TWI854504B

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: TWI854504B
Application number: TW112106522A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 羅裕龍; 張瑞紘; 蔡智宇; 王柏禹; 張景閔; 陳奕昇; 魏冠霆
Original assignee: 國立成功大學
Priority date: 2023-01-18
Filing date: 2023-02-22
Publication date: 2024-09-01
Also published as: TW202430858A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a system of sensing concentration, including a laser source, a first polarizing device, a second polarizing device, a rotating device, a first receiver, and a processing module. The laser source is configured to emit light toward a first direction. The first polarizing device located on the first direction is disposed between the laser source and a sample, in which the first polarizing device has a first polarizing direction. The second polarizing device is disposed on a second direction extending from the sample, in which the second polarizing device has a second polarizing direction. The rotating device is disposed between the first polarizing device and the second polarizing device, in which the rotating device has an angular frequency, and the rotating device is configured to transform a light intensity of the light from the first polarizing device into a function of the angular frequency after passing the rotating device.

Description

Translated fromChinese

濃度感測系統Concentration Sensing System

本揭露是有關於一種濃度感測系統，且特別是有關於一種非侵入式的濃度感測系統。The present disclosure relates to a concentration sensing system, and more particularly to a non-invasive concentration sensing system.

糖尿病是一種常見的慢性疾病，對當代文明社會造成了巨大的影響，其中更以2型糖尿病對全球的健康性問題影響甚鉅。綜觀來看，導致2型糖尿病流行於全球的主要因素包括人口年齡老化、肥胖人口增加、以及體力活動減少等等。截至2021年為止，全球罹患糖尿病的病患已突破5億人口，預估2045年更將增加至7億人口。因此，糖尿病的檢測以及預防在現代已成為人類社會的重大議題。Diabetes is a common chronic disease that has had a huge impact on contemporary civilized society, and type 2 diabetes has had a particularly significant impact on global health issues. Overall, the main factors leading to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide include aging population, increasing obesity, and reduced physical activity. As of 2021, the number of patients with diabetes worldwide has exceeded 500 million, and it is estimated that the number will increase to 700 million by 2045. Therefore, the detection and prevention of diabetes has become a major issue in modern human society.

市面上的血糖機大多為侵入式的設計，意即檢測者須將採血針刺入體內採血才可檢測血糖。然而，人們對於針頭的恐懼心理、感染針頭對檢測者的風險、丟棄針頭對他人造成感染的可能性等等，都促使研究者近年來逐漸朝非侵入式的血糖檢測設計進行研究。Most blood glucose meters on the market are invasive in design, which means that the tester must insert a blood sampling needle into the body to draw blood before the blood glucose test can be performed. However, people's fear of needles, the risk of infected needles to the tester, and the possibility of discarding needles and causing infection to others have prompted researchers to gradually study non-invasive blood glucose test designs in recent years.

因此，亟需一種非侵入式的感測裝置，能重複且準確地感測血糖濃度的同時又不會對人體造成傷口，以減輕檢測者使用上的心理壓力。Therefore, there is an urgent need for a non-invasive sensing device that can repeatedly and accurately sense blood sugar concentration without causing any wounds to the human body, so as to reduce the psychological pressure on the tester.

因此，本揭露之實施例之一目的是在於提供一種濃度感測系統，其包含單個旋轉裝置，可使光線的光強度在經過旋轉裝置後變成旋轉裝置之旋轉角頻率的函數，故可以作時變分析。而光在射向樣品後會產生旋轉角，藉由時變分析得到樣品的旋轉角後，操作者可藉由旋轉角與樣品濃度的關係式推導出樣品的濃度。Therefore, one purpose of the embodiments disclosed herein is to provide a concentration sensing system, which includes a single rotating device, and can make the light intensity of the light after passing through the rotating device become a function of the rotation angle frequency of the rotating device, so that time-varying analysis can be performed. After the light is irradiated to the sample, a rotation angle is generated. After the rotation angle of the sample is obtained through time-varying analysis, the operator can deduce the concentration of the sample through the relationship between the rotation angle and the sample concentration.

根據本揭露之上述目的，提出一種濃度感測系統，包含雷射源、第一偏振裝置、第二偏振裝置、旋轉裝置、第一光接收器、以及處理模組。雷射源配置以朝第一方向發射光線。第一偏振裝置設在位於第一方向上，並位於樣品與雷射源之間，其中第一偏振裝置具有第一偏振方向。第二偏振裝置設在以樣品的位置為起點延伸的一第二方向上，其中第二偏振裝置具有第二偏振方向。旋轉裝置設在第一偏振裝置與第二偏振裝置之間，其中旋轉裝置具有角頻率，且配置以使光線之光強度在經過旋轉裝置後成為角頻率的函數。第一光接收器設在第二方向上，且配置以接收光線。處理模組訊號連接第一光接收器，且配置以根據第一光接收器測量到的光線的光強度計算出對應的穆勒矩陣，並根據穆勒矩陣計算出對應的旋轉角，再根據旋轉角計算出對應之樣品的濃度。According to the above-mentioned purpose of the present disclosure, a concentration sensing system is proposed, comprising a laser source, a first polarization device, a second polarization device, a rotation device, a first light receiver, and a processing module. The laser source is configured to emit light in a first direction. The first polarization device is arranged in the first direction and between the sample and the laser source, wherein the first polarization device has a first polarization direction. The second polarization device is arranged in a second direction extending from the position of the sample, wherein the second polarization device has a second polarization direction. The rotation device is arranged between the first polarization device and the second polarization device, wherein the rotation device has an angular frequency and is configured so that the light intensity of the light becomes a function of the angular frequency after passing through the rotation device. The first light receiver is arranged in the second direction and configured to receive the light. The processing module signal is connected to the first light receiver and is configured to calculate the corresponding Mueller matrix according to the light intensity of the light measured by the first light receiver, calculate the corresponding rotation angle according to the Mueller matrix, and then calculate the concentration of the corresponding sample according to the rotation angle.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之第一方向與第二方向垂直，且濃度感測系統是反射式濃度感測系統。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the concentration sensing system is a reflective concentration sensing system.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之第一方向與第二方向平行，且濃度感測系統是穿透式濃度感測系統。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first direction is parallel to the second direction, and the concentration sensing system is a penetrating concentration sensing system.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之第一偏振方向與第二偏振方向垂直。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之旋轉裝置設在第一偏振裝置與樣品之間。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotating device is disposed between the first polarizing device and the sample.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之旋轉裝置設在樣品與第二偏振裝置之間。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotating device is disposed between the sample and the second polarizing device.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之旋轉裝置包含旋轉偏振器。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the rotating device comprises a rotating polarizer.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之濃度感測系統更包含分光器。分光器設在雷射源與第一偏振裝置之間，且配置以將光線分裂為第一光線與第二光線，其中第一光線沿第一方向前進，第二光線沿第三方向前進。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned concentration sensing system further includes a beam splitter. The beam splitter is disposed between the laser source and the first polarization device and is configured to split the light into a first light and a second light, wherein the first light travels along a first direction and the second light travels along a third direction.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之濃度感測系統更包含第二光接收器。第二光接收器訊號連接處理模組，且配置以接收沿第三方向前進之第二光線。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned concentration sensing system further includes a second light receiver. The second light receiver is signal-connected to the processing module and is configured to receive a second light beam traveling along the third direction.

