經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7_ 五、發明說明（1 ) 發明背景 本發明係關於高溫電化學轉換器，諸如燃料電池，特別 係關於使用電化學轉換器之高性能能量或動力系統。 電化學轉換器，諸如燃料電池，將燃料庫產生的化學能 直接轉換爲電能。電化學能量轉換器的關鍵部件係一系列 在它的表面上配置有電極的電解質單元，及一系列配置在 電解質單元之間以提供串聯的互聯接頭。電解質單元具有 燃料與氧化電極，其電連接到對立側。每一電解質單元係 一具有低離子電阻的離子導體，以在轉換器的操作狀況 下’允許一種離子自一電極-電解質界面輸送到對互的電極 -電解質界面。各種電解質可以使用在此轉換器中。例如， 當在溫度升高（典型上爲約1 ooo°c )的狀況操作時，與諸如 氧化鎂、氧化妈或yuri a之化合物穩定共處的氧化結可以滿 足這些需求。電解質的材料使用氧離子，以承載電流。電 解質對於能夠導致轉換器短路的電子不可以具有導電性。 另一方面，互聯接頭必須是良好的電導體。反應氣體、電 極與電解質的相互作用發~生在電極-電解質界面，其要求電 極具有足夠的多孔性，以允許反應氣體進入，及准許產物 離開。電化學轉換器可以是管狀或平面狀構造。 電是由於電極與電解質的電化學反應而產生，電化學反 應是在將諸如氫的燃料引導至燃料電極上及將諸如空氣的 氧化劑引導至氧化劑電極上的時候觸發。替代地，化學轉 換器可以電解器模式操作，其中電化學轉換器消耗電與輸 入的反應劑，並產生燃料。 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) . •線- A7 五、發明說明（2 ) 當一諸如燃料電池的電仆與 1 Μ = + ^ 匕予轉換盔以燃料電池模式執杆 ==:的時候’產生廢棄的能量且必須適當處Ϊ: :::化學轉換器之適當的操作溫度，且提高動力系统 侯’當轉換器以電解器模式執行電至機料 =的時候’必須將熱提供给電解質， :::燃：？池通常使用的-料再形成過程可能需要” ί管:是重二用於適當操作與效率之電化學轉換系統的 熱管理技術可能包含電化學轉換器與其他能· 合，以努力自轉換器廢氣的廢熱揭取能量: ::美國專利5娜I?號描述電化學轉換器與觸底= (:cm_ ng devi ce)的特定組合，其自轉 由觸底裝置使用。 此里以 與傳統燃燒作用 > 沾旦g彡、 b里系、，·无_諸如绦炭或燃油發電工廠_ $ 、衣兄及政治事務對於替代能源系統的興趣正在拎 加，替代能源系統係諸如使用電化學轉換器曰 儘管顯著優於傳統能量系統，電化學轉換器仍未】:使 用。例如’與傳統的能量系統相比，諸如燃料電池的電化 器相對有效，且不產生污染。在傳統能量系、統的大 投貧導致此系統必須具備相競爭之能量系統的全部優 點、，=增加其用途。因此，電化學轉換器能量系統可以得 利於額外的發展，以使它們勝過傳統能量 化，及增加廣泛使用的可能性。 “占瑕大 傳統氣體渦輪機動力系統係已存在，且係習知。先前的 -5Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives 497285 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the Invention (1) Background of the Invention The present invention relates to high-temperature electrochemical converters, such as fuel cells, and in particular, to the use of electrochemical converters with high-performance energy or power system. Electrochemical converters, such as fuel cells, directly convert the chemical energy generated by the fuel depot into electrical energy. The key components of an electrochemical energy converter are a series of electrolyte units with electrodes disposed on its surface, and a series of electrolyte units arranged between the electrolyte units to provide a series of interconnected joints. The electrolyte unit has a fuel and an oxidation electrode, which are electrically connected to opposite sides. Each electrolyte unit is an ionic conductor with low ionic resistance to allow one ion to be transported from one electrode-electrolyte interface to the opposite electrode-electrolyte interface under the operating conditions of the converter. Various electrolytes can be used in this converter. For example, when operating at elevated temperatures (typically about 1 ooo ° C), oxidized junctions that coexist stably with compounds such as magnesium oxide, oxide or yuria may meet these needs. The material of the electrolyte uses oxygen ions to carry an electric current. Electrolytes must not be conductive to electrons that can short circuit the converter. On the other hand, the interconnect must be a good electrical conductor. The interaction between the reaction gas, the electrode, and the electrolyte occurs at the electrode-electrolyte interface, which requires the electrode to be sufficiently porous to allow the reaction gas to enter and allow the product to leave. The electrochemical converter may have a tubular or planar configuration. Electricity is generated by the electrochemical reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte. The electrochemical reaction is triggered when a fuel such as hydrogen is directed to the fuel electrode and an oxidant such as air is directed to the oxidant electrode. Alternatively, the chemical converter may be operated in an electrolyzer mode, where the electrochemical converter consumes electricity and input reactants and generates fuel. -4- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). • Line-A7 V. Invention Description (2) Fuel cell electric power and 1 μ = + ^ dagger pre-conversion helmet when operating in fuel cell mode ==: 'waste energy is generated and must be properly handled: ::: the appropriate operating temperature of the chemical converter, and Improving the power system 'when the converter performs electricity to the machine in the electrolyzer mode =' must provide heat to the electrolyte, ::: 燃:? The process commonly used in the cell-reformation process may be required. ”Tube: Thermal management technology for electrochemical conversion systems used for proper operation and efficiency may include electrochemical converters and other capabilities in an effort to self-convert Exhaust heat extraction energy of exhaust gas: :: US Patent No. 5 Na I? Describes a specific combination of electrochemical converter and bottoming = (: cm_ng devi ce), the rotation of which is used by bottoming device. Here with traditional combustion Role > Zhandan g 彡, b 里 ,, · None_such as coal or fuel oil power plants_ $, elder brother and political affairs are increasing interest in alternative energy systems, such as the use of electrochemical conversion Although the electrochemical converter is significantly better than traditional energy systems, electrochemical converters have not yet been used: For example, 'compared to traditional energy systems, electric generators such as fuel cells are relatively effective and do not cause pollution. In traditional energy systems, Due to the large investment poverty, this system must have all the advantages of a competing energy system, and increase its use. Therefore, the electrochemical converter energy system can benefit from additional development to make it Over traditional energized, and increase the likelihood of widespread use. Powertrain system "account for a large flaw existing conventional gas turbine, and the conventional system. Previous -5
本紙張尺賴财關家標^⑵〇 x 297W (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂： 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 五、發明說明（3 ) 氣體渦輪機動力系統包厶一 _ ^ i 佰機、一燃燒器、與一機# 渦機，其典型上係共繞，、 逻械 ^ ^ p，沿著相同的抽線而連接。 在傳統氣體渦輪機中，命气、彳、 、接 λα ^ ^ , 二乳追入壓縮機，且在所欲之升古 的壓力而離開。此高壓命 ^ ^ ^ 4 二虱進入燃燒器，在該處與纟钬料 反應，且加熱至所選擇的 〃 u枓 泥進入氣體渦輪機，且變哉 輪機之一缺點係，渦輪媸血荆 土孔缸渦 a鹌機典型上以較低的系統效率操作， 例如，約25%’而系統係百萬瓦特之能力。 -：於克服此問題之先前技藝方法是使用一復熱器，以 =:…、此口收的熱是用於將進入燃燒器以前的空氣流進 二’、、f 土上，彳又熱奋使氣體渦輪機的系統效率改善 約3 0 %。此解決方案之_雜 ° 缺”，、έ k，復熱器典型上較昂音， 因而大爲增加動力系統的總成本。 〃 所使用之另一先前枯获古、、土 σ 、，土. . ^ 疋⑴莜盛万法疋以較高壓力與較高溫度操 作系統，以增加系統效率。然而，當系統負擔高溫與高壓 機械那件有關的〜成本時，系統效率的實際增加微不足道。 於疋，此技#需要高性能動力系統。特別地，一種能夠 控，或調節系統之一操作參數之改良氣體滿輪機動力系統 將是工業界（一大進步。更特別地，一種整合式電化學轉 換器與氣體渦輪機系統-其控制系統操作、減少提供界面熱 處理系統有關的成本，並顯著改進組合系統的總操作性-也 將代表工業界之一大進步。 發明概述 本發明藉由提供方法及裝置，其用於控制一複合動力系 -6> 私紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） C請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁οThis paper ruler is based on the wealth management standard ^ ⑵〇x 297W (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order: Printed by the Employees 'Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Ministry of Economics and Intellectual Property Bureau 497285 Explanation (3) The gas turbine power system includes a _ ^ i Baiji, a burner, and a machine # vortex machine, which are typically co-winding, logic ^ ^ p, connected along the same drawing line . In traditional gas turbines, life gas, gas, and λα ^ ^, the second milk is chased into the compressor, and leaves at the desired pressure. This high-pressure life ^ ^ ^ 4 The second louse enters the burner, reacts with the feedstock there, and heats it to the selected sludge. The sludge enters the gas turbine, and one of the shortcomings of the turbine is the turbine. The hole-cylinder vortex aqua machine is typically operated at a lower system efficiency, for example, about 25% 'and the system is capable of millions of watts. -: A prior art method to overcome this problem is to use a reheater, with =: ..., the heat received by this mouth is used to flow the air before entering the burner into the soil, and the heat is hot It strives to improve the system efficiency of gas turbines by about 30%. The lack of this solution ”,“ k ”, the reheater is typically louder, which greatly increases the total cost of the power system. 另一 Another previously used ancient, ancient soil, soil σ, soil .. ^ Sheng Wanfa operates the system with higher pressure and higher temperature to increase system efficiency. However, when the system bears high-temperature and high-pressure machinery-related costs, the actual increase in system efficiency is negligible. Yu, this technology # requires a high-performance power system. In particular, an improved gas full-turbine power system that can control or adjust one of the operating parameters of the system will be an industry (a major advance. More specifically, an integrated electrification A converter and a gas turbine system-its control system operation, reducing the costs associated with providing an interface heat treatment system, and significantly improving the overall operability of the combined system-will also represent a major advance in the industry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method by And device, which is used to control a composite powertrain-6 > Private paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) C Please read the back first Note to fill out this page ο
A7 A7 五、 發明說明（4 有效地操作系統，而達成前述及其他 氣t-二 =='諸如燃料電池的電化學轉換器與諸如 m機總成的共生或觸底裝置組合，以形成複合動力 '手H化學轉換器與觸底裝$形成— 於將燃料轉換爲有用的電、機械或埶炉 合的壯菩6入γ ή η及·，，、他。可與燃料電池组 引動Γ、= 3:Γ蒸汽滿輪機、熱流體銷爐與熱 系二…後…通常附設於加熱通氣與冷卻(HVAC) 复Γ:力系統"體調節裳置調節或控制-== 流。於是，流體調節裝置使系統能 =:料電池及/或氣體觀總成的動力輸出或溫度， 及渦輪機的速率。 '二據—特色，本發明的複合動力系統使用-或更多旁通 以選擇的方式在系統中傳送—或更多流體。例 。。使用-流體凋郎兀件與流體導管，以旁通一熱交換 二=學轉換器系統(或系統之—構成部件)及-氣體 成（或總成之_構成部件）。藉由以所選擇的方式 :更多流體調節裝置，系統可以控制電化學轉換器 '、、、、充或氣骨豆滿輪機總成的動力輸出。 :據另#色’本發明的電化學轉換器系統可以使用一 …垃制堆武與一燃料電池，二者皆安裝在一壓力容器内。 ^控制堆疊可以依據系統需求，如同熱源或散熱器而操 _例如，於起動操作的時候，熱控制堆疊可以藉由產生 輸送到燃料電池㈣，以如同熱源而操作，以便將燃料電 x 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) J\l •線' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（5 ) 池加熱。在穩足狀態操作期間，熱控制堆疊可以藉由自燃 料電池移除熱以如同散熱器而操作，或藉由提供熱至燃料 電池以如同熱源而操作。熱控制堆疊可以係任何適當的形 狀0 依據本發明 < 複合動力系統的又一特色，其使用多數熱 父換斋與泥體導管設計，以調節電化學轉換器系統的廢氣 溫度。例如’设合動力系統使用一流體調節裝置，其藉由 選擇性混合低溫蜃縮機的廢氣及電化學轉換器系統的高溫廢氣’以调即氣體滿輪機總成的驅動氣體溫度。不同溫度 流體之此混合可調節驅動氣體的溫度，於是控制總成的動 力輸出。 依據再特色’複合動力系統選擇性混合不同溫度的流 體’以控㈣乳體滿輪機總成及/或電化學轉換器系統的動力 輸出。圖式簡單説明 自下列說明與附圖，可明白本發明的前述及其他目的、 特性與優點’附圖中相同的符號指示不同視圖之相同零 件。圖續不本發明的原則，且未照比例而顯示相關的尺 寸。 圖1係依據本發明之敎誨的複合動力系統一實施例示意方 塊圖’其使用複數流體調節元件，以調節系統之一操作參 數。 圖2係圖1之複合系統的組合動力效率。 圖j係多軸氣體渦輪機總成示意圖，其可使用於圖1的複 -8- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i,A7 A7 V. Description of the invention (4 Effectively operate the system to achieve the foregoing and other gas t-II == 'Combination of electrochemical converters such as fuel cells with symbiotic or bottoming devices such as m machine assembly to form a composite The power of the hand H chemical converter and the bottom-loading device are formed to convert fuel into useful electricity, machinery, or ovens. 入 η η and · ,,, and other. Can be driven with the fuel cell stack Γ , = 3: Γ steam full-turbine, hot fluid pin furnace, and thermal system II ... After ... Usually attached to the heating ventilation and cooling (HVAC) complex Γ: force system " body regulation clothes to adjust or control-== flow. So The fluid regulating device enables the system to =: the power output or temperature of the battery and / or the gas viewing assembly, and the speed of the turbine. 'Second according to the characteristics, the composite power system of the present invention uses-or more bypass to choose Or more fluids in the system by way of example. For example, the use of -fluid withstanding elements and fluid conduits, by-passing a heat exchange two = learning converter system (or system components) and- (Or components of the assembly). By choosing the way: With more fluid regulating devices, the system can control the power output of the electrochemical converter's, full, or gas turbine bean full turbine assembly .: According to another # 色 ', the electrochemical converter system of the present invention can use a ... The reactor stack and a fuel cell are both installed in a pressure vessel. ^ The control stack can be operated according to the system requirements, such as a heat source or a radiator. Go to the fuel cell and operate as a heat source, so that the fuel power x 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) J \ l • Line 'Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Consumption Cooperative 497285 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (5) Pool heating. During steady state operation, the thermally controlled stack can operate as a radiator by removing heat from a fuel cell, or as a heat source by providing heat to a fuel cell. The thermally controlled stack can be of any suitable shape. According to another feature of the present invention < compound power system, it uses most of the heat exchanger design and mud duct design to regulate the exhaust gas temperature of the electrochemical converter system. For example, the 'synthetic power system uses a fluid regulating device which selectively adjusts the temperature of the driving gas of the gas-filled turbine assembly by selectively mixing the exhaust gas of the low-temperature shrinking machine and the high-temperature exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system'. This mixing of fluids of different temperatures can adjust the temperature of the driving gas, and thus control the power output of the assembly. Selectively mix fluids of different temperatures according to the further feature 'composite power system' to control the power output of the milky full turbine assembly and / or the electrochemical converter system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be understood from the following description and drawings. The same symbols in the drawings indicate the same parts in different views. The drawings are not based on the principles of the present invention, and related dimensions are not shown to scale. Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a hybrid power system according to the invention, which uses a plurality of fluid regulating elements to regulate one of the operating parameters of the system. FIG. 2 is the combined power efficiency of the composite system of FIG. 1. Figure j is a schematic diagram of a multi-axis gas turbine assembly, which can be used in the copy of Figure 1-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) i,
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 297公釐） ^/285This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇 297 mm) ^ / 285
五、發明說明（6 合動力系統。 、圖4係一壓力容器的部分切開平視圖，其圍繞依據本發明 〈圖1的複合動力系統之電化學轉換器系統。 圖5係一電化學韓拖哭系这士 $ 、吳系、，无之黾池單元一實施例透視圖， 、通用於本發明之複合動力系統之電化學轉換器系統。 、圖6係本發明之電化學轉換器電池單元之—替代實施例透 視圖。 圖7係圖5之電池單元剖視圖。 =係圖r熱控制堆施例剖視圖，其使用多孔性 '、·。構，以調節-依據本發明之敎誇的燃料電池的溫度。 圖9係圖1之熱控制堆疊另一會 1另貝他例剖視圖，其使用板型 結構，以調"據本發明之敎誨的燃料電池的溫度。 圖顧依據本"之圖^電化學轉換器i统熱 再一實施例剖視圖。 1 圖11係圖10之實施例的剖開側視圖。 圖12係圖1的複合動力系統-替代實施例示意方塊圖，立 用於調節。進入依據，發明之敎謀的竭輪機膨脹器以前之電 化學轉換奋系統廢氣的溫度。 圖13係圖:？、的複合動力系統一替代實施例示意方塊 圖，其用於_節依據本發明之敎誇 氣的溫度。 h化學轉換器系統廢 圖Η係圖卜u及13的複合動力系統—替代實_示意方 塊圖’其用於#1郎依據本於明 > 私吃 廢氣的溫度。㈣電化學轉換器系統 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 χ 297公爱 f靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .V. Description of the invention (6 Power System.) Figure 4 is a partial cut-away plan view of a pressure vessel, which surrounds the electrochemical converter system of the composite power system according to the present invention (Figure 1). Figure 5 is an electrochemical Hanto Cry is a perspective view of an embodiment of the Wu, Wu, and Wuzhihuan units, and the electrochemical converter system commonly used in the composite power system of the present invention. Figure 6 is the electrochemical converter battery unit of the present invention -A perspective view of an alternative embodiment. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the battery cell of Fig. 5. = is a sectional view of an embodiment of a thermal control reactor, which uses a porous', ... structure to regulate-the exaggerated fuel according to the present invention. Battery temperature. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of another example of the thermal control stack of Fig. 1, which uses a plate structure to adjust the temperature of the fuel cell according to the invention. Figure ^ A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the electrochemical converter system. 1 FIG. 11 is a cut-away side view of the embodiment of FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of the hybrid power system of FIG. Used to adjust. Enter the basis and invent The temperature of the exhaust gas before the electrochemical conversion system of the exhaust turbine expander is plotted. Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the hybrid power system, which is used in the section of exaggerated gas according to the present invention. Temperature. The waste map of the chemical converter system is a composite power system of Figures u and 13-an alternative real _ schematic block diagram 'It is used for # 1 Lang according to the original Yu Ming> temperature of private gas consumption. ㈣ electrochemical conversion The paper size of this device is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297). Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.
經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 A7 五、發明說明（7 ) 圖丨5係複合動力系統一替、 調節進入依據本發明之…列…塊圖，其用於 輪機總成的壓縮機廢Γ:度撕膨服器以前之編 調&依據本於t力系說一替代實施例示意方塊圖，其用於 流動與溫度…敎講的電化學轉換器系統之輸入反應劑 圖17係複合動力系一余 獨立調節依據本發明之敎；例…塊圖，其用於 £士皿度及引導至滿輪膨脹機之廢氣溫度。 殼圖：!：f體漏輪機總成示意方塊圖，其使用貫穿-外 成/、.為源泥體連通之流體導管，外埶沔谪用私太恭 明的複合動力系统。 月…外热源通用於本發 圖1 9係依據本發明 | 旬“"m 教的電化學轉換器系統所附設的 ^拉$及燃料電池之 配置的…生^、圖。 本發明的複合看力七& 冰 作來數㈣彳/ 調整或控”統之一操 / 口 ，堵如氣體渦輪機總成的動力輸出，i维括 氧體渦輪機與煥料兩％系 出並、准持 、·為池系統部件二者之適當操作溫度。 、不一正欠合式複合動力系統70之一實施例，並 依據本發明之_雷與 _ 八附λ有 74。統—氣體竭輪機總成 渦輪機總成74包含一壓縮機76、一渦於 與一於雷施8 η人、 苹阳％脹機7 8 機76、i接列、，王邵皆由轴82連接在一起。輪82能將壓縮 ，、接到渦輪膨脹機78之串聯共線的航空衍。 電機8〇由任何適當㈣合器連接剌輪膨脹機78 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂--Printed A7 by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (7) Figure 5: The 5 series composite power system is replaced and adjusted into the block diagram according to the present invention. It is used for the compressor waste of turbine assembly Γ: The previous compilation of the degree of tear expansion device & a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment based on the t-force system, which is used for flow and temperature ... the input reactants of the electrochemical converter system The composite powertrain has more than one independent adjustment according to the invention; for example ... block diagram, which is used for the degree of exhaust gas and the exhaust gas temperature guided to the full-wheel expander. Shell diagram:!: A schematic block diagram of the f-body leak turbine assembly, which uses a through-outer //. Fluid conduit that is connected to the source mud, and the external power system uses a private power system. The external heat source is commonly used in the present invention. Figure 19 is based on the present invention. The "electron converter" attached to the electrochemical converter system and the configuration of the fuel cell ... Figures and diagrams of the invention. Kaniki Seven & Bing Zuo to count / adjust or control "one of the operations / mouth, blocking the power output of the gas turbine assembly, i-dimensional oxygen turbine and the two percent of the Huan material out , Is the proper operating temperature for both the system components of the pool. An embodiment of the non-uniform positive-negative composite power system 70 and 74 according to the present invention. System—gas exhaust turbine assembly. Turbine assembly 74 includes a compressor 76, a vortex and a Yulei Shi 8 η person, a Pingyang expansion machine 7 8 machine 76, i, and Wang Shao are all composed of shaft 82. connected together. The wheel 82 is capable of compressing and connecting the tandem collinear aviation expander of the turbo expander 78. The motor 80 is connected to the wheel expander 78 by any appropriate coupler (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page).
