本發明關於一種選擇最有利內容傳遞網路(Content Delivery Network，CDN)的方法，特別是一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法。The present invention relates to a method for selecting the most advantageous content delivery network (Content Delivery Network, CDN), in particular to a method for dynamic content delivery network switching.
CDN是組織分佈在不同地理位置的邊緣位置伺服器，協同工作以提供網際網路內容快速交付的架構。由於提供內容資訊的主伺服器與客戶終端間的物理距離不見得較這些邊緣位置伺服器來得近，兩者之間的物理距離越長，兩者間資訊傳輸時間也越長，中間經過的網路基礎建設發生損壞或訊號傳輸延遲的機會也增加，而較短的傳輸時間代表更快的服務。因此，利用CDN邊緣位置伺服器快取主伺服器提供的內容資訊以支援就近的客戶終端需求，便是CDN提供主伺服器營運商快速與高品質傳遞內容的基本原理。在流量為王的資訊競爭世代裡，不論是內容提供商、社交平台服務商，甚至是即時通訊服務商，為了提升客戶滿意度，使用CDN來進行資訊傳送已成了硬需求。CDN is an architecture that organizes edge location servers distributed in different geographical locations and works together to provide fast delivery of Internet content. Since the physical distance between the main server providing content information and the client terminal is not necessarily closer than these edge location servers, the longer the physical distance between the two, the longer the information transmission time between the two, and the chance of damage to the network infrastructure or signal transmission delay in the middle also increases. Shorter transmission time means faster service. Therefore, using CDN edge location servers to cache content information provided by the main server to support the needs of nearby client terminals is the basic principle of CDN to provide main server operators with fast and high-quality content delivery. In the information competition era where traffic is king, whether it is content providers, social platform service providers, or even instant messaging service providers, in order to improve customer satisfaction, using CDN for information transmission has become a hard requirement.
實務上，可提供主伺服器CDN服務的營運商不只一個，每個CDN營運商因為基礎設施的建置不同而對特定區域(如國度)響應速度的掌控能力也不盡相同。此外，即便一個區域服務品質好的CDN營運商，在同時間面對突然增加的客戶終端需求，也有可能應接不暇，造成了某些時段這些優質CDN營運商的服務品質還比不上其它較差的CDN營運商。然而，主伺服器營運商對他們合作的CDN營運商的表現無法掌握，這造成了一個潛在的風險：客戶終端的需求若是無法經由現有CDN得到及時回饋，使用者對主伺服器營運商提供的服務便會失去信心，進而轉進至其對手，造成商業上不可彌補的損失。In practice, there are more than one operator that can provide CDN services for the main server. Each CDN operator has different control over the response speed of a specific region (such as a country) due to different infrastructure construction. In addition, even if a CDN operator with good service quality in a region is faced with a sudden increase in customer terminal demands at the same time, it may be overwhelmed, resulting in the service quality of these high-quality CDN operators being inferior to other poorer CDN operators during certain periods of time. However, the main server operators cannot control the performance of the CDN operators they cooperate with, which creates a potential risk: if the customer's terminal needs cannot be promptly fed back through the existing CDN, users will lose confidence in the services provided by the main server operators and switch to their competitors, resulting in irreparable commercial losses.
一般來說，主伺服器營運商也了解上述的風險，他們在商業運作上也會同時簽約數個CDN營運商，藉由過去的經驗來動態調整每個時段每個區域使用的CDN。然而，這些運作上的調整是基於過往的歷史參數，甚至是操作員的主觀想法，當下選擇的CDN對主伺服器提供的服務是否能發揮最大成效，沒有可驗證的數據基礎。為了解決這種尷尬困境，從而有本發明之動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的提出。Generally speaking, the main server operators also understand the above risks. In business operations, they will also sign contracts with several CDN operators at the same time, and dynamically adjust the CDN used in each time period and each region based on past experience. However, these operational adjustments are based on past historical parameters, or even the subjective ideas of the operators. There is no verifiable data basis for whether the currently selected CDN can provide the service provided by the main server with the greatest effect. In order to solve this embarrassing dilemma, the dynamic content delivery network switching method of the present invention is proposed.
本段文字提取和編譯本發明的某些特點。其它特點將被揭露於後續段落中。其目的在涵蓋附加的申請專利範圍之精神和範圍中，各式的修改和類似的排列。This paragraph extracts and compiles certain features of the invention. Other features will be revealed in subsequent paragraphs. Its purpose is to cover various modifications and similar arrangements within the spirit and scope of the attached patent application.
為了解決前述問題，本發明提出一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法。該方法包含：a)於一主伺服器提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個內容傳遞網路(Content Delivery Network，CDN)節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址；b)對連向該網域的複數個使用終端，由該主伺服器提供該主頁內容，並指定該些CDN節點之一提供該部分內容資料；c)於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行以下作業：與一監控伺服器維持連線；計算發出連線需求到接收到該部分內容資料間的時間差，以及後續在瀏覽其它該部分內容資料時反饋的時間差；及持續且及時將計算得到的任一時間差與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給該監控伺服器；以及d)由該監控伺服器接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行以下作業：將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新傳送的時間差，並動態進行百等分排列；在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的時間差的一平均值，並將該些CDN節點依照對應的CDN網址的該平均值由小到大，進行一優化排序；及當該調整時段結束時，通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者，或通知在任一分類中時間差之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for dynamically switching content delivery networks. The method comprises: a) adding a script code to a homepage content in content data of an original domain provided by a main server, and caching a portion of the content data in a plurality of content delivery networks in a region; a) providing the home page content to multiple user terminals connected to the domain, and designating one of the CDN nodes to provide the content data; c) running the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform the following operations: maintaining a connection with a monitoring server; calculating the time difference between issuing a connection request and receiving the content data, and the time difference fed back when browsing other content data; and continuously and timely transmitting any calculated time difference and the CDN address of the connected CDN node to the monitoring server through the user terminal; and d) receiving the monitoring server from the monitoring server The data transmitted by the user terminal is cyclically executed as follows: each user terminal is classified according to the CDN URL it transmits, and the transmission time difference is updated for each user terminal in each category, and the percentile ranking is dynamically performed; within an adjustment period, an average value of the latest transmission time difference of all user terminals in each category is calculated, and the CDN nodes are optimized in ascending order according to the average value of the corresponding CDN URL; and when the adjustment period ends, all user terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value are notified that the CDN node that switches the connection is the best in the optimization ranking, or all user terminals in any category whose time difference percentile ranking is lower than a threshold percentage value are notified that the CDN node that switches the connection is the best in the optimization ranking.
為了解決前述問題，本發明還提出另一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法。該方法包含：a)於一主伺服器提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個CDN節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址；b)對連向該網域的複數個使用終端，由該主伺服器提供該主頁內容，並指定該些CDN節點之一提供該部分內容資料；c)於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行以下作業：與一監控伺服器維持連線；持續取得該部分內容資料中含有的一串流資訊的下載流量；及定時將取得的下載流量與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給該監控伺服器；以及d)由該監控伺服器接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行以下作業：將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新最近傳送的下載流量，並動態進行百等分排列；在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的下載流量的一平均值，並將該些CDN節點依照對應的CDN網址的該平均值由大到小，進行一優化排序；及當該調整時段結束時，通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者，或通知在任一分類中下載流量之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also proposes another method for dynamic content delivery network switching. The method comprises: a) adding a script code to a homepage content in content data of an original domain provided by a main server, and caching a portion of the content data in a plurality of CDN nodes in a region, each CDN node generates a specific CDN URL for the portion of the content data; b) providing the homepage content to a plurality of user terminals connected to the domain, and specifying the c) running the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform the following operations: maintaining a connection with a monitoring server; continuously obtaining the download flow of a stream of streaming information contained in the part of the content data; and regularly transmitting the obtained download flow and the CDN URL of the connected CDN node to the monitoring server through the user terminal; and d) the monitoring server The control server receives data sent from the user terminals and performs the following operations in a loop: classify each user terminal according to the CDN address it sends, and update the most recently sent download traffic for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically rank them by percentile; within an adjustment period, calculate an average value of the most recently sent download traffic of all user terminals in each category, and optimize the order of the CDN nodes according to the average value of the corresponding CDN address from large to small; and when the adjustment period ends, notify all user terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization order, or notify all user terminals in any category whose download traffic percentile ranking is lower than a threshold percentage value that the CDN node that switched the connection is the best optimization order.