根據本揭露之一些實施例，上述之處理模組更配置以藉由第二光線抵銷第一光線之幾何擾動所產生的誤差。According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processing module is further configured to offset the error caused by the geometric perturbation of the first light by the second light.

由上述本揭露實施方式可知，本揭露主要是透過旋轉裝置的設計，使雷射源發射出來的光在經過旋轉裝置後成為角頻率的函數，故可運用於時變分析。光在射向樣品後將產生旋轉角，並在沿第二方向穿過第二偏振裝置後由第一光接收器所接收。在接收光線後，處理模組將進行時變分析，並從對應產生的穆勒矩陣中推算出樣品的濃度，因此本揭露之濃度感測系統在應用於血糖濃度測量時無須侵入人體即可測量血糖濃度。另外，本揭露之濃度感測系統還包含第二光接收器，第二光接收器在接收分光器所分離出的光線後將傳送光至處理模組，藉以抵銷光線之幾何擾動所產生的誤差，進而提升濃度感測系統的量測準確度。From the above-mentioned implementation methods of the present disclosure, it can be known that the present disclosure mainly uses the design of a rotating device to make the light emitted by the laser source become a function of angular frequency after passing through the rotating device, so it can be used for time-varying analysis. After the light is emitted to the sample, a rotation angle will be generated, and it will be received by the first light receiver after passing through the second polarization device along the second direction. After receiving the light, the processing module will perform time-varying analysis and deduce the concentration of the sample from the corresponding Mueller matrix. Therefore, when the concentration sensing system of the present disclosure is applied to blood sugar concentration measurement, it can measure blood sugar concentration without invading the human body. In addition, the concentration sensing system disclosed herein further includes a second light receiver, which transmits the light to the processing module after receiving the light separated by the spectrometer, so as to offset the error caused by the geometric disturbance of the light, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the concentration sensing system.

以下仔細討論本揭露的實施例。然而，可以理解的是，實施例提供許多可應用的概念，其可實施於各式各樣的特定內容中。所討論與揭示之實施例僅供說明，並非用以限定本揭露之範圍。The following is a detailed discussion of embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is understood that the embodiments provide many applicable concepts that can be implemented in a variety of specific contexts. The embodiments discussed and disclosed are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

請參照圖1，圖1係繪示依照本揭露之一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。本揭露之濃度感測系統100藉由非侵入式的方式感測樣品S1的濃度。在一些實施方式中，樣品S1為生物組織液，生物組織液可包含，但不受限於，去離子水、葡萄糖粉、以及脂質粒等等。在一些例子中，濃度感測系統100可用於感測血糖的濃度，故可應用於非侵入式的血糖檢測裝置上。進一步地，在一例子中，可縮小濃度感測系統100整體的尺寸，以作成穿戴式血糖感測裝置。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Theconcentration sensing system 100 of the present disclosure senses the concentration of a sample S1 in a non-invasive manner. In some embodiments, the sample S1 is a biological tissue fluid, which may include, but is not limited to, deionized water, glucose powder, and lipid particles, etc. In some examples, theconcentration sensing system 100 can be used to sense the concentration of blood glucose, and therefore can be applied to a non-invasive blood glucose detection device. Furthermore, in one example, the overall size of theconcentration sensing system 100 can be reduced to make a wearable blood glucose sensing device.

請參照圖1，濃度感測系統100包含雷射源200、第一偏振裝置300、旋轉裝置400、第二偏振裝置500、第一光接收器600、以及處理模組700。雷射源200配置以朝第一方向D1發射光線。在一實施方式中，雷射源200所發出之光線可以是可見光、紅外線、或任何其他可用以檢測樣品S1之電磁波。本揭露之雷射源200並不限於任何波源，惟只須能穿透樣品S1或被樣品S1反射，並可使處理模組700在接收後進行分析即可。Referring to FIG. 1 , theconcentration sensing system 100 includes alaser source 200, a first polarizingdevice 300, arotating device 400, a second polarizingdevice 500, afirst light receiver 600, and aprocessing module 700. Thelaser source 200 is configured to emit light in a first direction D1. In one embodiment, the light emitted by thelaser source 200 can be visible light, infrared light, or any other electromagnetic wave that can be used to detect the sample S1. Thelaser source 200 disclosed herein is not limited to any wave source, but only needs to be able to penetrate the sample S1 or be reflected by the sample S1, and enable theprocessing module 700 to perform analysis after receiving it.

