本發明關於一種顫抖症徵狀預測的系統及方法，尤其一種對應於帕金森氏症的顫抖症徵狀預測的系統及方法。The present invention relates to a system and method for predicting tremor symptoms, and more particularly, to a system and method for predicting tremor symptoms corresponding to Parkinson's disease.
隨著生理訊號感測技術越來越成熟，穿戴式產品也越來越多。生理訊號感測可採用光學式的訊號感測架構或超聲波式的生理訊號感測架構來實現。其中，光學訊號感測是目前生理訊號感測技術重要的主要發展方向之一。例如：穿戴產品中的脈搏、血壓、和血氧飽和度監測就採用光學式的光體積變化描記圖法(photoplethysmography,PPG)來分析生理感測訊號。As physiological signal sensing technology matures, wearable products are becoming increasingly common. Physiological signal sensing can be achieved using either optical or ultrasonic architectures. Optical signal sensing is currently one of the most important developments in physiological signal sensing technology. For example, pulse, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation monitoring in wearable products utilizes optical photoplethysmography (PPG) to analyze physiological sensing signals.
本發明旨在將此光學式的非侵入性無創檢測方法延伸至顫抖症徵狀的預測，尤其是與帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)有關的顫抖症徵狀(tremor condition)的預測。檢測位置可以是手指、手腕、手臂、或其他可能的皮膚部位。This invention aims to extend this optical, non-invasive testing method to predict tremor symptoms, particularly tremor conditions associated with Parkinson's disease. The testing location can be the finger, wrist, arm, or other possible skin sites.
為達到有效解決上述問題之目的，根據本發明一態樣，提出一種顫抖症徵狀預測系統，包含：一發光單元，配置為發出一檢測光來照射一受試者的皮膚部位，該檢測光部分地被該皮膚部位反射形成一反射光，及/或部分地被該皮膚部位透射形成一透射光；一感光單元，配置為接收該反射光及/或該透射光，以產生關於該反射光及/或該透射光在時間域中的一強度訊號；以及一訊號處理單元，配置為處理並分析在時間域中的該強度訊號，其中，該訊號處理單元使用快速傅立葉轉換將在時間域中的該強度訊號轉換為在頻率域中的一強度訊號，並且確定在頻率域中的該強度訊號在一第一預設頻率範圍中的強度是否超過一閾值，以判斷該受試者是否發生該顫抖症徵狀。To effectively solve the above-mentioned problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a tremor symptom prediction system is proposed, comprising: a light emitting unit configured to emit a detection light to illuminate a skin portion of a subject, wherein the detection light is partially reflected by the skin portion to form a reflected light, and/or partially transmitted by the skin portion to form a transmitted light; a photosensitive unit configured to receive the reflected light and/or the transmitted light to generate a prediction signal related to the reflected light and/or the transmitted light. An intensity signal of the transmitted light in the time domain; and a signal processing unit configured to process and analyze the intensity signal in the time domain, wherein the signal processing unit uses fast Fourier transform to convert the intensity signal in the time domain into an intensity signal in the frequency domain, and determines whether the intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain exceeds a threshold within a first preset frequency range to determine whether the subject has the tremor symptom.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測系統，該第一預設頻率範圍為4~6Hz。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as in the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction system, the first preset frequency range is 4-6 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測系統，該閾值為在頻率域中的該強度訊號在0.5~3.0Hz或9~11Hz頻率範圍中的強度的最大值。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as in the above-mentioned tremor symptom prediction system, the threshold is the maximum value of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 0.5-3.0 Hz or 9-11 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測系統，該訊號處理單元進一步分析頻率域中的該強度訊號在一第二預設頻率範圍中的部分，以得到關於心律的數據以及關於血氧飽和度的數據，以及該第二預設頻率範圍為1.0~1.7Hz、0.8~2.0Hz、或0.5~3.0Hz。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as in the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction system, the signal processing unit further analyzes a portion of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within a second preset frequency range to obtain data related to heart rhythm and blood oxygen saturation. The second preset frequency range is 1.0-1.7 Hz, 0.8-2.0 Hz, or 0.5-3.0 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測系統，該感光單元為光電二極體影像感測器、互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測器、電荷耦合裝置影像感測器、或其組合，以及該檢測光為藍光、綠光、紅光、紅外光、或其組合。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction system, the photosensitive unit is a photodiode image sensor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor, a charge coupled device image sensor, or a combination thereof, and the detection light is blue light, green light, red light, infrared light, or a combination thereof.