為了解決前述問題，本發明還提出又一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法。該方法包含：a)於一主伺服器提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個CDN節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址，其中每一CDN節點設定一權重值；b)對連向該網域的複數個使用終端，由該主伺服器提供該主頁內容，並指定該些CDN節點之一提供該部分內容資料；c)於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行以下作業：與一監控伺服器維持連線；計算發出連線需求到接收到該部分內容資料間的時間差，以及後續在瀏覽其它該部分內容資料時反饋的時間差；及持續且及時將計算得到的任一時間差與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給該監控伺服器；以及d)由該監控伺服器接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行以下作業：將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新傳送的時間差，並動態進行百等分排列；在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的時間差的一平均值；及當該調整時段結束時，通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者，或通知在任一分類中時間差之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。To solve the above problems, the present invention also proposes another method for dynamic content delivery network switching. The method comprises: a) adding a script code to a homepage content in content data of an original domain provided by a main server, and caching a portion of the content data in a plurality of CDN nodes in a region, each CDN node generates a specific CDN URL for the portion of the content data, wherein a weight value is set for each CDN node; b) for a plurality of user terminals connected to the domain, the main server Provide the homepage content and designate one of the CDN nodes to provide the portion of content data; c) Run the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform the following operations: maintain a connection with a monitoring server; calculate the time difference between issuing a connection request and receiving the portion of content data, as well as the time difference fed back when browsing other portions of content data; and continuously and timely compare any calculated time difference with The CDN address of the connected CDN node is transmitted to the monitoring server through the user terminal; and d) the monitoring server receives the data transmitted from the user terminals and performs the following operations in a loop: classifying each user terminal according to the CDN address it transmits, and updating the transmission time difference for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically arranging the percentiles; within an adjustment period, calculating the number of all users in each category. An average value of the time difference of the latest transmission of the terminal; and when the adjustment period ends, notify all the terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes, or notify all the terminals in any category whose time difference percentile ranking is lower than a threshold percentage value that the CDN node to switch the connection is the one with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes.
為了解決前述問題，本發明還提出再一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法。該方法包含：a)於一主伺服器提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個CDN節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址，其中每一CDN節點設定一權重值；b)對連向該網域的複數個使用終端，由該主伺服器提供該主頁內容，並指定該些CDN節點之一提供該部分內容資料；c)於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行以下作業：與一監控伺服器維持連線；持續取得該部分內容資料中含有的一串流資訊的下載流量；及定時將取得的下載流量與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給該監控伺服器；以及d)由該監控伺服器接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行以下作業：將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新最近傳送的下載流量，並動態進行百等分排列；在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的下載流量的一平均值；及當該調整時段結束時，通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者，或通知在任一分類中下載流量之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention also proposes a dynamic content delivery network switching method. The method comprises: a) adding a script code to a homepage content in content data of an original domain provided by a main server, and caching and storing a part of the content data in a plurality of CDN nodes in a region, each CDN node generates a specific CDN URL for the part of the content data, wherein a weight value is set for each CDN node; b) for a plurality of user terminals connected to the domain, the main server provides the homepage content, and designates one of the CDN nodes to provide the part of the content data; c) running the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform the following operations: maintaining a connection with a monitoring server; continuously obtaining the download flow of a stream of streaming information contained in the part of the content data; and regularly communicating the obtained download flow with the CDN URL of the connected CDN node through the The user terminal transmits the data to the monitoring server; and d) the monitoring server receives the data transmitted by the user terminals and performs the following operations in a loop: classify each user terminal according to the CDN URL it transmits, and update the most recently transmitted download traffic for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically rank the download traffic by percentile; within an adjustment period, calculate an average value of the most recently transmitted download traffic of all user terminals in each category; and when the adjustment period ends, notify all user terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes, or notify all user terminals whose download traffic percentile ranking in any category is lower than a threshold percentage value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes.
依照本發明，步驟b)中提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點可為該優化排序最佳者或最差者。According to the present invention, the CDN node that provides the content data in step b) can be the best or worst in the optimization ranking.
依照本發明，步驟b)中提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點也可為營運成本最低的CDN節點或營運成本最高的CDN節點。According to the present invention, the CDN node that provides the content data in step b) can also be the CDN node with the lowest operating cost or the CDN node with the highest operating cost.
依照本發明，該腳本程式碼進一步定時通過該使用終端向該監控伺服器傳送一確認連線訊號，若該監控伺服器在連線後超過一離線延時後沒有收到該確認連線訊號，則該監控伺服器認定對應的使用終端處於離線狀態，此時對應的使用終端傳送到該監控伺服器中的資料不再用於百等分排列與計算該平均值。According to the present invention, the script code further sends a confirmation connection signal to the monitoring server through the user terminal at a fixed time. If the monitoring server does not receive the confirmation connection signal after an offline delay after the connection, the monitoring server determines that the corresponding user terminal is offline. At this time, the data sent to the monitoring server by the corresponding user terminal is no longer used for percentile ranking and calculation of the average value.
依照本發明，監控伺服器進一步執行以下作業：統計每個CDN節點當下連線中的使用終端數目，並向該主伺服器通報。According to the present invention, the monitoring server further performs the following operations: counting the number of terminals currently connected to each CDN node and reporting to the main server.
依照本發明，腳本程式碼進一步執行以下作業：若連線的CDN節點對發出的需求未回覆，則透過該使用終端向該監控伺服器發出一連線失敗訊息。另一方面，監控伺服器進一步執行以下作業：在該調整時段內，計算發出連線失敗訊息的使用終端數目占其分類中所有使用終端數目的一失敗率；及當該調整時段結束時，若有分類的該失敗率高於一最低容許值，通知該分類的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者或其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。According to the present invention, the script code further performs the following operations: if the connected CDN node does not respond to the issued request, a connection failure message is sent to the monitoring server through the user terminal. On the other hand, the monitoring server further performs the following operations: during the adjustment period, the number of user terminals that send connection failure messages is calculated as a failure rate of the number of all user terminals in its category; and when the adjustment period ends, if the failure rate of a category is higher than a minimum allowable value, all user terminals in the category are notified to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization ranking or the one with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes.
本發明利用第三方的監控伺服器，透過建構在內容資料的主頁內容中的腳本程式碼，動態取得協助主伺服器提供內容服務的CDN節點的資料傳遞速度，並依此判定在一調整時段內哪一個CDN節點的表現較差，從而通知各個使用終端於下一個調整時段內調整連接的CDN節點。如此，本發明可動態且有效地控制CDN節點與使用終端間的連結，提升主伺服器提供的內容服務的發送速度。The present invention utilizes a third-party monitoring server, and through the script code built in the main page content of the content data, dynamically obtains the data transmission speed of the CDN node that assists the main server in providing content services, and determines which CDN node performs worse in an adjustment period, thereby notifying each user terminal to adjust the connected CDN node in the next adjustment period. In this way, the present invention can dynamically and effectively control the connection between the CDN node and the user terminal, and improve the delivery speed of the content service provided by the main server.
