本發明係關於一種隔離式高降壓轉換器，尤其是一種高降壓、高轉換效率的隔離式高降壓轉換器。The present invention relates to an isolated high buck converter, and more particularly to an isolated high buck converter with high buck and high conversion efficiency.
習知的變壓器用於交流電的升降電壓，係由一鐵芯分別圈繞初級線圈及次級線圈組成，其原理係由變化的電壓於初級線圈產生變化的磁場，經由鐵芯傳遞至次級線圈產生對應變化的電動勢，輸入電壓與輸出電壓的比例等同初級線圈匝數與次級線圈匝數的比例。惟，習知的變壓器用於直流變壓需經直流轉交流處理，而增加電路組成的元件成本及轉換過程的能量耗損，又，為達成高降壓的需求，需增加線圈匝數比而降低線圈的耦合係數，造成漏電感的能量損失，降低整體轉換率。The conventional transformer is used for the voltage rise and fall of the alternating current, which is composed of an iron core wound around the primary coil and the secondary coil respectively, and the principle is that a varying voltage is generated in the primary coil by a varying voltage, and is transmitted to the secondary coil via the iron core. A correspondingly varying electromotive force is generated, and the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of primary coil turns to the number of turns of the secondary coil. However, conventional transformers used for DC voltage transformation require DC to AC processing, which increases the component cost of the circuit and the energy consumption of the conversion process. In addition, in order to achieve the high voltage drop requirement, it is necessary to increase the coil turns ratio and reduce The coupling coefficient of the coil causes energy loss of the leakage inductance and reduces the overall conversion rate.
另一習知的降壓變換器，係由開關控制通過一電感器的電流，當開關導通時，電感器的電流增加並產生抵抗輸入電壓之電動勢，使輸出電壓降低；當開關斷路，電感器的電流下降並等同電源提供輸出電壓。惟，習知的降壓變換器的降壓倍率有限，為達成高降壓的需求，需串接使用二個以上的降壓變換器，而過程中的能量損失累積，降低整體轉換率。Another conventional buck converter is a switch that controls the current through an inductor. When the switch is turned on, the current of the inductor increases and generates an electromotive force that resists the input voltage, causing the output voltage to decrease; when the switch is open, the inductor is turned on. The current drops and is equivalent to the power supply providing the output voltage. However, the conventional buck converter has a limited step-down rate. To achieve high buck demand, more than two buck converters need to be used in series, and the energy loss in the process is accumulated to reduce the overall conversion rate.
有鑑於此，習知的降壓轉換器確實仍有加以改善之必要。In view of this, the conventional buck converter does have the need to improve.
為解決上述問題，本發明提供一種隔離式高降壓轉換器，適用直流電轉換，且採用低匝數比，可有效達成高降壓及高整體轉換率。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an isolated high buck converter suitable for DC power conversion, and adopts a low turns ratio, which can effectively achieve high buck and high overall conversion rate.