根據本發明一態樣，提出一種穿戴式裝置，包含上述的顫抖症徵狀預測系統。According to one aspect of the present invention, a wearable device is provided, comprising the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction system.
根據本發明一態樣，提出一種顫抖症徵狀預測方法，其中，所述方法使用一顫抖症徵狀預測系統，該顫抖症徵狀預測系統包含一發光單元、一感光單元、以及一訊號處理單元，所述方法包含：使用該發光單元，以發出一檢測光來照射一受試者的皮膚部位，該檢測光部分地被該皮膚部位反射形成一反射光，及/或部分地被該皮膚部位透射形成一透射光；使用該感光單元，以接收該反射光及/或該透射光，該感光單元產生關於該反射光及/或該透射光在時間域中的一強度訊號；以及使用該訊號處理單元，以處理並分析在時間域中的該強度訊號，其中，所述處理並分析在時間域中的該強度訊號的步驟包含：使用快速傅立葉轉換將在時間域中的該強度訊號轉換為在頻率域中的一強度訊號，並且確定在頻率域中的該強度訊號在一第一預設頻率範圍中的強度是否超過一閾值，以判斷該受試者是否發生該顫抖症徵狀。According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for predicting tremor symptoms is provided, wherein the method uses a tremor symptom prediction system, wherein the tremor symptom prediction system includes a light-emitting unit, a photosensitive unit, and a signal processing unit. The method includes: using the light-emitting unit to emit a detection light to illuminate a skin area of a subject, wherein the detection light is partially reflected by the skin area to form a reflected light and/or partially transmitted by the skin area to form a transmitted light; using the photosensitive unit to receive the reflected light and/or the transmitted light; The photosensitive unit generates an intensity signal in the time domain related to the reflected light and/or the transmitted light; and the signal processing unit processes and analyzes the intensity signal in the time domain. The processing and analyzing the intensity signal in the time domain includes converting the intensity signal in the time domain into an intensity signal in the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT), and determining whether the intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain exceeds a threshold within a first preset frequency range to determine whether the subject experiences the tremor symptom.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，該第一預設頻率範圍為4~6Hz。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as in the above-mentioned tremor symptom prediction method, the first preset frequency range is 4-6 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，該閾值為在頻率域中的該強度訊號在0.5~3.0Hz或9~11Hz頻率範圍中的強度的最大值。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as in the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction method, the threshold is the maximum value of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 0.5-3.0 Hz or 9-11 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，所述處理並分析在時間域中的該強度訊號的步驟進一步包含：分析頻率域中的該強度訊號在一第二預設頻率範圍中的部分，以得到關於心律的數據以及關於血氧飽和度的數據，以及該第二預設頻率範圍為1.0~1.7Hz、0.8~2.0Hz、或0.5~3.0Hz。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the aforementioned tremor symptom prediction method, the step of processing and analyzing the intensity signal in the time domain further includes analyzing a portion of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within a second preset frequency range to obtain data related to heart rhythm and blood oxygen saturation, and the second preset frequency range is 1.0-1.7 Hz, 0.8-2.0 Hz, or 0.5-3.0 Hz.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如所述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，該感光單元為光電二極體影像感測器、互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測器、電荷耦合裝置影像感測器、或其組合，以及該檢測光為藍光、綠光、紅光、紅外光、或其組合。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as described above, in the method for predicting tremor symptoms, the photosensitive unit is a photodiode image sensor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor, a charge-coupled device image sensor, or a combination thereof, and the detection light is blue light, green light, red light, infrared light, or a combination thereof.
根據本發明實施例，較佳地，如上述的顫抖症徵狀預測方法，該顫抖症徵狀預測系統包含在一穿戴式裝置中。According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the tremor symptom prediction method as described above is included in a wearable device.