100:主伺服器100: Main server
101:監控伺服器101: Monitoring server
110:第一CDN節點110: First CDN node
120:第二CDN節點120: Second CDN node
130:第三CDN節點130: The third CDN node
201:第一使用終端201: First use terminal
202:第二使用終端202: Second user terminal
203:第三使用終端203: Third user terminal
204:第四使用終端204: Fourth use terminal
205:第五使用終端205: The fifth terminal
206:第六使用終端206: Sixth user terminal
207:第七使用終端207: Seventh use terminal
208:第八使用終端208: The eighth use terminal
209:第九使用終端209: Ninth use terminal
210:第十使用終端210: The tenth use terminal
圖1為依照本發明第一實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for dynamic content delivery network switching according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
圖2繪示應用該動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的硬體架構。FIG2 shows the hardware architecture for applying the dynamic content delivery network switching method.
圖3表列在一調整時段內，每一使用終端依序傳送的CDN網址分類與時間差。Figure 3 lists the classification and time difference of CDN URLs sent by each end-user in sequence during an adjustment period.
圖4繪示該硬體架構圖在一調整時段後的變化。Figure 4 shows the changes in the hardware architecture after an adjustment period.
圖5表列在該調整時段內，每一使用終端依序傳送的CDN網址分類、時間差與連線失敗訊息。Figure 5 lists the CDN URL categories, time differences, and connection failure messages sent by each end-user in sequence during the adjustment period.
圖6為依照本發明第二實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。Figure 6 is a flow chart of a dynamic content delivery network switching method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
圖7為依照本發明第三實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。Figure 7 is a flow chart of a method for dynamic content delivery network switching according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
圖8為依照本發明第四實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。FIG8 is a flow chart of a method for switching a dynamic content delivery network according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
本發明將藉由參照下列的實施方式而更具體地描述。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments.
請見圖1與圖2。圖1為依照本發明第一實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖，圖2繪示應用該動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的硬體架構。動態內容傳遞網路切換方法應用的需求是某個內容服務商營運商(提供靜態的網頁內容或動態的串流資料，比如串流影片)，將其佈署在圖2主伺服器100對應於一原始網域(指向主伺服器100的IP位置)的一部分內容資料，快取儲存於一區域中多個CDN服務營運商的CDN節點上(如圖2中粗雙箭號實線表示)。所謂區域，指的是特定人群聚集而需要對其提供快速網際網路內容的地理範圍，比如一個國家、一個州、省或大區，甚至是一個離岸的島嶼。由於這些區域與主伺服器100所在地點的物理距離很遠，由該區域內使用終端(如智慧型手機、平板電腦、筆記型電腦或桌上型電腦)向主伺服器100訪問索取原始網域的內容資料時，反應時間會太久，甚至可能因此造成訪問失敗的情況。因此，內容服務商營運商才會向CDN服務營運商租用CDN節點的使用權。CDN節點是CDN服務營運商的伺服器。在本實施例中，以三個CDN服務營運商各自營運的第一CDN節點110、第二CDN節點120與第三CDN節點130來說明。實作上，CDN服務營運商的數量最少要兩個以上，如此才有內容傳遞網路動態切換的需求。同理，CDN節點的數量也是至少兩個。Please see Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic content delivery network switching method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 shows the hardware architecture of the dynamic content delivery network switching method. The application requirement of the dynamic content delivery network switching method is that a content service provider (providing static web page content or dynamic streaming data, such as streaming video) deploys a portion of content data corresponding to an original domain (pointing to the IP location of the main server 100) on the main server 100 of Figure 2, and caches and stores it on the CDN nodes of multiple CDN service operators in a region (as indicated by the thick double arrow solid line in Figure 2). The so-called region refers to a geographical range where a specific group of people gather and need to be provided with fast Internet content, such as a country, a state, a province or a region, or even an offshore island. Since these regions are physically far away from the location of the main server 100, when a terminal (such as a smart phone, tablet computer, laptop or desktop computer) in the region accesses the main server 100 to obtain the content data of the original domain, the response time will be too long, and it may even cause access failure. Therefore, content service providers will rent the right to use CDN nodes from CDN service operators. CDN nodes are servers of CDN service operators. In this embodiment, the first CDN node 110, the second CDN node 120 and the third CDN node 130 operated by three CDN service operators are used for illustration. In practice, the number of CDN service operators must be at least two, so that there is a demand for dynamic switching of content delivery networks. Similarly, the number of CDN nodes is also at least two.
在本實施例中，動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第一步驟為於主伺服器100提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個CDN節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址(S01)。實作上，腳本程式碼就是一組JavaScript編碼，可以由一監控伺服器101的營運商提供給主伺服器100的內容服務商營運商，讓該內容服務商營運商在其提供的主頁內容，即符合HTML規範的網頁原始碼中，加入該組JavaScript編碼。主頁內容是使用終端連向該原始網域後，監控伺服器101回傳的第一個頁面的部份或全部內容。舉例來說，如果主伺服器100提供的內容服務是靜態的新聞，首頁包含數條文字內容與數張影像，那主頁內容可能是首頁的全部內容，其它分頁的內容就是所謂的部分內容資料；主頁內容也可能僅是首頁的排版架構，其中的文字與影像以及其它分頁的內容就是步驟S01中所謂的部分內容資料，使用終端取得的主頁內容分別來自主伺服器100與任一個CDN節點。在瀏覽過主頁內容後，其它的內容資料都會由對應的CDN節點提供，主伺服器100不再作用(如圖2中雙箭號虛線表示)。因此，為了達到前述目的，每一CDN節點才會針對部分內容資料分別生成特定的CDN網址，而該CDN網址指向該部分內容資料儲存的CDN節點的實體IP位置。In this embodiment, the first step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method is to add a script code to a homepage content in the content data of an original domain provided by the main server 100, and cache a part of the content data in a plurality of CDN nodes in a region, and each CDN node generates a specific CDN URL for the part of the content data (S01). In practice, the script code is a set of JavaScript codes, which can be provided by an operator of a monitoring server 101 to the content service provider operator of the main server 100, so that the content service provider operator can add the set of JavaScript codes to the homepage content provided by it, that is, the webpage source code that complies with the HTML specification. The homepage content is part or all of the content of the first page returned by the monitoring server 101 after the terminal is connected to the original domain. For example, if the content service provided by the main server 100 is static news, and the homepage contains several text contents and several images, then the homepage content may be the entire content of the homepage, and the content of other pages is the so-called partial content data; the homepage content may also be just the layout structure of the homepage, and the text and images therein and the content of other pages are the so-called partial content data in step S01, and the homepage content obtained by the terminal comes from the main server 100 and any CDN node respectively. After browsing the homepage content, other content data will be provided by the corresponding CDN node, and the main server 100 will no longer function (as indicated by the double arrow dashed line in Figure 2). Therefore, in order to achieve the above purpose, each CDN node will generate a specific CDN URL for part of the content data, and the CDN URL points to the physical IP location of the CDN node where the content data is stored.