本發明的隔離式高降壓轉換器，包含：一降壓轉換模組，該降壓轉換模組具有一第一功率開關電性連接一儲能電感一端及一飛輪二極體之負極，該飛輪二極體之正極電性連接一第二功率開關及一第一切換儲能電容之負極，該儲能電感另一端電性連接該第一切換儲能電容之正極、一第三功率開關及一第一耦合線圈之圓點端，該第一耦合線圈之非圓點端電性連接一第二切換儲能電容之正極，該第二功率開關、該第三功率開關及該第二切換儲能電容之負極電性連接一第一接地端，該第一耦合線圈係圈繞於一鐵芯；一隔離式變壓模組，該隔離式變壓模組具有一第二耦合線圈及一第三耦合線圈，該第二耦合線圈之非圓點端及該第三耦合線圈之圓點端電性連接，該第二耦合線圈之圓點端電性連接一第一整流二極體之正極端，該第三耦合線圈之非圓點端電性連接一第二整流二極體之正極端，該第一整流二極體之負極端及該第二整流二極體之負極端電性連接一輸出電感之一端，該輸出電感之另一端電性連接一輸出電容之正極及一輸出電阻之一端，該輸出電阻之另一端、該輸出電容之負極、該第二耦合線圈之非圓點端及該第三耦合線圈之圓點端電性連接一第二接地端，該第二耦合線圈及該第三耦合線圈係圈繞於該鐵芯；及一控制單元，該控制單元電性連接該第一功率開關、該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關，該降壓轉換模組與該隔離式變壓模組之間採用電氣隔離，該第一接地端與該第二接地端不共用接地導體。The isolated high-voltage step-down converter of the present invention comprises: a step-down conversion module, wherein the step-down conversion module has a first power switch electrically connected to a storage inductor end and a flywheel diode negative pole, The anode of the flywheel diode is electrically connected to a second power switch and a cathode of the first switching energy storage capacitor, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is electrically connected to the anode of the first switching energy storage capacitor and a third power switch. a non-circular end of the first coupling coil is electrically connected to a positive pole of a second switching energy storage capacitor, the second power switch, the third power switch, and the second switching port The negative pole of the capacitor is electrically connected to a first ground end, and the first coupling coil is wound around an iron core; an isolated transformer module, the isolated transformer module has a second coupling coil and a first a three-coupling coil, the non-circular end of the second coupling coil and the dot end of the third coupling coil are electrically connected, and the dot end of the second coupling coil is electrically connected to the positive end of the first rectifying diode The non-dot end of the third coupling coil is electrically connected a positive end of the second rectifying diode, a negative end of the first rectifying diode and a negative end of the second rectifying diode are electrically connected to one end of the output inductor, and the other end of the output inductor is electrically connected One end of the output capacitor and one end of the output resistor, the other end of the output resistor, the negative pole of the output capacitor, the non-circular end of the second coupling coil, and the dot end of the third coupling coil are electrically connected to a second a grounding end, the second coupling coil and the third coupling coil are wound around the core; and a control unit electrically connecting the first power switch, the second power switch and the third power switch The step-down conversion module is electrically isolated from the isolated transformer module, and the first ground terminal and the second ground terminal do not share a ground conductor.
據此，本發明的隔離式高降壓轉換器，可有效降低變壓器初級側之電壓，而採用低匝數比之耦合線圈即可達到高降壓的目的，並提高初級側線圈與次級側線圈的耦合係數而降低漏電感，使本發明可實現高降壓、高轉換效率及元件參數選擇彈性等功效。Accordingly, the isolated high-voltage buck converter of the present invention can effectively reduce the voltage on the primary side of the transformer, and the low-turn ratio coupling coil can achieve the purpose of high voltage reduction, and the primary side coil and the secondary side are improved. The coupling coefficient of the coil reduces leakage inductance, so that the invention can achieve high voltage reduction, high conversion efficiency, and component parameter selection flexibility.
其中，該控制單元產生一第一脈衝寬度調變信號及一第二脈衝寬度調變信號。如此，係具有控制各儲能電感、電容進行充、放電的功效。The control unit generates a first pulse width modulation signal and a second pulse width modulation signal. In this way, it has the function of controlling the charge and discharge of each energy storage inductor and capacitor.effect.
其中，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號及該第二脈衝寬度調變信號具有相同循環週期。如此，各組件的參數值依據固定循環變化，係具有穩定輸出電壓的功效。The first pulse width modulation signal and the second pulse width modulation signal have the same cycle period. In this way, the parameter values of the components vary according to a fixed cycle, and have the effect of stabilizing the output voltage.
其中，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號及該第二脈衝寬度調變信號的相位差為循環週期的一半。如此，各儲能電感、電容在各自的半循環週期內進行充、放電的時間相等，係具有穩定輸出電壓的功效。The phase difference between the first pulse width modulation signal and the second pulse width modulation signal is half of the cycle period. In this way, each of the energy storage inductors and capacitors is charged and discharged for the same time in each half cycle, and has the effect of stabilizing the output voltage.
