593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1 ) 〔發明之詳細說明〕 〔發明所屬之技術領域〕 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明是關於淨水製造系統’更詳細爲有關具備使用 超密濾膜手段（nano-filtration membrane:NF膜）之處理 手段，以河川水、湖泊水、地下水等淡水做爲原水，將該 原水以上述N F膜進行高度處理例如於製造飮用水般之淨 水時，將上述N F膜以高回收率可長期性安定運轉之淨水 製造系統。 〔習知技術〕 習知在從河川水、湖泊水、地下水等淡水（以下稱原 水）中製造淨水時，是將原水之濁質成分進行凝聚處理， 對所形成的絮片進行沉澱處理，再者對所得之處理水進行 過濾處理依順序將原水中之濁質成分進行去除。然後，在 所得之處理水中例如進行氯消毒殺菌處理而製造可飮用之 淨水。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 然而最近由於工廠排水，農業廢水、生活排水使原水 更爲污染，因此在製造淨水時，有必要將來自這些排水所 混入之各種污染物質進行去除。 關於這般問題，可對過濾處理結束後之處理水施以 N F膜之處理來運轉去除各種污染物質之高度處理系統。 對於其系統參考第4圖進行以下說明。 該系統大體上其構成爲將所採用凝聚沉澱手段和過濾 手段及N F膜手段之高度處理手段進行直列結合。於該系 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -4- 593161 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3) 做爲沉澱池’例如採用單層式、階層式或是傾斜板式之橫 流式沉澱池。然後’於該沉澱池粗大絮片沉澱後，就製造 出上層淸水（處理水）。 如此，經過急速混合池、緩速攪拌池及沉澱池所得之 處理水，藉由適宜選擇各處理手段之運轉條件，通常，將 其濁度調整爲5度以下，最好是0 · 1〜2程度。其理由 是，爲減輕該上層淸水在接下來所處理之過濾手段的負荷 0 另，於此所謂之濁度爲，精製水1 L中所含標準高嶺 土 1 m g狀態之濁度爲1度時，對該濁度做爲相對値所定 義之指標，通常，以J I S K 〇 1 〇 1 「工業用水試驗 方法」所規定之透過光測定法或散亂光測定法來進行測定 〇 上述以攪拌沉澱手段之處理所得的上層淸水（處理水 )，接著移到過濾手段，進而去除濁質成分。 做爲該過濾手段，通常，採用砂濾、精密濾膜（micro-filtration membrane:MF膜）之過濾手段，或是採用超濾膜 (ultra-filtration membrane:UF 膜）之過濾手段。 在這些手段中，以砂濾的情況而言，例如在以砂、白 煤或是石榴石般之粒狀濾材積層爲單層或是多層之濾層中 ，例如以流速爲1 2 0〜1 5 0 m / d將處理對象之上述 上層淸水用向上流式或是向下流式進行過濾’使上層淸水 之濁質成分附著於濾材表面及透過濾層之篩濾作用而被去 除。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1) [Detailed description of the invention] [Technical field to which the invention belongs] (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) The present invention is about a water purification manufacturing system. Using ultra-dense membrane (NF membrane) treatment method, fresh water such as river water, lake water, groundwater is used as raw water, and the raw water is highly treated with the above NF membrane, such as in the production of tritium water. In the case of water purification, the water purification production system in which the above-mentioned NF membrane can be operated stably for a long period of time with a high recovery rate. [Knowledge technology] When producing purified water from fresh water such as river water, lake water, and groundwater (hereinafter referred to as raw water), it is known that the turbid components of the raw water are subjected to agglomeration treatment, and the formed flakes are subjected to precipitation treatment. Furthermore, the obtained treated water was filtered to remove turbid components in the raw water in order. Then, the obtained treated water is subjected to, for example, chlorine disinfection and sterilization treatment to produce usable purified water. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. However, recently, due to factory drainage, agricultural wastewater, and domestic wastewater, the raw water is more polluted. Therefore, it is necessary to remove all kinds of pollutants mixed from these drainages when manufacturing purified water. Regarding such a problem, a high-treatment system for removing various pollutants can be operated by applying an NF membrane treatment to the treated water after the filtration treatment is completed. The following description of the system will be described with reference to FIG. 4. The system is basically structured to combine in-line the highly-aggregated means of the coacervation and filtration means and the NF membrane means. For this series, the paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -4- 593161 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) As a sedimentation tank Single-layer, hierarchical or inclined plate type cross-flow sedimentation tank. Then, after the coarse flakes are settled in the sedimentation tank, the upper layer of water (processed water) is produced. In this way, the treated water obtained through the rapid mixing tank, the slow stirring tank, and the sedimentation tank is appropriately adjusted to the operating conditions of each treatment means. Generally, the turbidity is adjusted to 5 degrees or less, preferably 0. 1 to 2 degree. The reason is that in order to reduce the load of the filtering means to be processed in the next layer of water, the turbidity is referred to as when the turbidity in the state of 1 mg of standard kaolin contained in 1 L of purified water is 1 degree. The turbidity is defined as a relative index. Generally, the turbidity is measured by a transmission light measurement method or a scattered light measurement method specified in JISK 〇1 〇1 "Industrial Water Test Method". The treated upper layer of mash water (treated water) is then moved to a filtering means to remove turbid components. As the filtration means, generally, a sand filtration, a micro-filtration membrane (MF membrane) filtration method, or an ultra-filtration membrane (UF membrane) filtration method is used. In these methods, in the case of sand filtration, for example, in the case of sand, white coal, or garnet-like granular filter material laminated as a single layer or multiple layers, for example, with a flow rate of 1 2 0 ~ 1 50 m / d The above-mentioned upper layer of water to be treated is filtered by the up-flow type or the down-flow type, so that the turbid component of the upper layer of water is adhered to the surface of the filter material and filtered through the filtering layer to be removed. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