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 10- 497285 五、發明說明（8 輪機總成7 4典型上以化石燃料彳品 昂貴而乾淨地產生電。雖然氣：：車父佳爲天然氣，且不 裝於軸82上的壓縮機76、漏幸=機總成7愤示循序安 ^ %脹機78盥於雷嬙 可以依其他順序。例如，發電 /、“機80，但也 渦輪膨脹機78之間。 乂配置在壓縮機76與 如此處所使用者’ Ί司「袁蹲 ^ I ^ R T ^ ^ # 、岐渦軏機」與「氣體渦輪機蝓 成」思圖涵盖全部動力大小、形狀 触、 包含至少在每分鐘50, 〇〇〇轉@ ^ …、軋組渦輪機， _ 、 〜而通常在每分鐘約70 〇〇〇 $ 9 0，0 〇 〇轉之間操作的微渦輪趟 ’ 加州塔沙那的頂石渦輪機公 λ π知機Α司或自加州托 公司獲得。 外口 ^ 來自-空氣源的空氣84經由任何適當的流體導 至壓縮機76:它在該處壓縮及加熱，然後自彼排放。 後，加熱、壓縮及加壓的空氣86可以在引導至滿輪膨脹 78以前，引導至一熱交換器88， :加熱的空氣，沿著流體導管90引㈣交：，8: 4處，它可在一復熱或一逆流系統中，由離開渦輪膨脹 7 8的渦輪機廢氣進一步加熱。 替代地，一邵分或全部加熱、壓縮空氣86可沿著流體」 官92引導至渦輪膨脹機78的輸入。一流體調節裝置料可產 置在導管92中，以調節或調整引導至渦輪膨脹機乃的輸； 之加熱壓縮空氣86數量。 ， 如此處所使用者，術語「熱交換器」或「熱交換元件」 意圖包含任何結構，其設計成或適於在二或更多流體之間 ____ —__ -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格⑵〇 x 297公爱1 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明（9 ) 交換熱。用於本發明之適當型式的熱交換器之例包含復熱 器架L論是安裝於氣體渦輪機總成74内部或其外部者、輻射 式熱交換器、逆流式熱交換器及再生式熱交換器。 如此處所使用者，術語「流體調節裝置」意圖包含任何 結構，其適於或設計成用於調節、控制、調整或監視沿著 一流體通路之流體的通道。適當型式的流體調節裝置之例 包含膜片、轉動球、風箱及複數不同型式的閥，包含二通〜 或三通閥。此後，爲了簡便起見，當描述流體調節裝置的 功能時，將使用術語「調節」。 如前述，一部分或全部加熱、壓縮空氣8 6可沿著流體導 管9 0引導至熱交換器8 8。一流體調節元件9 6插入流體導管 90中，以調節引導至熱交換器的空氣數量。流體調節元件 96可以操作，以致於調節引導至熱交換器的空氣數量，且 可用於允許某些或全部通過流體導管90的空氣，沿著旁通 導管98旁通於熱交換器88。沿著旁通導管98通過的空氣並 非由離開渦輪膨脹機78的渦輪機廢氣加熱，因此，在系統 7 0之此接合處未進一步加熱。 離開熱交換器88或離開旁通流體導管98的空氣可以進一 步引導至電化學轉換器系統72，或可與電化學轉換器系統 72的廢氣混合。依據一實行方式，所繪示的電化學轉換器 系統72包含安裝於一壓力容器1 20中的燃料電池1 12與一熱 控制堆疊1 1 6。所繪示的燃料電池1 12可爲任何所選擇的燃 料電池，包含一熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池、磷酸燃料電池、鹹 性燃料電池與質子交換薄膜燃料電池，且較佳爲固體氧化 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 10- 497285 V. Invention Description (8 Turbine Assembly 7 4 Typically, expensive and clean electricity is produced with fossil fuel counterfeits. Although gas: Che Fujia is natural gas, and does not Compressor 76 mounted on shaft 82, leaks = machine assembly 7 shows orderly safety ^% expansion machine 78 can be used in other ways. For example, power generation / "machine 80, but also turbo expander 78乂 It is arranged between compressor 76 and the user as shown here. Ί Secretary "Yuan Shou ^ I ^ RT ^ ^ #, Qi Vortex Machine" and "Gas Turbine Formation". The plan covers all power, shape, Contains at least 50,000 rpm @ ^, rolling mill turbines, _, ~ and microturbine trips that typically operate between approximately 70,000 $ 90,000 rpm 'California Tower The top stone turbines of Shana λ π know machine A or obtained from the California company. Outer port ^ Air from the air source 84 is directed to the compressor 76 via any suitable fluid: it is compressed and heated there, then Since then, the heated, compressed and pressurized air 86 can Guided to full-wheel expansion 78, guided to a heat exchanger 88: heated air is introduced along the fluid conduit 90: at 8: 4, it can be left in a reheating or a countercurrent system by The turbine exhaust gas of the turbine expansion 7 8 is further heated. Alternatively, one or all of the heated, compressed air 86 may be guided along the fluid 92 to the input of the turbo expander 78. A fluid regulating device may be produced in the conduit 92 The amount of heated compressed air 86 is adjusted or adjusted to guide the output of the turboexpander. As used herein, the term "heat exchanger" or "heat exchange element" is intended to include any structure that is designed or adapted Between two or more fluids ____ —__ -11-This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications ⑵〇x 297 Public Love 1 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7 B7_ V. Description of the invention (9) Heat exchange. Examples of suitable types of heat exchangers used in the present invention include reheater racks. The theory is that the heat exchanger is installed inside or outside the gas turbine assembly 74, a radiant heat exchanger, and a counter-current type. Exchangers and regenerative heat exchangers. As used herein, the term "fluid regulating device" is intended to include any structure suitable or designed for regulating, controlling, regulating, or monitoring the passage of fluids along a fluid pathway. Examples of a suitable type of fluid regulating device include a diaphragm, a rotary ball, a bellows, and a plurality of different types of valves, including two-way or three-way valves. Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, when describing the function of a fluid regulating device, The term "regulation" is used. As mentioned above, some or all of the heated, compressed air 86 can be directed along the fluid conduit 90 to the heat exchanger 88. A fluid regulating element 96 is inserted into the fluid conduit 90 to regulate the guidance to the heat The amount of air in the exchanger. The fluid regulating element 96 is operable to regulate the amount of air directed to the heat exchanger, and may be used to allow some or all of the air passing through the fluid conduit 90 to bypass the heat exchanger 88 along the bypass conduit 98. The air passing along the bypass duct 98 is not heated by the turbine exhaust gas leaving the turboexpander 78, so no further heating is made at this junction of the system 70. The air leaving the heat exchanger 88 or leaving the bypass fluid conduit 98 may be further directed to the electrochemical converter system 72 or may be mixed with the exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system 72. According to one implementation, the illustrated electrochemical converter system 72 includes a fuel cell 12 and a thermal control stack 1 16 installed in a pressure vessel 120. The illustrated fuel cell 112 can be any selected fuel cell, including a molten carbonate fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a salty fuel cell, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and is preferably a solid oxidation-12 Paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)-Packing
497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（ 物燃料電池。燃料電池的操作溫度較佳爲在約2〇。〇與約 1 500°C之間。所繪示的熱控制堆疊丨16可以包含任何與燃料 電池交界的適當結構，以單獨或與其他溫度調節結構一起 控制、調整或調節燃料電池的溫度。壓力容器12〇可爲任何 適當的壓力容器，其具有適當尺寸與大小，以容納燃料電 池112及熱控制堆疊116，並且充當流體收集容器，以收集 燃料電池112及/或熱控制堆疊116的廢氣。 參考圖1，流體調節元件100可用於調節引導至燃料電池 112之空氣數量。因此，流體調節裝置1〇〇可用於調節、調 整或控制通過燃料電池丨12之空氣數量。藉由調節通過燃料 電池足加熱立氣的數量，系統可以依據系統或使用者的需 求，調節其動力輸出。 一配置在熱交換器88與電化學轉換器系統72之間之額外 流體調節元件104可用於將某些或全部通過導管1〇7的空氣 引導至熱控制堆疊116。因此，流體調節元件1〇〇與1〇4可操 作，以依據系統需要，使燃料電池丨12與熱控制堆疊丨丨6的 之間的空氣分散。於電化學轉換器系統72的起動操作時， 及在持續使用系統期間，此配置特別係所欲者。系統可又 使用配置在流體調節元件1〇4與1〇〇之間的流體調節元件 109，以調節通過導管98的空氣_其傳送至導管1〇7，因而傳 迗至燃料電池112-之數量。專精於此技藝的人易於了解， 熱控制堆疊116可在系統起動時如同加熱裝置而操作，且可 在系統持續使用期間如同冷卻裝置或散熱器而操作。燃料 電池112及/或壓力容器12〇可使用動力導線126，其將電化 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格⑵Q χ 297公- (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁} =°497285 Printed A7 by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of Invention (Fuel Cells. The operating temperature of the fuel cell is preferably between about 20.0 ° and about 1 500 ° C. The thermal control shown The stack 16 may include any suitable structure that interfaces with the fuel cell to control, adjust, or regulate the temperature of the fuel cell alone or in conjunction with other temperature regulating structures. The pressure vessel 120 may be any suitable pressure vessel having a suitable size and It is sized to accommodate the fuel cell 112 and the thermal control stack 116, and serves as a fluid collection container to collect exhaust gas from the fuel cell 112 and / or the thermal control stack 116. Referring to FIG. 1, the fluid regulating element 100 may be used to regulate and guide the fuel cell 112. The amount of air. Therefore, the fluid regulating device 100 can be used to adjust, adjust or control the amount of air passing through the fuel cell 12. By adjusting the amount of heating air through the fuel cell foot, the system can be based on the needs of the system or the user To adjust its power output. An additional arrangement between the heat exchanger 88 and the electrochemical converter system 72 The body conditioning element 104 may be used to direct some or all of the air passing through the duct 107 to the thermal control stack 116. Therefore, the fluid conditioning elements 100 and 104 are operable to enable the fuel cell according to the needs of the system 12 Dispersion of air between the thermal control stack 6 and 6. This configuration is particularly desirable during the start-up operation of the electrochemical converter system 72 and during continuous use of the system. The system may be configured with a fluid regulating element A fluid regulating element 109 between 104 and 100 to regulate the amount of air passing through the duct 98—which is transmitted to the duct 107—and thus to the fuel cell 112-. It is easy for those skilled in the art It is understood that the thermal control stack 116 may operate as a heating device when the system is started and may operate as a cooling device or radiator during continuous system use. The fuel cell 112 and / or the pressure vessel 120 may use a power lead 126, which Dianhua-13- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ⑵Q χ 297 male-(Please read the note on the back? Matters before filling out this page} = °
497285 五、發明說明（11 學轉換器系統72產生的直流電與_反相器i25鶴合 ⑵可將電化學轉換器系統72產生的直流電轉換爲交流電： 然後傳达至-動力栅極、動力儲存裝置或動力消耗裝置。 反相器可與控制器14G連m统7〇能根據反相器輸出， 調節一或更多部件。 …I制堆宜116與燃料電池112熱連通，且也配置成爲接 收燃料與空氣二者。熱控制堆疊可藉由在有空氣時燃燒燃 料，產生熱，以預熱燃料電池丨丨2，而充當加熱元件或來 源。此操作持續，以維持適當的操作溫度，典型上爲^ 〇⑼ C，使燃料電池丨12繼續消耗燃料與空氣，以使這些反應劑 電化學反應，以產生電。一旦燃料電池到達它所欲的操作 溫度’則供應到熱控制堆疊的燃料可以減少或停止，而空 氣可繼續通過彼，以幫助自燃料電池112移除熱。在此配置 中’於操作期間，熱控制堆疊充當冷卻元件或散熱器，以 自燃料電池移除廢熱。 所清示的複合動力系統7〇也提供裝置，用於經由導管85 供應燃料至燃料電池丨丨2，它在該處與典型上爲空氣的含氧 氣體起電化學作用，以產生電、廢熱及高溫廢棄氣體。燃 料可以由諸如重整器132之任何適當的重整裝置重整，以產 生較純的燃料庫。雖然所繪示的是配置在電化學轉換器系 統72外部者，但重整器1 32也可形成轉換器系統72的一部 分。多數不同型式的重整裝置係本發明所考慮者，而一特 別適當的重整器揭示於蘇先生的美國專利5, 858, 3 14號，其 内容附於此供參考。所繪示的系統70也可以使用一第二壓 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） « l·---------.^^裝---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 五、發明說明（12 ) 縮機134，以在引導至燃料電池 二& ★ 12以雨將燃料壓缩及加 熱。所繪示的重整裝置132與壓續 痊旧 娀1 4係本發明之選擇性 特性。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 動力系統7〇可使用一或更多愀把0日 X文夕燃枓閥，諸如燃料 9 1，以控制、凋整或調節傳送到概 ， /、 吁k q燃枓電池及/或熱 116的燃料數ϊ。燃料閥可與控制哭 且 14ϋ連通，以控制閥的 操作。特別地，控制器可以調節 + θ 1等至燃枓電池與埶控制 堆疊的燃料數1*，以調節每一哲罢、 母衣置又一輸出參數。依壚一 實行方式，控制器140可以控制妷料 j U枓閥的操作，以根據反相 器125的輸出，碉節引導至電化學 私儿予得換备系統72的愀料數 量。特別地，控制器可以根據贼料今 輙α村電池所產生的動力，調 節燃料電池的動力輸出或哉栌制始 …、L制堆豐所產生或接收的熱 能。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 所繪示的複合動力系統70也使用_流體調節裝置⑽，直 搞合於流體導管1〇7與電化學轉換器系統排氣導管ΐ24ς 間。通過排氣導管124之電化學轉換器系統廢氣最後引導至 氣體渦輪機總成74。除了電化學轉換器系統72產生的動力 以外，氣體淌輪機總成74也藉由充當觸底循環，將電化學 轉換器系統72產生的廢氣與廢熱轉換爲有用的電力，而產 生動力，於是增加複合動力系統7〇的總效率。血型上，自 電化學轉換器系統72排出的廢氣係在約i，_。〇的範圍。此 溫度的廢氣在引導至氣體渦輪機總成74以前，可能需要進 -步加熱。在這些應用中’―第二加熱結冑，諸如額外的 燃燒器，可以插入電化學轉換器系統72與氣體源輪機總成 -15-297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明（13 ) 74之間，以提供額外的熱至廢氣，俾使廢氣更符合氣體渦 輪機總成的操作狀況。在其他應用中，自電化學轉換器系 統排出的廢氣也密切匹配氣體渦輪機總成74，因此，廢氣 不需要額外加熱。在其他應用中，電化學轉換器系統72的 廢氣溫度可能高於所欲的位準。例如，特別是在使用較小 的渦輪機單元之氣體渦輪機總成中，輸入驅動氣體之溫度 通常在約800至900°C之間的範圍。因此，離開電化學轉換 、 器系統的1,000°C廢氣溫度不符合氣體渦輪機總成的輸入溫 -度範圍。因此，所欲者爲，在操作期間，調整、控制或調 節電化學轉換器系統72的廢氣溫度，以匹配氣體渦輪機總 成74的操作需求。 依據一實行方式，流體調節裝置108可由控制器140控 制，以允許某些或全部在導管107中的空氣旁通於電化學轉 換器系統72，因此與通過排氣導管124的廢氣混合。通過流 體調節裝置108的空氣比收集在排氣導管124中且通過的廢 氣更冷。因此，流體調節裝置108藉由使廢氣與離開熱交換 器88之一選擇數量的較冷流體在彼混合，而可調節廢氣溫 度，以致於它符合氣體渦輪機總成74的操作需求。於是， 通過導管107之加熱、加壓的空氣可以轉向及再引導至廢 氣，以產生較低溫度的廢氣，以隨後引導至渦輪膨脹機 78。此配置之一顯著的優點係，其爲相當良好且機械結構 不複雜的解決方案，以調整或調節電化學轉換器系統72的 廢氣溫度。存在其他的技術，以用於控制或調整電化學轉 換器系統72的廢氣溫度，稍後將更詳細説明。 -16 _ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·497285 V. Description of the invention (11. The DC power generated by the converter system 72 and the _inverter i25 crane can be used to convert the DC power generated by the electrochemical converter system 72 to AC power: then it is transmitted to the power grid and power reserve. Device or power consuming device. The inverter can be connected to the controller 14G. The inverter can adjust one or more components according to the inverter output.… The reactor 116 of I system is in thermal communication with the fuel cell 112 and is also configured as Receives both fuel and air. The thermally controlled stack can act as a heating element or source by burning fuel in the presence of air to generate heat to preheat the fuel cell. This operation continues to maintain the proper operating temperature, It is typically ^ 〇⑼ C, so that the fuel cell 12 continues to consume fuel and air, so that these reactants electrochemically react to generate electricity. Once the fuel cell reaches its desired operating temperature ', it is supplied to the thermal control stack Fuel can be reduced or stopped while air can continue to pass through to help remove heat from the fuel cell 112. In this configuration, 'during operation, the thermal control stack acts as a cooling element or Heater to remove waste heat from the fuel cell. The illustrated hybrid power system 70 also provides a means for supplying fuel to the fuel cell via a conduit 85, where it is similar to the oxygen containing air, which is typically air The gas acts electrochemically to produce electricity, waste heat, and high-temperature waste gas. The fuel can be reformed by any suitable reformer, such as reformer 132, to produce a purer fuel bank. Although shown is configured in the The electrochemical converter system 72 is external, but the reformers 132 can also form part of the converter system 72. Most different types of reformers are contemplated by the present invention, and a particularly suitable reformer is disclosed in Soviet Union Mr. U.S. Patent No. 5,858,3 No. 14 is hereby incorporated by reference. The system 70 shown can also be used with a second pressure of -14- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) «l · ---------. ^^ equipment ---- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7 V. Description of Invention (12) Shrinking machine 134 To the fuel cell II & ★ 12 compresses and heats the fuel with rain. The reformer 132 and the pressurized recovery unit 1 shown are the selective characteristics of the present invention. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling (This page) The power system 70 can use one or more valves to transmit the 0-day X Wenxi ignition valve, such as fuel 91, to control, trim or adjust the transmission to the battery, /, call on the qq battery and / or The fuel number of the hot 116 is ϊ. The fuel valve can communicate with the control and 14ϋ to control the operation of the valve. In particular, the controller can adjust + θ 1 to wait until the fuel number of the fuel cell and the 埶 control stack is 1 * to adjust For each philosophy, the mother garment sets another output parameter. According to the implementation method, the controller 140 can control the operation of the fuel valve U, so as to guide the volume of the fuel to the electrochemical private replacement system 72 according to the output of the inverter 125. In particular, the controller can adjust the power output of the fuel cell or the start-up of the fuel cell based on the power generated by the thief village battery, and the heat energy generated or received by the L-type reactor. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The composite power system 70 shown also uses the _fluid regulating device 调节, which fits between the fluid conduit 107 and the electrochemical converter system exhaust conduit ς24. The exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system through the exhaust conduit 124 is finally directed to the gas turbine assembly 74. In addition to the power generated by the electrochemical converter system 72, the gas turbine assembly 74 also acts as a bottoming cycle to convert the exhaust gas and waste heat generated by the electrochemical converter system 72 into useful electricity, thereby generating power, which increases The overall efficiency of the hybrid system 70. In blood type, the exhaust gas discharged from the electrochemical converter system 72 is about i, _. 〇's range. Exhaust gas at this temperature may require further heating before being directed to the gas turbine assembly 74. In these applications-the second heating knot, such as an additional burner, can be inserted into the electrochemical converter system 72 and the gas source turbine assembly-15-297 mm) Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 497285 A7 B7_ 5. Description of the invention (13) 74 to provide additional heat to the exhaust gas, so that the exhaust gas is more in line with the operating conditions of the gas turbine assembly. In other applications, the exhaust from the electrochemical converter system also closely matches the gas turbine assembly 74, so the exhaust does not require additional heating. In other applications, the exhaust temperature of the electrochemical converter system 72 may be higher than desired. For example, particularly in gas turbine assemblies that use smaller turbine units, the temperature of the input drive gas typically ranges between about 800 and 900 ° C. Therefore, the temperature of 1,000 ° C exhaust gas leaving the electrochemical converter system does not meet the input temperature-degree range of the gas turbine assembly. Therefore, the desire is to adjust, control, or adjust the exhaust gas temperature of the electrochemical converter system 72 during operation to match the operational requirements of the gas turbine assembly 74. According to one implementation, the fluid regulating device 108 may be controlled by the controller 140 to allow some or all of the air in the conduit 107 to bypass the electrochemical converter system 72 and thus mix with the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust conduit 124. The air passing through the fluid regulating device 108 is cooler than the exhaust gas collected in the exhaust duct 124 and passing through. Therefore, the fluid regulating device 108 can regulate the temperature of the exhaust gas by mixing the exhaust gas with a selected amount of cooler fluid leaving one of the heat exchangers 88 so that it meets the operational requirements of the gas turbine assembly 74. Thus, the heated, pressurized air through the conduit 107 can be diverted and redirected to the exhaust gas to produce a lower temperature exhaust gas, which is then directed to the turboexpander 78. One of the significant advantages of this configuration is that it is a fairly good and uncomplicated mechanical structure solution to adjust or regulate the exhaust gas temperature of the electrochemical converter system 72. There are other techniques for controlling or adjusting the exhaust gas temperature of the electrochemical converter system 72, which will be described in more detail later. -16 _ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ·
497285 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明（14 ) 如上述，輸入到複合動力系統7 0者係一含氧氣體與一燃 料，含氧氣體典型上爲空氣，燃料典型上爲天然氣，且主 要由甲烷組成。因此，空氣與燃料充當反應劑，用於電化 學轉換器系統72。輸入的氧化反應劑係用於將燃料電池112 中的燃料氧化，其由壓縮機76與134壓縮及加熱。然後，壓 縮及加熱、加壓的空氣86在熱交換器88中由離開渦輪膨脹 機7 8的渦輪機廢氣加熱。雖然含氧氣體典型上爲空氣，但 它可爲其他含氧流體，諸如部分消耗氧的空氣，或富有氧 的空氣。空氣與燃料反應劑由燃料電池112消耗，其則產生 電及由壓力容器120捕捉的廢氣。 熱控制堆疊116產生廢氣，其亦由塵:力容器120捕捉。熱 控制堆疊廢氣與燃料電池廢氣在壓力容器120中混合，以形 成結合的廢氣，其離開電化學轉換器系統72，接著通過流 體導管124。燃料電池112與熱控制堆疊116之最佳的設計構 造將於以下更詳細説明。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -----»裝—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)497285 A7 B7_ V. Description of the invention (14) As mentioned above, the input to the composite power system 70 is an oxygen-containing gas and a fuel. The oxygen-containing gas is typically air, and the fuel is typically natural gas. Therefore, air and fuel serve as reactants for the electrochemical converter system 72. The input oxidation reagent is used to oxidize the fuel in the fuel cell 112 and is compressed and heated by the compressors 76 and 134. Then, the compressed and heated, pressurized air 86 is heated in the heat exchanger 88 by the turbine exhaust gas leaving the turboexpander 78. Although the oxygen-containing gas is typically air, it can be other oxygen-containing fluids, such as partially depleted air, or oxygen-rich air. Air and fuel reactants are consumed by the fuel cell 112, which generates electricity and exhaust gas captured by the pressure vessel 120. The thermal control stack 116 generates exhaust gas, which is also captured by the dust: force container 120. The thermal control stack exhaust gas and the fuel cell exhaust gas are mixed in a pressure vessel 120 to form a combined exhaust gas that leaves the electrochemical converter system 72 and then passes through a fluid conduit 124. The optimal design structure of the fuel cell 112 and the thermal control stack 116 will be described in more detail below. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ----- »Installation-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