本實施例的動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第二步驟為對連向該網域的複數個使用終端，由主伺服器100提供該主頁內容，並指定該些CDN節點之一提供該部分內容資料(S02)。請見圖2，為了方便說明，本實施例以10個使用終端(第一使用終端201、第二使用終端202、第三使用終端203、第四使用終端204、第五使用終端205、第六使用終端206、第七使用終端207、第八使用終端208、第九使用終端209與第十使用終端210)為例來說明，但實際運作上的數量可能同時高達數萬台以上的使用終端。在某一個時間點前，前述部分的使用終端分別訪問了主伺服器100，並獲得主伺服器100提供的包含腳本程式碼的主頁內容與指定的CDN節點提供的部分內容資料。在本實施例中，第一使用終端201與第二使用終端202指定的CDN節點為第一CDN節點110；第三使用終端203、第四使用終端204、第五使用終端205與第六使用終端206指定的CDN節點為第二CDN節點120；第七使用終端207、第八使用終端208與第九使用終端209指定的CDN節點為第三CDN節點130。第十使用終端210在該時間點之後才訪問主伺服器100。The second step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method of this embodiment is to provide the home page content to the plurality of user terminals connected to the domain by the main server 100, and designate one of the CDN nodes to provide the part of the content data (S02). Please see FIG. 2. For the convenience of explanation, this embodiment uses 10 user terminals (a first user terminal 201, a second user terminal 202, a third user terminal 203, a fourth user terminal 204, a fifth user terminal 205, a sixth user terminal 206, a seventh user terminal 207, an eighth user terminal 208, a ninth user terminal 209, and a tenth user terminal 210) as an example for explanation, but the actual number of user terminals in operation may be as high as tens of thousands of user terminals at the same time. Before a certain time point, the aforementioned user terminals respectively accessed the main server 100 and obtained the homepage content including the script code provided by the main server 100 and part of the content data provided by the designated CDN node. In this embodiment, the CDN node designated by the first user terminal 201 and the second user terminal 202 is the first CDN node 110; the CDN node designated by the third user terminal 203, the fourth user terminal204, the fifth user terminal 205 and the sixth user terminal 206 is the second CDN node 120; the CDN node designated by the seventh user terminal 207, the eighth user terminal 208 and the ninth user terminal 209 is the third CDN node 130. The tenth user terminal 210 accesses the main server 100 after this time point.
本實施例的動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第三步驟為於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行數個作業(S03)。腳本程式碼是在使用者沒有注意到的情況下，透過瀏覽器操作使用終端來完成對CDN節點成效的監控作業。腳本程式碼第一個執行的作業是與監控伺服器101維持連線。雖然圖1沒有將監控伺服器101與各個使用終端間以箭號線來表示其間的訊號連結，但該圖中的每一個使用終端確實是在經由各自CDN節點取得部分內容資料的當下，與監控伺服器101保持不間斷的連線。連線可以是直接的，也可以是通過特定的CDN節點。此外，腳本程式碼執行後可計算由使用終端發出連線需求到接收到來自對應CDN節點的該部分內容資料間的時間差。舉例來說，當第一使用終端201向主伺服器100提出取得內容資料的需求後，主伺服器100會通過第一CDN節點110將含有該腳本程式碼的主頁內容中傳給第一使用終端201，同時快取在第一CDN節點110中的部分內容資料也相應提供給第一使用終端201。腳本程式碼執行後可查詢第一使用終端201上瀏覽器的日誌資料，取得前述整個過程的耗時，比如1200毫秒，也就是所謂的時間差。之後，在腳本程式碼執行的過程中，它也計算後續由第一使用終端201在瀏覽其它該部分內容資料時來自第一使用終端201反饋(接收到的其它該部分內容資料)的時間差，也就是第一使用終端201發出資料取得請求到接收到對應部分內容資料間的時間差。時間差有以上的兩種態樣。依照本發明，腳本程式碼執行時還會持續且及時將計算得到的任一時間差與連線的第一CDN節點110的CDN網址通過第一使用終端201傳送給監控伺服器101，供監控伺服器101執行後續作業。The third step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method of this embodiment is to run the script code on the browser of each user terminal to execute several operations (S03). The script code completes the monitoring operation of the CDN node performance through the browser operation user terminal without the user noticing. The first operation executed by the script code is to maintain a connection with the monitoring server 101. Although Figure 1 does not use arrows to represent the signal connection between the monitoring server 101 and each user terminal, each user terminal in the figure does maintain an uninterrupted connection with the monitoring server 101 when obtaining part of the content data through its respective CDN node. The connection can be direct or through a specific CDN node. In addition, after the script code is executed, the time difference between the user terminal sending out a connection request and receiving the part of the content data from the corresponding CDN node can be calculated. For example, when the first user terminal 201 makes a request to obtain content data to the main server 100, the main server 100 will transmit the homepage content containing the script code to the first user terminal 201 through the first CDN node 110, and at the same time, the part of the content data cached in the first CDN node 110 will also be provided to the first user terminal 201 accordingly. After the script code is executed, the log data of the browser on the first user terminal 201 can be queried to obtain the time taken for the above-mentioned entire process, such as 1200 milliseconds, which is the so-called time difference. Afterwards, during the execution of the script code, it also calculates the time difference of the feedback from the first user terminal 201 (the other content data received) when the first user terminal 201 browses other content data, that is, the time difference between the first user terminal 201 sending a data acquisition request and receiving the corresponding content data. There are two forms of time difference. According to the present invention, when the script code is executed, it will continue to and timely transmit any calculated time difference and the CDN address of the connected first CDN node 110 to the monitoring server 101 through the first user terminal 201, so that the monitoring server 101 can perform subsequent operations.