為使熟悉該項技藝人士瞭解本發明之目的、特徵及功效，茲藉由下述具體實施例，並配合所附之圖式，對本發明詳加說明如下。In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
100:顫抖症徵狀預測系統100: Tremor Symptom Prediction System
110:發光單元110: Light-emitting unit
120:感光單元120: Photosensitive unit
130:訊號處理單元130: Signal processing unit
S10:步驟S10: Step
S20:步驟S20: Step
S30:步驟S30: Step
S40:步驟S40: Step
圖1為根據本發明實施例繪示在時間域中的強度訊號對時間的曲線圖；圖2為根據本發明實施例繪示在頻率域中的強度訊號對頻率的曲線圖；圖3為根據本發明實施繪示顫抖症徵狀預測系統的方塊圖；以及圖4為根據本發明實施繪示顫抖症徵狀預測方法的流程圖。Figure 1 is a graph showing an intensity signal versus time in the time domain according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a graph showing an intensity signal versus frequency in the frequency domain according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a system for predicting tremor symptoms according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a flow chart showing a method for predicting tremor symptoms according to an embodiment of the present invention.
光學式的光體積變化描記圖法是借由光電手段在活體組織中檢測血液容積變化的一種無創檢測方法。當一定波長的光束照射到指端皮膚表面，隨著心跳的收縮和擴張，血管的收縮和擴張都會影響光的透射(例如，在透射式PPG中，通過指尖的光線)或是光的反射(例如，在反射式PPG中，來自手腕表面附近的光線)。當光照透過皮膚組織(例如，手指部位的皮膚組織，包含皮下組織、微血管組織……等等)然後再反射和/或透射到感光元件時，因為微血管中的血液體積和血氧飽和度會隨著脈搏做變化，則光照強度會有一定的衰減併也隨著時間變化。將透射光或反射光的訊號變化經由對應的演算法做數據分析處理便可得到脈搏、血壓、和/或血氧飽和度……等等生理數據。相關習知技術的細節部分便不在此贅述。Optical photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive method that uses photoelectric technology to detect changes in blood volume in living tissue. When a light beam of a certain wavelength is irradiated on the skin surface of the fingertip, the contraction and dilation of blood vessels with the heartbeat affect the transmission of light (for example, light passing through the fingertip in transmissive PPG) or the reflection of light (for example, light from the surface near the wrist in reflective PPG). When light passes through skin tissue (for example, the skin of the finger, including subcutaneous tissue, microvascular tissue, etc.) and is then reflected and/or transmitted to a photosensitive element, the light intensity attenuates and varies over time, as the blood volume and oxygen saturation in the microvasculature change with the pulse. By analyzing and processing the signal changes of the transmitted or reflected light using corresponding algorithms, physiological data such as pulse, blood pressure, and/or blood oxygen saturation can be obtained. Details of the related known technologies are not discussed here.
經研究和測試，手部的顫抖亦獲影響到上述光學式的光體積變化描記圖法中的透射光和反射光的訊號變化，因此顫抖症徵狀的預測，尤其是與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀的預測，可藉由光學式的光體積變化描記圖法來實現，並且應用於穿戴式裝置上。Research and testing have shown that hand tremors also affect the signal changes of transmitted and reflected light in the aforementioned optical photoplethysmography method. Therefore, the prediction of tremor symptoms, especially those related to Parkinson's disease, can be achieved through optical photoplethysmography and applied to wearable devices.
下面參考圖式來說明本發明的技術內容。The following diagrams are used to illustrate the technical content of the present invention.
圖1為根據本發明實施例繪示在時間域中的強度訊號對時間的曲線圖；圖2為根據本發明實施例繪示在頻率域中的強度訊號對頻率的曲線圖；以及圖3為根據本發明實施繪示顫抖症徵狀預測系統的方塊圖。FIG1 is a graph showing an intensity signal versus time in the time domain according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG2 is a graph showing an intensity signal versus frequency in the frequency domain according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG3 is a block diagram showing a tremor symptom prediction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
請參考圖1，根據本發明實施例，使用光體積變化描記圖法經由受試者的手部皮膚組織(例如，手指、手腕部位……等等的皮膚組織)反射或透射的反射光或透射光的訊號可以如圖1所示，其中，圖1所繪示的是在時間域(time domain)中的強度(intensity)訊號對時間的曲線圖，橫軸為時間，縱軸為強度，所述強度的單位可以是任意單位(相對量比較)或是光強度單位(例如，光強度、光照度……等等)，但本發明並不受限於此。Referring to FIG. 1 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, a signal of reflected or transmitted light reflected or transmitted through a subject's hand skin tissue (e.g., skin tissue at the fingers, wrist, etc.) using photovoxelography can be shown in FIG. FIG. 1 illustrates a time-domain intensity signal versus time curve, with time on the horizontal axis and intensity on the vertical axis. The intensity signal can be expressed in arbitrary units (relative quantity comparison) or light intensity units (e.g., light intensity, illuminance, etc.), but the present invention is not limited thereto.