如上述，渦輪機可以不在與燃料電池一樣高的溫度操 作。因此，在引導至渦輪膨脹機78以前，可不需要減少驅 動氣體的溫度。配置在熱交換器88與電化學轉換器系統72 之間的流體調節元件108可以引動，以允許某些或全部通過 流體導管107的空氣旁通於電化學轉換器系統72，且與廢氣 及流體導管124混合。依據一替代實施例，可以引動沿著流 體導管92配置之選擇性流體調節元件94，以允許加熱、加 壓空氣86繞行於熱交換器88或電化學轉換器系統72，且與 在渦輪膨脹機78之輸入的驅動氣體直接混合。 -17 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格t210 X 297公釐） 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明（15 ) 提供轉向流體調節元件-諸如流體調節元件94與丨〇8-之一 頒著優點係它們提供對於複合動力系統7〇之一操作參數的 某一程度之控制，特別是氣體渦輪機總成74。例如，藉由 選擇性控制引導至氣體渦輪膨脹機7 8之驅動氣體的溫度， 系統可以控制整個系統的動力輸出，諸如氣體渦輪機總成 74產生的動力。此外，燃料電池i 12產生的動力輸出可以藉 由調節引導至彼的燃料數量而調節，以控制電化學轉換器 系統7 2的動力輸出。 再參考圖1，所繪示的複合動力系統7〇又包含一沿著流體 導管124配置的泥體調節元件142。所緣示的流體調節裝置 142執行多種選擇的功能。例如，流體調節裝置可以調節或 控制通過流體導管124的廢氣數量，廢氣接著引導至滿輪膨 脹機78。流體調節裝置142也可以避免或防止流體導管124 的廢氣到達渦輪膨脹機，並且控制或調節通往大氣的廢氣 數量，或與通過流體導管124之廢氣混合的外部流體數量。 所以’流> 體調節裝置142提供混合的額外流體，以調節通過 導管142的廢氣溫度。裝置142也使系統能夠嚴格調節引導 至複合動力系統70之後續階段的流體數量。 複合動力系統70可又包含一選擇性第二燃燒器U4，其配 置在流體調節裝置142的下游’以在引導至渦輪膨脹機78以 前’進一步加熱流體導管124中的廢氣·。在氣體渦輪機總成 74以比電化學轉換器系統72產生的廢氣溫度更高之溫度操 作的應用中，第二燃燒器144特別係所欲者。廢氣形成 機驅動氣體，其接著引導至渦輪膨脹機78。通過滿輪膨服 •卜--t-------裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · -18As mentioned above, the turbine may not be operated at the same high temperature as the fuel cell. Therefore, it may not be necessary to reduce the temperature of the drive gas before being directed to the turboexpander 78. The fluid regulating element 108 disposed between the heat exchanger 88 and the electrochemical converter system 72 may be activated to allow some or all of the air passing through the fluid conduit 107 to bypass the electrochemical converter system 72 and communicate with the exhaust gas and fluid. The conduit 124 is mixed. According to an alternative embodiment, a selective fluid regulating element 94 disposed along the fluid conduit 92 may be activated to allow heated, pressurized air 86 to bypass the heat exchanger 88 or electrochemical converter system 72 and expand with the turbine The drive gas input from the machine 78 is directly mixed. -17-This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification t210 X 297 mm) 497285 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 V. Description of invention (15) Provide steering fluid regulating elements such as fluid regulating elements One of the advantages of 94 and 〇 08- is that they provide a certain degree of control of one of the operating parameters of the composite power system 70, especially the gas turbine assembly 74. For example, by selectively controlling the temperature of the driving gas guided to the gas turbine expander 78, the system can control the power output of the entire system, such as the power generated by the gas turbine assembly 74. In addition, the power output generated by the fuel cell i 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of fuel guided to each other to control the power output of the electrochemical converter system 72. Referring again to FIG. 1, the illustrated hybrid power system 70 includes a mud regulating element 142 disposed along the fluid conduit 124. The illustrated fluid regulating device 142 performs a variety of selected functions. For example, the fluid regulating device may regulate or control the amount of exhaust gas passing through the fluid conduit 124, which is then directed to a full-wheel expander 78. The fluid regulating device 142 can also prevent or prevent exhaust gas from the fluid duct 124 from reaching the turboexpander, and control or regulate the amount of exhaust gas to the atmosphere, or the amount of external fluid mixed with the exhaust gas passing through the fluid duct 124. So the 'flow > body regulating device 142 provides a mixed extra fluid to regulate the temperature of the exhaust gas through the conduit 142. The device 142 also enables the system to strictly regulate the amount of fluid that is directed to subsequent stages of the hybrid power system 70. The hybrid power system 70 may further include a selective second burner U4, which is disposed downstream'of the fluid regulating device 142 to further heat the exhaust gas in the fluid conduit 124 before being directed to the turbo expander 78 '. In applications where the gas turbine assembly 74 operates at a higher temperature than the temperature of the exhaust gas produced by the electrochemical converter system 72, the second burner 144 is particularly desirable. The exhaust gas generator drives the gas, which is then directed to a turbo expander 78. Inflated through the full round • Bu --t ------- load --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) · -18
、發明說明（16 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印制衣 、時的驅動氣體膨脹而生電，因此降壓，々矣著自彼逐出而 成爲通過孔流體導管146的渦輪機廢氣。 :化學轉換器系統72產生的廢氣形成用於複合動力系統 0 _動氣’最後引導至滿輪膨脹機7 8。滿輪機使廢氣 γ膨脹’且使廢氣的熱能轉換爲轉動能量。因爲濁輪膨 辰，、f電機80與壓縮機76可以配置在一共同軸上，故 ::機80產生父泥或直流電，而壓縮機壓迫輸入的空氣反 U ’如上述。專精於此技藝的人易於了冑，發電機產生 又電的頻率至少係1〇〇〇赫兹，典型上係自約12⑽至約丨_ ^。發電機80產生的交流電可以藉由諸如整流器的任何 通當裝置整流，以將交流電轉換爲直流電。在由反相器125 :變以前，直流電可以與電化學轉換器系統72產生的直流 電直接結合。在此配置中，電化學轉換器系統如當氣體 滿輪機總成的外部燃燒器，其則充當系統70之-觸底機。 所緣示的複合動力系統7〇又包含串聯的流體調節裝置148 與150 ’其提供對於手、統7()之操作流體的額外程度的控制。 :體調節裝置U8調節通過流體導管146的滿輪機廢氣數 量：並且調節旁通於渦輪膨脹機78且直接與渦輪機廢氣混 合（驅動氣體的數量。冑由調節離開渦輪機的廢氣數量， 系統70可調節氣體漏輪機總成74的動力輸出。所以，流體 調節裝置148提供一額外機構，以藉由控制氣體满輪機的： 力輸出，控制氣體渦輪機總成74之一操作參數。 L制态140可再耦合至發電機8〇，以監視或控制系統7〇之 或更夕4件的操作。例如，控制器可以調節引導至竭輪 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本fincv(16) Invention of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the printing of clothes by the consumer cooperative of the employee, the driving gas expands to generate electricity, so the pressure is reduced, and the exhaust gas is exhausted from the turbine through the orifice fluid conduit 146. : The exhaust gas generated by the chemical converter system 72 is formed for the composite power system 0_moving gas ’and is finally guided to the full-wheel expander 78. The full turbine expands the exhaust gas γ 'and converts the thermal energy of the exhaust gas into rotational energy. Because the turbid wheel expands, the f motor 80 and the compressor 76 can be arranged on a common axis, so the :: machine 80 generates parent mud or direct current, and the compressor presses the input air against U 'as described above. Those who specialize in this technique are prone to 胄, the frequency of the generator to generate electricity is at least 1000 Hz, typically from about 12 ⑽ to about 丨 _ ^. The alternating current generated by the generator 80 may be rectified by any means such as a rectifier to convert the alternating current into direct current. Before being transformed by the inverter 125 :, the direct current can be directly combined with the direct current generated by the electrochemical converter system 72. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system acts as the bottom burner of the system 70 when it is the external burner of the gas-full turbine assembly. The illustrated hybrid power system 70 also includes fluid adjustment devices 148 and 150 'in series, which provide an additional degree of control over the operating fluid of the hand system 7 (). : The body adjusting device U8 adjusts the amount of exhaust gas from the full turbine through the fluid conduit 146: and adjusts the bypass gas turbine 78 and directly mixes with the turbine exhaust gas (the amount of driving gas. 胄 By adjusting the amount of exhaust gas leaving the turbine, the system 70 can be adjusted The power output of the gas leak turbine assembly 74. Therefore, the fluid regulating device 148 provides an additional mechanism to control one of the operating parameters of the gas turbine assembly 74 by controlling the output of the gas full turbine: L system state 140 can be again Coupling to the generator 80 to monitor or control the operation of the system 70 or more. For example, the controller can adjust the guidance to the exhaustion wheel (please read the notes on the back before filling out this fincv
-19- 497285 A7-19- 497285 A7
膨脹機7 8的廢氣數量，以栌曲 出。押制哭1 zim、、 二虱植渦輪機總成74的動力輸 # ^ ^ σ以^制流體1周節元件148的操作，以調節 廢巩泥。依據一音奸士 4 ,、 〜休 八式，控制器140可以# φ卜、云_调節元 件148的操作，以根據發 4制邮祖卩周即 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 驅動氣體的數量。因此，％由 碉節引導至滿輪機之 動气蹄,.、此精由以發電機動力的函數調節驅 地*二可以控制氣體渦輪機總成的動力輸出。特別 :，。控制器可以根據發電機的輸出，調節流體調節元件 二：示的流體調節裝置15〇也可以調節通過流體導管146 ^尚輪機廢氣.其引導至熱交換器188 •的數量。㈣示的流 =即裝£15〇與流fi調節裝置154合作，以依據系統需求 好糸急狀態，控制通過熱交換器的渴輪機廢氣數量。因 此’硬合動力系統70提供部件’用於調節通過熱交換器88 之熱曆氣的數量。此則以閥96調節或控制通過熱交換器之 f氣的復熱數量’其發生在系統操作期間。例如，通過敎 =換器的空氣溫度可以藉由調節通過熱交換器之竭輪機廢 氣數！而調節或控制。因此，系統7〇可以獨立調節燃料電 池112的加熱，並且允許氣體渦輪機總成74維持適當的操作 狀況及/或溫度。專精於此技藝的人易於了解，於引導至電 化學轉換器系統7 2以前，渦輪機廢氣將通過熱交換器的空 氣預熱。專精於此技藝的人亦易於了解，複合動力系統 可以配置成爲以逆流方式，將熱交換器8 8中的空氣反應劑 預，典。鑑於此處的被海’專精於此技藝的人也可實現手统 部件的其他構造與配置，其在使用期間用於控制氣體滿輪 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） t#--- (請先間讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂·The amount of exhaust gas from the expander 7 8 is curled out. The power transmission of the crying 1 zim, and two lice plant turbine assembly 74 is controlled by the operation of the fluid 1 weekly element 148 to adjust the waste sludge. According to a gangster 4, 2, ~ Hugh 8 style, the controller 140 can # φ 卜 ， 云 _ Adjust the operation of the element 148 to print according to the postal system, which is printed by the employee ’s consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The amount of driving gas. Therefore, the% is guided from the knuckle to the moving air hoist of the full turbine. This driving force is adjusted by the function of the generator power. * The power output of the gas turbine assembly can be controlled. Special:,. The controller can adjust the fluid regulating element according to the output of the generator. The fluid regulating device 15 shown can also regulate the amount of exhaust gas passing through the fluid conduit 146 ^ Shang turbine. It is directed to the heat exchanger 188. The indicated flow = ready to install £ 150 and cooperate with the flow fi regulating device 154 to control the amount of exhaust gas from thirsty turbines that pass through the heat exchanger in accordance with the system's demand for emergency conditions. Therefore, the 'stiffened power system 70 provides components' for adjusting the amount of thermal history passing through the heat exchanger 88. This uses a valve 96 to regulate or control the amount of reheating of the gas passing through the heat exchanger ' which occurs during system operation. For example, the temperature of the air passing through the 敎 = converter can be adjusted by exhausting the exhaust gas from the turbine through the heat exchanger! While regulating or controlling. Therefore, the system 70 can independently adjust the heating of the fuel cell 112 and allow the gas turbine assembly 74 to maintain proper operating conditions and / or temperatures. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that before being directed to the electro-chemical converter system 72, the turbine exhaust gas will be preheated by the air of a heat exchanger. It is also easy for those skilled in this art to understand that the hybrid power system can be configured to counter the air reactants in the heat exchangers 8 and 8 in a countercurrent manner. In view of the fact that the person who is specialized in this technology can also realize other structures and configurations of hand-held components, which are used to control the full gas of the wheel during use. -20- This paper applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) t # --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order ·
497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明（18 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 機總成74之一操作參數。例如，系統可以在熱交換器88與 渦輪膨脹機7 8之間使用任何數目的流體調節元件，諸如一 元件，或無元件。因此，可以依據所選擇之程式化方案， 碉節或控制流體調節裝置1 5 0與1 54，以在所繪示複合動力 系統70之不同相的操作期間，確保將通過熱交換器之最佳 或所欲數量之空氣預熱。 可以提供一控制器140及流體調節裝置94、96、1〇〇、 104、1〇8、142、148、150與154，以依據任何所選擇的使 用者定義序列，控制輸入的燃料與空氣反應劑。也可以連 接控制器140，以調節氣體渦輪機總成74或電化學轉換器系 統72。控制器可以是任何傳統設計，諸如工業用邏輯控制 器、微處理器、獨立計算裝置、耦合成網路構造的計算裝 置、或任何適當的處理裝置，其包含用於執行複合動力系 統控制的適當硬體、軟體及/或儲存器。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 圖1之複合動力系統之一優點在於，它允許藉由直揍整合 一高效率、精巧的電化學轉換器與一如同觸底機而操作之 氣體渦輪機總成，而在一高效率系統中產生電。電化學轉 換器系統72與一氣體渦輪機總成74的整合產生一複合動力 系統70，其總動力效率約爲或大於70%。此系統的效率比 先別技藝的氣體;尚輪機系統及先前技藝的電化學系统所達 成的效率顯著增加。所繪示的複合動力系統附設一燃料電 池Π2，以提供電與高等級的熱能，並利用燃料電池的= 益。例如，燃料電池如同低NOx來源而操作，以相對於傳統 氣體渦輪機發電廠而改進環境性能。 21 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 B7 五、發明說明（19) 電化學轉換器與氣挪、、凤^ 於圖2。圖的座標軸標’機、總成結合的高系統效率圖示 座標標示複合系統的動力：效率，而橫 與氣體渦輪機的容量和 我馬電化學轉換器 之商。圖線160緣示，^+GT)除以氣體源輪機的容量（GT) 效率係25%的氣體渦輪;用效率係5〇%的燃料電池與一 樣地，圖線⑹緣示總系統效率可能超過帆。同 效率細的氣燃料電池與- 依動力比而定，可以達^甚至超過7G% 且率，以使總系統。=:換3氣體滿輪機的容量與 輪機與一電化學轉換器处圖’當-氣體 加；結果至今未知。^ 口 f系、、死效率對應地大爲 的氣體爾動力；：:;二前述，使用-電化學轉換 甚至超過鄕，依統效率超過6〇%，且達到-的容量與效率、；： = 氣體滿輪機與電化學轉換 定。 奴合動力系統70的操作與配置方式 ^氣"足渦輪機總成74可爲單軸、串接對準的 Π發明!1慮到其他構造，以用於圖1的複合動力系 口孔植渦輪機總成74可附設一多軸設計。圖3係 系ϋΠ〇之部分實施例示意代表圖，其整合一電 子、时人夕軸氣體渦輪機總成。圖1的剩餘部件可併 此實施例中’但爲了清楚起見而省略。所緣示的動力系 170可馬傳統燃燒竭輪機系統，其包含-對壓縮機cmC2 效 器 或 器 而 % 構 統 化 入 -22- 本紙張尺㈣财國國家標準(CNS^iT^ 297公爱) 497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明（2〇 ) 一對渦輪機T1與T2、一發電機172、一中間冷卻器174與一 或更多電化學轉換器176。一對軸178與180將渦輪機丁丨與丁〕 個別連接到機械式壓縮機c丨與C2。 ’、 如所示，來自空氣入口的空氣在壓縮機C1的入口進入壓 縮機C 1並壓縮。然後，壓縮空氣在壓縮機的出口離開壓縮 機，且進入中間冷卻器174，其在空氣離開中間冷卻器以前 使壓縮空氣的溫度減少。中間冷卻器174在它的入口自一产 體源（未顯示）接收冷卻流體，諸如水，而在它的出口將水 排放。 、 然後，冷卻、壓縮的空氣進入壓縮機C2，其在引導至第 一電化學轉換器176以前再次將空氣壓縮。空氣沿著流體通 路182 ’傳送於電化學轉換器176與壓縮機之間。於引導 至電化學轉換器時，空氣與來自燃料源（未顯示）的燃料反 應，以產生電。 電化學轉換器的廢氣沿著流體通路1 84引導至渦輪機丁2， 其廢氣引導土 一弟一電化學轉換器176。第二轉換器產生 電，且在引導至渦輪機T1以前再加熱。渦輪機τ丨的廢氣較 佳爲沿著流體通路186而從系統170帶走，以待後續使用。 渦輪機T1的轉動能量較佳爲經由動力軸17 $總成與發電機 172，而分配於機械式壓縮機。之間。發電機172可以用於 產生電，以供各種居住與商業用途。雖然所繪示的系統17() 使用一對電化學轉換器17 6，但專精於此技藝的人可了解， 可以只使用一轉換器，而另一轉換器以一傳統燃燒器取 代0 -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） --1— — — — — — — · I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（21 以上叹计存在其他 且 能力範圍内、 一係在專精於此技藝者的 可使用任何數^可以使用一系列氣體漏輪機總成，或 圖涵蓋一電1'燃燒器與滿輪機。本發明又意 % 予轉換器與大多數種類的氣f# ^ ^_ r氣體滿輪機包含單軸_輪機、雙：；：=整 爾。本式氣體滿輪機與再熱式氣體 結合-電化學二m “涵蓋—複合動力系統，其 -較佳會施们 氣體漏輪機。依據本發明之 之：轉換器取代_完全或部分地-氣體 力系統足一或更多燃燒器。 當燃料電池U2容納於一容器12〇時，有助於一電 換器與-氣體渴輪機的直接整合。一較佳型式的轉換器外 ::不於'Ο其中-可充當再生式或復熱式熱封箱的壓力 容器120圍繞U堆疊的燃料電池總成122，其更詳細説 明如下。壓力容器120包含一廢氣出口歧管124、電接頭126 與輸入反應劑歧管128及130。在一較佳實施例中，氧化反 應劑經由歧管130引導至固有的燃料電池總成，燃料反應劑 經由燃料歧管128而引入。 堆疊的燃料電池陣列122可以將廢氣排出至壓力容器12〇 内部。可以經由一諸如壓縮機76或134的泵，或經由一鼓風 機，而控制適合於與壓力容器一起使用之觸底裝置的廢氣 之塵力，鼓風機係諸如蘇先生之美國專利5,948,221號所示 及説明者，其内容附於此供參考，以選擇性抽送一輸入反 應劑進入-因而使廢氣離開-堆疊的燃料電池總成丨22。 -24 t紙張尺準(CNS)A4規格⑵〇 x 297公餐497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page} One of the operating parameters of the machine assembly 74. For example, the system can be used between the heat exchanger 88 and the turbo expander 7 8 Any number of fluid regulating elements, such as one element, or no element. Therefore, the fluid regulating device 150 or 15 may be controlled or controlled according to the selected stylized scheme to show the composite power system 70 in the drawing. During the operation of different phases, it is ensured that the optimum or desired amount of air will be preheated through the heat exchanger. A controller 140 and fluid regulating devices 94, 96, 100, 104, 108, 142, 148, 150, and 154 to control input fuel and air reactants based on any selected user-defined sequence. A controller 140 can also be connected to regulate the gas turbine assembly 74 or electrochemical converter system 72. Controller It may be any conventional design, such as an industrial logic controller, microprocessor, stand-alone computing device, computing device coupled into a network configuration, or any suitable processing device including Appropriate hardware, software, and / or storage for the control of the hybrid power system. One advantage of the hybrid power system printed in Figure 1 by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is that it allows the integration of a highly efficient, compact The electrochemical converter and a gas turbine assembly operating like a bottoming machine generate electricity in a high efficiency system. The integration of the electrochemical converter system 72 and a gas turbine assembly 74 produces a composite power system 70, Its total power efficiency is about or greater than 70%. The efficiency of this system is significantly higher than that achieved by the gas of the previous technology; the efficiency achieved by the Shang turbine system and the electrochemical system of the previous technology is significantly increased. The composite power system shown is provided with a fuel cell Π2 to provide electricity and high-grade thermal energy, and to take advantage of the benefits of fuel cells. For example, fuel cells operate as low NOx sources to improve environmental performance compared to traditional gas turbine power plants. 21 This paper standard applies to the country of China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (19) Electrochemical converter and gas pump, phoenix ^ Figure 2 The coordinate system of the figure shows the high system efficiency of the combination of machine and assembly. The coordinates indicate the power of the composite system: efficiency, which is related to the capacity of the gas turbine and the quotient of our Malaysian electrochemical converter. Figure 160 shows the edge, ^ + (GT) divided by the capacity of the gas source turbine (GT). The efficiency is 25% for a gas turbine. With a fuel cell with an efficiency of 50%, the same figure shows that the total system efficiency may exceed the sail. The same efficiency of gas fuel cells and-depending on the power ratio, can reach ^ or even more than 7G%, to make the total system. =: Change the capacity of the 3 gas full turbine and the map of the turbine and an electrochemical converter ’when the gas is added; the results are not known yet. ^ Mouth f system, and the corresponding gas efficiency are greatly improved;: ;; Second, the use of-electrochemical conversion even exceeds 鄕, according to the system efficiency of more than 60%, and reach-capacity and efficiency,-: = Gas full turbine and electrochemical conversion. The operation and configuration of the slave power system 70 ^ Qi " foot turbine assembly 74 can be a single axis, serially aligned Π invention! 1 Considering other structures, used in the composite powertrain port hole plant of Figure 1 The turbine assembly 74 may be attached with a multi-axis design. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a part of the embodiment of the system, which integrates an electronic, time and shaft gas turbine assembly. The remaining parts of Fig. 1 may be incorporated in this embodiment 'but omitted for clarity. The illustrated powertrain 170 Coma traditional burn-out turbine system includes-for compressor cmC2 effector or device-22%-This paper measures the national standard of the country of finance (CNS ^ iT ^ 297 public Love) 497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (20) A pair of turbines T1 and T2, a generator 172, an intercooler 174, and one or more electrochemical converters 176. A pair of shafts 178 and 180 individually connect the turbines D1 and D2 to the mechanical compressors C1 and C2. ', As shown, the air from the air inlet enters the compressor C1 at the inlet of the compressor C1 and is compressed. The compressed air then leaves the compressor at the compressor's outlet and enters the intercooler 174, which reduces the temperature of the compressed air before the air leaves the intercooler. The intercooler 174 receives cooling fluid, such as water, from a production source (not shown) at its inlet, and discharges water at its outlet. Then, the cooled, compressed air enters the compressor C2, which compresses the air again before being guided to the first electrochemical converter 176. Air is transferred between the electrochemical converter 176 and the compressor along a fluid path 182 '. When directed to an electrochemical converter, air reacts with fuel from a fuel source (not shown) to generate electricity. The exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter is guided to the turbine T2 along the fluid path 184, and the exhaust gas is directed to the electrochemical converter 176. The second converter generates electricity and is reheated before being directed to the turbine T1. The exhaust gas from the turbine τ 丨 is preferably taken away from the system 170 along the fluid path 186 for subsequent use. The rotational energy of the turbine T1 is preferably distributed to the mechanical compressor via the power shaft 17 $ assembly and the generator 172. between. The generator 172 can be used to generate electricity for various residential and commercial uses. Although the illustrated system 17 () uses a pair of electrochemical converters 17 6, those skilled in the art will understand that it is possible to use only one converter and the other converter to replace 0 with a conventional burner- 23- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) --1 — — — — — — — II (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Order. Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperatives Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperatives Printed by V. Invention Description (21 and above There are other and within the scope of competence, one who is specialized in this skill can use any number ^ can Use a series of gas leak turbine assemblies, or the diagram covers an electric 1 'burner and full turbine. The present invention also intends to provide converters with most types of gas. F # ^ _r gas full turbines include single shaft turbines, Double:;: = Seoul. This type of full gas turbine combined with reheated gas-electrochemical two m "covered-composite power system, which-preferably, will be gas leak turbines. According to the invention: the converter replaces _ Completely or partially-gas The power system is sufficient for one or more burners. When the fuel cell U2 is housed in a container 120, it facilitates the direct integration of an electric converter and a gas thirsty turbine. Outside of a better type of converter :: not more than '0 where-a pressure vessel 120 that can serve as a regenerative or reheating heat-sealing tank surrounds a U-stacked fuel cell assembly 122, which is described in more detail below. The pressure vessel 120 includes an exhaust gas outlet manifold 124, electrical connectors 126, and Input reactant manifolds 128 and 130. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidation reactant is directed to the inherent fuel cell assembly via manifold 130, and the fuel reactant is introduced via fuel manifold 128. Stacked fuel cell array 122 The exhaust gas can be discharged inside the pressure vessel 120. The dust force of the exhaust gas suitable for bottoming devices suitable for use with pressure vessels can be controlled by a pump such as a compressor 76 or 134, or by a blower, such as Shown and described by Mr. Su in US Patent No. 5,948,221, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for the purpose of selectively pumping an input reactant into-and thus leaving the exhaust gas-a stacked fuel cell assembly 2 2. -24 t paper rule (CNS) A4 size 〇〇 297 meal
I·裝.丨I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 . %I · 装. 丨 I (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 1.%