其中，該第一功率開關、該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關為金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體。如此，各功率開關可接受脈衝寬度調變信號，係具有控制各儲能電感、電容進行充、放電的功效。The first power switch, the second power switch, and the third power switch are metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. In this way, each power switch can receive a pulse width modulation signal, and has the function of controlling charging and discharging of each energy storage inductor and capacitor.
其中，該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關的耐電壓低於輸入電壓。如此，該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關承受低電壓應力，係具有節省元件成本的功效。The withstand voltage of the second power switch and the third power switch is lower than the input voltage. In this way, the second power switch and the third power switch are subjected to low voltage stress, which has the effect of saving component cost.
其中，該第一耦合線圈的匝數係該第二耦合線圈及該第三耦合線圈的匝數之數倍，該第二耦合線圈及該第三耦合線圈的匝數相同。如此，該第一耦合線圈的感應電壓數倍於該第二耦合線圈及該第三耦合線圈的感應電壓，且該第二耦合線圈及該第三耦合線圈的感應電壓相等，係具有降壓及穩定輸出電壓的功效。The number of turns of the first coupling coil is a multiple of the number of turns of the second coupling coil and the third coupling coil, and the number of turns of the second coupling coil and the third coupling coil is the same. In this way, the induced voltage of the first coupling coil is several times higher than the induced voltage of the second coupling coil and the third coupling coil, and the induced voltages of the second coupling coil and the third coupling coil are equal. The effect of stabilizing the output voltage.
其中，該鐵芯工作的磁滯曲線通過一、三象限。如此，可提高鐵芯的利用率，係具有縮小鐵芯體積且節省元件成本的功效。Among them, the hysteresis curve of the iron core works through the first and third quadrants. In this way, the utilization rate of the iron core can be improved, which has the effect of reducing the core volume and saving component costs.
1‧‧‧降壓轉換模組1‧‧‧Buck conversion module
11‧‧‧第一功率開關11‧‧‧First power switch
12‧‧‧儲能電感12‧‧‧ Storage inductance
13‧‧‧飛輪二極體13‧‧‧Flywheel diode
14‧‧‧第二功率開關14‧‧‧second power switch
15‧‧‧第一切換儲能電容15‧‧‧First switching storage capacitor
16‧‧‧第三功率開關16‧‧‧ Third power switch
17‧‧‧第一耦合線圈17‧‧‧First coupled coil
18‧‧‧第二切換儲能電容18‧‧‧Second switched storage capacitor
2‧‧‧隔離式變壓模組2‧‧‧Isolated transformer module
21‧‧‧第二耦合線圈21‧‧‧Second coupling coil
22‧‧‧第三耦合線圈22‧‧‧ Third Coupling Coil
23‧‧‧第一整流二極體23‧‧‧First rectifying diode
24‧‧‧第二整流二極體24‧‧‧Secondary rectifier diode
25‧‧‧輸出電感25‧‧‧Output inductance
26‧‧‧輸出電容26‧‧‧Output capacitor
27‧‧‧輸出電阻27‧‧‧Output resistance
3‧‧‧控制單元3‧‧‧Control unit
Vi‧‧‧輸入電壓Vi‧‧‧ input voltage
Vo‧‧‧輸出電壓Vo‧‧‧ output voltage
G1‧‧‧第一接地端G1‧‧‧first ground
G2‧‧‧第二接地端G2‧‧‧second ground
P1‧‧‧第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1‧‧‧First pulse width modulation signal
P2‧‧‧第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2‧‧‧second pulse width modulation signal
Ia‧‧‧儲能電感電流Ia‧‧‧ Energy storage inductor current
Ib‧‧‧第一感應電流Ib‧‧‧first induced current
Ic‧‧‧第二感應電流Ic‧‧‧second induced current
Id‧‧‧第三感應電流Id‧‧‧ third induced current
Io‧‧‧輸出電流Io‧‧‧ output current
第1圖：本發明一實施例的電路架構圖。Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖：本發明一實施例之電路元件的參數變化時序圖。Fig. 2 is a timing chart showing changes in parameters of circuit elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t0~t1階段的工作狀態圖。Fig. 3 is a view showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t0~t1.