請參考圖2，根據本發明實施例，圖1所繪示的在時間域中的強度訊號對時間的曲線圖可藉由快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)轉換成如圖2所繪示的在頻率域(frequency domain)中的強度訊號對頻率的曲線圖，其中，橫軸為頻率，縱軸為強度，所述強度的單位可以是任意單位(相對量比較)或次數(記數)，但本發明並不受限於此。Referring to Figure 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the intensity signal versus time curve shown in Figure 1 can be converted into an intensity signal versus frequency curve in the frequency domain as shown in Figure 2 via a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents intensity. The intensity unit can be any unit (relative comparison) or number (count), but the present invention is not limited thereto.
根據目前習知技術及相關文獻可得知，與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀的手部抖動頻率大約落在4~6赫茲(Hz)的範圍內，如圖2所示，而一般性生理性顫抖(例如，年長者手抖)則大約是落在9~11Hz。因此，可以針對4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度訊號數據做分析處理；或者可一併針對0.5~3.0Hz或4~6Hz以及9~11Hz的頻率範圍內的強度訊號數據做分析處理，其中，0.5~3.0Hz和9~11Hz的頻率範圍內的強度訊號數據可作為對照或比較數據，以提高本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統及方法的精確度。上述0.5~3.0Hz的頻率範圍是對應於心律的頻率。According to current knowledge and relevant literature, the hand tremor frequency associated with Parkinson's disease falls roughly within the 4-6 Hz range, as shown in Figure 2. Common physiological tremors (e.g., hand tremors in the elderly) range from approximately 9-11 Hz. Therefore, analysis and processing can be performed on intensity signal data within the 4-6 Hz frequency range; alternatively, analysis and processing can be performed on intensity signal data within the 0.5-3.0 Hz or 4-6 Hz and 9-11 Hz frequency ranges. The intensity signal data within the 0.5-3.0 Hz and 9-11 Hz frequency ranges can be used as control or comparison data to improve the accuracy of the present invention's tremor symptom prediction system and method. The above frequency range of 0.5~3.0Hz corresponds to the frequency of heart rate.
根據本發明實施例，可以藉由確定在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內是否超過預設的閾值(threshold value)來判斷受試者是否具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀，所述閾值的設定可依據對判斷或預測的靈敏度或精確性的需求來任意調整。例如，若在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內超過預設的閾值，則可判斷受試者具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。According to an embodiment of the present invention, whether a subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease can be determined by determining whether the intensity signal in the frequency domain exceeds a preset threshold value within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz. The threshold value setting can be arbitrarily adjusted based on the required sensitivity or accuracy of the judgment or prediction. For example, if the intensity signal in the frequency domain exceeds the preset threshold value within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz, it can be determined that the subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.
另外，還可藉由藉由確定在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值是否超過在9~11Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值來判斷受試者是否具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。例如，若在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值超過在9~11Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值，則可判斷受試者具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。例如，還可以使用加權後比較的方式來比較在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值與在9~11Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值，以判斷受試者是否具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。Furthermore, whether a subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease can be determined by determining whether the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz exceeds the maximum intensity within the frequency range of 9-11 Hz. For example, if the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz exceeds the maximum intensity within the frequency range of 9-11 Hz, it can be determined that the subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. For example, a weighted comparison method can be used to compare the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the 4-6 Hz frequency range with the maximum intensity within the 9-11 Hz frequency range to determine whether the subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.