如圖1所示，第一偏振裝置300設在位於第一方向D1上，並位於樣品S1與雷射源200之間。第一偏振裝置300具有第一偏振方向。第一偏振裝置300配置以使光線在通過第一偏振裝置300後具有第一偏振態，並可對入射光線的電場作選擇，使電場方向與第一偏振方向垂直的光線無法通過。在一些實施方式中，定義第一偏振裝置300之偏振角度為0度。在一些實施方式中，第一偏振裝置300可以包含改變電磁波偏振狀態的任何裝置，例如偏振片、液晶等等。As shown in FIG1 , thefirst polarization device 300 is disposed in a first direction D1 and between the sample S1 and thelaser source 200. Thefirst polarization device 300 has a first polarization direction. Thefirst polarization device 300 is configured so that the light has a first polarization state after passing through thefirst polarization device 300, and can select the electric field of the incident light so that the light whose electric field direction is perpendicular to the first polarization direction cannot pass. In some embodiments, the polarization angle of thefirst polarization device 300 is defined as 0 degrees. In some embodiments, thefirst polarization device 300 can include any device that changes the polarization state of electromagnetic waves, such as a polarizer, liquid crystal, etc.

第二偏振裝置500設在以樣品S1的位置為起點延伸的第二方向D2上。第二偏振裝置500具有第二偏振方向，且配置以使通過第二偏振裝置500之光線具有第二偏振態。具體而言，在光線經過旋轉裝置400以及樣品S1後，光線將藉由透射的方式沿第二方向D2前進，並射向位在第二方向D2上的第二偏振裝置500。第二偏振裝置500可對入射光線的電場作選擇，使電場方向與第二偏振方向垂直的光線無法通過。在一些實施方式中，定義第二偏振裝置500之偏振角度為90度。在一些例子中，第一偏振裝置300的第一偏振方向與第二偏振裝置500的第二偏振方向垂直，故第一偏振裝置300可作為起偏板(polarizer)，用以將非偏振光變為偏振光，而第二偏振裝置500可作為檢偏板(analyzer)，用以檢驗偏振光的狀態。Thesecond polarization device 500 is disposed in a second direction D2 extending from the position of the sample S1. Thesecond polarization device 500 has a second polarization direction and is configured so that the light passing through thesecond polarization device 500 has a second polarization state. Specifically, after the light passes through therotating device 400 and the sample S1, the light will advance along the second direction D2 by transmission and be directed toward thesecond polarization device 500 located in the second direction D2. Thesecond polarization device 500 can select the electric field of the incident light so that the light whose electric field direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction cannot pass. In some embodiments, the polarization angle of thesecond polarization device 500 is defined as 90 degrees. In some examples, the first polarization direction of thefirst polarization device 300 is perpendicular to the second polarization direction of thesecond polarization device 500, so thefirst polarization device 300 can be used as a polarizer to convert non-polarized light into polarized light, and thesecond polarization device 500 can be used as an analyzer to detect the state of polarized light.

旋轉裝置400設在第一偏振裝置300與第二偏振裝置500之間。旋轉裝置400配置以使光線之光強度在經過旋轉裝置400後成為角頻率的函數。具體而言，旋轉裝置400之偏振方向以光線行進方向為軸作旋轉，並具有角頻率，故通過旋轉裝置400之光線的偏振方向也將隨著旋轉裝置400之偏振方向的旋轉而旋轉，且光線的光強度可以角頻率的函數表示。Therotating device 400 is disposed between the first polarizingdevice 300 and the second polarizingdevice 500. Therotating device 400 is configured so that the light intensity of the light becomes a function of the angular frequency after passing through therotating device 400. Specifically, the polarization direction of therotating device 400 rotates about the direction of travel of the light and has an angular frequency, so the polarization direction of the light passing through therotating device 400 will also rotate with the rotation of the polarization direction of therotating device 400, and the light intensity of the light can be expressed as a function of the angular frequency.

此外，旋轉裝置400可以透過馬達（未繪示）的驅動來旋轉，其中上述馬達的轉軸是空心的，並可沿著第一方向D1延伸，以使轉軸具有可供光線穿透的通孔。如此，旋轉裝置400能沿著平行於第一方向D1的軸心（相當於圖1所示的第一方向D1）而旋轉，而光線（例如雷射源200發出的光線）能穿透旋轉裝置400與前述馬達。In addition, therotating device 400 can be rotated by being driven by a motor (not shown), wherein the shaft of the motor is hollow and can extend along the first direction D1 so that the shaft has a through hole for light to penetrate. In this way, therotating device 400 can rotate along an axis parallel to the first direction D1 (equivalent to the first direction D1 shown in FIG. 1 ), and light (e.g., light emitted by the laser source 200) can penetrate therotating device 400 and the motor.

須強調的是，本揭露之圖1僅僅作為例示，而非用以限定作為目的。在一些實施方式中，旋轉裝置400係設在第一偏振裝置300與樣品S1之間，故光線在通過第一偏振裝置300後會先通過旋轉裝置400，再通過樣品S1。在另一些實施方式中，旋轉裝置400設在樣品S1與第二偏振裝置500之間，故光線在通過第一偏振裝置300後會先通過樣品S1，再通過旋轉裝置400。在此二實施方式中，旋轉裝置400皆可達到使光線的強度成為角頻率的函數的功效，故此二實施方式中，通過旋轉裝置400的光線皆可進行時變分析。在一些例子中，旋轉裝置400包含旋轉偏振器。在另一些例子中，旋轉裝置400包含法拉第旋光器。It should be emphasized that FIG. 1 of the present disclosure is only for illustration and is not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, therotating device 400 is disposed between the first polarizingdevice 300 and the sample S1, so that after passing through the first polarizingdevice 300, the light first passes through therotating device 400 and then passes through the sample S1. In other embodiments, therotating device 400 is disposed between the sample S1 and the secondpolarizing device 500, so after passing through the firstpolarizing device 300, the light first passes through the sample S1 and then passes through therotating device 400. In both of these embodiments, therotating device 400 can achieve the effect of making the intensity of the light a function of the angular frequency, so in both of these embodiments, the light passing through therotating device 400 can be subjected to time-varying analysis. In some examples, therotating device 400 includes a rotating polarizer. In some other examples, therotating device 400 includes a Faraday rotator.