五、發明說明（22 ) 如上述，電化學轉換器可以在升高的溫度及在周圍壓力 或在升咼的壓力操作。電化學轉換器較佳爲一燃料電池系 統’包含一又合式熱交換器，熱交換器類似於美國專利 4, 853, 100號所示及説明的型式，其附於此供參考。 壓力谷為120可以包含一與内壁138隔離的外壁136，以在 其間產生環圈。可用絕緣材料139充填環圈，以使壓力容器 的外表面維持在適當的溫度。替代地，環圈可容納或形成 一熱父換7L件，以與壓力容器熱交換。在熱交換器之一實 施例中，環圈與壁138與130可形成一熱交換護罩，以使一 熱叉換流體循環於其中。由壁形成的熱交換器與壓力容器 父換熱’且幫助外表面維持在適當的溫度。當然，環圈充 當冷卻護罩而使用並不排除額外使用一不位於環圈中的絕 緣材料’以減少熱自壓力容器内部流失，或亦幫助壓力容 器外表面維持在適當的溫度。 在本發明之一實施例中，於壓力容器熱交換器-諸如壁 136與138形成的冷卻護罩-中循環的熱交換流體係一輸入反 應劑’諸如在歧管12 8中流動的空氣輸入反應劑。此實施例 中’歧管基本上係入口，其與鄰近於壓力容器120頂部的環 圈部分係流體連通。額外的歧管（未顯示）將環圈與燃料電 池堆疊122流體連接，俾使空氣輸入反應劑正確引導至彼。 由壁136與138形成之冷卻護罩對於空氣輸入反應劑的預熱 係用於若干目的，包含藉由再生取得廢熱而將空氣輸入反 應劑預熱以提高效率，及將壓力容器120外表面冷卻。 壓力容器可以係「正壓力容器」，其意圖包含一設計成 -25- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — — — — — · I I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)V. Description of the invention (22) As mentioned above, the electrochemical converter can be operated at elevated temperature and ambient pressure or at elevated pressure. The electrochemical converter is preferably a fuel cell system 'comprising a double-closing heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is similar to that shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,853,100, which is incorporated herein by reference. The pressure valley 120 may include an outer wall 136 that is isolated from the inner wall 138 to create a loop therebetween. The ring may be filled with insulating material 139 to maintain the outer surface of the pressure vessel at a suitable temperature. Alternatively, the ring can accommodate or form a 7L heat exchanger for heat exchange with the pressure vessel. In one embodiment of the heat exchanger, the rings and walls 138 and 130 may form a heat exchange shield to circulate a hot fork exchange fluid therein. The heat exchanger formed by the wall exchanges heat with the parent of the pressure vessel 'and helps to maintain the outer surface at an appropriate temperature. Of course, the use of the ring as a cooling shield does not exclude the additional use of an insulating material 'which is not located in the ring to reduce heat loss from the pressure vessel or to help maintain the outer surface of the pressure vessel at an appropriate temperature. In one embodiment of the invention, a heat exchange flow system circulating in a pressure vessel heat exchanger, such as a cooling shroud formed by walls 136 and 138, is fed with reactants, such as air flowing in a manifold 12 Reactant. The 'manifold' in this embodiment is essentially an inlet which is in fluid communication with a portion of the ring adjacent to the top of the pressure vessel 120. An additional manifold (not shown) fluidly connects the ring to the fuel cell stack 122 so that air input reactants are properly directed to each other. The preheating of the cooling shield formed by the walls 136 and 138 for the air input reactant is used for several purposes, including preheating the air input reactant to obtain waste heat by regeneration to improve efficiency, and cooling the outer surface of the pressure vessel 120 . The pressure vessel can be a "positive pressure vessel", which is intended to include a design of -25- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) — — — — — · II (Please read the back first (Notes for filling in this page)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 五、發明說明（23 ) 爲在諸如1或2大氣壓操作的容器，或設計成爲可忍受高很 多的壓力-高達每平方吋丨000磅-之容器。當與電化學轉換 备起使用的觸底裝置係，例如，附設有一熱引動急冷器 或銷爐的加熱通氣與冷卻HVAC系統時，低壓容器是有用 的。高壓容器可以用於，例如，所繪示的複合動力系統 70 〇 燃料電池利用所選擇種類的燃料-諸如氫或一氧化碳分子 -4化學位能，以除了電力以外，尚產生氧化分子。因爲供 應分子氫或一氧化碳的成本相對高於提供傳統燃料，故可 利用一燃料處理或再形成步驟以轉換諸如煤炭與天然氣的 =石燃料成爲反應劑氣體混合物，其氫與一氧化碳的含量 高。結果，使用燃料處理器-其係專用或配置在燃料電:内 ^利用恶汽、氧或二氧化碳（於吸熱反應），以使化石燃 料改變爲不複雜的反應劑氣體。 β圖5-71會示燃料電池！ 12的基本電池單元1〇與燃料電池堆 疊122，其特別適於與傳統氣體渦輪機整合。電池單元勺 含一電解質板20與-互聯板3〇。在—實施例中，電解質= 可由陶^:製成’諸如穩定的氧化锆材料邮⑺叫，並上 配置-多孔性氧化劑電極材料鹰與—多孔性燃料電材 細。用於氧化劑電極材料的示範性材料係转鈦礦材料^ 如LaMn〇3(Sr)。燃料電極材料的示範性材料係金屬陶资， 堵如 Zr02/Ni 與 Zr02/Ni 0。 互聯板30較佳爲由導電與導熱的互 之例包含鎳合金、銷合全、脅如〇 «此材枓 至劣如碳化矽的非金屬導體、 I______-26- —本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準（CNS)A4規格（21{) χ撕公 497285 A7 B7__ __ 五、發明說明（24 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperative, 497285 A7 V. Invention Description (23) is a container operating at 1 or 2 atmospheres, or a container designed to withstand much higher pressures-up to 1,000 pounds per square inch . Low pressure vessels are useful when bottom-contacting equipment is being prepared for use with electrochemical conversion, for example, with heating ventilated and cooled HVAC systems equipped with a thermally actuated quench or pin furnace. High-pressure vessels can be used, for example, in the illustrated hybrid power system 70. Fuel cells use a selected type of fuel, such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide molecules, and 4 chemical potentials to generate oxidation molecules in addition to electricity. Because the cost of supplying molecular hydrogen or carbon monoxide is relatively higher than the cost of providing conventional fuels, a fuel treatment or reforming step can be used to convert fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas into a reactant gas mixture with high levels of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. As a result, a fuel processor is used which is dedicated or configured in the fuel cell: ^ Use of vapour, oxygen, or carbon dioxide (in endothermic reactions) to change the fossil fuel into an uncomplicated reactant gas. β Figure 5-71 shows the fuel cell! The basic cell 10 of 12 and a fuel cell stack 122 are particularly suitable for integration with a conventional gas turbine. The battery cell spoon contains an electrolyte plate 20 and an interconnecting plate 30. In the embodiment, the electrolyte can be made of ceramic material, such as a stable zirconia material, and is configured with a -porous oxidant electrode material and a porous fuel electrical material. An exemplary material for an oxidant electrode material is a transtitanite material such as LaMnO3 (Sr). Exemplary materials for fuel electrode materials are metal ceramics, such as Zr02 / Ni and Zr02 / Ni 0. The interconnecting plate 30 is preferably composed of a conductive and thermally conductive material. Examples include nickel alloys, dowels, and non-metallic conductors such as silicon carbide, which is inferior to silicon carbide. I ______- 26- — This paper applies to China.豕 Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21 {) χTear 497285 A7 B7__ __ V. Invention description (24) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
La( Μη) Cr〇3，較佳爲商業上可用的英高鎳，係美國英高公 司製造。互聯板30充當相鄰電解質板之間的電接頭，及充 當燃料與氧化反應劑之間的分隔物。圖7最清楚顯示，互聯 板3 0具有一中央孔3 2與一組中間、同心徑向向外隔離的孔 3 4。第三組外孔3 6沿著板3 0的外圓柱形部分或周緣而配 置。 互聯板3 0具有紋理表面3 8。紋理表面較佳爲上面具有一-系列旋渦40，如圖7所示，其形成一系列連接的反應劑流動 -通路。較佳地，互聯板3 0二側上具有旋渦表面。雖然中孔 組與外孔組3 4與3 6個別顯示成爲具有選擇數目的孔，但專 精於此技藝的人可以了解，可使用任何數目的孔或分佈圖 案，依系統與反應劑流的需求而定。 同樣地，電極板20具有一中央孔22及一組中間與外孔24 與26，其個別形成在互聯板30之孔32、34與36的互補位 置。 參考圖6，一隔板50可插入電解質板20與互聯板30之間。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 隔板50較佳爲具有一浪形表面52，其形成一系列連接反應 劑流動通路，類似於互聯板30。隔板50也具有很多同心孔 54、56與58，其係在與互聯及電解質板之孔互補的位置， 如所示。此外，在此配置中，互聯板3 〇沒有反應劑流動通 路。隔板50較佳爲由導電材料製成，諸如鎳。 所繪示的電解質板20、互聯板30與隔板50可以係任何所 欲的構造。此外，具有所緣示歧管的板可以重複或非重複 圖案向外延伸’於是以虛線顯示。 ___ -27- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） " " A7 B7 五、發明說明（25 ) =圖7’ #電解質板麟互聯板3q替代 =的個別孔對準時，孔形成轴向（相對於堆疊）歧管，其以 車則入反應劑供應電池單元3 早且排出所耗用的燃料。特別地， 由止、 孔22、32、22’形成輸入氧化劑歧管17，對準的 中央孔24、34、24’形成輸人燃料歧管18，而對準的外孔 26、36、26f形成耗用燃料歧管19。 a在圖7的剖視时，互聯板3〇的紋理表面38具有-大致上 :/々圖木其形成於二側。此浪形的圖案形成反應劑 4力通路’其使輸人反應劑朝向互聯板周緣輸送。互聯板 也具有-延伸加熱表面或唇形結構，其在每一軸向歧管内 ^互聯板周緣的周圍延伸。特別地，互聯板30具有-平坦 :八伸表面3 1A ’其沿著它的外周緣而形成。在一較佳實 犯彳丨中所繪不的加熱表面3 1A延伸越過電解質板2〇的外周 緣。互聯板又具有_延伸加熱表面，其在軸向歧管内延 伸例如，邊緣31B延伸進入且容納於軸向歧管19中；邊緣 伸進入且谷納於軸向歧管1 8中；而邊緣3 1 〇延伸進入 一:内於軸向歧官17中。延伸的加熱表面可與互聯板成爲 把，或者，可耦合或接合於彼。加熱表面不需要由與互 聯：：同的材料製成，❻可以包括任何適當導熱材料，其 可心文電化學轉換器的操作溫度。在一替代實施例中，延 伸的加&表面T肖隔板成爲一體或轉合至彼。 盥互I板周緣缺少脊或其他高起的結構乃提供排氣口，其 與外# %境連通。反應劑流動通路使輸入反應劑歧管流體 I接万、外周緣，於是允許反應劑排放到外部環境，或排放 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度_ -28- X 297公釐） 497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明（26 ) 到圖4之配置在電化學轉換器周圍的熱容器或壓力容器。 再參考圖7，所繪示的密封材料6〇可以應用到在歧管接合 處心互聯板30部分，於是選擇性允許一特殊的輸入反應劑 泥過互聯表面，且流過電解質板2〇的匹配表面。互聯板底 部30B接觸電解質板2〇的電極塗層2〇b。此配置中，所欲者 爲’密封材料只允許燃料反應劑進入反應劑流動通路，於 是接觸燃料電極。 如所示，密封材料60A配置在輸入氧化劑歧管17周圍，形 成一在氧化劑歧管17周圍的有效反應劑流動屏障。密封材 料幫助維持與電解質板2〇之燃料電極側20B接觸的燃料反應 劑之完整性，且維持經由耗用燃料歧管丨9而排出之耗用的 燃料之冗整性。 互聯板30的頂部30A具有密封材料60B，其配置在燃料輸 入歧管18與耗用燃料歧管19周圍。互聯板30的頂部30A接觸 一對立電解質板20,的氧化劑塗層20B，。結果，在輸入氧化 劑歧管17的接合處無密封材料，以允許氧化反應劑進入反 應劑流動通路。完全圍繞燃料歧管1 8的密封材料60B防止燃 料反應劑過分洩漏至反應劑流動通路中，於是防止燃料與 氧化反應劑的混合物。類似地，完全圍繞耗用燃料歧管19 的密封材料60C防止耗用的氧化反應劑流入耗用燃料歧管19 中。因此，維持經由歧管19抽送之耗用燃料的純度。 再參考圖7，氧化反應劑可以經由軸向歧管17引導至電化 學轉換器，軸向歧管17係由電解質與互聯板的孔22、32與 22’個別形成。氧化劑藉由反應劑流動通路而分佈在互聯板 -29- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ••卜--1-------装--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7La (Mn) CrO3, preferably commercially available Inco nickel, is manufactured by Inco Corporation of the United States. The interconnecting plate 30 serves as an electrical connection between adjacent electrolyte plates and serves as a separator between the fuel and the oxidation reagent. Fig. 7 shows most clearly that the interconnecting board 30 has a central hole 32 and a set of holes 34 which are spaced radially outwardly and concentrically from the center. The third set of outer holes 36 is arranged along the outer cylindrical portion or periphery of the plate 30. The interconnect board 30 has a textured surface 38. The textured surface preferably has a series of vortices 40 thereon, as shown in FIG. 7, which forms a series of connected reagent flow-paths. Preferably, the interconnecting board 30 has vortex surfaces on both sides. Although the mesopore group and the outer hole group 3 4 and 3 6 are individually displayed to have a selected number of holes, those skilled in the art can understand that any number of holes or distribution patterns can be used, depending on the system and reagent flow. Demand. Similarly, the electrode plate 20 has a central hole 22 and a set of middle and outer holes 24 and 26, which are formed at complementary positions of the holes 32, 34, and 36 of the interconnection plate 30, respectively. Referring to FIG. 6, a separator 50 may be inserted between the electrolyte plate 20 and the interconnection plate 30. The partition 50, which is printed by the employee's consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, preferably has a wave-shaped surface 52 that forms a series of connecting reagent flow paths, similar to the interconnect plate 30. The separator 50 also has a number of concentric holes 54, 56 and 58 which are complementary to the holes of the interconnect and the electrolyte plate, as shown. Furthermore, in this configuration, the interconnect plate 30 has no reagent flow path. The separator 50 is preferably made of a conductive material such as nickel. The illustrated electrolyte plate 20, interconnection plate 30, and separator 50 may be of any desired structure. In addition, the plates with the manifolds shown can be extended outwardly in a repeating or non-repeating pattern 'so that they are shown in dotted lines. ___ -27- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) " " A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (25) = Figure 7 When the individual holes are aligned, the holes form an axial (relative to a stack) manifold that feeds the reactant to the battery cell 3 early and discharges the consumed fuel. Specifically, the inlet oxidant manifold 17 is formed by the stopper holes 22, 32, 22 ', the aligned central holes 24, 34, 24' form the fuel inlet manifold 18, and the aligned outer holes 26, 36, 26f The consumed fuel manifold 19 is formed. a In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, the textured surface 38 of the interconnecting board 30 has-roughly: / / Figure wood which is formed on both sides. This wave-shaped pattern forms a reactant 4 force path 'which causes the input reactant to be transported toward the periphery of the interconnect plate. The interconnect plate also has an -extended heating surface or lip structure that extends around the periphery of the interconnect plate within each axial manifold. In particular, the interconnect plate 30 has a -flat: octave surface 31A 'which is formed along its outer periphery. The heating surface 31A, which is not shown in a preferred embodiment, extends beyond the outer periphery of the electrolyte plate 20. The interconnecting plate has an extended heating surface that extends within the axial manifold. For example, the edge 31B extends into and is received in the axial manifold 19; the edge extends into and is contained in the axial manifold 18; and the edge 3 〇 extends into 1: within the axial divergence 17. The extended heating surface can be a handle to the interconnect board, or it can be coupled or bonded to each other. The heating surface need not be made of the same material as the interconnect ::, and may include any suitable thermally conductive material that can be used to understand the operating temperature of the electrochemical converter. In an alternative embodiment, the extended & surface T-Shape separator is integrated or turned to one another. The lack of ridges or other raised structures around the perimeter of the toilet plate is to provide an exhaust vent that communicates with the outside environment. The reactant flow path allows the input reactant manifold fluid I to be connected to the outer periphery, so the reactant is allowed to be discharged to the external environment, or discharged (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Co-operative printed paper size _ -28- X 297 mm) 497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (26) The heat container or pressure container arranged around the electrochemical converter shown in Figure 4 to Figure 4. Referring again to FIG. 7, the illustrated sealing material 60 can be applied to the portion of the interconnecting plate 30 at the junction of the manifold, so that a special input reagent can be selectively allowed to pass through the interconnecting surface and flow through the electrolyte plate 20 Matching surfaces. The interconnection plate bottom portion 30B contacts the electrode coating layer 20b of the electrolyte plate 20. In this configuration, the desired one is the 'sealing material' that allows only the fuel reactant to enter the reactant flow path, and thus contacts the fuel electrode. As shown, the sealing material 60A is disposed around the input oxidant manifold 17 to form an effective reactant flow barrier around the oxidant manifold 17. The sealing material helps maintain the integrity of the fuel reactant in contact with the fuel electrode side 20B of the electrolyte plate 20 and maintains the redundancy of the consumed fuel discharged through the consumed fuel manifold 9. The top 30A of the interconnect plate 30 has a sealing material 60B, which is arranged around the fuel input manifold 18 and the consumed fuel manifold 19. The top 30A of the interconnect plate 30 contacts the oxidant coating 20B of the pair of opposing electrolyte plates 20 ′. As a result, there is no sealing material at the junction of the input oxidant manifold 17 to allow the oxidation reagent to enter the reagent flow path. The sealing material 60B, which completely surrounds the fuel manifold 18, prevents excessive leakage of the fuel reactant into the reactant flow path, thereby preventing a mixture of the fuel and the oxidation reactant. Similarly, the sealing material 60C completely surrounding the depleted fuel manifold 19 prevents the depleted oxidation reagent from flowing into the depleted fuel manifold 19. Therefore, the purity of the consumed fuel pumped through the manifold 19 is maintained. Referring again to FIG. 7, the oxidation reagent can be guided to the electrochemical converter via an axial manifold 17, which is formed individually by the electrolyte and the holes 22, 32, and 22 'of the interconnecting plate. The oxidant is distributed on the interconnecting board through the reactant flow path. 29- This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). -(Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) ·-Printed by A7 B7, Consumer Cooperatives, Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs
497285 五、發明說明（27 ) 30A頂部上方，及氧化劑電極表面2〇A，上方。然後，耗用的 氧化劑徑向向外朝周緣3丨A流動，且最後沿著轉換器元件周 緣而排出。密封材料60C防止氧化劑流進入耗用燃料歧管 19。通過軸向歧管之氧化劑的流動路徑由實線黑箭頭26A緣 示，而通過氧化劑電池單元的流動路徑由實線黑箭頭26b ^ 示。 燃料反應劑經由燃料歧管18而引導至電化學轉換器1〇， 燃料歧管18係由板的對準孔24、34與24,形成。纟然料引導至 反應劑流動通路，且分佈於互聯板30B底部上方，及電解質 板20的燃料電極塗層20B上方。附帶地，密封材料6〇a防止 車則入氧化反應劑進入反應劑泥動通路而與純燃料/耗用燃料 反應劑混合物混合。在耗用燃料歧管19無任何密封材料可 允許耗用燃料進入歧管19。接著，燃料沿著互聯板3〇的環 形邊緣3 1A而排放。燃料反應劑的流動路徑由實線黑箭頭 26C繪示。 互聯表面的旋滿40具有一頂點40A，其在組合時接觸電解 質板，以在其間建立電連接。 各種導電材料可以用於本發明的薄電導體板。此材料必 須滿足下列要求：（1)鬲強度及導電與導熱；（2)直到工作 溫度之良好的抗氧化力；（3)與輸入反應劑的化學相容性及 穩疋性’及（4)形成反應劑泥動通路所示範之紋理板時的製 造經濟性。 用於互聯板製造的適當材料包含鎳合金、鎳鉻合金、鍊 鉻鐵合金、鐵絡銘合金、鉑合金、此類合金的金屬陶瓷及 -30- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） -.l· 111-------·裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂.. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 ^/285497285 V. Description of the invention (27) Above the top of 30A and 20A above the surface of the oxidant electrode. Then, the consumed oxidant flows radially outward toward the periphery 3A, and is finally discharged along the periphery of the converter element. The sealing material 60C prevents the oxidant flow from entering the depleted fuel manifold 19. The flow path of the oxidant through the axial manifold is shown by the solid line black arrow 26A, and the flow path through the oxidant battery cell is shown by the solid black arrow 26b. The fuel reactant is guided to the electrochemical converter 10 via the fuel manifold 18, which is formed by the alignment holes 24, 34, and 24 of the plate. The material is guided to the reagent flow path, and is distributed above the bottom of the interconnecting plate 30B and above the fuel electrode coating 20B of the electrolyte plate 20. Incidentally, the sealing material 60a prevents the vehicle from entering the oxidation reactant into the reactant mud passage and mixing with the pure fuel / consumption fuel reactant mixture. The absence of any sealing material in the depleted fuel manifold 19 allows the depleted fuel to enter the manifold 19. Then, the fuel is discharged along the annular edge 31A of the interconnecting plate 30. The flow path of the fuel reactant is shown by a solid black arrow 26C. The spin-over 40 of the interconnecting surface has an apex 40A that contacts the electrolytic plate during assembly to establish an electrical connection therebetween. Various conductive materials can be used for the thin electrical conductor plate of the present invention. This material must meet the following requirements: (1) 鬲 strength and electrical and thermal conductivity; (2) good oxidation resistance up to operating temperature; (3) chemical compatibility and stability with input reactants' and (4) ) Manufacturing economy when forming the textured plate demonstrated by the reactant mud moving path. Appropriate materials for the manufacture of interconnect boards include nickel alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, chrome-iron alloys, iron alloys, platinum alloys, cermets of such alloys, and -30- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) -.l · 111 ------- · install --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order: Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ / 285
諸如氧化锆或氧化鋁、碳化矽與二矽化鉬耐火材料。 互聯板頂部與底部的紋理圖案可藉由，例如，以一戈 多組匹配的陽與陰模具沖壓金屬合金板而獲得。模具L佳 馬依據互聯板之所欲的構造預先製造，且可藉由熱處理而 硬化，以忍受重複的壓縮作用與大量生產及高操作溫度。 用於互聯板的沖壓形成過程較佳爲以複數步驟進行，其原 因爲氣體通道網路的幾何複雜性，例如，旋渦形互聯板表 面。形成於互聯板中的歧管較佳爲在最後步驟沖孔。建議 在連續步驟之間進行溫度退火，以防止板材料過度受壓。 沖壓方法能生產幾何形狀改變及複雜的物品，並維持均勾 的材料厚度。 替代地，可使用一組適當罩幕，藉由在一起初平坦的金 屬板上電澱積而形成浪形互聯板。碳化矽互聯板可藉由蒸 氣澱積於預先形成的基材上、藉由燒結黏合粉末、或藉由 自黏合過程而形成。 氧化與燃料反應劑較佳爲在進入電化學轉換器以前，預 熱至一適當溫度。此預熱可由任何適當加熱結構執行，諸 如復熱性熱X換為或％射熱交換器，以將反應劑加熱至一 溫度，足以減少施加到轉換器之熱應力數量。 本發明之一顯著特性係，繪示於圖1與12-17的複合動力 系統以超過任何先前習知的系統效率操作。本發明之另一 顯著特性係，延伸加熱表面3 1〇與3 1C將氧化劑與燃料歧管 1 7與1 8中所含有的反應劑加熱至轉換器的操作溫度。特別 地’突起至氧化劑歧管17中之延伸表面3 1D將氧化反應劑加 -31 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) »裝Refractories such as zirconia or alumina, silicon carbide and molybdenum disilicide. The texture pattern on the top and bottom of the interconnect board can be obtained, for example, by stamping a metal alloy plate with a pair of matched male and female dies. The mold L Jiama is pre-manufactured according to the desired structure of the interconnect board and can be hardened by heat treatment to endure repeated compression and mass production and high operating temperatures. The stamping process for interconnecting plates is preferably performed in multiple steps because of the geometrical complexity of the network of gas channels, such as the surface of a swirling interconnecting plate. The manifold formed in the interconnect plate is preferably punched in the last step. Temperature annealing is recommended between successive steps to prevent excessive stress on the plate material. The stamping method can produce articles with changing geometries and complexities, while maintaining uniform material thickness. Alternatively, a suitable set of masks can be used to form a wave-shaped interconnect board by electrodeposition together on an initially flat metal board. Silicon carbide interconnects can be formed by vapor deposition on a pre-formed substrate, by sintering adhesive powders, or by a self-adhesive process. The oxidation and fuel reactants are preferably preheated to a suitable temperature before entering the electrochemical converter. This preheating can be performed by any suitable heating structure, such as replacing the reheating heat X with or a% injection heat exchanger to heat the reactants to a temperature sufficient to reduce the amount of thermal stress applied to the converter. One significant feature of the present invention is that the hybrid power system shown in Figs. 1 and 12-17 operates at a higher efficiency than any previously known system. Another notable characteristic of the present invention is that the extended heating surfaces 3 10 and 3 1C heat the oxidant and the reactants contained in the fuel manifolds 17 and 18 to the operating temperature of the converter. In particular, the protrusion surface extending into the oxidant manifold 17 1D will add the oxidation reaction agent -31-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇X 297 public love) (Please read the note on the back first (Please fill in this page for matters) »
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7
丁 請 先 閱 讀 背 δ 之 注 意 事 項 再 填 寫 本 頁D Please read the notes of δ before writing this page.