本實施例的動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第四步驟為由監控伺服器101接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行數個作業(S04)。以前一段的例子而言，監控伺服器101除了會接收到來自第一使用終端201的時間差與第一CDN節點110的CDN網址等資料，也可能會接收到來自其它使用終端的時間差與對應的CDN網址，比如來自第三使用終端203的時間差與第二CDN節點120的CDN網址與來自第七使用終端207的時間差與第三CDN節點130的CDN網址。第一使用終端201到第九使用終端209都會不定時地發出前述資料給監控伺服器101進行分析。因此，監控伺服器101會以一調整時段為周期，循環執行以下的數個作業。首先，監控伺服器101會將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新傳送的時間差，並動態進行百等分排列。為了對此有較佳的理解，請見圖3，該圖表列在一調整時段內，每一使用終端依序傳送的CDN網址分類與時間差。依照本發明，一個調整時段是監控伺服器101用來監控每一個CDN節點表現並調整在下一個調整時段開始時每一個使用終端使用CDN節點的一段時間，可以是30秒、45秒、60秒等任何合適的連續時間，圖3中的調整時段設為60秒。圖3中列出了在該調整時段中來自各使用終端的時間差，比如由第二使用終端202傳來的時間差為360ms。監控伺服器101接收到的時間列於時間差後方的括號中，比如第二使用終端202的360ms是在調整時段開始後0.2秒為監控伺服器101接收到。第一使用終端201與第二使用終端202傳送第一CDN節點110的CDN網址，因此分類為第一類，其時間差以短虛線框框住。相同地，第三使用終端203至第六使用終端206傳送第二CDN節點120的CDN網址，分類為第二類，其時間差以長虛線框框住；第七使用終端207至第九使用終端209傳送第三CDN節點130的CDN網址，分類為第三類，其時間差以點虛線框框住。在第一類中，百等分排列為第一使用終端201(50%)-->第二使用終端202(100%)。在第二類中，雖然第五使用終端205於該次調整時段內沒有傳送任何時間差，然而第五使用終端205在與監控伺服器101維持連線的情況下，它的時間差可以使用之前最接近的數據，比如330ms。因此，第二類的百等分排列為第六使用終端206(25%)-->第三使用終端203(50%)-->第四使用終端204(75%)-->第五使用終端205(100%)。在第三類中，第七使用終端207在該次調整時段內傳送了兩次時間差，因此第二類的百等分排列依時序有兩個：第七使用終端207(33%)-->第九使用終端209(66%)-->第八使用終端208(100%)與第九使用終端209(33%)-->第八使用終端208(66%)-->第七使用終端207(100%)。如需要進行後續判斷，會使用較接近調整時段結束時的百等分排列。The fourth step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method of this embodiment is to receive data from the user terminals by the monitoring server 101 and execute several operations in a loop (S04). For example, in addition to receiving data such as the time difference and the CDN address of the first CDN node 110 from the first user terminal 201, the monitoring server 101 may also receive time differences and corresponding CDN addresses from other user terminals, such as the time difference and the CDN address of the second CDN node 120 from the third user terminal 203 and the time difference and the CDN address of the third CDN node 130 from the seventh user terminal 207. The first user terminal 201 to the ninth user terminal 209 will send the above data to the monitoring server 101 for analysis from time to time. Therefore, the monitoring server 101 will perform the following operations in a cycle with an adjustment period. First, the monitoring server 101 will classify each user terminal according to the CDN address it transmits, and update the transmission time difference for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically arrange them in percentiles. In order to have a better understanding of this, please see Figure 3, which lists the CDN address classification and time difference transmitted by each user terminal in sequence within an adjustment period. According to the present invention, an adjustment period is a period of time that the monitoring server 101 uses to monitor the performance of each CDN node and adjust the use of the CDN node by each user terminal at the beginning of the next adjustment period. It can be any suitable continuous time such as 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds, etc. The adjustment period in Figure 3 is set to 60 seconds. Figure 3 lists the time differences from each user terminal in the adjustment period, for example, the time difference transmitted by the second user terminal 202 is 360ms. The time received by the monitoring server 101 is listed in the brackets after the time difference, for example, the 360ms of the second user terminal 202 is received by the monitoring server 101 0.2 seconds after the start of the adjustment period. The first user terminal 201 and the second user terminal 202 transmit the CDN URL of the first CDN node 110, and are therefore classified as the first category, and their time difference is framed by a short dashed frame. Similarly, the third user terminal 203 to the sixth user terminal 206 transmit the CDN URL of the second CDN node 120, and are classified as the second category, and their time difference is framed by a long dashed frame; the seventh user terminal 207 to the ninth user terminal 209 transmit the CDN URL of the third CDN node 130, and are classified as the third category, and their time difference is framed by a dotted dashed frame. In the first category, the percentage is arranged as the first user terminal 201 (50%) --> the second user terminal 202 (100%). In the second category, although the fifth user terminal 205 does not transmit any time difference during the adjustment period, the fifth user terminal 205 can use the closest data before, such as 330ms, for its time difference when it maintains a connection with the monitoring server 101. Therefore, the percentage ranking of the second category is the sixth user terminal 206 (25%) --> the third user terminal 203 (50%) --> the fourth user terminal 204 (75%) --> the fifth user terminal 205 (100%). In the third category, the seventh user terminal 207 transmitted two time differences during the adjustment period, so there are two percentile rankings in the second category in order: the seventh user terminal 207 (33%) --> the ninth user terminal 209 (66%) --> the eighth user terminal 208 (100%) and the ninth user terminal 209 (33%) --> the eighth user terminal 208 (66%) --> the seventh user terminal 207 (100%). If subsequent judgment is required, the percentile ranking closer to the end of the adjustment period will be used.
監控伺服器101的另一個作業是在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的時間差的一平均值，並將該些CDN節點依照對應的CDN網址的該平均值由小到大，進行一優化排序。請復見圖3。在該調整時段內第一類的平均值為350ms，第二類的平均值為315ms。第三類的平均值取最後者，為440ms。因此，優化排序的結果為第二CDN節點120(對應第二類)-->第一CDN節點110(對應第一類)-->第三CDN節點130(對應第三類)。監控伺服器101的又一個作業是當該調整時段結束時，進行切換連線的CDN節點。依照本發明，切換的方式有兩種：第一、通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者；第二、通知在任一分類中時間差之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。以第一種切換方式來說，如果最低設定值為450ms，由於所有的平均值都高於最低設定值，那麼在下一個60秒中，每一個使用終端維持其連線使用的CDN節點不變。如果最低設定值為400ms，第三CDN節點130的平均值低於400ms，在下一個60秒中，連線第三CDN節點130的第七使用終端207、第八使用終端208與第九使用終端209被通知轉向使用第二CDN節點120，如圖4所繪示。以第二種切換方式來說，如果將門檻百分數值設為80%，由於優化排序最佳者為第二CDN節點120，第一類中的第二使用終端202與第三類的第七使用終端207都因百等分排列低於80%，而被通知在下一個60秒轉向使用第二CDN節點120。Another operation of the monitoring server 101 is to calculate an average value of the time difference of the latest transmission of all the terminals in each category within an adjustment period, and optimize the sorting of the CDN nodes according to the average value of the corresponding CDN URL from small to large. Please see Figure 3 again. The average value of the first category within the adjustment period is 350ms, and the average value of the second category is 315ms. The average value of the third category is the last one, which is 440ms. Therefore, the result of the optimization sorting is the second CDN node 120 (corresponding to the second category)-->the first CDN node 110 (corresponding to the first category)-->the third CDN node 130 (corresponding to the third category). Another operation of the monitoring server 101 is to switch the connected CDN node when the adjustment period ends. According to the present invention, there are two ways of switching: first, notifying all the terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization ranking; second, notifying all the terminals in any category whose time difference percentile ranking is lower than a threshold percentage value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization ranking. For the first switching method, if the minimum setting value is 450ms, since all the average values are higher than the minimum setting value, then in the next 60 seconds, each terminal maintains the CDN node it uses for connection unchanged. If the minimum setting value is 400ms, and the average value of the third CDN node 130 is lower than 400ms, in the next 60 seconds, the seventh user terminal 207, the eighth user terminal 208, and the ninth user terminal 209 connected to the third CDN node 130 are notified to switch to the second CDN node 120, as shown in FIG4. In the second switching method, if the threshold percentage value is set to 80%, since the best optimized ranking is the second CDN node 120, the second user terminal 202 in the first category and the seventh user terminal 207 in the third category are notified to switch to the second CDN node 120 in the next 60 seconds because the percentage ranking is lower than 80%.