-6 - 593161 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（4) 藉由該砂濾，使上述之上層淸水更進〜步地去濁。因 此，爲使所得之處理水之S D I値在5以下，最好是在內 3以下，需適宜選定砂濾之濾層的厚度、濾材之粒徑等條 件。 該砂攄的情況，當濾層爲完全捕捉濁質成分之狀態、日寺 ，因濾層將產生阻塞而開始降低過濾作用，故通常使用淨 水進行間歇性逆洗。 又’上述S D I (silt density index)，係根據水中所含 之懸濁物質，針對在孔徑0 . 4 5 # m之膜過濾材經1分 鐘所阻塞之程度而言，該値愈小表示懸濁物質愈少水愈淸 澄。 接著，以採用M F膜或是U F膜之過濾手段的情況來 看，將上述上層淸水於膜面之一側進行所指定運轉壓之流 動時，從另一側之膜面以某滲透流速可得到滲透水。此時 ，比形成於膜上之細孔還小之濁質成分將會移動至滲透水 側，但比上述細孔還大之濁質成分將無法滲透模而殘留在 膜面側。 因此，以M F膜或是U F膜來過濾上述上層淸水時， 該上層淸水，將分離成已去除某種大程度之濁質成分的滲 透水，及濁質成分濃度上昇之濃縮水。 於該情況，因U F膜細孔較通常之M F膜細孔爲小， 故可去濁到小的濁質成分，但於這般之過濾手段，經這般 膜處理後之滲透水的S D I要在3以下，最好是在2以下 來進行運轉。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） n m mi i-ir— ϋϋ -- i - -nf ί—i-i— 一 V -- - mu nn fm· nm —m i (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593161 A7 B7 ~— 五、發明説明（5) 例如，以聚丙烯 （PAN)、聚偏二氟乙烯（ PVDF)、聚乙烯（PE)、聚丙烯（PP)、聚 （ P S )、乙酸纖維素、或是各種陶瓷來組成濾膜，將中空 線或是平膜形狀之M F膜微型組件或U F膜微型組件以大 致運轉壓〇 ·〇1〜〇· 3MPa 、滲透流速〇 · 3〜 5 m / d的條件來進行運轉時，可得到上述之S D I的滲 透水。 接著將以這般過濾手段處理過之處理水，移送到N F 膜手段，於此進行高度處理。 具體而言，於此對上述過濾手段所未去除之各種需去 除之物質進行去除。 即，有效地去除例如腐殖酸、黑腐酸般之低〜中分子 量有機物；-6-593161 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (4) With the sand filter, the above-mentioned water in the upper layer will be more turbid. Therefore, in order to make the S D I 値 of the obtained treated water be 5 or less, preferably 3 or less, it is necessary to appropriately select conditions such as the thickness of the filter layer of the sand filter and the particle diameter of the filter material. In the case of sand, when the filter layer is in a state that completely captures the turbidity components, Nichiji, because the filter layer will become clogged, and the filtering effect starts to decrease, it is usually intermittently backwashed with purified water. The above SDI (silt density index) refers to the suspended matter contained in the water. For the degree of clogging of the membrane filter material with a pore size of 0.45 #m in 1 minute, the smaller the 値 means the suspension The less material, the clearer the water. Next, in the case of using the MF membrane or UF membrane filtration means, when the above-mentioned water is flowed on one side of the membrane surface at a specified operating pressure, the membrane surface at the other side can be flowed at a certain permeate flow rate. Get osmotic water. At this time, turbid components smaller than the pores formed in the membrane will move to the water permeation side, but turbid components larger than the pores will not penetrate the mold and remain on the membrane surface side. Therefore, when the above-mentioned mashed water is filtered with an M F membrane or a U F membrane, the mashed water of the upper layer is separated into permeated water from which turbidity components have been removed to a certain extent, and concentrated water with an increased turbidity component concentration. In this case, because the pores of the UF membrane are smaller than the pores of the ordinary MF membrane, it can remove turbidity to a small turbidity component. However, with such filtration means, the SDI of the permeated water after such membrane treatment is required. The operation is preferably performed at 3 or less, preferably at 2 or less. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) nm mi i-ir— ϋϋ-i--nf ί—ii— one V--mu nn fm · nm —mi (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 593161 A7 B7 ~ — V. Description of the invention (5) For example, polypropylene (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polymer Ethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly (PS), cellulose acetate, or various ceramics are used to form filter membranes. Hollow wires or flat membrane-shaped MF membrane micro-modules or UF membrane micro-modules are used to operate roughly. When operating under the conditions of a pressure of 0.01 to 0.3 MPa and an osmotic flow rate of 0.3 to 5 m / d, the above-mentioned SDI permeated water can be obtained. The treated water treated by such filtering means is then transferred to the NF membrane means, where it is highly treated. Specifically, various substances to be removed which are not removed by the above filtering means are removed here. That is, it effectively removes low to medium molecular weight organics such as humic acid and black humic acid;
Simagin(日本農藥名）、Atoragin(日本農藥名）般之農藥；地 奧明、2-甲基異龍腦般之臭氣物質；三鹵甲烷 (trihalomethane)前身所含之消毒副生成物前身；C a 2+或 ~1昆2+等之硬度成分；？62+、“112+、八13+、 S〇4 2 —般之2價以上的多價離子。 做爲這般之N F膜，例如可此採用由橋聯 胺、乙酸 酯纖維素所形成之濾膜。接著，使用將其中空線成束或是 將其平膜捲成螺旋狀所組成之膜微型組件，通常以運轉壓 〇· 2〜〇· 7MPa 、滲透流速〇 · 2〜2m/d之條 件來進行上述高度處理。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） —,—!—一 ——------、訂------~ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -8- 593161 ' A7 B7 五、發明説明（6) 〔本發明欲解決之課題〕 如此，第4圖所表示之淨水製造系統的情況，係藉由 N F膜進行高度處理，所得之淨水爲例如連農藥等均已去 除之高品質淨水。 然而，於淨水製造系統中，重要的是要從處理對象的 原水中有效地製造大量做爲使用目的之高品質淨水。即， 需要以高回收率可取得淨水之系統。 關於如此之問題，於未使用N F膜之系統中，如所知 有例如將砂濾逆洗時之洗淨排水用一旦排水處理手段來進 行乾淨化，且將乾淨之逆洗水送回至原水中來進行凝聚沉 澱處理，過濾處理之順序循環處理方式。根據該方式，因 所處理過之原水的一部分被再度利用，故從原水之淨水回 收率就變高。 然而，即使將該循環處理方式單純地結合淨水製造系 統組成淨水製造系統，於其淨水製造系統中，以該當淨水 製造系統要製造高回收率之高度處理過的淨水是有所困難 〇 實際上，經過循環處理方式之過濾手段的確是可提供 給N F膜手段S D I在3以下且大量之處理水。可是，因 其N F膜手段所運轉之回收率只有8 0 %程度，故即使從 上述過濾手段供給了大量的處理水但淨水製造系統之整體 回收率仍受限。 例如，在N F膜手段之運轉時，提高其運轉壓’將滲 透流速變大以例如回收率9 0 %之條件來進行運轉時’因 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） / / ip ϋϋ —.^ϋ em f rn HI* ml —m am· immu I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 f 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -9- 593161 A7 __B7 五、發明説明（7 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 短時間之運轉，在濃縮水中產生水銹使N F膜之膜面生垢 ，而減少滲透水量。即，如第4圖所示之具有N F膜手段 之淨水製造系統’其問題爲要長期性來安定運轉高回收率 是有所困難。 本發明爲，將後述之設計理念及根據其理念之具體性 手段組進第4圖所示之系統中，藉此可使N F膜手段以習 知未有之高回收率長期性安定進行運轉，其結果目的爲提 供系統整體可高回收率製造高度處理過之淨水之淨水製造 系統。 〔解決課題之手段〕 爲達成上述之目的，於本發明，其特徵爲在將原水以 凝聚沉澱手段、過濾手段及N F膜手段依順序處理而製造 淨水之淨水製造系統中，提供使上述N F膜手段以9 ◦ % 以上之回收率進行運轉的淨水製造系統。