裝Hold
II
497285497285
五、發明說明（30 ) 特殊配置係又合燃料電池與熱控制堆疊，以形成單一集合 單元，以達成所欲的熱管理。此配置可以形成矩形或六角 形圖案，或任何適當的二度空間或三度空間配置。例如， 如圖19A-19E所示，電化學轉換器系統72的部件，諸如燃料 電池112與熱控制堆疊116，可係四邊形配置，諸如圖與 14B所示的正方形或矩形叉合配置。替代地，電化學轉換器 系統72的邵件可以配置成六角形，如圖14C_ 14£所示。前述 叉合配置只是可以使用之各種配置的例子。專精於此技藝 的人也可了解，雖然燃料電池及熱控制堆疊繪示成圓柱 形，但也可以係其他形狀。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 依據一實施例，如圖8所示，熱控制堆疊116可以形成具 有多孔性結構28的等溫結構（熱交換器）27，其自它的環境 (例如，自附近的燃料電池）接收輻射熱。諸如氧化反應劑 的工作流體44在一内通路或貯存器42中流動，且可自一内 表面28A徑向向外滲透至外面28B。工作流體44可以由任何 適當結構收集，諸如壓力容器丨2〇，且可輸送到複合動力系 統70的其他部分。爲了確保工作流體44流速的軸向與方位 均句性，當工作泥體滲透通過結構2 8時，徑向壓力降維持 爲大致上大於當工作流體44流動通過貯存器42時的壓力。 一内流動分佈管可以安裝在結構28中，以增加流動均勻 性。工作流體44也可以自任一軸向端排放。 依據另一實施例，依據本發明的熱控制堆疊也可以使用 複數導熱板，如圖9所示。熱控制堆疊29包含一系列板46， 其互相上下堆疊，如所示。板46可由任何適當導熱材料形 -33-5. Description of the invention (30) The special configuration is a combination of a fuel cell and a thermal control stack to form a single integrated unit to achieve the desired thermal management. This configuration can form a rectangular or hexagonal pattern, or any suitable second or third degree configuration. For example, as shown in FIGS. 19A-19E, the components of the electrochemical converter system 72, such as the fuel cell 112 and the thermal control stack 116, may be in a quadrilateral configuration, such as a square or rectangular cross-over configuration as shown in FIGS. 14B. Alternatively, the components of the electrochemical converter system 72 may be configured in a hexagonal shape, as shown in Figs. 14C-14. The foregoing cross-connect configuration is only an example of various configurations that can be used. Those skilled in the art will also understand that although fuel cells and thermal control stacks are shown as cylindrical, other shapes can be used. According to an embodiment, printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, as shown in FIG. 8, the thermally controlled stack 116 may form an isothermal structure (heat exchanger) 27 having a porous structure 28. , Receiving radiant heat from a nearby fuel cell). A working fluid 44 such as an oxidation reagent flows in an inner passage or reservoir 42 and can penetrate radially outwardly from an inner surface 28A to an outer surface 28B. The working fluid 44 may be collected by any suitable structure, such as a pressure vessel 20, and may be delivered to other parts of the hybrid power system 70. In order to ensure the uniformity of the axial and azimuth directions of the velocity of the working fluid 44 when the working mud penetrates through the structure 28, the radial pressure drop is maintained to be substantially greater than the pressure when the working fluid 44 flows through the reservoir 42. An internal flow distribution tube may be installed in the structure 28 to increase flow uniformity. The working fluid 44 may be discharged from either axial end. According to another embodiment, the thermally controlled stack according to the present invention may also use a plurality of thermally conductive plates, as shown in FIG. 9. The thermal control stack 29 includes a series of plates 46 stacked on top of each other as shown. The plate 46 may be shaped from any suitable thermally conductive material -33-
、發明說明 流鱗^如鎳與傳統上使用於燃料電池的其他材料。-中央 或貯存器42連接於板，而在板之間提供空間，以 乍况體44自一内表面62A流到一外表面62β。 體44液氣、s、a a、一 i彳乍流^ ，通過貯存器42，其連接板62。板62如所示大致上 狀。二形構一造，或可係任何其他適當的幾何形狀，諸如管 回9的實施例在構成等溫燃料電池的時候特 如’利用兩、丄〇口 -、 。例 動。 ％池早兀足間的間隔，可以達成反應劑的均勻流 、圖顯示熱控制堆叠25另一實施例的剖面端視圖，其用 於圖1的複合動力系統。堆疊25包含三同心管狀結構，直較 1馬在軸向相隔離，如所示。内腔64具有複數通路66了其 延，於—套筒或管68的内面68A與外面68B之間。一多孔性 套筒結構28環繞内管68，且具有一内表面28八與一外表面 細。内表面28A緊密面接觸於内管68的外表面，俾使橫向 I路66與夕孔性套筒28流體連通。橫向通路係等間隔。 一外管69或壁元件配置在多孔性套筒28與内管68周圍， 以形成大致上爲共軸的幾何形狀。外管69具有一内表面69A 與一外表面69B。内管68的内腔形成一長形中央通路64，其 充當用於工作流體44的貯存器，如圖u所示。外管的内表 面69A與多孔性套筒外面28B形成一長形第二通路67，其大 致上平行於中央通路64。 内管68與外管69較佳爲由相同的材料製成，諸如金屬或 陶资。多孔性套筒結構28可以係陶资，且用於使工作流體 的流動自内腔擴散至外腔。 -34 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝 訂·- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 , B7_ 五、發明說明（32 ) 參考圖1 1，工作流體44流動通過長形中央腔或通路64， 其充當貯存器，且沿著一縱向軸線4 1延伸。當工作流體44 流動通過貯存器64的時候，迫使工作流體通過橫向通路 6 6。套筒2 8位在橫向通路6 6上方，以接收流動通過通路6 6 之該部分的工作流體44。工作流體44徑向向外滲透通過多 孔性套筒28，進入外腔67，流體在該處由一外部熱源-例 如，燃料電池總成或需要冷卻的其他系統-加熱，或由其他 〜 結構冷卻。容納於外腔67中的工作流體44沿著外管69的内 -表面流動，且吸收自外表面69B傳導至彼的熱。外管的外表 面69B可藉由安置成與燃料電池總成112直接接觸，或藉由 徑向耦合至燃料電池112而加熱。工作流體44之沿著外管69 内表面69A的分佈使熱有效傳遞於工作流體44與外部環境之 間。藉由沿著内管68選擇性隔離橫向通路66，則收集在第 二通路67内的工作流體44維持等溫。沿著内表面69A之等溫 工作流體44的均勻分佈沿著外管的外表面69B產生等溫狀 況，通路尺寸與間隔依外管69與内管68的直徑而定。 以上説明將熱控制堆疊25描述爲如同散熱器而操作。專 精於此技藝的人可知，熱控制堆疊25也可以如同一熱源而 操作。例如，工作流體44可包括一加熱流體，而非冷卻 劑。當加熱流體流動通過貯存器34時，熱自外管外表面69B 傳遞到外部環境。 也必須了解，利用類似結構，其使反應劑沿著一燃料電 池堆疊的長度而均勻分佈，也可以應用本發明的原則，以 構建等溫燃料電池（及其他電化學轉換器）。可以調節堆疊 -35- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ΗΓ衣 訂* - 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 Α7 - Β7 五、發明說明（33) 整體的溫度，而需要的時候，使其等溫。 鑑於此處的敎海，熱控制堆疊的其他實施例係專精於此 技藝的人顯而易知的，且包含利用一中空多孔性汽缸，其 中配置各種形狀的表面結構。表面結構可以由金屬或陶瓷 構成，且多孔性汽缸可由任何適當材料構成，包含絲線篩 孑L 篩子（wire mesh screen) 〇 再參考圖1 ’於燃料電池1丨2起動操作的時候，熱控制堆 疊116如同電化學轉換器系統72的起動加熱器而操作。爲了 使複合動力系統70的起動操作啓始，氣體渦輪機總成74的 壓縮機76由一獨立的馬達（未顯示）或充當馬達的發電機引 動。通過壓縮機的空氣84最後引導至熱控制堆疊116，且排 放至壓力容姦120内郅。來自壓力容器的廢氣124通過燃燒 器144，於引導至氣體渦輪機總成74或熱交換器88以前，在 該處進一步加熱。空氣通過熱控制堆疊116之後，一適當的 燃料引導至熱控制堆疊丨16，如圖丨所繪示。空氣與熱控制 堆疊116的燃料輸入由控制器ι4〇控制，以獲得規定的燃料 電池加熱速率，諸如25〇°C /小時。熱控制堆疊！ 16產生的放 熱用於加熱相鄰的燃料電池丨12。熱控制堆疊將燃料電池 112加熱，直到它到達燃料自燃溫度爲止。需要的時候，複 合動力系統70可以維持在此熱等待模式，直到需要使燃料 電池到達適當的操作溫度爲止。 技制备14〇可以繼續調整引導至熱控制堆疊11 6的燃料與 二氣及燃燒备144的操作，以連續加熱燃料電池η 2到達或 接近其操作溫度。一旦燃料電池丨12到達接近正常或操作溫 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Description of the invention Flow scales such as nickel and other materials traditionally used in fuel cells. -The center or reservoir 42 is connected to the plates while providing space between the plates so that the body 44 flows from an inner surface 62A to an outer surface 62β. The body 44 liquid, gas, s, a a, and a flow of fluid pass through the reservoir 42 and its connection plate 62. The plate 62 is substantially shaped as shown. The bimorph construction can be made, or it can be any other suitable geometric shape, such as the embodiment of the tube 9 when constructing an isothermal fuel cell, such as ′ using two, 丄 〇 口-,. Routine. The interval between the early pools of the% pool can achieve a uniform flow of reactants. The figure shows a sectional end view of another embodiment of the thermal control stack 25, which is used in the composite power system of FIG. Stack 25 contains three concentric tubular structures that are axially isolated from one horse as shown. The inner cavity 64 has a plurality of passages 66 extending between the inner surface 68A and the outer surface 68B of the sleeve or tube 68. A porous sleeve structure 28 surrounds the inner tube 68 and has an inner surface 28 and a thin outer surface. The inner surface 28A is in close contact with the outer surface of the inner tube 68, so that the lateral I-channel 66 is in fluid communication with the porous sleeve 28. The transverse pathways are equally spaced. An outer tube 69 or wall element is disposed around the porous sleeve 28 and the inner tube 68 to form a substantially coaxial geometry. The outer tube 69 has an inner surface 69A and an outer surface 69B. The inner cavity of the inner tube 68 forms an elongated central passage 64, which acts as a reservoir for the working fluid 44, as shown in Figure u. The inner surface 69A of the outer tube and the outer surface 28B of the porous sleeve form an elongated second passage 67 that is substantially parallel to the central passage 64. The inner tube 68 and the outer tube 69 are preferably made of the same material, such as metal or ceramic. The porous sleeve structure 28 may be ceramic and is used to diffuse the flow of the working fluid from the inner cavity to the outer cavity. -34 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) _Binding ·-Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Consumer Cooperatives, Printing Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 497285 A7, B7_ V. Description of the invention (32) Referring to FIG. 1, the working fluid 44 flows through the elongated central cavity or passage 64, which acts as a reservoir and along a longitudinal axis 4 1 extend. When the working fluid 44 flows through the reservoir 64, the working fluid is forced through the lateral passage 66. The sleeve 2 is positioned above the lateral passage 66 to receive the working fluid 44 flowing through the portion of the passage 66. The working fluid 44 penetrates radially outward through the porous sleeve 28 and enters the outer cavity 67 where the fluid is heated by an external heat source-for example, a fuel cell assembly or other system requiring cooling-or cooled by other ~ structures . The working fluid 44 contained in the outer cavity 67 flows along the inner-surface of the outer tube 69, and absorbs the heat conducted to the other from the outer surface 69B. The outer surface 69B of the outer tube may be heated by being placed in direct contact with the fuel cell assembly 112, or by being radially coupled to the fuel cell 112. The distribution of the working fluid 44 along the inner surface 69A of the outer tube 69 allows heat to be efficiently transferred between the working fluid 44 and the external environment. By selectively isolating the lateral passage 66 along the inner tube 68, the working fluid 44 collected in the second passage 67 is maintained isothermal. The uniform distribution of the isothermal working fluid 44 along the inner surface 69A creates an isothermal condition along the outer surface 69B of the outer tube. The size and spacing of the passages depend on the diameter of the outer tube 69 and the inner tube 68. The above description describes the thermal control stack 25 as operating as a heat sink. Those skilled in the art know that the thermal control stack 25 can also be operated as the same heat source. For example, the working fluid 44 may include a heating fluid instead of a coolant. When the heating fluid flows through the reservoir 34, heat is transferred from the outer surface 69B of the outer tube to the external environment. It must also be understood that with similar structures that allow the reactants to be evenly distributed along the length of a fuel cell stack, the principles of the present invention can also be applied to construct isothermal fuel cells (and other electrochemical converters). You can adjust the stacking -35- This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Cooperative printed 497285 Α7-Β7 V. Description of the invention (33) The overall temperature, if necessary, make it isothermal. In view of the Erhai Lake here, other embodiments of the thermal control stack are obvious to those skilled in the art, and include the use of a hollow porous cylinder in which various shapes of surface structures are arranged. The surface structure can be made of metal or ceramic, and the porous cylinder can be made of any suitable material, including a wire mesh screen 孑 L screen (wire mesh screen) 〇Reference to Figure 1 'At the start of fuel cell 1 丨 2, thermally controlled stacking 116 operates as a start-up heater of the electrochemical converter system 72. To initiate the start-up operation of the hybrid power system 70, the compressor 76 of the gas turbine assembly 74 is driven by a separate motor (not shown) or a generator serving as a motor. The air 84 passing through the compressor is finally directed to the thermal control stack 116 and discharged into the pressure container 120. The exhaust gas 124 from the pressure vessel passes through the burner 144 and is further heated there before being directed to the gas turbine assembly 74 or the heat exchanger 88. After the air passes through the thermal control stack 116, an appropriate fuel is directed to the thermal control stack 16 as shown in FIG. Air and heat control The fuel input to the stack 116 is controlled by the controller ι40 to obtain a prescribed fuel cell heating rate, such as 25 ° C / hour. Thermally controlled stacking! The heat generated by 16 is used to heat adjacent fuel cells. The thermally controlled stack heats the fuel cell 112 until it reaches the fuel's autoignition temperature. When needed, the hybrid power system 70 may be maintained in this hot standby mode until the fuel cell needs to reach the proper operating temperature. The technical preparation 14 can continue to adjust the operation of the fuel, the second gas, and the burner 144 guided to the thermal control stack 116 to continuously heat the fuel cell η 2 to or near its operating temperature. Once the fuel cell 丨 12 reaches near normal or operating temperature (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
-36--36-
五、發明說明（34 ) 度的溫度，典型上爲1000。(：，將燃料85與空氣84引導至燃 料私'也泛以產生所需要的動力輸出。-旦電化學轉換器系 統72在操作，則供應到熱控制堆疊的燃料可以終止，並原 因爲熱控制堆疊不再如同熱源而操作。藉由僅使空氣通過 在此接合處的堆疊，熱控制堆疊可以藉由自燃料電池ιΐ2移 除廢熱’以如同熱收集器或散熱器而操作。 如上述，所繪示的電化學轉換器系統以生高溫廢氣， 其引導至氣體渦輪機總成74的渦輪膨脹機78。渦輪膨脹機 78使高溫燃料電池廢氣絕熱膨脹，然後產生渦輪機廢氣， 以由複合動力系統70接續使用。渦輪機將驅動氣體的熱能 轉換爲轉動能量，其則使發電機8〇的軸85轉動，以產生交 流電。此電可與電化學轉換器系統72產生的電結合，以接 續用於商業或居住的用途。 在穩定狀態操作期間，初級空氣供應84循序通過壓縮機 76及-需要的時候-熱交換器88，進入燃料電池丨^，接著引 ^至氣體滿輪機總成74。然後，自周圍環境驅除滿輪機廢 氣，或排出至周圍環境。爲了達成一或更多系統部件之所 選擇的操作控制與溫度調節，控制器14〇可引動一或更多流 體_節裝置，以調節複合動力系統7〇的一或更多操作來 數。例如，可以控制流體調節元件1〇〇與1〇4，以允許選擇 數目的空氣通過熱控制堆疊丨16，以進行燃料電池丨12的溫 度調節。此外，可引動流體調節裝置1〇8，以在引導至氣體 渦輪機總成74以前，使通過導管107之相對冷的空氣與通過 導官124之高溫廢氣混合。控制混合的冷與熱廢氣數量允許 -37· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21G X 297公爱） 497285 五、發明說明（35) 以一選擇的程度控制一或更多參數 、 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 7 4之、局輪膨服機7 8的動力幹出、、氣組’尚輪機總成 控制流體調節裝置108使複合動或廢虱溫度。因此，選擇性 機總成74之溫度。 力力系統70能夠調節氣體渦輪 依據所繪示系統70的另—操 流體調裝置142，以排出電化學哭器140可以引動 部廢棄。藉由控制流體調節裝 Z，、、充72的某些或全 鉍_ _ & 142，系統達成對於氣體渦 輪機、，心成741速率或功率輸出的有效控制。5. Description of the invention The temperature of (34) degrees is typically 1000. (: Directing the fuel 85 and air 84 to the fuel cell is also common to generate the required power output.-Once the electrochemical converter system 72 is in operation, the fuel supplied to the thermal control stack can be terminated due to heat. The control stack no longer operates as a heat source. By simply passing air through the stack at this junction, the thermal control stack can operate like a heat collector or radiator by removing waste heat from the fuel cell 2 ′. As mentioned above, The illustrated electrochemical converter system generates high-temperature exhaust gas, which is directed to a turbo expander 78 of a gas turbine assembly 74. The turbo expander 78 adiabatically expands high-temperature fuel cell exhaust gas, and then generates turbine exhaust gas to generate a composite power system 70 is used continuously. The turbine converts the thermal energy of the driving gas into rotational energy, which rotates the shaft 85 of the generator 80 to generate alternating current. This electricity can be combined with the electricity generated by the electrochemical converter system 72 to be continuously used for Commercial or residential use. During steady state operation, the primary air supply 84 passes through the compressor 76 and-when needed-the heat exchanger 88, into the Into the fuel cell, and then lead to the gas full-turbine assembly 74. Then, exhaust the full-turbine exhaust gas from the surrounding environment, or discharge to the surrounding environment. In order to achieve the selected operation control and temperature adjustment of one or more system components The controller 14 can actuate one or more fluid_node devices to adjust one or more operations of the hybrid power system 70. For example, the fluid regulating elements 100 and 104 can be controlled to allow selection A number of air passes through the thermal control stack 16 for the fuel cell 12 temperature adjustment. In addition, a fluid conditioning device 108 may be activated to direct the relatively cold air passing through the duct 107 before being directed to the gas turbine assembly 74. The air is mixed with the high-temperature exhaust gas passing through the guide 124. Controlling the amount of mixed cold and hot exhaust gas allows -37 · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21G X 297 public love) 497285 V. Description of invention (35) Control one or more parameters to a selected degree, (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 7 4 of the power dry out of the local expansion machine 7 8 It controls the temperature of the fluid regulating device 108 to make the compound move or waste lice temperature. Therefore, the temperature of the selective machine assembly 74. The force system 70 can regulate the gas turbine to operate the fluid regulating device 142 according to the illustrated system 70 to discharge. The electrochemical cryostat 140 can be discarded by the drive unit. By controlling some or all of the bismuth __ & 142, the system achieves an effective rate of 741 or power output for the gas turbine. control.