第4圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t1~t2階段的工作狀態圖。Fig. 4 is a view showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t1 to t2.
第5圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t2~t3階段的工作狀態圖。Fig. 5 is a view showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t2 to t3.
第6圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t3~t4階段的工作狀態圖。Figure 6 is a diagram showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t3~t4.
第7圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t4~t5階段的工作狀態圖。Figure 7 is a diagram showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t4~t5.
第8圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t5~t6階段的工作狀態圖。Figure 8 is a diagram showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage of t5~t6.
第9圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t6~t7階段的工作狀態圖。Figure 9 is a diagram showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t6~t7.
第10圖：本發明一實施例之電路於t7~t8階段的工作狀態圖。Fig. 10 is a view showing the operation state of the circuit of the embodiment of the present invention at the stage t7~t8.
為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下：請參照第1圖所示，其係本發明隔離式高降壓轉換器的第一實施例，係包含一降壓轉換模組1、一隔離式變壓模組2及一控制單元3，經整合該降壓轉換模組1及該隔離式變壓模組2，輸入電壓Vi電性連接該降壓轉換模組1，由該隔離式變壓模組2取得輸出電壓Vo，該控制單元3電性連接該降壓轉換模組1。The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the appended claims. The first embodiment of the isolated high-voltage buck converter of the present invention comprises a step-down conversion module 1, an isolated transformer module 2 and a control unit 3, and the step-down conversion module 1 is integrated. And the isolated voltage transformer module 2, the input voltage Vi is electrically connected to the buck conversion module 1, and the output voltage Vo is obtained by the isolated transformer module 2, and the control unit 3 is electrically connected to the buck conversion mode Group 1.
該降壓轉換模組1具有一第一功率開關11、一儲能電感12、一飛輪二極體13、一第二功率開關14、一第一切換儲能電容15、一第三功率開關16、一第一耦合線圈17及一第二切換儲能電容18，該第一功率開關11之汲極電性連接該輸入電壓Vi之正極，且源極電性連接該儲能電感12之一端及該飛輪二極體13之負極，該飛輪二極體13之正極電性連接該第二功率開關14之源極及該第一切換儲能電容15之負極，該儲能電感12之另一端電性連接該第一切換儲能電容15之正極、該第三功率開關16之汲極及該第一耦合線圈17之圓點端，該第一耦合線圈17之非圓點端電性連接該第二切換儲能電容18之正極，該第二功率開關14之汲極、該第三功率開關16之源極、該第二切換儲能電容18之負極及該輸入電壓Vi之負極電性連接於第一接地端G1，該第一功率開關11、該第二功率開關14及該第三功率開關16可為金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體。The step-down conversion module 1 has a first power switch 11 , an energy storage inductor 12 , a flywheel diode 13 , a second power switch 14 , a first switching energy storage capacitor 15 , and a third power switch 16 . a first coupling coil 17 and a second switching energy storage capacitor 18, the first power switch 11 is electrically connected to the anode of the input voltage Vi, and the source is electrically connected to one end of the energy storage inductor 12 and The anode of the flywheel diode 13 is electrically connected to the anode of the second power switch 14 and the cathode of the first switching storage capacitor 15, and the other end of the energy storage inductor 12 is electrically Connected to the anode of the first switching storage capacitor 15 , the drain of the third power switch 16 and the dot end of the first coupling coil 17 , the non-dot end of the first coupling coil 17 is electrically connected to the first Switching the anode of the storage capacitor 18, the drain of the second power switch 14, the source of the third power switch 16, the cathode of the second switching storage capacitor 18, and the input voltage ViThe first power switch 11, the second power switch 14, and the third power switch 16 can be metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors.