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 具體而言，該淨水製造系統，係爲於上述凝聚沉澱手 段之途中甚至於最後，或是在上述過濾手段和上述N F膜 手段之途中中介著軟化處理手段，將供給上述N F膜手段 之供水硬度成分濃度降低至在N F膜不產生水銹之濃度之 淨水製造系統，將以上述N F膜手段所製造之濃縮水之鈣 離子濃度爲C(mg/L)、硫酸離子濃度爲S (mg/ L )、鹼性度爲 A(mg/L as C a C Ο 3 )、 p H値爲H時，C、S、A、H間之關係爲下式： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ 297公釐） -10- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593161 ' A7 _ B7 五、發明説明（1〇) 則可抑制因這些所形成之水銹，反之溶解度若爲小時則形 成水銹於濃縮水中。 . 又因NF膜手段如上述般針對2價以上之多價離子（ 例如C a 2 +、M g 2 +、S〇4 2 —)的排除率高，故於以 N F膜手段分離所得之濃縮水中，c a 2 +或S〇4 2 一 或者H C 〇3 —等絮片主因的濃度就變高。 於此，考慮到爲使濃縮水中不形成C a S〇4之條件 〇 首先，將C a S〇4於之常溫下之溶解度積（Ksp) 以下式：Simagin (Japanese pesticide name), Atoragin (Japanese pesticide name) -like pesticides; Diamine, 2-methylisoborneol-like odorous substances; Trihalomethane (trihalomethane) predecessor contains the precursor of disinfection by-products; C a 2+ or ~ 1 Kun 2+ and other hardness components; 62+, "112+, eight 13+, S〇4 2-general multivalent ions of more than two valence. As such NF membrane, for example, can be formed by bridging amine, cellulose acetate Then, a membrane micro-module composed of hollow wires or a flat membrane rolled into a spiral is used, usually at an operating pressure of 0.2 to 0.7 MPa and an osmotic flow rate of 0.2 to 2 m / d conditions to carry out the above-mentioned high processing. This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) —, —! — 一 ————----, order ------ ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -8- 593161 'A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) [Problems to be solved by the present invention] So, the situation of the water purification production system shown in Figure 4 It is highly processed by NF membrane, and the purified water obtained is, for example, high-quality purified water from which even pesticides and the like have been removed. However, in a water purification manufacturing system, it is important to efficiently produce from raw water to be treated A large amount of high-quality purified water is used for the purpose of use. That is, a system that can obtain purified water with a high recovery rate is required. The problem is that in the system without using NF membrane, as known, for example, the washing and drainage during sand filter backwashing can be cleaned by once drainage treatment means, and the clean backwashing water is returned to the raw water. A sequential cyclic treatment method in which a coacervation treatment and a filtration treatment are performed. According to this method, since a part of the treated raw water is reused, the purified water recovery rate from the raw water becomes higher. However, even if the recycling treatment method is simple The water purification manufacturing system is combined with the water purification manufacturing system to form a water purification manufacturing system. In the water purification manufacturing system, it is difficult to produce highly treated purified water with a high recovery rate. In fact, the recycling treatment method The filtering method can indeed provide a large amount of treated water with an SDI of less than 3 for the NF membrane means. However, because the recovery rate of the NF membrane means is only 80%, even if a large amount of treatment is provided from the above filtering means Water, but the overall recovery rate of the water purification manufacturing system is still limited. For example, during the operation of the NF membrane means, increasing its operating pressure will increase the permeate flow rate to, for example, When operating with a recovery rate of 90%, 'China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) applies to this paper size // ip ϋϋ —. ^ Ϋ em f rn HI * ml —m am · immu I (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order f Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-9- 593161 A7 __B7 V. Description of Invention (7) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this Page) For a short period of operation, scale will be generated in the concentrated water, which will foul the membrane surface of the NF membrane and reduce the amount of permeated water. That is, as shown in Figure 4, a water purification production system with a NF membrane method is a problem. It is difficult to operate stably for a long time with a high recovery rate. In the present invention, the design concept described below and specific means based on the concept are incorporated into the system shown in FIG. 4, so that the NF membrane means can be operated stably for a long period of time with a high recovery rate not known before, The result is to provide a water purification system capable of producing highly treated purified water with a high recovery rate as a whole. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, it is characterized by providing a water purification production system for producing purified water by sequentially treating raw water by a coacervation method, a filtration method, and a NF membrane method to produce purified water. NF membrane means a water purification production system that operates with a recovery rate of 9 ◦% or more. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Specifically, the water purification manufacturing system is designed to soften the way of the above-mentioned agglomeration and precipitation methods, or even the above-mentioned filtration methods and the above-mentioned NF membrane methods. Means to reduce the concentration of the hardness components of the water supplied to the NF membrane means to a concentration that does not produce rust in the NF membrane. The purified water production system reduces the calcium ion concentration of the concentrated water produced by the NF membrane means to C (mg / mg / L), when the sulfate ion concentration is S (mg / L), the basicity is A (mg / L as C a C Ο 3), and p H 値 is H, the relationship among C, S, A, and H is as follows Formula: This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -10- printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 593161 'A7 _ B7 5. The invention description (1〇) can suppress the cause These scales formed on the contrary, if the solubility is small, scales are formed in concentrated water. . Because the NF membrane method has a high rejection rate for polyvalent ions (such as Ca 2 +, M g 2+, S04 2 —) as described above, the concentration obtained by the NF membrane method is concentrated. In water, the concentration of ca 2+ or S04 2 or HC 0 3-and other flocculants is higher. Here, the conditions for preventing Ca S〇4 from forming in the concentrated water are considered. First, the solubility product (Ksp) of Ca S〇4 at normal temperature is as follows:
Ksp= [Ca2+] · [S〇42-] =1· 〇χ 1 〇-5……（1A) 來表示。尙，此時之〔Ca2+〕、 〔S〇42 —〕之濃度單 位各爲m ο 1 / L。Ksp = [Ca2 +] · [S〇42-] = 1 〇χ 1 〇-5 (1A). Alas, the concentration units of [Ca2 +] and [S〇42 —] at this time are each m ο 1 / L.
因此，將於N F膜手段之運轉時，分離所得之濃縮水 中的鈣離子濃度（〔C a 2 +〕）爲C ( m g / L )、硫酸 離子濃度（〔S〇42—〕）爲S (mg/L)時’其 〔C a2+〕和〔S〇42-〕之積在上述Ksp値（1 ·〇X 1〇-5)以上時，就會形成C a S〇4之絮片，若比Ksp 値小則濃縮水中不會形成水銹（C a S〇4 )。 於此，將〔C a 2 +〕 〔 S〇4 2 —〕之濃度單位均以m g/L來表示時，〔Ca2+〕· 〔S〇42 —〕則如下式： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） I——1卜卜卜β------訂------♦1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -13- 593161 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（11) [C a2 + ][S02-] = |(Cxl 〇~3)xJ_j|(Sxl 〇"3)><9^g c s =-v_n/ 1 Π-6 MR) 因此，以N F膜手段所得之濃縮水中，下式： 士士 1 〇-6 <1. ox 1 〇-5 (=KSP)……⑴ 若成立時，該當濃縮水中不會形成水銹（C a S〇4 )’並不會有N F膜手段之生垢現象，也不發生滲透水量 減少之現象，故於N F膜手段中可維持高水準之回收率。 其次以濃縮水中不形成C a C〇3之條件來考量。 根據「工業用水及排水處理」（岡本、日刊工業新 聞社），在含有Ca2+和HC〇3 —之水中是否會有 C a C〇3形成的判斷，是將被該當水中之鹼性度爲a μ和 〔C a24〕速率之飽和pH値（pHs)與實際pH値（ H)之差的飽和指數： I=H-pHs 做爲判斷指標。 即，若1>0時會形成絮片（CaC〇3)，若ι<〇時， 則C a C〇3會溶解就不會形成水銹。 因此，不形成C a C〇3之條件爲下式： 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（2!0Χ297公釐） ----1-Lβ-----------、玎------·1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -14- 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（12) pHs>H ......... (2A) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 根據上述文獻，pHs値爲下式； pHs=pK2-p.Ksp+pCa + pAM+a ......... (2 B) (尙，pK2爲碳酸第2離解常數且其値爲10 . 33 ，p K s ρ爲碳酸鈣之溶解度積且其値爲8 . 3 2，將 pCa以一log 〔Ca2+〕來表示，將ρΑμ以 log 〔Am〕來表示。又，〔Ca2+〕、〔Am〕之單位 均爲 m ο 1 / L。） 於此，因ρ Η < 9故可忽略式（2 B )之α項，結果 (2 Β )就變成下式： p H s = ρ Κ2 — p K s p + p C a + ρ Αμ ......... (2C) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 因此，從式（2 A )和式（2 C )可得下式： pK2-pKsp+pC a + pAM<H ......... (2D) 若滿足上式（2 D )之條件則在水中不會形成有 C a C〇3之水銹。 換言之，以N F膜手段分離所得之濃縮水中，若上式 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -15- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593161 A7 B7_____ 五、發明説明（14) 此時，式（1 )及式（2 )中之C値、S値、A値’ 係以和N F膜手段之目標回收率（R % )之關係，如下述 ，分別來預測C，値、S値，、A ’値，將這些預測値和上 述式（1 )及式（2 )中之C値、S値、A値進行比對’ 若這些預測値無法同時滿足式（1 )、式（2 )時，將藉 由後述之手段導入系統中，來謀求同時滿足式（1 )及式 (2 )。 首先，準備錦離子濃度爲Co (mg/L )、硫酸離子 濃度爲S〇(mg/L)、鹼性度爲 A 〇 ( m g / L as CaC〇3)之處理對象水（供水 )’又準備建設對象之淨水製造系統中應配置之N F膜手 段。 該N F膜手段，係以不形成水銹之回收率來運轉上述 供水之膜分離時，其鈣離子排除率爲r。（ ％ )、硫酸排除 率爲r s ( % )、鹼性度排除率爲r a ( % )。 採用上述供水及上述N F膜手段，於建設對象之淨水 製造系統中，以例如將9 0 %以上做爲目標回收率R ( % )之N F膜手段的運轉條件（例如運壓〇 . 2〜1 Μ P a 、滲透流速0 · 2〜3 m / d )來進行上述供水之膜分離 ，使該當供水分離成濃縮水及滲透水。 此時所得之濃縮水中的鈣離子濃度C ’ ( m g / L ) 、硫酸離子濃度S ’ （ m g / L )、鹼性度 A’ （mg/L as C a C Ο 3 )，分別由下式中 求算出。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210><297公釐） -----------------訂------ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -17- 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（15) C =CJ1Therefore, when the NF membrane device is operated, the concentration of calcium ion ([C a 2 +]) in the concentrated water obtained by separation is C (mg / L), and the concentration of sulfate ion ([S〇42-]) is S ( mg / L), when the product of [C a2 +] and [S〇42-] is more than the above Ksp 値 (1.0 × 1〇-5), a flocculent sheet of Ca S〇4 will be formed. When smaller than Ksp sp, scale will not be formed in concentrated water (C a S04). Here, when the concentration units of [C a 2 +] [S〇4 2 —] are expressed in mg / L, [Ca2 +] · [S〇42 —] are as follows: The paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNS) Α4 specifications (210X 297 mm) I——1 卜卜卜 β ------ Order ------ ♦ 1 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -13- 593161 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (11) [C a2 +] [S02-] = | (Cxl 〇 ~ 3) xJ_j | (Sxl 〇 " 3) > < 9 ^ gcs = -v_n / 1 Π-6 MR) Therefore, the concentrated water obtained by NF membrane method is as follows: taxi 1 〇-6 < 1. Ox 1 〇-5 (= KSP) ... When it is established, the water rust (C a S04) will not form in the concentrated water. There will be no scaling of the NF membrane means and no decrease in the amount of permeated water. Therefore, a high level can be maintained in the NF membrane means. The recovery rate. Secondly, consider the condition that no C a C03 is formed in the concentrated water. According to "Industrial Water and Drainage Treatment" (Okamoto, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun), the judgment of whether Ca C03 will be formed in water containing Ca2 + and HC〇3- is to determine that the alkalinity of the water is a Saturation index of the difference between the saturated pH 値 (pHs) of the μ and [C a24] rates and the actual pH 値 (H): I = H-pHs as a judgment index. That is, if 1 > 0, a floc (CaC〇3) is formed, and if ι < 0, CaCo3 will dissolve and no scale will be formed. Therefore, the condition for not forming C a C03 is the following formula: This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2! 