如圖1所示，第一光接收器600設在第二方向D2上，且配置以接收來自第二偏振裝置500之光線。在一些實施方式中，雷射源200發射光線之第一方向D1與第二方向D2平行，且濃度感測系統100為穿透式濃度感測系統，即光線與樣品S1作用後產生之光線將穿透樣品S1，並沿第二方向D2穿過第二偏振裝置500，最後到達第一光接收器600。As shown in FIG1 , thefirst light receiver 600 is disposed in the second direction D2 and is configured to receive light from the secondpolarizing device 500. In some embodiments, the first direction D1 in which thelaser source 200 emits light is parallel to the second direction D2, and theconcentration sensing system 100 is a transmissive concentration sensing system, that is, the light generated after the light interacts with the sample S1 will penetrate the sample S1 and pass through the secondpolarizing device 500 along the second direction D2, and finally reach thefirst light receiver 600.

處理模組700訊號連接第一光接收器600。處理模組700配置以根據第一光接收器600測量到的光線的光強度計算出對應的穆勒矩陣(Mueller matrix)，並根據穆勒矩陣計算出對應的旋轉角，再根據旋轉角計算出對應之樣品S1的濃度。Theprocessing module 700 is signal-connected to thefirst light receiver 600. Theprocessing module 700 is configured to calculate a corresponding Mueller matrix according to the light intensity of the light measured by thefirst light receiver 600, calculate a corresponding rotation angle according to the Mueller matrix, and then calculate a corresponding concentration of the sample S1 according to the rotation angle.

請參照圖2，圖2係繪示依照本揭露之另一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。在此實施方式中，類似於濃度感測系統100，濃度感測系統800包含雷射源900、第一偏振裝置1000、旋轉裝置1100、第二偏振裝置1200、第一光接收器1300、分光器1400、第二光接收器1500、以及處理模組1600。由於濃度感測系統800之雷射源900、第一偏振裝置1000、旋轉裝置1100、第二偏振裝置1200、第一光接收器1300、以及處理模組1600皆與圖1中對應之相同名稱之元件的功能相同，故在此不再贅述。濃度感測系統800與濃度感測系統100的主要差異在於，雷射源900與樣品S1之間的第一方向D1與以樣品S1的位置為起點延伸的第二方向D2垂直。Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, similar to theconcentration sensing system 100 , theconcentration sensing system 800 includes alaser source 900, afirst polarization device 1000, arotation device 1100, asecond polarization device 1200, afirst light receiver 1300, abeam splitter 1400, asecond light receiver 1500, and aprocessing module 1600. Since thelaser source 900 , thefirst polarization device 1000 , therotation device 1100 , thesecond polarization device 1200 , thefirst light receiver 1300 , and theprocessing module 1600 of theconcentration sensing system 800 have the same functions as the corresponding components of the same names in FIG. 1 , they will not be described in detail here. The main difference between theconcentration sensing system 800 and theconcentration sensing system 100 is that the first direction D1 between thelaser source 900 and the sample S1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2 extending from the position of the sample S1.

此時，濃度感測系統800為反射式濃度感測系統，即光線照射樣品S1後產生之光線將經由樣品S1反射，並沿第二方向D2穿過第二偏振裝置1200，最後到達第一光接收器1300。在本實施方式中，濃度感測系統800更包含分光器1400。分光器1400設在雷射源900與第一偏振裝置1000之間。分光器1400配置以將雷射源900所發射之光線分裂為第一光線L1與第二光線L2，其中第一光線L1沿第一方向D1前進，第二光線L2沿第三方向D3前進。另外，須說明的是，在其他實施例中，濃度感測系統800可以不包含分光器1400，所以圖2所示的分光器1400僅供舉例說明，不限定本發明。At this time, theconcentration sensing system 800 is a reflective concentration sensing system, that is, the light generated after the light irradiates the sample S1 will be reflected by the sample S1, pass through thesecond polarization device 1200 along the second direction D2, and finally reach thefirst light receiver 1300. In this embodiment, theconcentration sensing system 800 further includes abeam splitter 1400. Thebeam splitter 1400 is disposed between thelaser source 900 and thefirst polarization device 1000. Thebeam splitter 1400 is configured to split the light emitted by thelaser source 900 into a first light beam L1 and a second light beam L2, wherein the first light beam L1 advances along the first direction D1, and the second light beam L2 advances along the third direction D3. In addition, it should be noted that in other embodiments, theconcentration sensing system 800 may not include thespectrometer 1400, so thespectrometer 1400 shown in FIG. 2 is only provided for illustration and does not limit the present invention.

在一些實施方式中，濃度感測系統800更包含第二光接收器1500。第二光接收器1500訊號連接處理模組1600。第二光接收器1500配置以接收沿第三方向D3前進的第二光線L2。在這些實施方式中，處理模組1600更配置以藉由第二光線L2抵銷第一光線L1經由樣品S1反射後產生之光線的幾何擾動所產生的誤差，故可提升處理模組1600所接收之光線的準確性。In some embodiments, theconcentration sensing system 800 further includes asecond light receiver 1500. Thesecond light receiver 1500 is signal-connected to theprocessing module 1600. Thesecond light receiver 1500 is configured to receive a second light beam L2 traveling along a third direction D3. In these embodiments, theprocessing module 1600 is further configured to offset the error caused by the geometric disturbance of the light beam generated by the first light beam L1 after being reflected by the sample S1 by the second light beam L2, thereby improving the accuracy of the light beam received by theprocessing module 1600.

