver's awareness of the detected object or vehicle or hazardous condition during a driving maneuver of the equipped vehicle.

The vehicle may include any type of sensor or sensors, such as imaging sensors or radar sensors or lidar sensors or ladar sensors or ultrasonic sensors or the like. The imaging sensor or camera may capture image data for image processing and may comprise any suitable camera or sensing device, such as, for example, a two dimensional array of a plurality of photosensor elements arranged in at least 640 columns and 480 rows (at least a 640×480 imaging array, such as a megapixel imaging array or the like), with a respective lens focusing images onto respective portions of the array. The photosensor array may comprise a plurality of photosensor elements arranged in a photosensor array having rows and columns. Preferably, the imaging array has at least 300,000 photosensor elements or pixels, more preferably at least 500,000 photosensor elements or pixels and more preferably at least 1 million photosensor elements or pixels. The imaging array may capture color image data, such as via spectral filtering at the array, such as via an RGB (red, green and blue) filter or via a red/red complement filter or such as via an RCC (red, clear, clear) filter or the like. The logic and control circuit of the imaging sensor may function in any known manner, and the image processing and algorithmic processing may comprise any suitable means for processing the images and/or image data.

For example, the vision system and/or processing and/or camera and/or circuitry may utilize aspects described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,233,641; 9,146,898; 9,174,574; 9,090,234; 9,077,098; 8,818,042; 8,886,401; 9,077,962; 9,068,390; 9,140,789; 9,092,986; 9,205,776; 8,917,169; 8,694,224; 7,005,974; 5,760,962; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,949,331; 6,222,447; 6,302,545; 6,396,397; 6,498,620; 6,523,964; 6,611,202; 6,201,642; 6,690,268; 6,717,610; 6,757,109; 6,802,617; 6,806,452; 6,822,563; 6,891,563; 6,946,978; 7,859,565; 5,550,677; 5,670,935; 6,636,258; 7,145,519; 7,161,616; 7,230,640; 7,248,283; 7,295,229; 7,301,466; 7,592,928; 7,881,496; 7,720,580; 7,038,577; 6,882,287; 5,929,786 and/or 5,786,772, and/or U.S. Publication Nos. 2014/0340510; 2014/0313339; 2014/0347486; 2014/0320658; 2014/0336876; 2014/0307095; 2014/0327774; 2014/0327772; 2014/0320636; 2014/0293057; 2014/0309884; 2014/0226012; 2014/0293042; 2014/0218535; 2014/0218535; 2014/0247354; 2014/0247355; 2014/0247352; 2014/0232869; 2014/0218529; 2014/0211009; 2014/0160276; 2014/0168437; 2014/0168415; 2014/0160291; 2014/0152825; 2014/0139676; 2014/0138140; 2014/0104426; 2014/0098229; 2014/0085472; 2014/0067206; 2014/0049646; 2014/0052340; 2014/0025240; 2014/0028852; 2014/005907; 2013/0314503; 2013/0298866; 2013/0222593; 2013/0300869; 2013/0278769; 2013/0258077; 2013/0258077; 2013/0242099; 2013/0222592; 2013/0215271; 2013/0141578 and/or 2013/0002873, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The system may communicate with other communication systems via any suitable means, such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in International Publication Nos. WO/2010/144900; WO 2013/043661 and/or WO 2013/081985, and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/202,005, filed Aug. 17, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,126,525, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The system may utilize sensors, such as radar or lidar sensors or the like. The sensing system may utilize aspects of the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,027,029; 8,013,780; 6,825,455; 7,053,357; 7,408,627; 7,405,812; 7,379,163; 7,379,100; 7,375,803; 7,352,454; 7,340,077; 7,321,111; 7,310,431; 7,283,213; 7,212,663; 7,203,356; 7,176,438; 7,157,685; 6,919,549; 6,906,793; 6,876,775; 6,710,770; 6,690,354; 6,678,039; 6,674,895 and/or 6,587,186, and/or International Publication No. WO 2011/090484 and/or U.S. Publication No. US-2010-0245066 and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/420,238, filed Jan. 31, 2017, and/or U.S. provisional applications, Ser. No. 62/375,161, filed Aug. 15, 2016, Ser. No. 62/361,586, filed Jul. 13, 2016, Ser. No. 62/359,913, filed Jul. 8, 2016, Ser. No. 62/349,874, filed Jun. 14, 2016, Ser. No. 62/330,557, filed May 2, 2016, Ser. No. 62/313,279, filed Mar. 25, 2016, Ser. No. 62/303,546, filed Mar. 4, 2016, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Optionally, the vision system may include a display for displaying images captured by one or more of the imaging sensors for viewing by the driver of the vehicle while the driver is normally operating the vehicle. Optionally, for example, the vision system may include a video display device utilizing aspects of the video display systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,530,240; 6,329,925; 7,855,755; 7,626,749; 7,581,859; 7,446,650; 7,338,177; 7,274,501; 7,255,451; 7,195,381; 7,184,190; 5,668,663; 5,724,187; 6,690,268; 7,370,983; 7,329,013; 7,308,341; 7,289,037; 7,249,860; 7,004,593; 4,546,551; 5,699,044; 4,953,305; 5,576,687; 5,632,092; 5,677,851; 5,708,410; 5,737,226; 5,802,727; 5,878,370; 6,087,953; 6,173,508; 6,222,460; 6,513,252 and/or 6,642,851, and/or U.S. Publication Nos. US-2006-0061008; US-2006-0050018 and/or US-2012-0162427, which are all hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Optionally, the vision system (utilizing the forward facing camera and a rearward facing camera and other cameras disposed at the vehicle with exterior fields of view) may be part of or may provide a display of a top-down view or birds-eye view system of the vehicle or a surround view at the vehicle, such as by utilizing aspects of the vision systems described in International Publication Nos. WO 2010/099416; WO 2011/028686; WO 2012/075250; WO 2013/019795; WO 2012/075250; WO 2012/145822; WO 2013/081985; WO 2013/086249 and/or WO 2013/109869, and/or U.S. Ser. No. US-2012-0162427, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the principles of the invention, which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims, as interpreted according to the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents.