專精於此技藝的人又可了鉉 L f解’對於燃料電池u2之動力輸 出的額外控制可以藉由調節空氣或燃料輸入反應劑的㈣ 而達成。此獲得整體複合動力系、統之廣大動態範圍的控 制。燃料隸制燃料電池的動力輸出，並且維持等操作溫 度。此外，藉由控制旁通於電化學轉換器系統72的空氣數 f ’系統70控制氣體渦輪機與與燃料電池的功率輸出。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 藉由使滿輪機廢氣通過熱交換器8 8，以收回存在於渦輪 機廢氣中的熱能，系統也可以如同高效率系統而操作。渦 輪機廢氣中的熱能將通過熱交換器的反應劑預熱。例如， 藉由回收存在於渦輪機廢氣中的廢熱，使空氣84通過熱交 換器88而將空氣預熱。流體調節裝置96也可以由控制器14〇 控制，以判定通過流體導管90的某些或全部空氣待由熱交 換器88預熱。 離開電化學轉換器系統72且通過流體調節裝置142的廢氣 可以由一選擇性次級燃燒器14 4進一步加熱’其沿著流體導 管124而配置。次級燃燒器144進一步加熱廢氣’以提供一 38 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） 497285 A7 -------—— B7___ 五、發明說明（36 ) 驅動氣體，其付合氣體滿輪機總成74的輸入溫度需求。 氣體漏輪機總成74產±的满輪機廢氣進一步引導至一流 體調節裝置i48,其配置於流體導管146中。流體調節裝置 職節通過氣體漏輪機總成74之流體導管(糊輪機廢 氣數量。例如，流體調節裝置148調節驅動氣體的數量，驅 動氣體係旁通於滿輪膨脹機，且可與滿輪機廢氣混合。 流體調節裝置150與154可以由控制器14〇控制，以調節引 導至熱交換器88<渦輪機廢氣的數量。以此方式，控制器 140可以控制通過熱交換器88之空氣溫度，因此控制燃料^ 池112的溫度。流體調節裝置154又調節外部流體的數量， 其可引導至通過熱交換器的流體，以提供對於空氣反應劑 之額外程度的溫度控制。系統可以控制空氣反應劑的溫 度，因而控制燃料電池112的動力。相反地，流體調節裝置 1刈或154可以調節離開熱交換器88之渦輪機廢氣的數量， 其係引導或排出至周圍環境。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Those skilled in this art can also understand that the additional control of the power output of the fuel cell u2 by the L f solution can be achieved by adjusting the air or fuel input reactant ㈣. This gains control of the overall composite powertrain and the vast dynamic range of the system. The fuel controls the power output of the fuel cell and maintains an isothermal operating temperature. In addition, the power output of the gas turbine and the fuel cell is controlled by controlling the number of air f 'systems bypassing the electrochemical converter system 72. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs By passing full turbine exhaust gas through a heat exchanger 88 to recover the thermal energy existing in the turbine exhaust gas, the system can also operate as a high-efficiency system. The thermal energy in the turbine exhaust will preheat the reactants passing through the heat exchanger. For example, the air 84 is preheated by passing heat 84 through a heat exchanger 88 by recovering the waste heat present in the turbine exhaust gas. The fluid regulating device 96 may also be controlled by the controller 14 to determine that some or all of the air passing through the fluid conduit 90 is to be preheated by the heat exchanger 88. The exhaust gas leaving the electrochemical converter system 72 and passing through the fluid regulating device 142 may be further heated by a selective secondary burner 14 4 'which is disposed along the fluid conduit 124. The secondary burner 144 further heats the exhaust gas to provide a 38 paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 497285 A7 ----------- B7___ V. Description of the invention (36 ) Driving gas, its input temperature requirements for gas full turbine assembly 74. The full turbine exhaust gas produced by the gas leak turbine assembly 74 is further guided to the first-class body regulating device i48, which is arranged in the fluid conduit 146. The fluid regulating device section passes the fluid duct of the gas leak turbine assembly 74 (the amount of exhaust gas from the turbine. For example, the fluid regulating device 148 regulates the amount of driving gas, and the driving gas system is bypassed to the full-wheel expander, and it can communicate with the full-turbine exhaust gas. The fluid regulating devices 150 and 154 may be controlled by the controller 14 to regulate the amount of exhaust gas guided to the heat exchanger 88. In this way, the controller 140 may control the temperature of the air passing through the heat exchanger 88, and thus control The temperature of the fuel tank 112. The fluid regulating device 154 in turn regulates the amount of external fluid, which can be directed to the fluid passing through the heat exchanger to provide an additional degree of temperature control of the air reactant. The system can control the temperature of the air reactant Therefore, the power of the fuel cell 112 is controlled. On the contrary, the fluid regulating device 1 刈 or 154 can regulate the amount of exhaust gas from the turbine leaving the heat exchanger 88, which is guided or discharged to the surrounding environment. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
專精於此技藝的人可以了解，電化學轉換器系統72，特 別是燃料電池H2,可以充當用於氣體漏輪機總成”的蜾燒 器。然而，本發明也思及替代實施例，其中氣體源輪機總 成74可以包含一替代的燃燒器及/或—復熱器，以作爲氣體 渦輪機總成之一部分。在氣體渦輪機總成74包含它本身的 内燃機之系統設計時，需要不同的起動程序，以引動複合 動力系統70。例如，氣體滿輪機總成74可以由任何適當^ 起動馬達（未顯示）引動。所以，壓縮機76可以建立通過氣 m渦輪機總成的2氣流。然後，氣體渦輪機的燃燒器接受 -39- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 497285 A7 B7Those skilled in the art will understand that the electrochemical converter system 72, and in particular the fuel cell H2, can serve as a burner for a gas leak turbine assembly. "However, the present invention also contemplates alternative embodiments in which The gas source turbine assembly 74 may include an alternative burner and / or reheater as part of the gas turbine assembly. When the gas turbine assembly 74 includes its own internal combustion engine system design, different starting requirements are required The program to activate the hybrid power system 70. For example, the gas full turbine assembly 74 may be initiated by any suitable ^ starter motor (not shown). So, the compressor 76 may establish 2 airflows through the gas m turbine assembly. Then, the gas Turbine burner acceptance -39- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 497285 A7 B7
五、發明說明（37 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 燃料，其依據規足的加熱速率而與空氣反應。一流體調節 元件，諸如轉向閥，可以安置在氣體渦輪機總成復熱器的 出口，以漸漸引導加熱的空氣至電化學轉換器系統72的熱 控制堆疊116。熱控制堆疊116的構造亦可自燃料來源接受 燃料，且將接近它的操作溫度之燃料電池112預熱。此替代 系統的配置之剩餘的操作功能相同於圖1所示及説明的複合 動力系統。 專精於此技藝的人也可以了解，流體調節裝置之任何選 擇的組合可以设於所纟會示的複合動力系統7 〇中。結果，每 一流體調節裝置及/或流體通路可以視爲一選擇性特徵或系 統之一部分。 專精於此技藝的人也可以了解，燃料電池丨丨2的溫度可以 由在複合動力系統中流動之所選擇的流體控制。特別地， 當通過一中間復熱咨時，燃料電池溫度可由離開壓縮機與 氣體渦輪機總成的流體控制。於是，可以實施不同的加熱 方法，以控制或調節一或更多操作參數，諸如燃料電池的 溫度及/或動力輸出。例如，如果最大的燃料電池冷卻係所 欲者’則離開壓縮機的流體可以旁通於復熱器，且直接引 導至燃料電池。以此方式，不發生壓縮流體的預熱。 依據另一加熱方法，較冷的壓縮流體旁通於復熱器，且 引導至熱控制堆®。熱控制堆疊的操作可冷卻燃料電池， 如上述。 依據另一加熱方法，若干百分比的壓縮流體旁通於復熱 器，且引導至熱控制堆疊（諸如50%)，剩餘的流體通過復 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ί.V. Description of the Invention (37) The employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs have printed fuel, which reacts with the air according to a sufficient heating rate. A fluid regulating element, such as a steering valve, may be positioned at the outlet of the gas turbine assembly reheater to gradually direct the heated air to the thermal control stack 116 of the electrochemical converter system 72. The configuration of the thermal control stack 116 may also receive fuel from a fuel source and preheat the fuel cell 112 near its operating temperature. The remaining operational functions of the configuration of this alternative system are the same as those of the hybrid power system shown and described in FIG. Those skilled in the art will also understand that any selected combination of fluid regulating devices may be provided in the hybrid power system 7 shown below. As a result, each fluid regulating device and / or fluid pathway can be considered as an optional feature or part of the system. Those skilled in the art can also understand that the temperature of the fuel cell 2 can be controlled by the selected fluid flowing in the hybrid power system. In particular, the fuel cell temperature can be controlled by the fluid leaving the compressor and the gas turbine assembly when passing through an intermediate reheating cycle. Thus, different heating methods may be implemented to control or adjust one or more operating parameters, such as the temperature and / or power output of the fuel cell. For example, if the largest fuel cell cooling system is desired, the fluid leaving the compressor can bypass the reheater and be directed directly to the fuel cell. In this way, no warm-up of the compressed fluid occurs. According to another heating method, the cooler compressed fluid bypasses the reheater and is directed to the Thermal Control Reactor®. Operation of the thermally controlled stack can cool the fuel cell, as described above. According to another heating method, a certain percentage of the compressed fluid is bypassed to the reheater and directed to a thermal control stack (such as 50%), and the remaining fluid passes through the reheater (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ί.
-40--40-
五、發明說明（38) 為咨’然後引導至燃料電池。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 抑依據再另一加熱方法，大部分或全部壓縮流體通過復熱 备，在孩處加熱，然後引導至燃料電池或熱控制堆疊。替 代地，於引導至氣體渦輪機總成以前，若干百分比的預熱 流體可以引導至燃料電池，而剩餘者引導至一次級加熱 源，諸如燃燒器。專精於此技藝的人可以了解，流體加熱 在後者之方法發生。 圖12繪示圖1之複合動力系統之一替代實施例。所繪示的 複合動力系統200控制氣體渦輪機總成193的動力輸出。此 實施例的説明在某些方面類似於上述系統7〇。系統2〇〇引導 2氣190自一空氣源經由任何適當的流體導管到達壓縮機 192 ’在該處壓縮、加壓及加熱，然後自彼排出。加熱、加 壓的空氣可以由流體導管202引導至一熱交換器206，諸如 復熱器，在該處由來自氣體渦輪機總成193排出的廢氣預 熱，更詳細説明如下。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 燃料208在選擇性通過熱交換器206以後，可以引導至一 電化學轉換器系統212，它在該處亦由氣體渦輪機廢氣預 熱。加熱的空氣190與燃料208充當輸入反應劑，且經由適 當歧管引導至一電化學轉換器系統212。電化學轉換器系統 212可相同於圖1的電化學轉換器系統72。電化學轉換器系 統212處理燃料與氧化反應劑，且以一操作模式產生電及關 聯於高溫廢氣的廢熱。此電係直流電，其可由一交流發電 機（未顯示）轉換爲交流電。電化學轉換器系統2丨2產生的廢 氣由一適當的流體導管或歧管214耦合-且選擇性直接耦合- _- 41 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）V. Description of the invention (38) is for reference 'and then leads to the fuel cell. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) According to another heating method, most or all of the compressed fluid passes through the reheating unit, is heated in the child, and then is guided to the fuel cell or thermal control stack. Alternatively, before being directed to the gas turbine assembly, a certain percentage of the preheated fluid may be directed to the fuel cell, while the remainder is directed to a secondary heating source, such as a burner. Those skilled in the art will understand that fluid heating occurs in the latter method. FIG. 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the hybrid power system of FIG. 1. The illustrated hybrid power system 200 controls the power output of the gas turbine assembly 193. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to the system 70 described above. System 200 directs 2 gas 190 from a source of air through any suitable fluid conduit to compressor 192 'where it is compressed, pressurized, and heated, and then discharged from each other. The heated, pressurized air may be directed from the fluid conduit 202 to a heat exchanger 206, such as a reheater, where it is preheated by exhaust gas from the gas turbine assembly 193, as described in more detail below. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the fuel 208, after selective passage through the heat exchanger 206, can be directed to an electrochemical converter system 212, where it is also preheated by the gas turbine exhaust. The heated air 190 and fuel 208 act as input reactants and are directed to an electrochemical converter system 212 via a suitable manifold. The electrochemical converter system 212 may be the same as the electrochemical converter system 72 of FIG. The electrochemical converter system 212 processes fuel and oxidation reagents and generates electricity and waste heat associated with high temperature exhaust gas in an operating mode. This electricity is DC, which can be converted into AC by an AC generator (not shown). The exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 2 丨 2 is coupled by an appropriate fluid conduit or manifold 214-and selectively directly coupled-_-41-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) %)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 至氣體渦輪膨胳播，Λ, 、 服機196。渦輪膨脹機196使電化學轉換器系 統產生的廢翁0 Jbl 4· «τ J贗虱圪熱膨脹，且將此熱能轉換爲轉動能量，以 便:後傳送至發電機198。發電機198產生電，其可用於商 業住〈用途。在此配置中，電化學轉換器系統212充當 用於氣㈤/肖‘機總成丨93的燃燒器，而氣體滿輪觸底 循環機。 予I換备系統2 12充當氣體滿輪燃燒器之一利益 在於轉換為系統充當額外的發電機。所繪示的電連接222 自系統212擷取電。氣體渦輪機與發電機部件係此技藝所習 知者，且係商業上可用者。專精於此技藝的人易於了解-特 別是鑑於此說明與繪示_電化學轉換器與氣體渦輪機耦合的 方式。 氣把渦‘機總成又產生熱廢氣’其可由流體歧管2 1 $捕捉 及引導，以用於接續的用途。依據一實行方式，渦輪機廢 氣通過扁X換器206。燃料208與加熱的空氣也通過熱交換 备206。與渦輪機廢氣關聯的廢熱用於在引導至電化學轉換 器系統212以前，將空氣與燃料預熱。較佳地，於進入的反 應劑與出去的廢氣間之可感測的熱交換係，俾使在氣體之 間交換的對流熱最佳化，或將某一特定數量的熱回收。例 如’與在其他情況將傳遞離開系統之廢氣關聯的廢熱由進 入的反應劑氣體吸收。效果係將至少一部分用於加熱反應 劑且載運於廢氣流中的廢熱連續回收。利用此熱交換機 構，系統損失的熱數量減少，以改進系統總效率。 電化學轉換器系統212在升高的溫度及升高的壓力操作。 -42- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂· 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_五、發明說明（40 ) 電化學轉換器較佳爲一燃料電池系統，其可包含一叉合式 熱交換器，類似於美國專利4,853, 100號所示及所述的型 式，其附於此供參考。 所繪示的電化學轉換器系統2 12可包含一燃料電池（如圖1 及5- 7所示）及一選擇性熱控制堆疊，燃料電池在一選擇的 操作溫度操作。依據一較佳實施例，燃料電池係固體氧化 物燃料電池，其操作溫度約1000°C，於是產生溫度約在此 位準的廢氣。特定氣體渦輪機，諸如小的渦輪機單元，需 要一輸入流體，其溫度低於1000°C，通常約爲900°C。於 是，此流體溫度需求指定，電化學轉換器系統212排出的高 溫廢氣調節至符合氣體渦輪機總成193之輸入溫度需求的溫 度位準。本發明藉由提供很多方法，其適於針對轉換器系 統廢氣執行所選擇程度的溫度控制，而解決溫度不符的問 題。 再參考圖12，複合動力系統200又包括複數流體調節裝置 與一控制器220，用於調節引導至系統200的燃料數量，及 調節引導至氣體渦輪機總成1 93的廢氣溫度。所繪示的複合 動力系統200包含一第一流體調節裝置204，其延展於壓縮 機流體導管202及廢氣流體導管214之間。流體調節裝置選 擇性允許一部分加熱的空氣自壓縮機192排出，以在引導至 氣體渦輪膨脹機20以前，直接攙雜或混合於電化學轉換器 系統212的再加熱廢氣。 此技藝中習知，傳統氣體渦輪機可忍受到達一特定最大 溫度之輸入工作流體。氣體渦輪機總成193可以在較低的溫 -43- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝 · .%· A7 A7 B7 五、發明說明（41 度知作’但滿輪機的動力輸出因而減少。因此，如果氣體 滿輪機 1 4 且 Q Π An i 、 ’ y〇0 L的輸入最大溫度需求，則電化學轉換器 二向/凰廢氣必頊至少冷卻至此溫度位準或更低，以符 口此氣體滿輪機操作需求。在此方案中，自壓縮機192排出 的二氣溫度典型上低於電化學轉換器系統212的廢氣溫度。 ^通闕204可由控制器22〇控制，以允許某些或全部空氣通 ，旁通導官224 ’以混合於及冷卻電化學轉換器系統212的 :溫廢氣。藉由調節與廢氣混合的空氣數量，所造成之廢 氣的流體溫度可以調整到所欲的位準。依據一實行方式， ，據使用者選擇或預先儲存的溫度狀沉，廢氣溫度調節到 最大渦輪機溫度或更低。在以上提出的例子中，來自電化 學轉換咨系統2 12的高溫廢氣可以冷卻至約9〇〇ι或更低。 再參考圖12 ’ >瓦體碉節裝置2〇4可以由任何適當的連通鏈 結耦合至一控制器220。控制器22〇可包含適當的儲存器， 其内儲存有程式指令，用於依據使用者定義或預選的序列 操作流體調節裝置204。控制器22〇可依據儲存的序列，選 擇性開啓或關閉裝置”乂允許預定數量的空氣與電化學轉 換备系統2 12產生的兩溫廢氣混合。流動通過流體調節裝置 204的空氣數量可以係電化學轉換器系統212、氣體渦輪機 總成193所欲的動力輸出、及一所欲的系統效率之函數，其 可能要求以所欲的動力輸出操作氣體渦輪機，並調節引導 至知服機1 9 6之流體數量及溫度。 所！會示的複合動力系統200又包含一燃料調整流體調節装 置21〇’其調節引導至電化學轉換器系統212的燃料數量。 •卜丨ί-------·裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •44- 497285 A7 五、發明說明（42 ) -· ^•--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 流體調節裝置21〇經由適當連通鏈結，而與控制器22〇回授 連通。控制器22〇與裝置21G調節引導至電化學轉換器系統 的燃料數量，於是調節其動力輸出，而不導致複合動力系 統200的操作溫度對應地減少。此允許電化學轉換器系統 212在最佳系統效率或接近最佳系統效率而連續操作。此 外二調“化學轉換器系統212的動力輸出使控制器22〇能 夠凋節氣體渦輪機因而調節整個系統2〇〇的動力輸出。 所繪7JT的控制器也可以耦合至空氣與燃料貯存器，以控 制傳送到複合動力系統200的空氣與燃料數量。於是，控制 器220充當用於系統的模組式計算中心，且可以各種方式程Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to the gas turbine expansion, Λ,, 196. The turboexpander 196 thermally expands the waste gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 0 Jbl 4 · «τ J 赝 圪 and converts this thermal energy into rotational energy for later transmission to the generator 198. The generator 198 generates electricity, which can be used for commercial purposes. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system 212 functions as a burner for the gas / aircraft engine assembly 93, while the gas full-wheel bottomed cycle machine. One of the benefits of replacing the system 2 12 as a gas full-wheel burner is that the conversion to the system acts as an additional generator. The electrical connections 222 shown draw power from the system 212. Gas turbine and generator components are those skilled in the art and are commercially available. It is easy to understand for those skilled in the art-especially in light of this description and the way in which the electrochemical converter is coupled to the gas turbine. The air vortex ‘machine assembly generates hot exhaust gas’, which can be captured and guided by the fluid manifold 2 1 $ for subsequent use. According to one implementation, the turbine exhaust passes through the flat X-changer 206. The fuel 208 and the heated air also pass through the heat exchange device 206. The waste heat associated with the turbine exhaust is used to preheat air and fuel before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 212. Preferably, the sensible heat exchange system between the incoming reactant and the outgoing exhaust gas optimizes the convective heat exchanged between the gases, or recovers a specific amount of heat. For example, the waste heat associated with the exhaust gas that would otherwise be transferred away from the system is absorbed by the incoming reactant gas. The effect is the continuous recovery of at least part of the waste heat used to heat the reactants and carried in the exhaust gas stream. With this heat exchange mechanism, the amount of heat lost by the system is reduced to improve the overall system efficiency. The electrochemical converter system 212 operates at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure. -42- This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Binding · 497285 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (40) The electrochemical converter is preferably a fuel cell system, which may include a split-type heat exchanger, similar to the type shown and described in US Patent No. 4,853, 100, which is attached here for reference. The illustrated electrochemical converter system 212 may include a fuel cell (as shown in Figs. 1 and 5-7) and a selective thermal control stack. The fuel cell is operated at a selected operating temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, and its operating temperature is about 1000 ° C, so that an exhaust gas with a temperature of about this level is generated. Certain gas turbines, such as small turbine units, require an input fluid that has a temperature below 1000 ° C, typically around 900 ° C. Therefore, this fluid temperature requirement specifies that the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the electrochemical converter system 212 is adjusted to a temperature level that meets the input temperature requirement of the gas turbine assembly 193. The present invention solves the problem of temperature mismatch by providing a number of methods that are suitable for performing a selected degree of temperature control on the exhaust gas of the converter system. Referring again to FIG. 12, the hybrid power system 200 further includes a plurality of fluid regulating devices and a controller 220 for regulating the amount of fuel guided to the system 200, and regulating the temperature of the exhaust gas guided to the gas turbine assembly 193. The illustrated hybrid power system 200 includes a first fluid regulating device 204 that extends between a compressor fluid conduit 202 and an exhaust fluid conduit 214. The fluid conditioning device selectively allows a portion of the heated air to be discharged from the compressor 192 to be directly mixed or mixed with the reheated exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system 212 before being directed to the gas turboexpander 20. It is known in the art that conventional gas turbines can tolerate input working fluids up to a certain maximum temperature. The gas turbine assembly 193 can be used at a lower temperature -43- This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) • Installation ·. % · A7 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (41 ° is known as 'but the power output of the full turbine is reduced. Therefore, if the gas full turbine 1 4 and Q Π An i,' y〇0 L input maximum temperature requirements, then The electrochemical converter two-way / phoenix exhaust gas must be cooled to at least this temperature level or lower to meet the full turbine operation requirements of this gas. In this solution, the temperature of the two gases discharged from the compressor 192 is typically lower than the electrochemical level Exhaust gas temperature of the converter system 212. 阙 204 can be controlled by the controller 22 to allow some or all air to pass, bypassing the guide 224 'to mix and cool the electrochemical converter system 212: warm exhaust gas By adjusting the amount of air mixed with the exhaust gas, the temperature of the fluid of the exhaust gas can be adjusted to a desired level. According to an implementation method, the exhaust gas temperature is adjusted to the maximum according to the temperature selected by the user or stored in advance. eddy Turbine temperature or lower. In the example proposed above, the high temperature exhaust gas from the electrochemical conversion system 2 12 can be cooled to about 900 m or lower. Referring again to FIG. 12 '> Tile body joint device 2 4 may be coupled to a controller 220 by any suitable communication link. The controller 22 may include a suitable memory storing program instructions for operating the fluid regulating device 204 according to a user-defined or preselected sequence. The controller 22 can selectively turn the device on or off according to the stored sequence. "乂 Allow a predetermined amount of air to mix with the two-temperature exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical conversion system 2 12. The amount of air flowing through the fluid conditioning device 204 can be electrified As a function of the desired power output of the converter system 212, the gas turbine assembly 193, and a desired system efficiency, it may be required to operate the gas turbine at the desired power output and adjust the guidance to the server 1 9 6 The quantity and temperature of the fluid. Therefore, the hybrid power system 200 shown will also include a fuel adjustment fluid adjustment device 21 ′, whose adjustment leads to the electrochemical converter system. Fuel quantity of 212. • 丨 丨 ------ · Install --- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs • 44- 497285 A7 V. Description of the invention (42)-· ^ • --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The fluid regulating device 21〇 communicates with the controller 22 through appropriate communication links. Control The converter 22 and the device 21G adjust the amount of fuel guided to the electrochemical converter system, and thus adjust its power output without causing the operating temperature of the hybrid power system 200 to correspondingly decrease. This allows the electrochemical converter system 212 to be in the optimal system Continuous operation with efficiency or near optimal system efficiency. In addition, the power output of the two-tuned "chemical converter system 212 enables the controller 22 to withdraw the gas turbine and thus regulate the power output of the entire system 200. The 7JT controller shown can also be coupled to air and fuel reservoirs to Controls the amount of air and fuel delivered to the hybrid power system 200. The controller 220 then acts as a modular computing center for the system and can be programmed in a variety of ways
式化，以控制反應劑流，以對應於控制系統2〇〇的動力輸 出。 J 控制系統200又可使用一配置在轉換器系統212與渦輪機 膨脹機196之間的選擇性燃燒器216，以在引導至渦輪機以 前將廢氣額外加熱。對於用在渦輪膨脹機丨的驅動氣體， 燃燒器2 16提供額外位準的溫度控制。To control the reactant flow to a power output corresponding to 2000 of the control system. The J control system 200 may in turn use a selective burner 216 disposed between the converter system 212 and the turbine expander 196 to additionally heat the exhaust gas before being directed to the turbine. For drive gases used in turboexpanders, the burners 2 16 provide an extra level of temperature control.