0 × 297 mm) ---- 1-Lβ --------- -、 玎 ------ · 1 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -14- 593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) pHs > H ......... (2A) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) According to the above literature, pHs 値 is the following formula; pHs = pK2-p.Ksp + pCa + pAM + a ......... (2 B) (尙, pK2 is the second dissociation constant of carbonic acid and its 値 is 10.33, p K s ρ is the solubility product of calcium carbonate and its 値 is 8. 32, and pCa is expressed as a log [Ca2 +], Let ρΑμ be represented by log [Am]. In addition, the units of [Ca2 +] and [Am] are m ο 1 / L.) Here, because ρ Η < 9, the α term of the formula (2 B) can be ignored. , The result (2 Β) becomes the following formula: p H s = ρ Κ2 — p K sp + p C a + ρ Αμ ... (2C) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Therefore, from the formulas (2 A) and (2 C), the following formula can be obtained: pK2-pKsp + pC a + pAM < H ......... (2D) If the above formula (2 D) is satisfied The conditions are No rust in C a C03 is formed in the water. In other words, in the concentrated water obtained by NF membrane separation, if the above formula is used, the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) applies to this paper. -15- Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 593161 A7 B7_____ 5 Explanation of the invention (14) At this time, C 値, S 値, A 値 'in the formulas (1) and (2) are related to the target recovery rate (R%) of the NF membrane means, as follows, respectively To predict C, 値, S 値, and A '値, and compare these predictions 値 with C 値, S 値, A 中 in the above formula (1) and formula (2)' If these predictions 値 cannot be satisfied at the same time When formulas (1) and (2) are introduced into the system by means described later, it is sought to satisfy both formulas (1) and (2). First, prepare the treatment target water (water supply) with a concentration of Co (mg / L), a concentration of sulfate ion S0 (mg / L), and a basicity A 0 (mg / L as CaC03). The NF membrane means to be configured in the water purification manufacturing system of the construction target. This N F membrane means operates at a recovery rate at which no scale is formed, and when the membrane separation of the above-mentioned water supply is operated, the calcium ion rejection rate is r. (%), Sulfuric acid elimination rate is r s (%), and alkalinity elimination rate is ra (%). Using the above-mentioned water supply and the above-mentioned NF membrane means, in the water purification manufacturing system of the construction object, for example, the operating conditions of the NF membrane means (for example, operating pressure 0.2 to 2) with a target recovery rate R (%) of 90% or more 1 MPa, osmotic flow rate 0 · 2 ~ 3 m / d) to perform the membrane separation of the above water supply, so that the current water supply is separated into concentrated water and permeated water. The calcium ion concentration C '(mg / L), the sulfate ion concentration S' (mg / L), and the alkalinity A '(mg / L as C a C 〇3) in the concentrated water obtained at this time are respectively expressed by the following formulas Find out. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 > < 297mm) ----------------- Order ------ (Please read the back first Please note this page before filling out this page) -17- 593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (15) C = CJ1
R 10 0 〇ο ..(3)R 10 0 〇ο .. (3)
R 10 0 〇〇 R 1 0 0 10 0 .(4) .(5) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 從式（3 )、式（4 )、式（5 )中所得之c，値、 S値，、A，値，均爲採用上述性質之供水，以目標回收率 來運轉上述性質之N F膜手段時所得濃縮水鈣離子濃度、 硫酸離子濃度、鹼性度的預測値。 因此，將這些値分別代入式（i )及式（2 )中之C 、S、A，假設式（1 )及式（2 )同時成立時，就可判 斷建設對象之淨水製造系統，係不形成絮片且可維持上述 目標回收率（R )來進行運轉。 另一方面，在將這些値分別代入式（1 )及式（2 ) 中之C、S、A時，若式（1 )及式（2)無法同時成立 時，就可判斷以目標回收率（R )來進行運轉建設對象之 淨水製造系統時會有水銹之形成。 該主要原因爲對N F膜手段之供水中的鈴離子濃度， 即硬度成分筒的關係。因此，於本發明之淨水製造，在 N F膜手段之上流側配置軟化處理手段，來降低N F 膜手段之供水中的硬度成分’得以實現上述式（1 )及式 (2 )之同時成立，達到N F膜手段之高回收率運轉。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X：297公釐） n^i ml 1« nan im —ϋ··— —Βϋ— nm Hi·— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -18- 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1力 實際問題限定於急速混合時。而結晶法雖可實施於任何階 段，但若考慮到要防止所得之碳酸鈣滲漏至下流側則最好 是適用於過濾手段之前，此外若考量再度利用所得之碳酸 鈣時則最好是適用於濁質成分少之沉澱後。又，離子交換 法雖亦可實施於任何階段，但以抑制離子交換樹脂之污染 的觀點而言，最好是適用於過濾手段和N F膜手段之間。 第2圖爲表示本發明之另外的淨水製造系統。 該淨水製造系統，係爲於以N F膜手段之高回收率運 轉爲前提的第1圖所示系統中，將過濾手段例如把逆洗砂 濾所得之洗淨排水，中介著排水處理手段返送回原水而再 度利用該原水之系統。 於該系統中，由於已實現N F膜手段之高回收率運轉 ，且同時再度利用處理對象的原水，故整體而言提昇高度 處理淨水之回收慮。 於本發明之淨水製造系統，因是以第1圖或第2圖所 示之組成爲前提，故最好是如第3圖所示，對原水配置活 性碳添加手段。 藉由在原水中添加活性碳，使在後段凝聚沉澱手段或 過濾手段去除困難之例如臭氣物質、農藥、低分子量有機 物等可事先吸著、去除，以減輕N F膜手段之負荷，其結 果爲相乘N F膜手段之效果而可製造出更高品質之淨水。 該活性碳添加手段，係由原水之水質測定器和控制器 及活性碳添加裝置所組成。 於該手段，首先由水質測定器測定原水之水質，再將 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） -----— I!#—, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、11 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -20- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（1S) 其水質數據傳訊至控制器。控制器，係被事先設定成在所 指定之水質條件時進行傳訊。來自水質測定器之水質數據 係在輸入控制器後，與事先所設定之水質條件進行比對， 若水質數據和其事先所設定之水質條件相符時控制器將對 活性碳添加裝置傳訊起動訊號。接著，從活性碳添加裝置 中所指定量之活性碳就會添加至原水內。 另，所添加活性碳，係在後段凝聚沉澱手段或過濾手 段被去除，因此並不存於N F膜手段之供水中，故不會妨 礙該當N F膜手段之高回收率運轉。 〔本發明之實施例〕 實施例1 : (1 ) 所使用N F膜手段之r c、r s、r a的測定。 首先，將河川水依順序進行凝聚沉澱及砂濾以去除濁 質成分，並得到下述性質之上層淸水。 C〇 値：5〇mg/L ，So 値：26mg/L ，A〇 値：12〇mg/Las CaC〇3，pH(H)値： 7.4。 接著，使用NF膜（東 （株）製，SU— 61〇） ，對上述上層淸水，以水溫3 2 °C、運轉壓0 . 5 6 Μ P a、回收率2 5 %之條件進行膜分離，以求得對 該N F膜之上述上層淸水的r c、r s、r a。