以下將說明如何根據穆勒矩陣與光線的強度來計算出樣品的濃度。為說明入射光與在經過光學系統作用後出射之出射光的關係，首先介紹史托克斯向量(stokes vector)。史托克斯向量係用以描述電磁輻射之偏振態的向量，其可用一組4x1階之矩陣表示其中為電磁波之強度(intensity)，與為電磁波之強度、偏光率(degree of polarization)、橢圓傾角 (orientation angle)、以及橢圓率(elliptical angle)的函數，則是電磁波之強度、偏光率、以及橢圓率的函數。詳細之史托克斯向量的分量如何以電磁波之強度、偏光率、橢圓傾角、以及橢圓率來表示，係為本領域具有通常知識者可理解之知識，故在此不再贅述。The following will explain how to calculate the sample concentration based on the Mueller matrix and the intensity of light. To explain the relationship between the incident light and the outgoing light after passing through the optical system, we first introduce the Stokes vector. The Stokes vector is a vector used to describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation, which can be represented by a 4x1 matrix. in is the intensity of electromagnetic waves. and It is a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave, the degree of polarization, the orientation angle, and the elliptical angle. It is a function of the intensity, polarization, and ellipticity of the electromagnetic wave. The details of how the components of the Stokes vector are expressed in terms of the intensity, polarization, elliptic tilt, and ellipticity of the electromagnetic wave are known to those with ordinary knowledge in this field, so we will not elaborate on them here.

假定入射光之史托克斯向量為，在入射光經過光學系統作用後之出射光的史托克斯向量為，則與之間的關係可用以下之關係式來表示其中M為4x4階之穆勒矩陣。穆勒矩陣中之元(entry)與光學系統之配置有關。具體而言，本揭露之濃度感測系統100利用穆勒矩陣的元與光旋轉角(optical rotation angle)相關的特性，運用時變分析來取得光旋轉角，並使用以下式子來求出樣品的濃度其中是光旋轉角，是樣品的旋光度，c是樣品的濃度，L是光通過的光程。因此，本揭露之樣品產生的光旋轉角正比於樣品的濃度與光程的長度。使用者可輕易利用各種測量工具測量光程L，並在測量出光旋轉角後利用已知的物質的旋光度計算出樣品濃度c。Assume that the Stokes vector of the incident light is , the Stokes vector of the outgoing light after the incident light passes through the optical system is , then and The relationship between them can be expressed by the following equation: WhereM is a 4x4 Mueller matrix. The entry in the Mueller matrix is related to the configuration of the optical system. Specifically, theconcentration sensing system 100 disclosed herein utilizes the characteristics of the Mueller matrix entry related to the optical rotation angle, uses time-varying analysis to obtain the optical rotation angle, and uses the following formula to calculate the concentration of the sample: in is the light rotation angle, is the optical rotation of the sample, c is the concentration of the sample, and L is the optical path length of the light. Therefore, the light rotation angle generated by the sample disclosed in the present invention is proportional to the concentration of the sample and the length of the optical path. Users can easily use various measurement tools to measure the optical path L, and measure the light rotation angle. Then use the known optical rotation of the substance Calculate the sample concentration c.

以下分別針對圖1之濃度感測系統100以及圖2之濃度感測系統800來說明如何根據穆勒矩陣計算出對應的旋轉角。在如圖1所示之濃度感測系統100中，雷射源200發出之光線的史托克斯向量與第一光接收器600所接收之光線的史托克斯向量之間的關係式可表示為其中是第一偏振裝置300的穆勒矩陣，是旋轉裝置400的穆勒矩陣，是樣品S1的穆勒矩陣，且是第二偏振裝置500的穆勒矩陣。進一步地展開式子後，以上之關係式可表示為其中是光旋轉角，是旋轉裝置400的角頻率。經過適當的處理後，第一光接收器600所接收之光線的光強度I可表示為將此式子以傅立葉展開式來表示以上的係數、以及皆可經由處理模組700運用快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier transform，FFT)的方式所得知。有關快速傅立葉轉換的運用係為本領域具有通常知識者可理解之知識，故在此不再贅述。求得係數、以及後，即可運用以下式子來求得光旋轉角以上之運用快速傅立葉轉換取得光強度之傅立葉展開式中的係數，再利用反正切公式取得光螺旋角ψ的方法稱為反正切法(arctangent algorithm)。The following describes how to calculate the corresponding rotation angle according to the Mueller matrix for theconcentration sensing system 100 of FIG. 1 and theconcentration sensing system 800 of FIG. 2 . In theconcentration sensing system 100 shown in FIG. 1 , the Stokes vector of the light emitted by thelaser source 200 is and the Stokes vector of the light received by thefirst light receiver 600 The relationship between them can be expressed as in is the Mueller matrix of thefirst polarization device 300, is the Mueller matrix of therotating device 400, is the Mueller matrix of sample S1, and is the Mueller matrix of thesecond polarization device 500. After further expansion, the above relationship can be expressed as in is the light rotation angle, is the angular frequency of therotating device 400. After appropriate processing, the light intensity I of the light received by thefirst light receiver 600 can be expressed as This formula can be expressed as Fourier expansion The above coefficients ,as well as All of these can be obtained by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method in theprocessing module 700. The application of Fast Fourier Transform is knowledge that can be understood by those with ordinary knowledge in this field, so it will not be elaborated here. ,as well as Then, the following formula can be used to calculate the light rotation angle The above method of using fast Fourier transform to obtain the coefficients in the Fourier expansion of light intensity and then using the inverse tangent formula to obtain the light spiral angle ψ is called the arctangent algorithm.