該隔離式變壓模組2具有一第二耦合線圈21、一第三耦合線圈22、一第一整流二極體23、一第二整流二極體24、一輸出電感25、一輸出電容26及一輸出電阻27，該第二耦合線圈21之非圓點端及該第三耦合線圈22之圓點端電性連接，該第二耦合線圈21之圓點端電性連接該第一整流二極體23之正極端，該第三耦合線圈22之非圓點端電性連接該第二整流二極體24之正極端，該第一整流二極體23之負極端及該第二整流二極體24之負極端電性連接該輸出電感25之一端，該輸出電感25之另一端電性連接該輸出電容26之正極及該輸出電阻27之一端，該輸出電阻27之另一端、該輸出電容26之負極、該第二耦合線圈21之非圓點端及該第三耦合線圈22之圓點端電性連接於第二接地端G2。The isolated transformer module 2 has a second coupling coil 21, a third coupling coil 22, a first rectifying diode 23, a second rectifying diode 24, an output inductor 25, and an output capacitor 26. And an output resistor 27, the non-circular end of the second coupling coil 21 and the dot end of the third coupling coil 22 are electrically connected, and the dot end of the second coupling coil 21 is electrically connected to the first rectifying The non-circular end of the third coupling coil 22 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second rectifying diode 24, the negative terminal of the first rectifying diode 23 and the second rectifying diode The negative terminal of the body 24 is electrically connected to one end of the output inductor 25. The other end of the output inductor 25 is electrically connected to the anode of the output capacitor 26 and one end of the output resistor 27. The other end of the output resistor 27, the output The anode of the capacitor 26, the non-circular end of the second coupling coil 21, and the dot end of the third coupling coil 22 are electrically connected to the second ground terminal G2.
該控制單元3產生脈衝寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)信號並輸出至該降壓轉換模組1，一第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1輸出至該第一功率開關11之閘極及該第二功率開關14之閘極，一第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2輸出至該第三功率開關16之閘極。The control unit 3 generates a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal and outputs the signal to the buck conversion module 1. A first pulse width modulation signal P1 is output to the gate of the first power switch 11 and the gate A gate of the second power switch 14 and a second pulse width modulation signal P2 are output to the gate of the third power switch 16.
該第一耦合線圈17係變壓器之初級側，與該第二耦合線圈21及該第三耦合線圈22係次級側，皆圈繞於一鐵芯，該第一耦合線圈17的匝數係該第二耦合線圈21及該第三耦合線圈22的匝數之數倍，該第二耦合線圈21及該第三耦合線圈22的匝數相同，且初級側與次級側之間係電絕緣，該降壓轉換模組1與該隔離式變壓模組2之間採用電氣隔離，該第一接地端G1與該第二接地端G2不共用接地導體而存在不同電位。The first coupling coil 17 is a primary side of the transformer, and the secondary side of the second coupling coil 21 and the third coupling coil 22 are wound around an iron core, and the number of turns of the first coupling coil 17 is The number of turns of the second coupling coil 21 and the third coupling coil 22 is the same, the number of turns of the second coupling coil 21 and the third coupling coil 22 is the same, and the primary side and the secondary side are electrically insulated. The step-down conversion module 1 and the isolated transformer module 2 are electrically isolated. The first ground terminal G1 and the second ground terminal G2 do not share a ground conductor and have different potentials.
該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關的耐電壓低於輸入電壓，該第二功率開關及該第三功率開關承受低電壓應力，可節省元件成本。The withstand voltage of the second power switch and the third power switch is lower than the input voltage, and the second power switch and the third power switch are subjected to low voltage stress, thereby saving component cost.
請參照第1、2圖所示，該控制單元3提供該第一脈衝寬度調變信號及該第二脈衝寬度調變信號依據同一循環週期，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號及該第二脈衝寬度調變信號的相位差為循環週期的一半，使該降壓轉換模組1及該隔離式變壓模組2運作，各組件的參數值變化分為t0~t8的八個階段為一循環。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the control unit 3 provides the first pulse width.The modulation signal and the second pulse width modulation signal are in the same cycle period, and the phase difference between the first pulse width modulation signal and the second pulse width modulation signal is half of the cycle period, so that the step-down conversion module 1 and the isolated transformer module 2 operates, and the parameter values of each component are divided into eight stages of t0~t8 as one cycle.