另外，還可藉由藉由確定在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值是否超過在0.5~1.5Hz、0.5~2.0Hz、0.5~2.5Hz、或0.5~3.0Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值來判斷受試者是否具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。例如，若在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值超過在0.5~1.5Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值，則可判斷受試者具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。例如，還可以使用加權後比較的方式來比較在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值與在0.5~1.5Hz的頻率範圍內的強度最大值，以判斷受試者是否具有與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。Furthermore, whether the subject has Parkinson's disease-related tremor symptoms can be determined by determining whether the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz exceeds the maximum intensity within the frequency range of 0.5-1.5 Hz, 0.5-2.0 Hz, 0.5-2.5 Hz, or 0.5-3.0 Hz. For example, if the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz exceeds the maximum intensity within the frequency range of 0.5-1.5 Hz, it can be determined that the subject has Parkinson's disease-related tremor symptoms. For example, a weighted comparison method can be used to compare the maximum intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain within the 4-6 Hz frequency range with the maximum intensity within the 0.5-1.5 Hz frequency range to determine whether the subject has tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.
請參考圖3，根據本發明實施例，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統100可包含發光單元110、感光單元120、和訊號處理單元130，光單元110和感光單元120可電性連接至訊號處理單元130。Referring to FIG. 3 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, the tremor symptom prediction system 100 may include a light-emitting unit 110, a light-sensing unit 120, and a signal processing unit 130. The light-emitting unit 110 and the light-sensing unit 120 may be electrically connected to the signal processing unit 130.
本發明的發光單元110可包括一個或多個發光元件，用於發出檢測光來照射受試者的皮膚部位(諸如手指、手腕、手臂……等等的皮膚部位)，使得檢測光被反射及/或透射形成反射及/或光透射光。所述發光元件可以是發光二極體、微型發光二極體、有機發光二極體、或其組合，但本發明不受限於此，使用者可根據需求任意選擇發光元件的類型，而同時使用多種發光元件類型可提高徵狀判斷的可信度。檢測光可以是藍光、綠光、紅光、紅外光、或其組合，但本發明不受限於此，使用者可根據需求任意選擇檢測光的波長區段，而同時使用多種檢測光的波長區段可提高徵狀判斷的可信度。例如，使用者可審酌血液對紅光有較強的反射而對藍光有較強的吸收、含氧量較高的紅血球相對於含氧量較低的紅血球對紅光具有較高的反射……等等因素來選擇檢測光的波長區段。The light-emitting unit 110 of the present invention may include one or more light-emitting elements for emitting detection light to illuminate a subject's skin area (e.g., a finger, wrist, arm, etc.), causing the detection light to be reflected and/or transmitted to form reflected and/or transmitted light. The light-emitting elements may be LEDs, microLEDs, organic LEDs, or combinations thereof, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Users can select any type of light-emitting element as needed, and using multiple types of light-emitting elements simultaneously can improve the reliability of symptom diagnosis. The detection light may be blue, green, red, infrared, or a combination thereof, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Users can select any wavelength range of the detection light as needed, and using multiple types of detection light simultaneously can improve the reliability of symptom diagnosis. For example, users can choose the wavelength range of the detection light based on factors such as blood's stronger reflection of red light and its stronger absorption of blue light, the higher reflection of red blood cells with higher oxygen content compared to those with lower oxygen content, and so on.
本發明的感光單元120可包括一個或多個感光元件，用於接收由皮膚部位反射及/或透射的反射光及/或透射光，以產生關於反射光及/或透射光在時間域中的強度訊號。例如，感光單元120可包括一個感光元件，用於接收由皮膚部位反射或透射的反射光或透射光。例如感光單元120可包括多個感光元件，設置在不同位置，以同時接收由皮膚部位反射及透射的反射光及透射光。感光元件可以是光電二極體影像感測器、互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測器、電荷耦合裝置影像感測器、或其組合，但本發明不受限於此，使用者可根據需求任意選擇感光元件的類型，而同時使用多種感光元件的類型可提高徵狀判斷的可信度。例如，在同時使用不同的發光元件、檢測光波長區段、及/或感光元件的情況下，可藉由將對應的不同數據做平均、加權……等等運算方式所得到的結果作為徵狀判斷的依據。The photosensitive unit 120 of the present invention may include one or more photosensitive elements for receiving reflected light and/or transmitted light reflected by and/or transmitted through a skin region to generate a time-domain intensity signal of the reflected light and/or transmitted light. For example, the photosensitive unit 120 may include a single photosensitive element for receiving reflected light or transmitted light reflected by or transmitted through a skin region. For example, the photosensitive unit 120 may include multiple photosensitive elements disposed at different locations to simultaneously receive both reflected light and transmitted light reflected by and transmitted through the skin region. The photosensitive element may be a photodiode image sensor, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor, a charge coupled device image sensor, or a combination thereof, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Users may select the type of photosensitive element as needed, and using multiple types of photosensitive elements simultaneously may improve the reliability of symptom assessment. For example, when using different light-emitting elements, detecting light wavelength bands, and/or photosensitive elements simultaneously, the corresponding different data can be averaged, weighted, etc. The results obtained through operations such as these can serve as the basis for symptom judgment.