請參照圖3，圖3係繪示依照本揭露之一些實施方式之處理模組的裝置示意圖。在另一些實施方式中，處理模組700可利用鎖相法(lock-in algorithm)來從光強度中取得光旋轉角。在這些實施方式中，處理模組700包含倍數器710、低通濾波器720、以及直流放大器730。倍數器710訊號連接低通濾波器720、輸入訊號源I1、以及參考訊號源I2。在這些實施方式中，輸入訊號源I1將傳送光線至倍數器710，並使光線的訊號與參考訊號源I2的時變參考訊號相乘，藉以得到非時變項。具體而言，參考光線的光強度I中包含角頻率是的項設定參考訊號為藉由倍數器710將訊號與訊號相乘後，即可求得非時變項故通過低通濾波器720過濾高頻項與通過直流放大器730放大非時變項後可得直流訊號故使用者可由此鎖相法輕易得到光旋轉角。Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic diagram of a processing module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, theprocessing module 700 may utilize a lock-in algorithm to obtain the light rotation angle from the light intensity. In these embodiments, theprocessing module 700 includes amultiplier 710, a low-pass filter 720, and aDC amplifier 730. Themultiplier 710 is signal-connected to the low-pass filter 720, the input signal source I1, and the reference signal source I2. In these embodiments, the input signal source I1 transmits light to themultiplier 710, and multiplies the light signal with the time-varying reference signal of the reference signal source I2 to obtain a non-time-varying term. Specifically, the light intensity I of the reference light includes an angular frequency of Item Set the reference signal to The signal is multiplied by themultiplier 710. and signal After multiplication, we can obtain the time-independent variable Therefore, after filtering the high frequency term through thelow pass filter 720 and amplifying the time-invariant term through theDC amplifier 730, a DC signal can be obtained. Therefore, users can easily obtain the light rotation angle by this phase-locking method. .

以下針對圖2之反射式之濃度感測系統800如何取得穆勒矩陣，並計算出對應的旋轉角來說明。如圖2所示之濃度感測系統800中，雷射源900發出之光線的史托克斯向量與第一光接收器1300所接收之光線的史托克斯向量之間的關係式可表示為其中是第一偏振裝置1000的穆勒矩陣，是旋轉裝置1100的穆勒矩陣，是樣品S1的穆勒矩陣，是第二偏振裝置1200的穆勒矩陣，而是用以模擬散射現象所加入之去極化穆勒矩陣。進一步地展開式子後，以上之關係式可表示為其中、、以及為去極化因子，是光旋轉角，是旋轉裝置1100的角頻率。經過適當的處理後，第一光接收器1300所接收之光線的光強度I可表示為取得此光強度I的表示式後，將此式子以傅立葉展開式來表示以上係數、以及也可經由處理模組1600運用快速傅立葉轉換(FFT)的方式所得知，其中快速傅立葉轉換的運用為本領域具有通常知識者可理解之知識，故在此不再贅述。求得係數、以及後，也可運用反正切法與鎖相法以進一步得出光旋轉角。之後，利用前述載有濃度與光旋轉角關係的公式，得出濃度。The following is an explanation of how to obtain the Mueller matrix and calculate the corresponding rotation angle for the reflectiveconcentration sensing system 800 of FIG2. As shown in FIG2, the Stokes vector of the light emitted by thelaser source 900 is and the Stokes vector of the light received by thefirst light receiver 1300 The relationship between them can be expressed as in is the Mueller matrix of thefirst polarization device 1000, is the Mueller matrix of therotating device 1100, is the Mueller matrix of sample S1. is the Mueller matrix of thesecond polarization device 1200, and is the depolarized Mueller matrix added to simulate the scattering phenomenon. After further expansion, the above relationship can be expressed as in , ,as well as is a depolarizing factor. is the light rotation angle, is the angular frequency of therotating device 1100. After appropriate processing, the light intensity I of the light received by thefirst light receiver 1300 can be expressed as After obtaining the expression of the light intensity I, this expression is expressed in Fourier expansion form: The above coefficients ,as well as It can also be obtained by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in theprocessing module 1600, wherein the application of the fast Fourier transform is knowledge that can be understood by those with ordinary knowledge in the field, so it will not be repeated here. ,as well as After that, the inverse tangent method and phase-locking method can be used to further obtain the light rotation angle. Then, using the above data containing the concentration and light rotation angle The concentration is obtained from the formula of the relationship.

圖4係繪示依照本揭露之另一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。請參閱圖4，濃度感測系統101為穿透式濃度感測系統，並包含旋轉裝置1700，其中在光線入射於旋轉裝置1700之後，旋轉裝置1700也能使光線之光強度成為角頻率的函數，而經過旋轉裝置1700之光線的偏振方向也將隨著旋轉裝置1700的旋轉而旋轉。FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG4 , theconcentration sensing system 101 is a transmissive concentration sensing system and includes arotating device 1700, wherein after the light is incident on therotating device 1700, therotating device 1700 can also make the light intensity of the light become a function of the angular frequency, and the polarization direction of the light passing through therotating device 1700 will also rotate with the rotation of therotating device 1700.

本實施例的濃度感測系統101與前述濃度感測系統100相似，而以下主要敘述濃度感測系統101與100之間的差異，兩者相同特徵基本上不再重複敘述。具體而言，濃度感測系統101與100之間的主要差異在於：前述實施例中的旋轉裝置400與1100是穿透式光學元件，但本實施例中的旋轉裝置1700是反射式光學元件。Theconcentration sensing system 101 of this embodiment is similar to the aforementionedconcentration sensing system 100, and the following mainly describes the difference between theconcentration sensing systems 101 and 100, and the common features of the two are basically not repeated. Specifically, the main difference between theconcentration sensing systems 101 and 100 is that therotating devices 400 and 1100 in the aforementioned embodiments are transmissive optical elements, but therotating device 1700 in this embodiment is a reflective optical element.