請參照第1~4圖所示，t0~t2階段，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1輸出使該第一功率開關11及該第二功率開關14導通，該第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2零輸出使該第三功率開關16斷路；該輸入電壓Vi接通該儲能電感12，使該儲能電感電流Ia增加並產生感應電壓抵銷部分的該輸入電壓Vi，此時該儲能電感12以磁場方式儲存能量；該飛輪二極體13為逆向偏壓不導通；該第一切換儲能電容15進行放電，將能量轉移至該第一耦合線圈17及該第二切換儲能電容18；該第一耦合線圈17具有一第一感應電流Ib產生變動磁場，經過鐵芯傳遞使該第二耦合線圈21產生一第二感應電流Ic，及該第三耦合線圈22產生一第三感應電流Id。Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, in the stage t0~t2, the first pulse width modulation signal P1 is output to turn on the first power switch 11 and the second power switch 14, and the second pulse width modulation signal P2 The zero output turns off the third power switch 16; the input voltage Vi turns on the energy storage inductor 12, causes the stored inductor current Ia to increase and generates the input voltage Vi of the induced voltage offset portion, and the energy storage inductor 12 is stored in a magnetic field; the flywheel diode 13 is reverse biased non-conducting; the first switching storage capacitor 15 is discharged to transfer energy to the first coupling coil 17 and the second switching storage capacitor 18 The first coupling coil 17 has a first induced current Ib to generate a varying magnetic field, and the second coupling coil 21 generates a second induced current Ic through the core transfer, and the third coupled coil 22 generates a third induced current. Id.
t0~t1階段，該第一感應電流Ib升高，同時，該第二感應電流Ic升高，該第三感應電流Id下降，當該第三感應電流Id下降至零電流，該第二整流二極體24防止產生負電流，使該第三耦合線圈22停止運作，進入t1~t2階段，因缺少該第三耦合線圈22的感應磁場，該第一感應電流Ib及該第二感應電流Ic升高的趨勢減緩。In the t0~t1 phase, the first induced current Ib is increased, and at the same time, the second induced current Ic is increased, the third induced current Id is decreased, and when the third induced current Id is decreased to zero current, the second rectified second The pole body 24 prevents a negative current from being generated, causes the third coupling coil 22 to stop operating, and enters a stage t1~t2. Due to the lack of the induced magnetic field of the third coupling coil 22, the first induced current Ib and the second induced current Ic rise. The high trend is slowing down.
請參照第1、2、5、6圖所示，t2~t4階段，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1零輸出使該第一功率開關11及該第二功率開關14斷路，該第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2零輸出使該第三功率開關16斷路；該儲能電感12停止接受該輸入電壓Vi，使該儲能電感電流Ia下降並產生反向的感應電壓，該儲能電感12進行釋放能量，該第一切換儲能電容15以電場方式儲存能量；該飛輪二極體13為順向偏壓導通。Referring to the first, second, fifth, and sixth diagrams, in the t2~t4 phase, the first pulse width modulation signal P1 zero output causes the first power switch 11 and the second power switch 14 to be disconnected, and the second pulse The zero output of the width modulation signal P2 turns off the third power switch 16; the energy storage inductor 12 stops accepting the input voltage Vi, causes the stored energy inductor current Ia to drop and generates a reverse induced voltage, and the energy storage inductor 12 performs The energy is released, and the first switching storage capacitor 15 stores energy in an electric field manner; the flywheel diode 13 is turned on in a forward bias.
t2~t3階段，該第一感應電流Ib下降，該第二切換儲能電容18以電場方式儲存能量，同時，該第二感應電流Ic下降，該第三感應電流Id升高，當該第一感應電流Ib下降至零電流，該第二切換儲能電容18的逆向偏壓使該第三功率開關16停止接地，使該第一耦合線圈17停止運作，進入t3~t4階段，因缺少該第一耦合線圈17的感應磁場，該第二感應電流Ic及該第三感應電流Id下降。In the t2~t3 phase, the first induced current Ib decreases, and the second switched storage capacitor18 stores energy in an electric field manner, and at the same time, the second induced current Ic decreases, the third induced current Id rises, and when the first induced current Ib falls to zero current, the reverse bias of the second switched storage capacitor 18 Stopping the third power switch 16 to ground, causing the first coupling coil 17 to stop operating, entering the stage t3~t4, due to the lack of the induced magnetic field of the first coupling coil 17, the second induced current Ic and the third induced current Id fell.