本發明的訊號處理單元130可包括處理器和記憶體，在接收到由感光單元120產生的訊號後，處理並分析在時間域中的強度訊號。本發明的訊號處理單元130可在接收到由感光單元120產生的訊號後，產生、處理、並分析在時間域中的強度訊號。所述記憶體中可儲存有演算法，用以執行關於光體積變化描記圖法的運算以及關於顫抖症徵狀的分析、判斷、及預測。訊號處理單元130可將由感光單元120產生的時間域中的強度訊號以快速傅立葉轉換法轉換為在頻率遇中的強度訊號，並進一步確定在頻率域中的強度訊號在第一預設頻率範圍(例如，4~6Hz的頻率範圍)中的強度是否超過預設的閾值，以判斷該受試者是否發生與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。或者，訊號處理單元130可分析並確認在頻率域中的強度訊號在4~6Hz的頻率範圍中的強度是否高於在9~11Hz的頻率範圍中的強度，以判斷該受試者是否發生與帕金森氏症有關的顫抖症徵狀。根據本發明實施例，第一預設頻率範圍還可以選擇為4~5或5~6Hz，以提高徵狀判斷的精確度；或者第一預設頻率範圍還可以選擇為3~6、4~7、或3~7Hz，以提高徵狀判斷的靈敏度。The signal processing unit 130 of the present invention may include a processor and memory. Upon receiving the signal generated by the photosensitive unit 120, the processor processes and analyzes the intensity signal in the time domain. The signal processing unit 130 of the present invention generates, processes, and analyzes the intensity signal in the time domain upon receiving the signal generated by the photosensitive unit 120. The memory may store algorithms for performing photovoxelography calculations and for analyzing, determining, and predicting tremor symptoms. The signal processing unit 130 may convert the time-domain intensity signal generated by the photosensitive unit 120 into a frequency-domain intensity signal using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) method and further determine whether the intensity of the frequency-domain intensity signal exceeds a preset threshold within a first preset frequency range (e.g., a frequency range of 4-6 Hz) to determine whether the subject experiences tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. Alternatively, the signal processing unit 130 may analyze and confirm whether the intensity of the frequency-domain intensity signal within the frequency range of 4-6 Hz is higher than the intensity within the frequency range of 9-11 Hz to determine whether the subject experiences tremor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first preset frequency range can also be selected as 4-5 or 5-6 Hz to improve the accuracy of symptom determination; or the first preset frequency range can also be selected as 3-6, 4-7, or 3-7 Hz to improve the sensitivity of symptom determination.
根據本發明實施例，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統還可進一步具有檢測受試者的心律以及血氧飽和度之功能，以實現單機多功能多用途之功效。顫抖症徵狀預測系統的訊號處理單元可進一步分析頻率域中的強度訊號在第二預設頻率範圍中的部分，以得到關於心律的數據以及關於血氧飽和度的數據，其中，所述第二預設頻率範圍可以是1.0~1.7Hz、0.8~2.0Hz、或0.5~3.0Hz，對應於心律的頻率範圍。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tremor symptom prediction system can also detect a subject's heart rhythm and blood oxygen saturation, achieving multifunctionality in a single device.The signal processing unit of the tremor symptom prediction system can further analyze the portion of the frequency-domain intensity signal within a second preset frequency range to obtain data related to heart rhythm and blood oxygen saturation. The second preset frequency range can be 1.0-1.7 Hz, 0.8-2.0 Hz, or 0.5-3.0 Hz, corresponding to the frequency range of heart rhythm.