另，在上述 運轉之過程，於濃縮水中並沒有產生水銹之形成。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） -------:--：----^-----1T------9— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -21 - 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（19) 其結果，鈣離子排除率r c爲6 4 · 0 %、硫酸排除率 r s爲9 9 · 8 %、鹼性度排除率爲r. a 6 0 · 2 %。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) (2 ) 系統之運轉 在砂濾後之上層淸水中配置採用結晶法之軟化處理手 段，以組裝本發明之系統。另，在該N F膜手段之供水中 注入鹽酸使其pH値爲7 · 4。 使用上述河川水進行上述系統之運轉。將N F膜手段 之供水中的鈣濃度降低成1 · 3 m g / L。 因此，N F膜手段之供水之性質就變成如下：C 〇値： 1 · 3mg/L，So 値：26mg/L，A〇 値：120 mg/L as CaC〇3，pH(H)値：7.4。 對該供水，以水溫3 2 °C、運轉壓0 · 5 6 Μ P a、 回收率9 5 %之條件進行高度處理。 所得之造水量爲7 , 3 2 m 3 / d，而7 5 0小時運轉 後所得之造水量爲7 . 2 1 m 3 / d，即使是於回收率9 5 %之連續運轉並未造成降低造水量。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 又，此時式（1)之左邊値爲1 · 2x10— 6，式（ 2)之左邊値爲7 · 5 ，式（1)和式（2)是同時成立 (比較例1 ) 於實施例1系統之適用結晶法中’減少氫氧化鈉之添 加量，除了 N F膜手段之供水中的鈣濃度爲1 · 3 m g / 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210、乂 297公釐） -22- 593161 A7 B7 五、發明説明（20) L之條件外，其餘均採與實施例1相同之條件進行運轉。 其結果，運轉開始之後的造水量爲7 · 2 1 m 3 / d， 而7 5 0小時運轉後所得之造水量卻減半爲3 . 4 2 m 3/ d。即，並無法維持回收率9 5 %之運轉。 又，此時式（1 )雖成立，但式（2 )卻不成立。 (比較例2 ) 於實施例1系統之適用結晶法中，減少氫氧化鈉之添 加量，除了 N F膜手段之供水中的鈣濃度爲1 5 . 0 m g / L之條件外，其餘均採與實施例1相同之條件進行運轉 ---;-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 其結果，運轉開始之後的造水量爲7 · 4 1 m 3 / d， 而2 0 〇小時運轉後所得之造水量卻減成爲2 . 9 5 m 3 / d。即，並無法維持回收率9 5 %之運轉。 又，此時式（1 )和式（2 )均不成立。 實施例2 : 於急速混合時配置採用凝結法之軟化處理手段以組裝 成本發明之系統。另，在該N F膜手段之供水中注入鹽酸 使其p Η値爲7 · 4。 使用上述河川水進行上述系統之運轉。將N F膜手段 之供水中的鈣濃度降低成5 · 〇 m g / L。 對該供水，以水溫3 2 °C、運轉壓0 · 5 6 Μ P a、 回收率9 5 %之條件進行高度處理。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 、\吕 Γ .—I. -23- 593161 A 7 B7 五、發明説明（21) 所得之造水量爲7 · 2 5 m 3 / d，而7 5 0小時運轉 後所得之造水量爲7 . 1 2 m 3 / d，即使是於回收率9 5. %之連續運轉並未造成降低造水量。 又，於該運轉下，式（1 )和式（2 )是同時成立。 實施例3 : 於砂濾後之上層淸水中，配置採用N a型弱陽離子交 換樹脂之軟化器以組裝成本發明之系統。 使用上述河川水進行上述系統之運轉。將N F膜手段 之供水中的鈣濃度降低成1 . 〇 m g / L。 對該供水，以水溫3 2 °C、運轉壓0 . 5 6 Μ P a、 回收率9 5 %之條件進行高度處理。 所得之造水量爲7 · 1 5 m 3 / d，而7 5 0小時運轉 後所得之造水量爲7 · 0 9 m 3 / d，即使是於回收率9 5 %之連續運轉並未造成降低造水量。 又，於該運轉下，式（1)和式（2)是同時成立° 實施例4 : 以砂濾替代過濾手段除了採用U F膜（東（株）製 ，C P 2 0 - 1 0 1 0 )之條件外，其餘均採與實施例1 相同之條件進行運轉。 運轉開始之後之造水量爲7.4 51113/6’而7 5 0 小時運轉後所得之造水量爲7 · 4 1 m 3 / d，即使是於回 收率9 5 %之連續運轉並未造成降低造水量。且該系統整 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） ---一9—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -24- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 593161 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明（22) 體而言之淨水生產回收量爲8 8%。 又，於該運轉下，式（1 )和式（2 )是同時成立。 實施例5 : 於實施例4中，組裝成將U F膜之逆洗排水返送回上 述河川水之系統，並以與實施例4相同之條件進行運轉。 其結果，系統整體而言之淨水生產回收量提昇爲9 3 %，足以確認返送水之效果。 〔發明效果〕 如以上之說明，本發明之淨水製造系統，係可將N F 膜手段以9 0 %以上之高回收率進行長期性安定運轉。 因此，該淨水製造系統，不但能去除濁質成分亦可去 除農藥、低分子有機物、臭氣物質等，並以長期性高回率 製造出經高度處理過且高品質之淨水，故其工業性價値大 〔圖式之簡單說明〕 第1圖爲表示本發明之淨水製造系統的最佳例槪略圖 〇 第2圖爲表示本發明另外之淨水製造系統的例舉槪略 圖。 第3圖爲表示於本發明之淨水製造系統中配置活性碳 添加手段之槪略圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） I---------------訂------·· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -25- 593161 A 7 B7五、發明説明（23)第4圖爲表示採用N F膜手段之習知淨水製造系統槪 略圖。、 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)R 10 0 〇〇R 1 0 0 10 0. (4). (5) The consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints c obtained from formulas (3), (4), and (5), 値S, S ,, A, and 値 are the predictions of the concentration of calcium ion, sulfate ion concentration, and alkalinity of the concentrated water obtained when the NF membrane method of the above nature is used to operate the water supply with the above properties at the target recovery rate. Therefore, by substituting these 値 into C, S, and A in formula (i) and formula (2), assuming that formula (1) and formula (2) hold at the same time, it can be judged that the water purification manufacturing system of the construction object is No flakes were formed and the operation was maintained while maintaining the above-mentioned target recovery rate (R). On the other hand, when these 値 are substituted into C, S, and A in formula (1) and formula (2) respectively, if formula (1) and formula (2) cannot be established at the same time, the target recovery rate can be determined. When (R) is used to operate the water purification production system of the construction object, scale will be formed. The main reason is the concentration of boron ions in the water supply to the NF membrane means, that is, the relationship between the hardness components. Therefore, in the purified water manufacturing of the present invention, a softening treatment means is disposed on the upstream side of the NF membrane means to reduce the hardness component in the water supply of the NF membrane means. The above formula (1) and formula (2) are realized at the same time, Achieve high recovery operation of NF membrane means. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X: 297 mm) n ^ i ml 1 «nan im —ϋ ·· — —Βϋ— nm Hi · — (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this Page) Order -18- 593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1. The actual problem is limited to rapid mixing. Although the crystallization method can be implemented at any stage, if the calcium carbonate obtained is to be prevented from leaking to the downstream side, It is best to apply it before filtration, and if the calcium carbonate obtained is reused, it is best to apply it after precipitation with less turbidity. Although the ion exchange method can be implemented at any stage, it can suppress ions. From the viewpoint of the pollution of the exchange resin, it is preferably applied between the filtering means and the NF membrane means. Fig. 2 shows another water purification production system of the present invention. The water purification