請參照第1、2、7、8圖所示，t4~t6階段，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1零輸出使該第一功率開關11及該第二功率開關14斷路，該第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2輸出使該第三功率開關16導通；該儲能電感電流Ia下降，該儲能電感12進行釋放能量，該第一切換儲能電容15以電場方式儲存能量；該飛輪二極體13為順向偏壓導通；該第二切換儲能電容18進行放電，將能量轉移至該第一耦合線圈17；該第一耦合線圈17產生該第一感應電流Ib，經過鐵芯傳遞使該第二耦合線圈21產生該第二感應電流Ic，及該第三耦合線圈22產生該第三感應電流Id。Referring to the first, second, seventh, and eighth diagrams, the first pulse width modulation signal P1 zero output causes the first power switch 11 and the second power switch 14 to be disconnected, and the second pulse is turned off. The width modulation signal P2 output turns on the third power switch 16; the energy storage inductor current Ia decreases, the energy storage inductor 12 releases energy, and the first switching energy storage capacitor 15 stores energy in an electric field manner; the flywheel diode The body 13 is forward biased to conduct; the second switching storage capacitor 18 discharges to transfer energy to the first coupling coil 17; the first coupling coil 17 generates the first induced current Ib, which is transmitted through the core The second coupling coil 21 generates the second induced current Ic, and the third coupling coil 22 generates the third induced current Id.
t4~t5階段，該第一感應電流Ib呈反向升高，同時，該第二感應電流Ic下降，該第三感應電流Id升高，當該第二感應電流Ic下降至零電流，該第一整流二極體23防止產生負電流，使該第二耦合線圈21停止運作，進入t5~t6階段，因缺少該第二耦合線圈21的感應磁場，該第一感應電流Ib及該第三感應電流Ic升高的趨勢減緩。During the period from t4 to t5, the first induced current Ib rises in the opposite direction, and at the same time, the second induced current Ic decreases, the third induced current Id rises, and when the second induced current Ic falls to zero current, the first A rectifying diode 23 prevents a negative current from being generated, causing the second coupling coil 21 to stop operating, and enters a stage t5~t6. Due to the lack of the induced magnetic field of the second coupling coil 21, the first induced current Ib and the third sensing The tendency for the current Ic to rise is slowed down.
請參照第1、2、9、10圖所示，t6~t8階段，該第一脈衝寬度調變信號P1零輸出使該第一功率開關11及該第二功率開關14斷路，該第二脈衝寬度調變信號P2零輸出使該第三功率開關16斷路；該儲能電感電流Ia下降，該儲能電感12進行釋放能量，該第一切換儲能電容15以電場方式儲存能量；該飛輪二極體13為順向偏壓導通。Referring to the first, second, ninth, and tenth diagrams, the first pulse width modulation signal P1 zero output causes the first power switch 11 and the second power switch 14 to be disconnected, and the second pulse The zero-modulation signal P2 zero output disconnects the third power switch 16; the stored energy inductor current Ia decreases, the energy storage inductor 12 releases energy, and the first switching energy storage capacitor 15 stores energy in an electric field manner; the flywheel two The polar body 13 is turned on in the forward bias.