旋轉裝置1700能反射雷射源200發出的光線，並將光線反射至樣品S1。因此，有別於圖1所示的實施例，在本實施例中，剛從雷射源200出射的光線會沿著第一方向D1前進，但光線被旋轉裝置1700反射後，會沿著第二方向D2前進，其中圖4中的第一方向D1可垂直於第二方向D2，但不平行於第二方向D2。Therotating device 1700 can reflect the light emitted by thelaser source 200 and reflect the light to the sample S1. Therefore, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG1, in this embodiment, the light just emitted from thelaser source 200 will move along the first direction D1, but after being reflected by therotating device 1700, the light will move along the second direction D2, wherein the first direction D1 in FIG4 may be perpendicular to the second direction D2, but not parallel to the second direction D2.

在圖4所示的實施例中，旋轉裝置1700包括反射層1701與光偏振層1702，其中光偏振層1702與反射層1701彼此堆疊。光偏振層1702能改變光線的偏振方向，而反射層1701能反射光線，以使光線入射至樣品S1。此外，旋轉裝置1700可沿著轉軸（未標示）而旋轉，其中此轉軸可垂直於光偏振層1702與反射層1701兩者的平面，如圖4所示，而旋轉裝置1700可透過馬達（未繪示）的驅動來旋轉。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , therotating device 1700 includes areflective layer 1701 and a lightpolarizing layer 1702, wherein the lightpolarizing layer 1702 and thereflective layer 1701 are stacked on each other. The lightpolarizing layer 1702 can change the polarization direction of light, and thereflective layer 1701 can reflect light so that the light is incident on the sample S1. In addition, therotating device 1700 can rotate along a rotation axis (not shown), wherein the rotation axis can be perpendicular to the planes of the lightpolarizing layer 1702 and thereflective layer 1701, as shown in FIG. 4 , and therotating device 1700 can be rotated by being driven by a motor (not shown).

由於旋轉裝置1700能反射光線，因此光線不用穿透旋轉裝置1700的馬達。相較於穿透式的旋轉裝置400與1100，反射式的旋轉裝置1700可採用構造簡單的馬達，其具有實心轉軸。因此，旋轉裝置1700的製造成本與價格可低於旋轉裝置400與1100的製造成本與價格。Since therotating device 1700 can reflect light, the light does not need to penetrate the motor of therotating device 1700. Compared with the transmissiverotating devices 400 and 1100, the reflectiverotating device 1700 can use a motor with a simple structure and a solid shaft. Therefore, the manufacturing cost and price of therotating device 1700 can be lower than the manufacturing cost and price of therotating devices 400 and 1100.

圖4所示的旋轉裝置1700也可應用於反射式濃度感測系統，如圖5所示。請參閱圖5，圖5所示的濃度感測系統102與前述實施例的濃度感測系統101相似，而濃度感測系統101與102兩者的主要差異在於：濃度感測系統102為反射式濃度感測系統，並接收被樣品S1反射的光線，以使濃度感測系統102的處理模組701對接收到的光線進行時變分析，其中處理模組701可以是前述的處理模組700或1600，而上述時變分析以感測濃度的方法已揭露於前述實施例中，不再重複敘述。Therotating device 1700 shown in FIG4 can also be applied to a reflective concentration sensing system, as shown in FIG5. Referring to FIG5, theconcentration sensing system 102 shown in FIG5 is similar to theconcentration sensing system 101 of the aforementioned embodiment, and the main difference between theconcentration sensing systems 101 and 102 is that theconcentration sensing system 102 is a reflective concentration sensing system, and receives light reflected by the sample S1, so that theprocessing module 701 of theconcentration sensing system 102 performs time-varying analysis on the received light, wherein theprocessing module 701 can be theaforementioned processing module 700 or 1600, and the above-mentioned method of sensing concentration by time-varying analysis has been disclosed in the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated.

值得一提的是，旋轉裝置1700可以使用於前述圖2中的濃度感測系統800。具體而言，在圖2所示的濃度感測系統800中，穿透式的旋轉裝置1100可替換成反射式的旋轉裝置1700，而本案所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可對濃度感測系統800做簡單的光路調整，以使旋轉裝置1700能使用於濃度感測系統800。因此，須強調的是，反射式的旋轉裝置1700也能使用於濃度感測系統800，不限定僅使用於濃度感測系統101與102。It is worth mentioning that therotating device 1700 can be used in theconcentration sensing system 800 in FIG. 2 . Specifically, in theconcentration sensing system 800 shown in FIG. 2 , the transmissiverotating device 1100 can be replaced with a reflectiverotating device 1700, and a person skilled in the art can make a simple optical path adjustment to theconcentration sensing system 800 so that therotating device 1700 can be used in theconcentration sensing system 800. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the reflectiverotating device 1700 can also be used in theconcentration sensing system 800, and is not limited to being used in theconcentration sensing systems 101 and 102.

雖然本揭露已以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本揭露，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本揭露的精神和範圍內，當可作些許的更動與潤飾，故本揭露的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present disclosure has been disclosed as above by way of embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field may make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the definition of the attached patent application scope.

100、101、102：濃度感測系統 200：雷射源 300：第一偏振裝置 400：旋轉裝置 500：第二偏振裝置 600：第一光接收器 700、701：處理模組 710：倍數器 720：低通濾波器 730：直流放大器 800：濃度感測系統 900：雷射源 1000：第一偏振裝置 1100：旋轉裝置 1200：第二偏振裝置 1300：第一光接收器 1400：分光器 1500：第二光接收器 1600：處理模組 1700：旋轉裝置 1701：反射層 1702：光偏振層 D1：第一方向 D2：第二方向 D3：第三方向 I1：輸入訊號源 I2：參考訊號源 L1：第一光線 L2：第二光線 S1：樣品100, 101, 102: Concentration sensing system200: Laser source300: First polarization device400: Rotation device500: Second polarization device600: Firstlight receiver700, 701: Processing module710: Multiplier720: Low pass filter730: DC amplifier800: Concentration sensing system900: Laser source1000: First polarization device1100: Rotation device1200: Second polarization device1300: First light receiver1400: Spectrum splitter1500: Second light receiver1600: Processing module1700: Rotation device1701: Reflection layer1702: Light polarization layerD1: First directionD2: Second directionD3: Third directionI1: Input signal sourceI2: Reference signal sourceL1: First lightL2: Second lightS1: Sample

為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之詳細說明如下：圖1係繪示依照本揭露之一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。圖2係繪示依照本揭露之另一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。圖3係繪示依照本揭露之一些實施方式之處理模組的裝置示意圖。圖4係繪示依照本揭露之另一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。圖5係繪示依照本揭露之另一些實施方式之濃度感測系統的示意圖。In order to make the above and other purposes, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more clearly understandable, the detailed description of the attached figures is as follows: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device of a processing module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a concentration sensing system according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.