根據本發明實施例，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統還可進一步包含傳輸單元，用於將檢測或預測的相關數據和結果(例如，是否具有顫抖症徵狀的資訊、脈搏或心律的資訊、血氧飽和度的資訊……等等)傳輸到外部裝置。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention may further include a transmission unit for transmitting relevant detection or prediction data and results (e.g., information on whether tremor symptoms are present, information on pulse or heart rhythm, information on blood oxygen saturation, etc.) to an external device.
根據本發明實施例，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統還可進一步包含顯示單元，用於將檢測或預測的相關數據和結果(例如，是否具有顫抖症徵狀的資訊、脈搏或心律的資訊、及/或血氧飽和度的資訊……等等)顯示出來，以即時掌握受試者的相關生理狀態。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention may further include a display unit for displaying relevant detection or prediction data and results (e.g., information on the presence of tremor symptoms, pulse or heart rhythm information, and/or blood oxygen saturation information, etc.), thereby providing real-time understanding of the subject's physiological status.
接下來，要說明的是使用本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統的方法。Next, we will explain how to use the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention.
請參考圖4，根據本發明實施例，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測方法包含以下步驟。首先，步驟S10：使用發光單元，以發出檢測光來照射受試者的皮膚部位，該檢測光部分地被皮膚部位反射形成反射光，及/或部分地被皮膚部位透射形成一透射光。步驟S20：使用感光單元，以接收反射光及/或該射光，感光單元產生關於反射光及/或透射光在時間域中的強度訊號。步驟S30：使用訊號處理單元，以使用快速傅立葉轉換將在時間域中的強度訊號轉換為在頻率域中的強度訊號。最後，步驟S40：使用訊號處理單元，以確定在頻率域中的強度訊號在第一預設頻率範圍中的強度是否超過閾值，以判斷該受試者使否發生顫抖症徵狀。相關細節部分如同先前說明本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統的相關細節內容，便不再此重複贅述。Referring to FIG. 4 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, the tremor symptom prediction method of the present invention includes the following steps. First, in step S10 , a light-emitting unit is used to emit detection light to illuminate a skin area of a subject. The detection light is partially reflected by the skin area to form reflected light, and/or partially transmitted by the skin area to form transmitted light. In step S20 , a photosensitive unit is used to receive the reflected light and/or the transmitted light. The photosensitive unit generates an intensity signal in the time domain related to the reflected light and/or the transmitted light. In step S30 , a signal processing unit is used to convert the intensity signal in the time domain into an intensity signal in the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform. Finally, step S40: Using the signal processing unit, determine whether the intensity of the intensity signal in the frequency domain exceeds a threshold within a first preset frequency range to determine whether the subject has tremor symptoms. The relevant details are similar to those previously described for the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention and will not be repeated here.
本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統及方法可以穿戴式裝置來實現，例如，本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統可以包含在智慧型戒指、智慧型手環、智慧型耳環……等等之中，但本發明並不受限於此，受試者的任何皮膚部位皆可以是包含本發明的顫抖症徵狀預測系統的對應穿戴式裝置的檢測部位。The tremor symptom prediction system and method of the present invention can be implemented in a wearable device. For example, the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention can be included in a smart ring, smart bracelet, smart earring, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to such devices. Any skin area of the subject can be the detection area of the corresponding wearable device containing the tremor symptom prediction system of the present invention.
以上係藉由特定的具體實施例說明本發明之實施方式，所屬技術領域具有通常知識者可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之其他優點及功效。The above describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例，並非用以限定本發明之範圍；凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成之等效改變或修飾，均應包含在下述之專利範圍內。The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the patent below.
100:顫抖症徵狀預測系統100: Tremor Symptom Prediction System
110:發光單元110: Light-emitting unit
120:感光單元120: Photosensitive unit
130:訊號處理單元130: Signal processing unit
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI900394Btrue TWI900394B (en) | 2025-10-01 |
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| US20090156907A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Methods and systems for specifying an avatar |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090156907A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Methods and systems for specifying an avatar |
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