依照本發明，在一個新的調整時段開始時，如果有新的使用終端，比如第十使用終端210，要連向主伺服器100，那第十使用終端210就要遵循動態內容傳遞網路方法的步驟S02。在步驟S02中，主伺服器100指定用來提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點為前述優化排序最佳者或最差者。在本實施例中可以是第二CDN節點120或第三CDN節點130。選擇優化排序最佳者的目的是讓第十使用終端210能夠使用第二CDN節點120的較佳服務，或是讓第十使用終端210當作個「排頭兵」，測試第三CDN節點130的服務在下一個60秒是否恢復了水準。選最佳者或最差者可以依照主伺服器100營運商的考量來設定。此外，步驟S02中，主伺服器100指定用來提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點也可以是營運成本最低的CDN節點或營運成本最高的CDN節點。連到營運成本最低的CDN節點可能造成反饋延時較長，連到營運成本最高的CDN節點則相反，主伺服器100營運商可以依照對終端用戶的服務承諾而設定。此外，主伺服器100營運商使用各個CDN節點服務的目的在於要最佳化本身的服務，也就是盡量減少因資訊傳輸延遲而產生失去終端客戶信賴的問題。為此，主伺服器100營運商必須要知道各CDN節點的成效為何。因此，監控伺服器101可進一步執行以下作業：統計每個CDN節點當下連線中的使用終端數目，並向主伺服器100通報。監控伺服器101通報的時間或頻率並未為本發明所限制，可依照主伺服器100營運商的需求而設定。According to the present invention, at the beginning of a new adjustment period, if a new user terminal, such as the tenth user terminal 210, wants to connect to the main server 100, then the tenth user terminal 210 must follow step S02 of the dynamic content delivery network method. In step S02, the main server 100 specifies the CDN node used to provide the part of the content data as the best or worst in the aforementioned optimization ranking. In this embodiment, it can be the second CDN node 120 or the third CDN node 130. The purpose of selecting the best optimized ranking is to allow the tenth user terminal 210 to use the better service of the second CDN node 120, or to allow the tenth user terminal 210 to be a "vanguard" to test whether the service of the third CDN node 130 has recovered in the next 60 seconds. The selection of the best or the worst can be set according to the consideration of the operator of the main server 100. In addition, in step S02, the CDN node designated by the main server 100 to provide the content data can also be the CDN node with the lowest operating cost or the CDN node with the highest operating cost. Connecting to the CDN node with the lowest operating cost may cause a longer feedback delay, while connecting to the CDN node with the highest operating cost is the opposite. The operator of the main server 100 can set it according to the service commitment to the end user. In addition, the purpose of the operator of the main server 100 using the services of each CDN node is to optimize its own service, that is, to minimize the problem of losing the trust of the end customer due to information transmission delay. To this end, the operator of the main server 100 must know the effectiveness of each CDN node. Therefore, the monitoring server 101 can further perform the following operations: count the number of terminals currently connected to each CDN node and report to the main server 100. The time or frequency of the monitoring server 101 reporting is not limited by the present invention and can be set according to the needs of the operator of the main server 100.
依照本發明，腳本程式碼還可定時通過使用終端向監控伺服器101傳送一確認連線訊號。確認連線訊號可以是個簡單的字串，其發送的時間或頻率並不受限定，比如每30秒發出一次。若監控伺服器101在與使用終端連線後超過一離線延時後沒有收到該確認連線訊號，則監控伺服器101認定對應的使用終端處於離線狀態。舉例來說，離線延時可以設為90秒。當90秒過後沒收到確認連線訊號，即便腳本程式碼認為使用終端還是與監控伺服器101連線，監控伺服器101認定兩者斷線了。此時，對應的使用終端傳送到監控伺服器101中的資料不再用於百等分排列與計算平均值。如果掉線的使用終端要再與監控伺服器101連線，那它需要重新連線主伺服器100，執行步驟S02。According to the present invention, the script code can also periodically send a connection confirmation signal to the monitoring server 101 through the user terminal. The connection confirmation signal can be a simple string, and the time or frequency of its sending is not limited, such as once every 30 seconds. If the monitoring server 101 does not receive the connection confirmation signal after an offline delay after connecting to the user terminal, the monitoring server 101 determines that the corresponding user terminal is offline. For example, the offline delay can be set to 90 seconds. When the connection confirmation signal is not received after 90 seconds, even if the script code believes that the user terminal is still connected to the monitoring server 101, the monitoring server 101 determines that the two are disconnected. At this time, the data sent by the corresponding user terminal to the monitoring server 101 is no longer used for percentile ranking and average calculation. If the disconnected user terminal wants to connect to the monitoring server 101 again, it needs to reconnect to the main server 100 and execute step S02.
有時候，使用終端與CDN節點間的連線可能會因為一些無法預測的問題，比如停電或頻寬不敷使用，造成了CDN節點無法對需求回傳相應資料。為了解決這種問題，腳本程式碼可執行以下作業：若連線的CDN節點對發出的需求未回覆，則透過使用終端向監控伺服器101發出一連線失敗訊息。連線失敗訊息可以是個簡單的字串，型態不限。請見圖5，該圖自圖3修改，表列在該調整時段內，每一使用終端依序傳送的CDN網址分類、時間差與連線失敗訊息。連線失敗訊息以NG表示，監控伺服器101接收到連線失敗訊息的時間列於其後的括號內。在圖5中，監控伺服器101於36.7秒接收到第二使用終端202傳送的連線失敗訊息，於14.7秒接收到第九使用終端209傳送的連線失敗訊息。相對地，監控伺服器101進一步執行以下作業：A、在該調整時段內，計算發出連線失敗訊息的使用終端數目占其分類中所有使用終端數目的一失敗率；B、當該調整時段結束時，若有分類的該失敗率高於一最低容許值，通知該分類的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。在A作業中，第一類的兩個使用終端中因為第二使用終端202發生了連線失敗，所以失敗率為50%；第二類的使用終端都未發生連線失敗，所以失敗率為0；第三類的三個使用終端中因為第九使用終端209發生了連線失敗，所以失敗率為33%。在B作業中，其結果視最低容許值的設定而決定。如果最低容許值設為25%，那第三類的三個使用終端都需要在下一個調整時段開始時，被通知切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。Sometimes, the connection between the user terminal and the CDN node may fail due to some unpredictable problems, such as power outage or insufficient bandwidth, causing the CDN node to be unable to return corresponding data to the request. To solve this problem, the script code can perform the following operations: If the connected CDN node does not respond to the request issued, a connection failure message is sent to the monitoring server 101 through the user terminal. The connection failure message can be a simple string with any type. See Figure 5, which is modified from Figure 3 and lists the CDN URL classification, time difference and connection failure message sent by each user terminal in sequence during the adjustment period. The connection failure message is represented by NG, and the time when the monitoring server 101 receives the connection failure message is listed in the brackets thereafter. In FIG. 5 , the monitoring server 101 receives the connection failure message sent by the second user terminal 202 at 36.7 seconds, and receives the connection failure message sent by the ninth user terminal 209 at 14.7 seconds. In contrast, the monitoring server 101 further performs the following operations: A. During the adjustment period, calculate the failure rate of the number of user terminals that send connection failure messages to the number of all user terminals in its category; B. When the adjustment period ends, if the failure rate of a category is higher than a minimum allowable value, notify all user terminals in the category to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization ranking. In operation A, the failure rate of the two terminals in the first category is 50% because the second terminal 202 has a connection failure; the failure rate of the terminals in the second category is 0 because no connection failure has occurred; the failure rate of the three terminals in the third category is 33% because the ninth terminal 209 has a connection failure. In operation B, the result depends on the setting of the minimum allowable value. If the minimum allowable value is set to 25%, then the three terminals in the third category need to be notified to switch the connection to the CDN node with the best optimization ranking at the beginning of the next adjustment period.
在上述的第一實施例中，應用動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的主伺服器100提供的是靜態內容資料，不包含串流資訊。如果內容資料中包含了動態的串流資訊，如串流影片，動態內容傳遞網路切換方法就要做部分的修改。以下以第二實施例配合圖3的架構來介紹。In the first embodiment described above, the main server 100 that applies the dynamic content delivery network switching method provides static content data that does not include streaming information. If the content data includes dynamic streaming information, such as streaming video, the dynamic content delivery network switching method must be partially modified. The second embodiment is introduced below in conjunction with the architecture of Figure 3.
請見圖6，該圖為依照本發明第二實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。在本實施例中的第一步驟(S11)與第二步驟(S12)，實質與第一實施例中的第一步驟(S01)與第二步驟(S02)相同，此處不予以贅述。Please see Figure 6, which is a flow chart of a dynamic content delivery network switching method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The first step (S11) and the second step (S12) in this embodiment are essentially the same as the first step (S01) and the second step (S02) in the first embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.