t6~t7階段，該第一感應電流Ib下降，該第一切換儲能電容15以電場方式儲存能量，同時，該第二感應電流Ic升高，該第三感應電流Id下降，當該第一感應電流Ib下降至零電流，該第一切換儲能電容15的逆向偏壓使該第二功率開關14停止接地，使該第一耦合線圈17停止運作，進入t7~t8階段，因缺少該第一耦合線圈17的感應磁場，該第二感應電流Ic及該第三感應電流Id下降。In the t6~t7 phase, the first induced current Ib decreases, the first switched storage capacitor 15 stores energy in an electric field manner, and at the same time, the second induced current Ic increases, the third induced currentId falls. When the first induced current Ib drops to zero current, the reverse bias of the first switching storage capacitor 15 stops the second power switch 14 from grounding, causing the first coupling coil 17 to stop operating and enter t7~ In the t8 stage, the second induced current Ic and the third induced current Id are decreased due to the lack of the induced magnetic field of the first coupling coil 17.
請參照第1、2圖所示，該輸出電感25存在一輸出電流Io係該第二感應電流Ic及該第三感應電流Id合併，該輸出電流Io的工作週期為該控制單元3循環週期的一半，該輸出電流Io分流至該輸出電容26及該輸出電阻27，於該輸出電阻27形成一輸出電壓Vo。Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the output inductor 25 has an output current Io, which is a combination of the second induced current Ic and the third induced current Id. The duty cycle of the output current Io is the cycle of the control unit 3 Half of the output current Io is shunted to the output capacitor 26 and the output resistor 27, and an output voltage Vo is formed at the output resistor 27.
該儲能電感12、該第一切換儲能電容15及該第二切換儲能電容18，在不同階段交替釋放及儲存能量，使作用於該第一耦合線圈17之電壓減半，並使通過的該第一感應電流Ib在循環週期中反轉二次。The energy storage inductor 12, the first switching energy storage capacitor 15 and the second switching energy storage capacitor 18 alternately release and store energy at different stages, halving the voltage applied to the first coupling coil 17, and passing The first induced current Ib is inverted twice in the cycle period.
該第一感應電流Ib的反轉導致該第一耦合線圈17產生的感應磁場方向交替逆轉，使圈繞之鐵芯工作的磁滯曲線通過一、三象限，而提高該鐵芯的利用率。The reversal of the first induced current Ib causes the direction of the induced magnetic field generated by the first coupling coil 17 to be alternately reversed, so that the hysteresis curve of the wound core is passed through the first and third quadrants, thereby improving the utilization of the core.
綜上所述，本發明的隔離式高降壓轉換器，可有效降低變壓器初級側之電壓，而採用低匝數比之耦合線圈即可達到高降壓的目的，並提高初級側線圈與次級側線圈的耦合係數而降低漏電感，又，提高該鐵芯的利用率可縮小鐵芯體積、以一半的循環次數可達到相同的輸出頻率，使本發明可實現高降壓、高轉換效率、降低元件成本及元件參數選擇彈性等功效。In summary, the isolated high-voltage buck converter of the present invention can effectively reduce the voltage on the primary side of the transformer, and the low-turn ratio coupling coil can achieve the purpose of high voltage reduction, and improve the primary side coil and the secondary. The coupling coefficient of the side coil reduces the leakage inductance, and the utilization of the core can reduce the core volume, and the same output frequency can be achieved in half the number of cycles, so that the invention can achieve high step-down and high conversion efficiency. Reduce the cost of components and the flexibility of component parameter selection.
雖然本發明已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍之內，相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本發明所保護之技術範疇，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments described above, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the invention is protected, and therefore the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW106124815ATWI628903B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Isolated high step-down buck converter |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW106124815ATWI628903B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Isolated high step-down buck converter |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI628903Btrue TWI628903B (en) | 2018-07-01 |
| TW201909530A TW201909530A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW106124815ATWI628903B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Isolated high step-down buck converter |
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| TW (1) | TWI628903B (en) |
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| TWI687031B (en)* | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-01 | 遠東科技大學 | High step-down ration direct current power converter |
| TWI748777B (en)* | 2020-12-02 | 2021-12-01 | 遠東科技大學 | Dc power converter with step-up and step-down voltage conversion functions |
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