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 所緣示的複合動力系統200之一顯著優點在於，它允許藉 由整合一高效率、精巧的電化學轉換器與一觸底器的構成 部件，以在一高效率系統中產生電。電化學轉換器系統212 與氣體渦輪機總成193的整合產生一複合動力系統，其總動 力效率約爲70%或更高。此系統效率比先前技藝的氣體滿 輪機系統及先㈤技藝的電化學系統所達成的效率顯著择 加。所繪示的複合動力系統附設一電化學轉換器，以提供 高級的熱能與電，並利用電化學轉換器的優點。例如，轉 45- 私紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 ---------- B7 五、發明說明（43 ) '~' ' 換器如同低N〇x^源而强攸 M , 、 X、席而知作，以相對於傳統氣體渦輪機發電 嚴而改進環境性能。 所、、曰tf的複合動力系統2〇〇之控制部分昧詬]含流體調節 裝置204及210與控制器22〇_之一顯著優點在於，藉由調節 特定系統部件，以使系統的動力輸出最大化、最佳化、 增加或減少’系統可以進一步增加總系統效率。此外，所 繪示的能量系統10達成對於電化學轉換器系統12與氣體渦 輪機總成14之動力輸出的完全控制。 圖13繪π圖1與π之複合動力系統的替代實施例。所繪示 的複合動力系統230控制氣體渦輪機總成258的動力輸出。 此貫施例的説明在某些方面類似於針對系統7〇而説明如上 者。系統230經由任何適當的流體導管，將空氣232自一空 氣源引導至壓縮機234，它在該處壓縮、加壓及加熱，然後 自彼排放。加熱、加壓的空氣可以由流體導管242引導至一 熱父換益244 ’諸如復熱器，它在該處由自氣體渦輪機總成 25 8排放的廢氣預熱，將更詳細説明如下。 在選擇性通過熱交換器244以後，燃料246可引導至一電 化學轉換咨系統2 5 0 ’它在該處也由氣體渦輪機廢氣預熱。 加熱的空氣232與燃料246充當到達電化學轉換器系統25〇的 輸入反應劑。電化學轉換器系統2 5 0可以相同於圖丨與丨2的 電化學轉換器系統72與212。 電化學轉換器系統250處理燃料與氧化反應劑，且以一操 作模式產生電及關聯於高溫廢氣的廢熱。電典型上係直流 電，其可由交流發電機（未顯示）轉變爲交流電。電化學轉 -46 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱) ' ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·裝 ·One of the significant advantages of the Hybrid Power System 200, printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, is that it allows the Electricity is generated in a high efficiency system. The integration of the electrochemical converter system 212 with the gas turbine assembly 193 produces a composite power system with a total power efficiency of about 70% or higher. The efficiency of this system is significantly more efficient than that achieved by previous technology gas-filled turbine systems and advanced technology electrochemical systems. The illustrated composite power system is provided with an electrochemical converter to provide advanced thermal energy and electricity, and to take advantage of the advantages of the electrochemical converter. For example, the 45-private paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 ---------- B7 V. Description of the invention (43) '~' 'The converter is the same as Low NOx sources are stronger than M, X, and X, which are known to improve the environmental performance compared to the traditional power generation of gas turbines. The control part of the composite power system 200, which is called tf, is one of the significant advantages of including the fluid adjustment devices 204 and 210 and the controller 22__. By adjusting specific system components, the system's power output Maximizing, optimizing, increasing or decreasing the system can further increase the overall system efficiency. In addition, the illustrated energy system 10 achieves complete control over the power output of the electrochemical converter system 12 and the gas turbine assembly 14. FIG. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the composite power system of FIG. 1 and FIG. The illustrated hybrid power system 230 controls the power output of the gas turbine assembly 258. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to that described above for system 70. The system 230 directs air 232 from an air source to a compressor 234 via any suitable fluid conduit, where it is compressed, pressurized and heated, and then discharged from one another. The heated, pressurized air can be directed from a fluid conduit 242 to a heat exchange unit 244 ', such as a reheater, where it is preheated by exhaust gas emitted from the gas turbine assembly 25 8 as described in more detail below. After selective passage through the heat exchanger 244, the fuel 246 can be directed to an electro-chemical conversion system 250 ', where it is also preheated by the gas turbine exhaust. The heated air 232 and fuel 246 act as input reactants to the electrochemical converter system 250. The electrochemical converter system 250 can be the same as the electrochemical converter systems 72 and 212 of Figs. The electrochemical converter system 250 processes fuel and oxidation reagents and generates electricity and waste heat associated with high temperature exhaust gas in an operating mode. Electricity is typically DC, which can be converted to AC by an alternator (not shown). Electrochemical conversion -46-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) '' (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) · Install ·
P 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明（44 ) 換器系統250產生的廢氣通過另一熱交換器248，以額外加 熱進入電化學轉換器系統250的空氣（或燃料）。離開電化學 轉換器系統250的高溫廢氣的溫度可以高於引導至熱交換器 248的空氣。在此配置中，系統自電化學轉換器系統250與 氣體渦輪機總成258二者回收廢熱，以控制系統效率。 離開熱交換器248的廢氣可以藉由流體導管254耦合-且選 擇性直接耦合-至氣體渦輪膨脹機238。渦輪膨脹機238使電 ~ 化學轉換器系統250產生的廢氣絕熱膨脹，且將此熱轉換爲 轉動能量，接著傳遞至發電機240。發電機240產生電，其 可用於商業與居住之目的。在此配置中，電化學轉換器系 統2 50充當用於氣體渦輪機總成258的燃燒器，而氣體渦輪 機充當觸底循環機。 以電化學轉換器系統250充當氣體渦輪機燃燒器之一利益 係，轉換器系統充當額外的發電機。所繪示的電連接252自 系統230擷取電。氣體渦輪機與發電機部件係此技藝所習 知，且可用於商用。專精於此技藝的人易於了解-特別是鑑 於此説明與圖示-電化學轉換器與氣體渦輪機耦合的方式。 氣體渦輪機總成258又產生加熱的廢氣，其可由流體歧管 2 56捕捉及引導，以用於接續的用途。依據一實行方式，渦 輪機廢氣通過熱交換器244。燃料246及/或加熱的空氣也可 以通過熱交換器244。關聯於渦輪機廢氣的廢熱用於在引導 至電化學轉換器系統250以前，將燃料與空氣預熱。較佳 地，進入的反應劑及出去的渦輪機廢氣間之可感測的熱交 換係，俾使氣體之間的對流熱交換最佳化，或回收某特定 -47- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _裝 · 497285 A7 五、發明說明（45 ) 數量的尤、彳】如，與在其他情況時將傳遞離開系統的廢氣 關聯之廢熱係由進入的反應劑氣體吸收。效果係連續回收 芏少一邛刀廢熱，其係用於將反應劑加熱，且由渦輪機廢 氣流載運。利用此熱叉換機構，系統中損失的熱量減少， 以改進總系統效率。所繪示的複合系統使用第二熱交換器 248，將一或更多與轉換器系統25〇廢氣一起通過彼的反應 劑預熱，以進一步再捕捉廢熱。 電化學轉換器系統250在升高的溫度及升高的壓力操作。 電化學轉換器較佳爲一燃料電池系統，其可包含一叉合式 熱交換器，熱交換器類似於美國專利4,853，1〇〇號所示及説 明的型式，其附於此供參考。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 —丨丨h-------•裝·丨丨 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 所繪7F的電化學轉換器系統250可包含一燃料電池（如圖i 及D- 7所示）及一選擇性熱控制堆疊，燃料電池在一選擇的 操作溫度操作。依據一較佳實施例，燃料電池係固體氧化 物的燃料電池，其操作溫度約1〇〇〇°C，於是產生約在此位 準之溫度的廢氣。特定氣體渦輪機，諸如小渦輪機單元， 需要溫度在1000°C或l〇〇〇°C以下的輸入流體。於是，此流 體溫度需求指定，電化學轉換器系統212排出的高溫廢氣2 調節至符合氣體渦輪機總成258之輸入溫度需求的溫度位 準。本發明藉由提供針對轉換器系統廢氣執行所選擇程度 的溫度控制，而解決此溫度需求或不符的問題。 此技藝中習知，傳統氣體渦輪機可忍受到達一特定最大 溫度的輸入工作流體。氣體渦輪機總成258可以在較低的溫 度操作’但渦輪機的動力輸出因而減少。因此，如果氣骨杳 48 497285P Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by the Employee Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and printed by 497285 A7 B7_ V. Description of the Invention (44) The exhaust gas generated by the exchanger system 250 passes through another heat exchanger 248 for additional heating Air (or fuel) of the electrochemical converter system 250. The temperature of the high temperature exhaust gas leaving the electrochemical converter system 250 may be higher than the air directed to the heat exchanger 248. In this configuration, the system recovers waste heat from both the electrochemical converter system 250 and the gas turbine assembly 258 to control system efficiency. Exhaust gas leaving heat exchanger 248 may be coupled via fluid conduit 254-and optionally directly coupled-to gas turbine expander 238. The turboexpander 238 adiabatically expands the exhaust gas generated by the electric-to-chemical converter system 250, converts this heat into rotational energy, and then transmits it to the generator 240. The generator 240 generates electricity, which can be used for commercial and residential purposes. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system 2 50 acts as a burner for the gas turbine assembly 258 and the gas turbine acts as a bottoming cycle machine. With the electrochemical converter system 250 serving as one of the gas turbine burners, the converter system serves as an additional generator. The electrical connections 252 shown draw power from the system 230. Gas turbine and generator components are well known in the art and can be used commercially. It is easy to understand for those skilled in the art-especially as illustrated and illustrated here-the manner in which the electrochemical converter is coupled to the gas turbine. The gas turbine assembly 258 in turn generates heated exhaust gas, which can be captured and directed by the fluid manifold 2 56 for subsequent use. According to one implementation, turbine exhaust passes through heat exchanger 244. Fuel 246 and / or heated air may also pass through heat exchanger 244. The waste heat associated with the turbine exhaust is used to preheat the fuel and air before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 250. Preferably, the sensible heat exchange system between the entering reactants and the exiting turbine exhaust gas optimizes the convective heat exchange between the gases, or recovers a specific -47- This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) _Installation · 497285 A7 V. Description of the invention (45) The quantity is especially, such as], and in other cases The waste heat associated with the exhaust gas transferred away from the system is absorbed by the incoming reactant gas. The effect is the continuous recovery of at least one blade of waste heat, which is used to heat the reactants and is carried by the turbine waste gas stream. With this hot-fork replacement mechanism, the amount of heat lost in the system is reduced to improve overall system efficiency. The illustrated composite system uses a second heat exchanger 248 to pre-heat one or more of the exhaust gas with the converter system 250 through its reactants to further capture waste heat. The electrochemical converter system 250 operates at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure. The electrochemical converter is preferably a fuel cell system, which may include a split-type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is similar to that shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,853,100, which is incorporated herein by reference. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs— 丨 丨 h ------- • Installation · 丨 丨 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Containing a fuel cell (as shown in Figures i and D-7) and a selective thermal control stack, the fuel cell operates at a selected operating temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, which has an operating temperature of about 1000 ° C, and thus produces exhaust gas at a temperature around this level. Certain gas turbines, such as small turbine units, require input fluids at temperatures below 1000 ° C or 1000 ° C. Thus, the fluid temperature requirement is specified, and the high-temperature exhaust gas 2 discharged from the electrochemical converter system 212 is adjusted to a temperature level that meets the input temperature requirement of the gas turbine assembly 258. The present invention solves this temperature requirement or non-compliance problem by providing a selected degree of temperature control for the exhaust gas of the converter system. It is known in the art that conventional gas turbines can tolerate input working fluids up to a certain maximum temperature. The gas turbine assembly 258 can operate at a lower temperature 'but the power output of the turbine is reduced. So if the air bladder is 48 497285
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（46) 滿輪機258具有約80〇。(：與9〇〇。(：之間的輸入最大溫度需求， 則電化學轉換器系統的高溫廢氣必須至少冷卻至此溫度位 準或更低，以符合此氣體渦輪機操作需求。在此方案中， 自屯化學轉換态系統250排出的空氣溫度可用於預熱進入的 反應劑，以減少廢氣的總溫度。藉由調節熱交換的數量， 所造成之廢氣的流體溫度可以調整到所欲的位準。依據一 實行方式’依據使用者選擇或預先儲存的溫度狀況，廢氣— 溫度可調節或控制到最大渦輪機溫度或更低。在以上提出_ 的例子中，鬲溫廢氣可以冷卻至約9〇〇°c或更低。 所繪示的複合動力系統230之一優點在於，它允許藉由整 合一高效率、精巧的電化學轉換器與一氣體渦輪觸底機觸 底機，而在一高效率系統中產生電。電化學轉換器系統25〇 與氣體渦輪機總成2 5 8的整合產生一複合動力系統，其總動 力效率約爲或高於70%。此系統的效率比先前技藝的氣體 滿輪機系統及先如技藝的電化學系統所達成的效率顯著增 加0 圖14繪示圖1、12與13之複合動力系統之一替代實施例。 所繪示的複合動力系統260控制氣體渦輪機總成286的動力 輸出。此實施例的説明在某些方面類似於上述系統7 〇、2 〇 〇 與230。所繪示的複合動力系統260引導空氣262自一空氣源 經由任何適當的流體導管到達壓縮機264，在該處壓縮、加 壓'及加熱’然後自彼排出。加熱、加壓的空氣可以由流體 導管270引導至一熱交換器272，諸如復熱器，在該處由來 自氣體滿輪機總成2 8 6排出的廢氣預熱’更詳細説明如下。 -49- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） Ί.ι—h-------_裝· — — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· %- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7_ 五、發明說明（47 ) 燃料274在選擇性通過熱交換器272以後，可以引導至一 電化學轉換器系統278，它在該處亦由氣體渦輪機廢氣預 熱。加熱的空氣與燃料充當到達電化學轉換器系統的輸入 反應劑。轉換器系統278可相同於圖1、12與13所示的電化 學轉換器系統72、2 12與250。 電化學轉換器系統278處理燃料與氧化反應劑，且以一操 作模式產生電與關聯於南溫廢氣的廢熱。電典型上係直流 電，其可由一交流發電機（未顯示）轉換爲交流電。電化學 轉換器系統278產生的廢氣可由流體導管282耦合-且選擇性 直接耦合-至氣體渦輪膨脹機266。渦輪膨脹機266使電化學 轉換器系統278產生的廢氣絕熱膨脹，且將此熱能轉換爲轉 動能量，以便隨後傳送至發電機268。發電機268產生電， 其可用於商業與居住之用途。在此配置中，電化學轉換器 系統278充當用於氣體渦輪機總成286的燃燒器，而氣體渦 輪機充當觸底循環機。 使用電化學轉換器系統278充當氣體渦輪燃燒器之一利益 在於，轉換器系統充當額外的發電機。所繪示的電連接280 自系統260擷取電。氣體渦輪機與發電機部件係此技藝所習 知者，且係商業上可用者。專精於此技藝的人易於了解-特 別是鑑於此説明與繪示-電化學轉換器與氣體渦輪機耦合的 方式。 氣體渦輪機總成286又產生加熱的廢氣，其可由流體歧管 2 84捕捉及引導，以用於接續的用途。依據一實行方式，渦 輪機廢氣通過熱交換器272。燃料208及/或加熱的空氣也可 -50- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·裝 . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7_ 五、發明說明（48) 通過熱交換器272。與渦輪機廢氣關聯的廢熱用於在引導至 電化學轉換器系統278以前，將空氣及/或燃料預熱。較佳 地，於進入的反應劑與出去的渦輪機廢氣間之可感測的熱 交換係，俾使在氣體之間交換的對流熱最佳化，或將某一 特定數量的熱回收。例如，與在其他情況將傳遞離開系統 之廢氣關聯的廢熱係由進入的反應劑氣體吸收。效果係將 至少一部分用於加熱反應劑且載運於渦輪機廢氣流中的廢〜 熱連續回收。利用此熱交換碱構，系統損失的熱數量減 -少，以改進系統總效率。 電化學轉換器系統278可以在升高的溫度及在升高的壓力 操作。電化學轉換器較佳為一燃料電池系統，包含一叉合 式熱交換器，熱交換器類似於美國專利4,853, 100號所示及 說明的型式，其附於此供參考。 所繪示的電化學轉換器系統278可包含一燃料電池（如圖1 及5- 7所示）及一選擇性熱控制堆疊，燃料電池在一選擇的 操作溫度操作。依據一較佳實施例，燃料電池係固體氧化 物燃料電池，其操作溫度約1000°C，於是產生溫度約在此 位準的廢氣。特定氣體渦輪機，諸如小的渦輪機單元，需 要一輸入流體，其溫度低於1000°C，諸如800°C與900°C之 間。於是，此流體溫度需求指定，電化學轉換器系統278排 出的高溫廢氣應調節至符合氣體渦輪機總成286之輸入溫度 需求的溫度位準。本發明藉由針對轉換器系統廢氣執行所 選擇程度的溫度控制，而解決此溫度需求或不符的問題。 此技藝中習知，傳統氣體渦輪機可忍受到達一特定最大 -51 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂. 497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明（49 ) 溫度之輸入工作流體。氣體渦輪機總成258可以在較低的溫 度操作’但渦輪機的動力輸出因而減少。因此，如果氣體 渦輪機258具有約800°C與約900°C之間的輸入最大溫度需 求’則電化學轉換器系統的高溫廢氣必須至少冷卻至此溫 度位準或更低，以符合此氣體渦輪機操作需求。在此方案 中’自轉換器系統278排出的廢氣溫度高於所需要的範圍。 因此，系統須在引導至渦輪膨脹機以前，散出必需數量的 熱。依據一實行方式，流體導管具有適當尺寸與大小，以 經由對流、傳導或輻射，自廢氣散出必需數量的熱。流體 導管282能以任何所欲的方式而具有適當尺寸與大小，且能 以其他適當的方式成爲直線、曲線、曲折形構造。藉由調 節流體導管廢氣與周圍或其他環境之間的熱交換數量，廢 氣的溫度可以調整到所欲的位準。依據一實行方式，依據 使用者選擇或預先儲存的溫度狀況，廢氣溫度可調節或控 制到最大渦輪機溫度或更低。 所繪示的系統260特別適於較小的動力系統，諸如小於 1〇〇千瓦者，其中系統的表面與體積之比高，且熱損失支配 系統的熱平衡。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 所繪示的複合動力系統260之一顯著優點在於，它允許藉 由整合一高效率、精巧的電化學轉換器與一氣體渦輪機總 成，以在一高效率系統中產生電。電化學轉換器系統278與 氣體渦輪機總成286的整合產生一複合動力系統，其總動力 效率高於70%。此系統效率比先前技藝的氣體渦輪機系統 及先前技藝的電化學系統所達成的效率顯著增加。 -52- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _ B7 _ 五、發明說明（50 ) 圖15繪示圖1與12- 14的複合動力系統之一替代實施例。 所繪示的複合動力系統290控制氣體渦輪機總成193的功率 輸出。此實施例的説明在某些方面類似於上述系統70、 200、230與260。系統290引導空氣292自一空氣源經由任何 適當的流體導管到達壓縮機294，在該處壓縮、加壓及加 熱，然後自彼排出。加熱、加壓的空氣可以沿著流體導管 300引導至一熱交換器302，在該處由電化學轉換器系統320 產生的廢熱加熱。然後，加熱的空氣引導至氣體渦輪機總 成306之渦輪膨脹機296，它在該處充當膨脹機驅動氣體。 燃料310在選擇性通過熱交換器314以後，可以引導至一 電化學轉換咨系統3 2 0，它在該處由系統廢氣預熱。同樣 地，空氣312可以通過交換器314，然後引導至電化學轉換 器系統320。加熱的空氣3 12與燃料3 10充當輸入反應劑，用 於電化學轉換器系統。引導至電化學轉換器系統320之空氣 與燃料的數量可以在輸入端由流體調節元件3 1 〇及3 12調 節。藉由調節引導至彼的反應劑數量，流體調節元件3 1〇及 312控制電化學轉換器系統-因而系統290-的動力輸出。電化 學轉換器系統320可相同於圖1的電化學轉換器系統72。 電化學轉換器系統320處理燃料與氧化反應劑，且以一操 作模式產生電及關聯於高溫廢氣的廢熱。電化學轉換器系 統320產生的廢氣可選擇性耦合於渦輪機廢氣，以形成系統 廢氣，其則沿著導管308輸送到熱交換器314，以預熱進入 的燃料與空氣反應劑。系統320的廢氣可直接耦合至熱交換 器’或可與氣體渦輪膨脹機或系統廢氣混合。依據另一實 _ -53· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4_規格（21〇 _x_ 297公爱） ------ 1·---.-------------^ I ---訂-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 五、發明說明（51 ) 施例，渦輪機廢氣與電化學轉換器系統廢氣可獨立連接到 熱父換益3 14，以預熱進入的反應劑。關聯於系統的廢熱用 於在引導至電化學轉換器系統32〇以前，將空氣與燃料預 熱。較佳地’於進入的反·應劑與出去的廢氣間之可感測的 熱交換係，俾使在氣體之間交換的對流熱最佳化，或將某 一特定數量抻熱回收。例如，與在其他情況將傳遞離開系 統之廢氣的廢熱係由進入的反應劑氣體吸收。效果係 將至少一部-分用於加熱反應劑且載運於廢氣流中的廢熱連 續回收。利用此熱X換機構，系統損失的熱量減少，以改 進系統總效率。 藉由輕射（如所示）、傳導或對流而將熱輸送到熱交換器 3 02 ’電化學轉換器系統320如同熱源而操作。通過導管300 的壓縮2氣通過交換器302，且由電化學轉換器系統320產 生的廢熱加熱。