production system is based on the NF membrane In the system shown in Figure 1 on the premise of high recovery operation of the method, the filtering means, such as the washing and drainage obtained by backwashing the sand, is returned to the raw water through the drainage treatment means and the raw water is reused. system In the system, since the high recovery rate operation of the NF membrane method has been realized, and the raw water of the treatment object is reused at the same time, the recovery of highly treated purified water is raised as a whole. The water purification manufacturing system of the present invention is based on the first The composition shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 is the premise, so it is best to arrange activated carbon addition means to the raw water as shown in Figure 3. By adding activated carbon to the raw water, it is removed by means of coagulation and precipitation or filtration in the subsequent stage. Difficulties such as odorous substances, pesticides, and low-molecular-weight organic substances can be adsorbed and removed in advance to reduce the load on the NF membrane method. As a result, the effect of the NF membrane method can be multiplied to produce higher-quality purified water. The activated carbon adding means is composed of a water quality measuring device, a controller and an activated carbon adding device for the raw water. In this method, the water quality of the raw water is first measured by a water quality measuring device, and then the paper standard is applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X 297mm) -----— I! # —, (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page), 11 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs-20- Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (1S) The water quality data is transmitted to the controller. The controller is set in advance to communicate when the specified water quality conditions. From the water quality measuring device After entering the controller, the water quality data is compared with the water quality conditions set in advance. If the water quality data matches the water quality conditions set in advance, the controller will send an activation signal to the activated carbon addition device. The specified amount of activated carbon in the carbon adding device will be added to the raw water. In addition, the added activated carbon is removed in the subsequent stage of condensation and precipitation means or filtration means, so it is not stored in the water supply of the NF membrane means, so it is not It will hinder the high recovery operation of the NF membrane method. [Examples of the present invention] Example 1: (1) Measurement of r c, r s, and r a using the NF film means. First, river water was subjected to coagulation, sedimentation and sand filtration in order to remove turbidity components, and the upper layer water with the following properties was obtained. Co 値: 50 mg / L, So 値: 26 mg / L, A 値: 120 mg / Las CaCO3, pH (H) 値: 7.4. Next, using the NF membrane (manufactured by Tohoku Co., Ltd., SU-61〇), the above-mentioned upper water was subjected to a water temperature of 32 ° C, an operating pressure of 0.56 MPa, and a recovery rate of 25%. The membrane was separated to obtain the rc, rs, and ra of the above-mentioned water of the NF membrane. In the process of the above operation, no scale was formed in the concentrated water. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------:-: ---- ^ ----- 1T ------ 9— (please first Read the notes on the back and fill in this page) -21-593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (19) As a result, the calcium ion elimination rate rc is 6 4 · 0%, the sulfuric acid elimination rate rs is 9 9 · 8%, and the alkali Sexual exclusion rate was r. A 6 0 · 2%. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) (2) System operation The softening treatment method using crystallization method is arranged in the upper layer of water after sand filtration to assemble the system of the present invention. In addition, hydrochloric acid was injected into the water supply of the NF membrane means so as to have a pH of 7.4. The above-mentioned river water is used for the operation of the above-mentioned system. The calcium concentration in the water supply of the N F membrane method was reduced to 1.3 m g / L. Therefore, the nature of the water supply of the NF membrane means becomes as follows: C 〇: 1.3 mg / L, So 値: 26 mg / L, A 〇: 120 mg / L as CaC 03, pH (H) 値: 7.4 . This water supply was highly treated under the conditions of a water temperature of 32 ° C, an operating pressure of 0.56 MPa, and a recovery rate of 95%. The amount of water produced is 7, 3 2 m 3 / d, and the amount of water produced after 750 hours of operation is 7. 2 m 3 / d, even if continuous operation at a recovery rate of 95% does not cause a reduction Water production. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. At this time, the left side of the formula (1) is 1 · 2x10—6, the left side of the formula (2) is 7 · 5, and the formulas (1) and (2) are Simultaneously established (Comparative Example 1) In the applicable crystallization method of the system of Example 1, 'reducing the amount of sodium hydroxide added, except that the calcium concentration in the water supply by the NF membrane method is 1.3 mg / This paper size applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specifications (210, 乂 297 mm) -22- 593161 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (20) L, the rest are operated under the same conditions as in Example 1. As a result, the amount of water produced after the start of operation was 7. 