Claims

The invention claimed is:

1. A control system for a vehicle, said control system comprising:

a camera disposed at a rear portion of a vehicle and having a field of view rearward of the vehicle;

at least one non-imaging sensor disposed at the vehicle so as to sense a region at least rearward and sideward of the vehicle;

a control unit having an image processor operable to process image data captured by said camera, said control unit operable to process data sensed by said non-imaging sensor;

wherein, during a reversing maneuver of the vehicle along a pathway, said control unit, responsive to processing by said image processor of image data captured by said camera, determines edges of the pathway;

wherein, during the reversing maneuver of the vehicle along the pathway, said control unit, responsive to processing of data sensed by said non-imaging sensor, determines distances to objects present at or near the pathway and in the path of reverse travel of the vehicle; and

wherein said control unit, responsive to determination of the edges of the pathway and determination of objects present along the pathway, is operable to steer the vehicle along the pathway to reverse the vehicle along the pathway without the vehicle departing beyond the determined edges of the pathway.

2. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one ultrasonic sensor.

3. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor at each side rearward corner region of the vehicle.

4. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one short range RADAR sensor.

5. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises a short range RADAR sensor at each side rearward corner region of the vehicle.

6. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said control unit is operable to determine the pathway and objects responsive to a user input of the vehicle.

7. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said control unit, responsive to determination of the pathway and determination of distances to objects present along the pathway, is operable to control the braking system of the vehicle while steering the vehicle along the pathway.

8. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said control unit, responsive to processing by said image processor of image data captured by said camera, determines edges of a narrow driveway or alley.

9. The control system ofclaim 8, wherein said control unit, responsive to processing of data sensed by said non-imaging sensor, determines distances to at least one of a building and a fence at or near the determined narrow driveway or alley and rearward and sideward of the vehicle.

10. The control system ofclaim 1, wherein said control unit determines the presence of an object in the pathway, and wherein, responsive to determination of an object present in the pathway, said control unit maneuvers the vehicle to avoid the determined object.

11. A control system for a vehicle, said control system comprising:

wherein said control unit is operable in a vehicle reversing mode responsive to a user input of the vehicle;

wherein, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode at a driveway, said control unit, responsive to processing by said image processor of image data captured by said camera, determines edges of the driveway;

wherein, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode, said control unit, responsive to processing of data sensed by said non-imaging sensor, determines distances to objects present at or near the driveway and in the path of reverse travel of the vehicle; and

wherein said control unit, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode and responsive to determination of the edges of the driveway and determination of objects present along the driveway, is operable to steer the vehicle along the driveway to reverse the vehicle along the driveway without the vehicle departing beyond the determined edges of the driveway and while maintaining the vehicle at least a predetermined distance from objects present at or near the driveway and in the path of reverse travel of the vehicle.

12. The control system ofclaim 11, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one ultrasonic sensor.

13. The control system ofclaim 11, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor at each side rearward corner region of the vehicle.

14. The control system ofclaim 11, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one short range RADAR sensor.

15. The control system ofclaim 11, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises a short range RADAR sensor at each side rearward corner region of the vehicle.

16. The control system ofclaim 11, wherein said control unit, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode, determines the presence of an object in the driveway, and wherein, responsive to determination of the object present in the driveway, said control unit maneuvers the vehicle to avoid the determined object.

17. A control system for a vehicle, said control system comprising:

wherein, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode, said control unit determines the presence of at least one of a building and a fence at or near the driveway and rearward and sideward of the vehicle;

wherein said control unit, responsive to processing of data sensed by said non-imaging sensor, determines distances to the determined at least one of a building and a fence at or near the driveway and rearward and sideward of the vehicle; and

wherein said control unit, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode and responsive to determination of the edges of the driveway determination of distances to the at least one of a building and a fence present at or near the driveway, is operable to steer the vehicle along the driveway to reverse the vehicle along the driveway without the vehicle departing beyond the determined edges of the driveway and while maintaining the vehicle at least a predetermined distance from the building or fence present at or near the driveway.

18. The control system ofclaim 17, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one ultrasonic sensor.

19. The control system ofclaim 17, wherein said non-imaging sensor comprises at least one short range RADAR sensor.

20. The control system ofclaim 17, wherein, when operating in the vehicle reversing mode, said control unit determines the presence of an object in the driveway, and wherein, responsive to determination of the object present in the driveway, said control unit maneuvers the vehicle to avoid the determined object.