本實施中的例動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第三步驟為於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行數個作業(S13)，其中的作業內容與第一實施例的第三步驟不同。不同之處之一在於當與監控伺服器101維持連線後，腳本程式碼執行以向瀏覽器持續取得該部分內容資料中含有的一串流資訊的下載流量，非計算發出連線需求到接收到該部分內容資料間的時間差，以及後續在瀏覽其它該部分內容資料時反饋的時間差。以串流影片作為例子來說明。當第二CDN節點120向第三使用終端203提供串流影片服務時，其實第二CDN節點120是將其快取儲存影片的資料封包依序向第三使用終端203傳輸。計算上，下載流量可以是每秒收到幾個資料封包，或是每秒多少Mbs，這些數據都可以在瀏覽器的記錄中查到。CDN節點的服務品質(回傳速度)可以由下載流量看出。不同之處之二在於腳本程式碼執行以定時將取得的下載流量與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給監控伺服器101。這部分很容易理解，和第一實施例的腳本程式碼傳輸資料中判斷CDN節點的服務品質的部分，由時間差改成了下載流量。此外，由於第二CDN節點120是持續提供串流影片的資料封包，下載流量也需要持續偵測與更新傳送。The third step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method in this embodiment is to run the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform a plurality of operations (S13), wherein the operation content is different from the third step of the first embodiment. One difference is that after maintaining the connection with the monitoring server 101, the script code is executed to continuously obtain the download flow of a stream information contained in the part of the content data from the browser, instead of calculating the time difference between issuing the connection request and receiving the part of the content data, and the time difference of feedback when browsing other parts of the content data. The streaming video is used as an example to illustrate. When the second CDN node 120 provides streaming video service to the third user terminal 203, the second CDN node 120 actually transmits the data packets of the cached video to the third user terminal 203 in sequence. Calculated, the download traffic can be a few data packets received per second, or a few Mbs per second, and these data can be found in the browser's records. The service quality (return speed) of the CDN node can be seen from the download traffic. The second difference is that the script code is executed to periodically transmit the obtained download traffic and the CDN URL of the connected CDN node to the monitoring server 101 through the user terminal. This part is easy to understand, and the part of the script code in the first embodiment that judges the service quality of the CDN node in the data transmission is changed from time difference to download traffic. In addition, since the second CDN node 120 continuously provides data packets of streaming videos, the download traffic also needs to be continuously detected and updated.
本實施中的例動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第四步驟為由監控伺服器101接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行數個作業(S14)，其中的作業內容與第一實施例的第四步驟不同。在本實施例中，監控伺服器101會將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新最近傳送的下載流量，並動態進行百等分排列。這和第一實施例中對應的作業相似，百等分排列的對象是下載流量而非時間差，不同點含包括因為下載流量時刻會更新，所以百等分排列更新的速度會非常快。其次，監控伺服器101會在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的下載流量的一平均值，並將該些CDN節點依照對應的CDN網址的該平均值由大到小，進行一優化排序。這個作業和第一實施例中對應的作業也差不多。但因下載流量數據多，優化作業可以在調整時段快要結束前進行。最後，當調整時段結束時，監控伺服器101可以選擇通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者，也可以通知在任一分類中下載流量之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為該優化排序最佳者。這裡，最低設定值與門檻百分數值的選定也如上所述，不再贅述。簡單的來說，本實施例是依據下載流量的排序、計算與比較結果來通知對應的使用終端切換連線的CDN節點，取代了時間差。The fourth step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method in this embodiment is that the monitoring server 101 receives the data transmitted from the user terminals and cyclically executes a plurality of operations (S14), wherein the operation content is different from the fourth step of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the monitoring server 101 will classify each user terminal according to the CDN address transmitted by it, and update the most recently transmitted download traffic for each user terminal in each classification, and dynamically perform percentile ranking. This is similar to the corresponding operation in the first embodiment, and the object of percentile ranking is download traffic instead of time difference. The difference includes that because the download traffic is updated at all times, the speed of updating the percentile ranking will be very fast. Secondly, the monitoring server 101 will calculate an average value of the latest download traffic sent by all the terminals in each category within an adjustment period, and optimize the order of the CDN nodes according to the average value of the corresponding CDN URL from large to small. This operation is similar to the corresponding operation in the first embodiment. However, due to the large amount of download traffic data, the optimization operation can be performed before the adjustment period is about to end. Finally, when the adjustment period ends, the monitoring server 101 can choose to notify all the terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value that the CDN nodes that switch connections are the best in the optimization order, and can also notify all the terminals in any category whose download traffic percentage ranking is lower than a threshold percentage value that the CDN nodes that switch connections are the best in the optimization order. Here, the selection of the minimum setting value and the threshold percentage value is also as described above and will not be repeated. Simply put, this embodiment notifies the corresponding CDN node using the terminal to switch the connection based on the sorting, calculation and comparison results of the download traffic, replacing the time difference.
在第一實施例中提到關於步驟S02中主伺服器100指定用來提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點的方式，可應用於步驟S12中。此外，第一實施例中腳本程式碼與監控伺服器101關於確認連線訊號與連線失敗訊息的互動作業方式，也適用於本實施例中。更進一步，本實施例中監控伺服器101也可以統計每個CDN節點當下連線中的使用終端數目，並向主伺服器100通報。The method mentioned in the first embodiment in which the main server 100 specifies the CDN node used to provide the content data in step S02 can be applied to step S12. In addition, the interactive operation method of the script code and the monitoring server 101 in the first embodiment regarding the confirmation of the connection signal and the connection failure message is also applicable to this embodiment. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the monitoring server 101 can also count the number of terminals currently connected to each CDN node and report it to the main server 100.
當應用動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的主伺服器100提供的是靜態內容資料時，以時間差判定CDN節點的表現，不一定要將表現最差CDN節點連線的使用終端於下一個調整時段中，調整為連接表現最好CDN節點，反而可以依照商業上的需求，比如使用成本較低，來選擇切換的對象。以下以第三實施例配合圖3的架構來介紹。When the main server 100 of the dynamic content delivery network switching method provides static content data, the performance of the CDN node is determined by the time difference. It is not necessary to adjust the terminal connected to the worst performing CDN node to the best performing CDN node in the next adjustment period. Instead, the object to be switched can be selected according to business needs, such as lower usage cost. The third embodiment is introduced below with the architecture of Figure 3.
請見圖7，該圖為依照本發明第三實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。本實施例的動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第一步驟為於主伺服器100提供的一原始網域的內容資料中的一主頁內容中加入一腳本程式碼，並將一部分內容資料快取儲存於一區域內數個CDN節點，每一CDN節點針對該部分內容資料分別生成特定的一CDN網址，其中每一CDN節點設定一權重值(S21)。相較於第一實施例的步驟S01，本實施例的步驟S21進一步為每一CDN節點設定一權重值，比如第一CDN節點110的權重值為1，第二CDN節點120的權重值為2，第三CDN節點130的權重值為3。權重值的選擇是偏向商業性目的的，如上所述的成本考量。此外，每一個時段，比如每小時、每天、每週等，各個CDN節點的權重值可以是有變化的，這也是基於商業行為(如合約規定)的結果。Please see FIG7, which is a flow chart of a dynamic content delivery network switching method according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The first step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method of this embodiment is to add a script code to a home page content in the content data of an original domain provided by the main server 100, and cache a part of the content data in a plurality of CDN nodes in a region, each CDN node generates a specific CDN URL for the part of the content data, wherein each CDN node sets a weight value (S21). Compared with step S01 of the first embodiment, step S21 of this embodiment further sets a weight value for each CDN node, for example, the weight value of the first CDN node 110 is 1, the weight value of the second CDN node 120 is 2, and the weight value of the third CDN node 130 is 3. The selection of weight values is biased towards commercial purposes, such as the cost considerations mentioned above. In addition, the weight values of each CDN node may vary in each time period, such as every hour, every day, every week, etc., which is also based on the result of commercial behavior (such as contract provisions).