2 1 m 3 / d, while the amount of water produced after 750 hours of operation was halved to 3.4 2 m 3 / d. That is, the operation with a recovery rate of 95% cannot be maintained. At this time, although expression (1) holds, expression (2) does not hold. (Comparative Example 2) In the applicable crystallization method of the system of Example 1, the addition amount of sodium hydroxide was reduced, except for the condition that the calcium concentration in the water supply of the NF membrane means was 15.0 mg / L, and the rest were collected. Operation under the same conditions as in Example 1 ----------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) The results are printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The amount of water produced was 7. 4 1 m 3 / d, but the amount of water produced after 200 hours of operation was reduced to 2.95 m 3 / d. That is, the operation with a recovery rate of 95% cannot be maintained. Moreover, at this time, neither formula (1) nor formula (2) holds. Example 2: A softening treatment method using a coagulation method is configured to assemble the system of the invention during rapid mixing. In addition, hydrochloric acid was injected into the water supply of the NF membrane means so that p Η 値 was 7.4. The above-mentioned river water is used for the operation of the above-mentioned system. The calcium concentration in the water supply of the NF membrane means was reduced to 5.0 mg / L. This water supply was highly treated under the conditions of a water temperature of 32 ° C, an operating pressure of 0.56 MPa, and a recovery rate of 95%. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm), \ Lu Γ .—I. -23- 593161 A 7 B7 V. Description of the invention (21) The amount of water produced is 7 · 2 5 m 3 / d, and the amount of water produced after 750 hours of operation was 7.12 m 3 / d, even if continuous operation at a recovery rate of 95.5% did not cause a reduction in water production. In this operation, the expressions (1) and (2) hold simultaneously. Example 3: A softener using Na-type weak cation exchange resin is arranged in the upper layer of water after sand filtration to assemble the system of the invention. The above-mentioned river water is used for the operation of the above-mentioned system. The calcium concentration in the water supply of the N F membrane means was reduced to 1.0 mg / L. This water supply was highly treated under conditions of a water temperature of 32 ° C, an operating pressure of 0.56 MPa, and a recovery rate of 95%. The amount of water produced is 7.15 m 3 / d, and the amount of water produced after 750 hours of operation is 7. 0 9 m 3 / d, even if continuous operation at a recovery rate of 95% does not cause a reduction Water production. In this operation, equations (1) and (2) are established simultaneously. Example 4: Substituting sand filtration for filtration means In addition to using UF membrane (manufactured by Tohoku Co., Ltd., CP 2 0-1 0 1 0) Except for the conditions, the rest were operated under the same conditions as in Example 1. The amount of water produced after the start of operation is 7.4 51113/6 'and the amount of water produced after 7 50 hours of operation is 7. 4 1 m 3 / d, even if continuous operation at a recovery rate of 95% did not cause a reduction in water production . And the entire paper size of the system applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) --- 9-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printing-24- Printing by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 593161 A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (22) The purified water production recovery amount is 8 8%. In this operation, the expressions (1) and (2) hold simultaneously. Example 5: In Example 4, a system for returning the backwash drainage of the U F membrane to the above-mentioned river water was assembled and operated under the same conditions as in Example 4. As a result, the system's overall purified water production recovery increased to 93%, which is sufficient to confirm the effect of return water. [Effect of the Invention] As described above, the water purification production system of the present invention can perform long-term stable operation with a high recovery rate of 90% or more of the N F membrane means. Therefore, this water purification production system can not only remove turbid components, but also pesticides, low-molecular organic substances, odorous substances, etc., and produce highly treated and high-quality purified water with long-term high-return rate. Large industrial price [Simplified description of the drawing] Fig. 1 is an outline diagram showing the best example of the water purification production system of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an outline diagram showing an example of another water purification production system of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of activated carbon adding means in the water purification production system of the present invention. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) I --------------- Order ------... (Please read the notes on the back first (Fill in this page again) -25- 593161 A 7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (23) The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram showing a conventional water purification manufacturing system using NF membrane method. , (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ297公釐） -26-、 1T Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm) -26-