國內寄存資訊(請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無國外寄存資訊(請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無Domestic storage information (please note in the order of storage institution, date, and number)NoneForeign storage information (please note in the order of storage country, institution, date, and number)None

800：濃度感測系統 900：雷射源 1000：第一偏振裝置 1100：旋轉裝置 1200：第二偏振裝置 1300：第一光接收器 1400：分光器 1500：第二光接收器 1600：處理模組 D1：第一方向 D2：第二方向 D3：第三方向 L1：第一光線 L2：第二光線 S1：樣品800: Concentration sensing system900: Laser source1000: First polarization device1100: Rotation device1200: Second polarization device1300: First light receiver1400: Spectrometer1500: Second light receiver1600: Processing moduleD1: First directionD2: Second directionD3: Third directionL1: First lightL2: Second lightS1: Sample

Claims

Translated fromChinese

一種濃度感測系統，包含：一雷射源，配置以朝一第一方向發射一光線；一第一偏振裝置，設在位於該第一方向上，並位於一樣品與該雷射源之間，其中該第一偏振裝置具有一第一偏振方向；一第二偏振裝置，設在以該樣品的位置為起點延伸的一第二方向上，其中該第二偏振裝置具有一第二偏振方向；一旋轉裝置，設在該第一偏振裝置與該第二偏振裝置之間，其中該旋轉裝置具有一角頻率，且配置以使該光線之一光強度在經過該旋轉裝置後成為該角頻率的函數；一第一光接收器，設在該第二方向上，且配置以接收該光線；以及一處理模組，訊號連接該第一光接收器，且配置以根據該第一光接收器測量到的該光線的該光強度計算出對應的一穆勒矩陣，並根據該穆勒矩陣計算出對應的一旋轉角，再根據該旋轉角計算出對應之該樣品的一濃度；其中該旋轉裝置適於反射該光線，並將該光線反射至該樣品，該旋轉裝置包括：一反射層，用於反射該光線；以及一光偏振層，與該反射層彼此堆疊，並用於改變該光線的偏振方向，其中該旋轉裝置適於沿著一轉軸而旋轉，而該轉軸垂直於該光偏振層與該反射層兩者的平面。A concentration sensing system includes: a laser source configured to emit a light in a first direction; a first polarizing device disposed in the first direction and between a sample and the laser source, wherein the first polarizing device has a first polarization direction; a second polarizing device disposed in a second direction extending from the position of the sample, wherein the second polarizing device has a second polarization direction; a rotating device disposed between the first polarizing device and the second polarizing device, wherein the rotating device has an angular frequency and is configured so that a light intensity of the light becomes a function of the angular frequency after passing through the rotating device; a first light receiver disposed in the second direction and configured to receive the light; and a processing module, signal-connected to the first light receiver, and configured to calculate a corresponding Mueller matrix according to the light intensity of the light measured by the first light receiver, and calculate a corresponding rotation angle according to the Mueller matrix, and then calculate a corresponding concentration of the sample according to the rotation angle; wherein the rotating device is suitable for reflecting the light and reflecting the light to the sample, and the rotating device includes: a reflection layer for reflecting the light; and a light polarization layer, which is stacked with the reflection layer and is used to change the polarization direction of the light, wherein the rotating device is suitable for rotating along an axis, and the axis is perpendicular to the planes of the light polarization layer and the reflection layer.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該第一方向與該第二方向垂直，且該濃度感測系統是一反射式濃度感測系統。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the concentration sensing system is a reflective concentration sensing system.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該第一方向與該第二方向平行，且該濃度感測系統是一穿透式濃度感測系統。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the first direction is parallel to the second direction, and the concentration sensing system is a penetrating concentration sensing system.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該第一偏振方向與該第二偏振方向垂直。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該旋轉裝置設在該第一偏振裝置與該樣品之間。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating device is disposed between the first polarizing device and the sample.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該旋轉裝置設在該樣品與該第二偏振裝置之間。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating device is disposed between the sample and the second polarizing device.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該旋轉裝置包含一旋轉偏振器。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating device comprises a rotating polarizer.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，更包含：一分光器，設在該雷射源與該第一偏振裝置之間，且配置以將該光線分裂為一第一光線與一第二光線，其中該第一光線沿該第一方向前進，該第二光線沿一第三方向前進。The concentration sensing system as described in claim 1 further comprises: a beam splitter disposed between the laser source and the first polarization device and configured to split the light into a first light and a second light, wherein the first light travels along the first direction and the second light travels along a third direction.

如請求項8所述之濃度感測系統，更包含：一第二光接收器，訊號連接該處理模組，且配置以接收沿該第三方向前進之該第二光線。The concentration sensing system as described in claim 8 further comprises: a second light receiver, signal-connected to the processing module and configured to receive the second light traveling along the third direction.

如請求項9所述之濃度感測系統，其中該處理模組更配置以藉由該第二光線抵銷該第一光線之一幾何擾動所產生的誤差。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 9, wherein the processing module is further configured to offset an error caused by a geometric perturbation of the first light beam by the second light beam.

如請求項1所述之濃度感測系統，其中該旋轉裝置適於沿著平行於該第一方向的一軸心而旋轉，且該光線穿透該旋轉裝置。A concentration sensing system as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating device is adapted to rotate along an axis parallel to the first direction, and the light penetrates the rotating device.