在本實施例中的第二步驟(S22)與第三步驟(S23)，實質與第一實施例中的第二步驟(S02)與第三步驟(S03)相同，此處不予以贅述。The second step (S22) and the third step (S23) in this embodiment are substantially the same as the second step (S02) and the third step (S03) in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.
本實施中的例動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第四步驟為由監控伺服器101接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行數個作業(S24)，其中的作業內容與第一實施例的步驟S04不同。在本實施例中，監控伺服器101會將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新傳送的時間差，並動態進行百等分排列，這部分與第一實施例中一樣。但不同的是，監控伺服器101在一調整時段內，僅計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的時間差的一平均值，不進行優化排序。因此，當該調整時段結束時，監控伺服器101通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者(第三CDN節點130)，而非優化排序最佳者。此外，監控伺服器101也可選擇通知在任一分類中時間差之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。也就是說，無論是哪一個使用終端因為接收到的CDN節點服務不好，它被轉送的CDN節點在一段時間內都不變。The fourth step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method in this embodiment is that the monitoring server 101 receives the data transmitted from the user terminals and cyclically executes a plurality of operations (S24), wherein the operation content is different from step S04 of the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the monitoring server 101 will classify each user terminal according to the CDN address transmitted by it, and update the transmission time difference for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically arrange them in percentiles, which is the same as in the first embodiment. However, the difference is that the monitoring server 101 only calculates an average value of the latest transmission time difference of all user terminals in each category within an adjustment period, and does not perform optimization sorting. Therefore, when the adjustment period ends, the monitoring server 101 notifies all the terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes (the third CDN node 130), rather than the best optimized ranking. In addition, the monitoring server 101 can also choose to notify all the terminals in any category whose percentile ranking of the time difference is lower than a threshold percentage value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes.That is to say, no matter which terminal receives poor service from the CDN node, the CDN node it is forwarded to will not change for a period of time.
在第一實施例中提到關於步驟S02中主伺服器100指定用來提供該部分內容資料的CDN節點的方式，除了優化排序應用外，皆可用於步驟S22中。此外，第一實施例中腳本程式碼與監控伺服器101關於確認連線訊號與連線失敗訊息的互動作業方式，也適用於本實施例中，僅將使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為優化排序最佳者改為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。本實施例中監控伺服器101也可以統計每個CDN節點當下連線中的使用終端數目，並向主伺服器100通報。In the first embodiment, the method of the main server 100 specifying the CDN node used to provide the content data in step S02 can be used in step S22 except for the optimization ranking application. In addition, the interactive operation method of the script code and the monitoring server 101 in the first embodiment regarding the confirmation of the connection signal and the connection failure message is also applicable to this embodiment, and only the CDN node that uses the terminal to switch the connection is changed from the one with the best optimization ranking to the one with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes. In this embodiment, the monitoring server 101 can also count the number of terminals currently connected to each CDN node and report it to the main server 100.
當應用動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的主伺服器100提供的是動態內容資料時，以下載流量判定CDN節點的表現也不一定要將表現最差CDN節點連線的使用終端於下一個調整時段中，調整為連接表現最好CDN節點。以下以第四實施例來介紹。When the main server 100 of the dynamic content delivery network switching method provides dynamic content data, the performance of the CDN node is determined by the download traffic, and it is not necessary to adjust the terminal connected to the worst performing CDN node to the best performing CDN node in the next adjustment period. The fourth embodiment is introduced below.
請見圖8，該圖為依照本發明第四實施例的一種動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的流程圖。本實施例的動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第一步驟(S31)與第二步驟(S32)，分別與第三實施例中的第一步驟(S01)與第二步驟(S02)相同，此處不予以贅述。Please see Figure 8, which is a flow chart of a dynamic content delivery network switching method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The first step (S31) and the second step (S32) of the dynamic content delivery network switching method of this embodiment are respectively the same as the first step (S01) and the second step (S02) in the third embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.
本實施中的例動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第三步驟為於每一使用終端的瀏覽器上運行該腳本程式碼以執行數個作業(S33)，其中的作業內容與第三實施例的步驟S23不同。不同之處之一在於當與監控伺服器101維持連線後，腳本程式碼執行以向瀏覽器持續取得該部分內容資料中含有的一串流資訊的下載流量，非計算兩種時間差。不同之處之二在於腳本程式碼執行以定時將取得的下載流量與連線的CDN節點的CDN網址通過該使用終端傳送給監控伺服器101。這部分的說明請參見第二實施例。The third step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method in this embodiment is to run the script code on the browser of each user terminal to perform several operations (S33), wherein the operation content is different from step S23 of the third embodiment. One difference is that after maintaining the connection with the monitoring server 101, the script code is executed to continuously obtain the download flow of a stream of stream information contained in the part of the content data from the browser, instead of calculating the two time differences. The second difference is that the script code is executed to regularly transmit the obtained download flow and the CDN address of the connected CDN node to the monitoring server 101 through the user terminal. Please refer to the second embodiment for the description of this part.
本實施中的例動態內容傳遞網路切換方法的第四步驟為由監控伺服器101接收來自該些使用終端傳送的資料，循環執行數個作業(S34)，其中的作業內容與第三實施例的步驟S24不同。在本實施例中，首先，監控伺服器101會將每一使用終端以其傳送的CDN網址分類，並在每一分類中為每一使用終端更新最近傳送的下載流量，並動態進行百等分排列。其次，監控伺服器101會在一調整時段內，計算各分類中所有使用終端最新傳送的下載流量的一平均值。最後，當調整時段結束時，監控伺服器101可以選擇通知該平均值低於一最低設定值的分類中的所有使用終端切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者，也可以通知在任一分類中下載流量之百等分排列低於一門檻百分數值的所有使用終端，切換連線的CDN節點為其它CDN節點中權重值最大者。本實施例是以下載流量取代了第三實施例中的時間差，並以權重值為使用終端切換連線CDN節點的唯一考量。The fourth step of the dynamic content delivery network switching method in this embodiment is that the monitoring server 101 receives the data transmitted from the user terminals and cyclically executes a plurality of operations (S34), wherein the operation content is different from step S24 of the third embodiment. In this embodiment, first, the monitoring server 101 classifies each user terminal according to the CDN address transmitted by it, and updates the most recently transmitted download traffic for each user terminal in each category, and dynamically arranges the download traffic in percentiles. Secondly, the monitoring server 101 calculates an average value of the most recently transmitted download traffic of all user terminals in each category within an adjustment period. Finally, when the adjustment period ends, the monitoring server 101 can choose to notify all the terminals in the category whose average value is lower than a minimum setting value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes, or can notify all the terminals whose download traffic percentage ranking in any category is lower than a threshold percentage value to switch the connection to the CDN node with the largest weight value among other CDN nodes. This embodiment replaces the time difference in the third embodiment with the download traffic, and uses the weight value as the only consideration for the terminal to switch the connection to the CDN node.
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of implementation as above, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of the patent application attached hereto.
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| TW112118640ATWI845309B (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Method for dynamically switching content delivery network |
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