通過熱交換器302且引導至渦輪膨脹機296 的2氣數量係由流體調節元件3〇4調節。流體調節元件3〇4 可允許某些或全部加熱空氣引導至渦輪機296，或傳遞到流 體導管308。以此方式，控制器326可以控制引導至渦輪機 的驅動氣體（例如，加熱的空氣）數量，因此可以控制渦輪 膨脹機296的動力輸出。 渦輪膨脹機296使電化學轉換器系統320產生的廢氣絕熱 膨脹’且將此熱能轉換爲轉動能量，以便隨後傳送至發電 機298。發電機298產生電，其可用於商業與居住之用途。 在此配置中，電化學轉換器系統320充當用於氣體渦輪機總 成306的燃燒器，而氣體渦輪機充當用於電化學轉換器系統 -54- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---l·-------^^裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂： 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（52 ) 320的觸底循環機。此外，電化學轉換器系統32〇在升高的 溫度且在周圍壓力操作。另一方面，將壓縮空氣加熱的熱 交換器302大體上係一壓力升高的操作部件。然後，壓縮及 加熱的空氣充當用於氣體渦輪機總成306的驅動氣體。因 此，所繪示的系統290使用一低壓次系統，以利用來自一周 圍壓力次系:统的廢熱，將壓縮空氣加熱至與氣體渦輪機總 成3 0 6匹配哲炎度。不同壓力次系統之此相互操作可以使用 於一系統配i中，因此將總系統290的設計結構及公差放 鬆。 專精於此技藝的人也可了解，在熱交換器302中交換的廢 熱數量影響總系統操作與效率。系統290可以藉由調節驅動 氣體的輸入溫度，而調節或調整氣體渦輪機總成306的動力 輸出。此外，流體調節裝置310與3 12調節引導至電化學轉 換器系統320的反應劑數量，因此調節燃料電池的動力輸 出0 圖16繪示圖1與12- 15之複合動力系統之一替代實施例。 所繪示的複合動力系統330控制氣體渦輪機總成340與電化 學轉換器系統358的動力輸出。此實施例的説明在某些方面 類似於上述複合動力系統70、200、230、260與290。所繪 示的複合動力系統330引導空氣332自一空氣源經由任何適 當的流體導管到達壓縮機334，在該處壓縮、加壓及加熱， 然後自彼排出。加熱、加壓的空氣可以沿著流體導管344引 導至一熱交換器350，在該處由來自電化學轉換器系統358 產生的廢氣加熱。然後，加熱的空氣引導至氣體渦輪機總 -55- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） c請先閱讀背面μ涑意事頊存填寫本頁) 裝 . 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7_ 五、發明說明（53 ) 成340的渦輪膨脹機336，在該處充當膨脹機驅動氣體。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------------------- I___ 燃料346在選擇性通過熱交換器350以後，可以引導至一 電化學轉換器系統3 5 8，在該處由系統廢氣加熱。加熱的空 氣與燃料充當到達電化學轉換器系統的輸入反應劑。轉換 器系統3 5 8可相同於上述電化學轉換器系統。 電化學轉換器系統358處理燃料與氧化反應劑，且以一操 作模式產生·電及關聯於南溫廢氣的廢熱。電化學轉換益系 統35 8產生的·廢氣可由流體導管360耦合-且選擇性直接耦合 -至氣體渦輪膨脹機336。渦輪膨脹機3 3 6使電化學轉換器系 統358產生的廢氣絕熱膨脹，且將此熱能轉換爲轉動能量， 以便隨後傳送至發電機338。發電機338產生電，其可用於 商業與居住二者之用途。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 流動通過導管344的壓縮空氣直接通過熱交換器350，或 可選擇性旁通於熱交換器，且可藉由流體調節元件354而與 離開熱交換350器的空氣混合。流體調節元件354選擇性調 節壓縮空氣-其與離開熱交換器350的空氣混合-的數量。同 樣地，流體調節元件356調節進入電化學轉換器系統358之 加熱、壓縮空氣數量。依據一實行方式，流體調節元件354 調節引導至熱交換堆疊的空氣數量，熱交換堆疊係容納於 一壓力容器内。流體調節元件356則可調節引導至燃料電池 的空氣數量，燃料電池也可以安裝在壓力容器内。流體調 節元件356與354可一起調節電化學轉換器系統358的動力輸 出及/或溫度。 氣體渦輪機總成340又產生加熱的廢氣，其可由流體歧管 -56- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（54) 342捕捉且引導，以供接續使用。依據一實行方式，渦輪機 廢氣通過熱交換器350。關聯於渦輪機廢氣的廢熱用於在引 導至電化學轉換器系統3 5 8以前，將燃料及/或空氣預熱。 所緣示的複合動力系統3 3 0可以使用一流體調節元件3 5 2， 用於調節通過熱交換器350之加熱的渦輪機廢氣數量。藉由 調節通過熱X換器350之加熱的渦輪機廢氣數量，流體調節 元件352調逆贫入反應劑的溫度，因此調節電化學轉換器系 統3 5 8的熱狀況。 專精於此技藝的人易於了解，一控制器可以用於調節複 合動力系統330之一或更多部件。 圖17纟會示圖1與12 - 16之複合動力系統之一替代實施例。 在所繪示的複合動力系統中，一或更多流體調節裝置用於 控制氣體滿輪機總成3 8 0的動力輸出。此實施例的説明在某 些方面類似於上述複合動力系統。系統3 7 〇引導空氣3 7 2自 一空氣源經由任何適當的流體導管到達壓縮機374，在該處 壓縮、加壓及加熱’然後自彼排出。加熱、加壓的空氣可 以由流體導管3 82引導至一熱交換器390，諸如復熱器，在 該處由自氣體滿輪機總成3 8 0排出的廢氣預熱，更詳細説明 如下。 燃料3 8 6在選擇性通過熱交換器3 9 0以後，可以引導至一 電化學轉換器系統396，它在該處亦由氣體渦輪機廢氣預 熱。加熱的空氣與燃料充當輸入反應劑，且經由適當歧管 引導至電化學轉換器系統。電化學轉換器系統396可相同於 上述電化學轉換器系統。電化學轉換器系統396處理燃料與 -57- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^— l·-------裝___ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂-- %· 497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明·（ 55 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 氧化反應劑’且以一操作模式產生電及關聯於高溫廢氣的 廢熱。電化學轉換器系統396產生的廢氣由_適當的流體導 管或歧管399耦合至氣體渦輪膨脹機376。渦輪膨服機376使 電化學轉換器系統產生的廢氣絕熱膨脹，且將此熱能轉換 爲轉動能量，以便隨後傳送至發電機378。發電機378產生 電，其可用誇商業與居住二者之用途。在此配置中，電化 學轉換器系二终396充當用於氣體渦輪機總成38〇的燃燒器， 而氣體渦輪機充當觸底循環機。 氣體渦輪機總成3 80又產生熱廢氣，其可由流體歧管4〇6 捕捉及引導’以用於接續的用途。依據一實行方式，滿輪 機廢氣通過熱交換器390。燃料與加熱的空氣也通過熱交換 器3 90。與渦輪機廢氣關聯的廢熱用於在引導至電化學轉換 器系統396以前，將空氣與燃料預熱。較佳地，於進入的反 應劑與出去的廢氣間之可感測的熱交換係，俾使在氣體之 間交換的對流熱最佳化，或將某一特定數量的熱回收。例 如’與在其他情況將傳遞離開系統之廢氣關聯的廢熱係由 進入的反應劑氣體吸收。效果係將至少一部分用於加熱反 應劑且載運於廢氣流中的廢熱連續回收。利用此熱交換機 構’系統損失的熱量減少，以改進系統總效率。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 所緣示的電化學轉換器系統396可包含一燃料電池（如圖i 及5- 7所示）及一選擇性熱控制堆疊（如圖丨丨所示），燃料 電池在一選擇的操作溫度操作。依據一較佳實施例，燃料 電池係固體氧化物燃料電池，其操作溫度約1 〇〇〇°C，於是 產生溫度約在此位準的廢氣。特定氣體渦輪機，諸如小的 58- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7_五、發明說明（56 ) 渦輪機單元，需要一輸入流體，其溫度低於1000°C，通常 約爲900°C。於是，此流體溫度需求指定，電化學轉換器系 統396排出的高溫廢氣應調節至符合氣體渦輪機總成380之 輸入溫度需求的溫度位準。本發明藉由提供很多方法，其 適於針對轉換器系統廢氣而執行所選擇程度的溫度控制， 而解決此溫度不符的問題。 再參考圖_17，複合動力系統370又包括複數流體調節裝置 與一控制器-410，用於調節引導至電化學轉換器系統396的 燃料數量，及調節引導至與離開氣體渦輪機總成380的廢氣 溫度。所繪示的複合動力系統370包含一第一流體調節裝置 384，其延展於壓縮機流體導管382及電化學轉換器系統廢 氣流體導管399之間。流體調節裝置384選擇性允許一部分 自壓縮機374排出的壓縮空氣在引導至氣體渦輪膨脹機376 以前，直接攙雜或混合於電化學轉換器系統396的再加熱廢 此技藝中習知，傳統氣體渦輪機可忍受到達一特定最大 溫度之輸入工作流體。氣體渦輪機總成380可以在較低的溫 度操作，但渦輪機的動力輸出因而減少。因此，如果氣體 滿輪機具有9 0 0 °C的輸入最大溫度需求，則電化學轉換器系 統的高溫廢氣必須至少冷卻至此溫度位準或更低，以符合 此氣體渦輪機操作需求。在此方案中，自壓縮機374排出的 空氣溫度典型上低於電化學轉換器系統396的廢氣溫度。旁 通閥384可由控制器410控制，以允許某些或全部空氣通過 旁通導管385，以混合於及冷卻電化學轉換器系統396的高 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一裝 訂： .%· -59- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 _B7_ 五、發明說明X 57 ) 溫廢氣。藉由調節與廢氣混合的空氣數量，所造成之廢氣 的流體溫度可以調整到所欲的位準。依據一實行方式，依 據使用者選擇或預先儲存的溫度狀況，廢氣溫度調節到最 大渦輪機溫度或更低。在以上提出的例子中，來自電化學 轉換器系統396的高溫廢氣可以冷卻至約900°C或更低。 所繪示的複合動力系統370又包含一燃料調整流體調節裝 置3 88，其節引導至電化學轉換器系統396的燃料數量。 流體調節裝_置388經由任何適當連通鏈結，而與控制器410 回授連通。控制器410與流體調節裝置388調節引導至電化 學轉換器系統396的燃料數量，於是調節其動力輸出。 所繪示的複合動力系統370又可使用一選擇性燃燒器 398，其配置在電化學轉換器系統396與渦輪膨脹機376之 間，以在引導至渦輪機以前，額外加熱廢氣及/或壓縮空 氣。燃燒器398對於渦輪膨脹機376之驅動氣體提供額外程 度的溫度控制。 通過導管382的壓縮空氣可藉由流體調節元件392，而與 離開熱交換390器的空氣選擇性混合。流體調節元件392選 擇性調節壓縮空氣-其與離開熱交換390器的加熱空氣混合-的數量。同樣地，流體調節元件394調節進入電化學轉換器 系統396之加熱、壓縮空氣數量。依據一實行方式，流體調 節元件392調節引導至電化學轉換器系統396之熱控制堆疊 的空氣數量。流體調節元件394則調節引導至電化學轉換器 系統396之燃料電池部件的空氣數量。流體調節元件392與 394—起調節電化學轉換器系統358-因而整個系統370-的溫 -60- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ^---l·---------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · ^· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 497285 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明說明（58 ) 度及/或動力輸出。 電化學轉換器系統396的廢氣可以直接引導至氣體渦輪機 總成380的渦輪膨脹機376，或可旁通於膨脹機且與渦輪機 廢氣混合。一流體調節元件404調節旁通導管400中之電化 學轉換器系統396的廢氣-其與流動於導管402中的渦輪機廢 氣混合-數量。因此，流體調節元件404藉由選擇性調節引 導至彼的.1數氣體數量，而控制氣體渦輪機的動力輸出。 圖18繪示一氣體渦輪機總成450，其適用於本發明的複合 動力系統。所繪示的氣體渦輪機總成450包含一外殼452， 其中具有一空氣入口 454。空氣入口可以接受一氧化反應 劑，諸如空氣，其由氣體渦輪機總成450所使用。通過空氣 入口 454的空氣引導至一壓縮機456，以壓縮空氣。壓縮的 空氣離開壓縮機456，且通過一外室460之一中間部分458。 專精於此技藝的人易於了解，外室460可充當類似於圖12之 復熱器88的熱交換器，用於預熱壓縮空氣，以供氣體渦輪 機總成450接續使用。外室460由外室452的隔板部分形成， 其配置在氣體渦輪機總成的外部分或區域。氣體渦輪機外 室452的隔板部分使用一圓頂蓋462，其可在氣體渦輪機總 成45 0操作期間傳遞或輸送一或更多内部流體。 壓縮空氣流動通過外室460，且連接到一貫穿的流體導管 464，其貫穿外殼452的圓頂蓋部分462。貫穿的導管464之 一端係流體連通於一外部熱源，諸如上述電化學轉換器系 統，另一端連通於外室460。貫穿的流體導管464將離開外 環形室4 6 0之加熱的壓縮空氣輸送至外部熱源。一接頭或配 _-61 -_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） —---------裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· _ #· 497285 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（59) 接器466可用於連接貫穿的流體導管464至氣體渦輪機總成 450的内部分。所繪示的接頭466可係任何適當的機械輕合 件’其足以連接一導管或輸送管至氣體渦輪機總成4 5 〇之一 或更多内邵邵件。雖然其他接頭亦爲本發明所思及，以緩 和在不同溫度操作或具有不同膨脹係數之部件所造成的熱 應力，但依槔一實施例，接頭466可係風箱，其允許流體導 管464概合差A體渦輪機總成450，且相對於彼而選擇性軸 向移動。 - 壓縮空氣由外部熱源加熱，且沿著一返回流體導管468回 到氣體滿輪機總成。返回流體導管468由一接頭472韓合至 一中間室470。來自外部熱源的廢氣通過中間室47〇，且引 導至一渦輪膨脹機474。渦輪膨脹機使廢氣絕熱膨脹，其則 通過一内室47 6。通過内室4 76的渦輪機廢氣由圓頂蓋462收 集至外室460，廢氣在該處與壓縮空氣交換熱，以在沿著流 體導管464引導至外部熱源以前，與壓縮空氣交換熱。然 後’渦輪機廢氣自氣體渦輪機總成450經由通孔478排出或 排放。 專精於此技藝的人易於了解，流體調節結構可與氣體渦 輪機總成450 —起使用，以對於氣體渦輪機總成45〇之一或 更多參數進行特定選擇的控制。例如，孔可配置在返回流 體導管468中，以使熱源的廢氣選擇性混合或摻雜於流動通 過内環形室476的氣體渦輪機廢氣。類似地，孔可形成於圓 頂盖462中，以將渦輪機廢氣排出至周圍環境。 專精於此技藝的人易於了解，所繪示的氣體渦輪機總成 -62- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --K-------裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) . · 497285 A7 B7 五、發明說明（6〇 ) 450可以包含其他傳統部件，諸如軸48〇。氣體渦輪機總成 450的先前繪示只是一代表，而專精於此技藝的人易於了 解，可以使用其他構造，以匹配本發明。特別地，本發明 考慮提供一或更多貫穿的流體導管，其足以擷取壓縮空 氣，以接續傳送到一外部熱源，然後傳送熱源的廢氣至氣 體渦輪機總成。專精於此技藝的人也可了解，任何選擇數 目的只穿寧、導管可以使用在任何特別配置中，諸如軸向-對稱構造，-以自氣體渦輪機總成擷取一流體，或輸送一流、 體至氣體滿輪機總成。 專精於此技藝的人也可了解，除了上述不同系統構造以 外，可以使用各種系統流體流動構造及流體調節元件配 置’以共同控制燃料電池的溫度及一或更多系統部件、次 系統或總成的動力輸出。 於是’可以看出，從以上説明可明白，本發明有效達成 以上所提出的目的。因爲可在以上述構造中作修改而不偏 離本發明的範疇，所以，包含於以上説明或顯示於附圖中 的全部事項係繪示性，而非限制性。 也應了解，下列申請專利範圍涵蓋此處所述之本發明的 全部一般及特殊性質，以及本發明之範疇的全部敘述昧銑N 語言而言，可謂落於其範圍内。 已説明本發明以後，宣告爲新穎且欲由專利特許證保護 者係： -63 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂· · 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (46) The full turbine 258 has about 80%. (: And 900). (: Input the maximum temperature requirement between, then the high-temperature exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system must be cooled to at least this temperature level or lower to meet the operating requirements of this gas turbine. In this solution, The temperature of the air discharged from the chemical conversion system 250 can be used to preheat the incoming reactants to reduce the total temperature of the exhaust gas. By adjusting the amount of heat exchange, the temperature of the fluid of the exhaust gas can be adjusted to the desired level According to a method of implementation 'according to the temperature conditions selected by the user or pre-stored, the exhaust gas-temperature can be adjusted or controlled to the maximum turbine temperature or lower. In the example proposed above, the high-temperature exhaust gas can be cooled to about 900 ° C or lower. One of the advantages of the illustrated hybrid power system 230 is that it allows a high efficiency by integrating a highly efficient and compact electrochemical converter with a gas turbine bottoming machine bottoming machine. Electricity is generated in the system. The integration of the electrochemical converter system 25 and the gas turbine assembly 258 produces a composite power system with a total power efficiency of approximately 70% or higher. The efficiency of the system is significantly increased over the efficiency achieved by the prior art gas full turbine system and the prior art electrochemical system. Fig. 14 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the composite power system of Figs. 1, 12, and 13. The illustrated The hybrid power system 260 controls the power output of the gas turbine assembly 286. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to the systems 70, 200, and 230 described above. The illustrated hybrid power system 260 directs air 262 from an air The source reaches the compressor 264 via any suitable fluid conduit, where it is compressed, pressurized, and heated, and then discharged therefrom. The heated, pressurized air may be directed by the fluid conduit 270 to a heat exchanger 272, such as reheating Device, where the exhaust gas from the full gas turbine assembly 2 8 6 is preheated 'is explained in more detail below. -49- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Ί. ι—h -------_ equipment · — — (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Order ·%-Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy 497285 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the invention ( 47) Fuel 274 After selective passage through the heat exchanger 272, it can be directed to an electrochemical converter system 278, where it is also preheated by the gas turbine exhaust gas. The heated air and fuel serve as input reactants to the electrochemical converter system. The converter system 278 may be the same as the electrochemical converter systems 72, 2 12 and 250 shown in Figures 1, 12, and 13. The electrochemical converter system 278 processes fuel and oxidation reagents and generates electricity and correlations in an operating mode Waste heat from NanWan exhaust gas. Electricity is typically DC, which can be converted to AC by an alternator (not shown). The exhaust gas produced by the electrochemical converter system 278 can be coupled by a fluid conduit 282-and optionally directly coupled-to the gas Turbo expander 266. The turboexpander 266 adiabatically expands the exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 278 and converts this thermal energy into rotational energy for subsequent transmission to a generator 268. The generator 268 generates electricity, which can be used for commercial and residential purposes. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system 278 acts as a burner for the gas turbine assembly 286, and the gas turbine acts as a bottoming cycle machine. One benefit of using the electrochemical converter system 278 as a gas turbine burner is that the converter system acts as an additional generator. The electrical connections 280 shown draw power from the system 260. Gas turbine and generator components are those skilled in the art and are commercially available. It is easy to understand for those skilled in the art-especially given this description and the way in which the electrochemical converter is coupled to the gas turbine. The gas turbine assembly 286 in turn generates heated exhaust gas, which can be captured and guided by a fluid manifold 2 84 for subsequent use. According to one implementation, turbine exhaust passes through heat exchanger 272. Fuel 208 and / or heated air can also be -50- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) · Installation. Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 497285 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the invention (48) Pass the heat exchanger 272. The waste heat associated with the turbine exhaust is used to preheat the air and / or fuel before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 278. Preferably, the sensible heat exchange system between the incoming reactant and the exiting turbine exhaust gas optimizes the convective heat exchanged between the gases, or recovers a certain amount of heat. For example, the waste heat associated with the exhaust gas that would otherwise be transferred away from the system is absorbed by the incoming reactant gas. The effect is the continuous recovery of at least a portion of the waste to heat that is used to heat the reactants and carried in the turbine exhaust stream. With this heat-exchanging basic structure, the amount of heat lost by the system is reduced-to improve the overall system efficiency. The electrochemical converter system 278 can be operated at elevated temperatures and at elevated pressures. The electrochemical converter is preferably a fuel cell system including a split-type heat exchanger, which is similar to the type shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,853,100, which is incorporated herein by reference. The illustrated electrochemical converter system 278 may include a fuel cell (as shown in Figures 1 and 5-7) and a selective thermal control stack. The fuel cell operates at a selected operating temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, and its operating temperature is about 1000 ° C, so that an exhaust gas with a temperature of about this level is generated. Certain gas turbines, such as small turbine units, require an input fluid whose temperature is below 1000 ° C, such as between 800 ° C and 900 ° C. Therefore, this fluid temperature requirement specifies that the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the electrochemical converter system 278 should be adjusted to a temperature level that meets the input temperature requirements of the gas turbine assembly 286. The present invention solves this temperature requirement or non-compliance problem by performing a selected degree of temperature control on the exhaust gas of the converter system. It is known in this technique that traditional gas turbines can tolerate a specific maximum -51-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Binding. 497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (49) Input working fluid for temperature. The gas turbine assembly 258 can operate at a lower temperature 'but the power output of the turbine is reduced. Therefore, if the gas turbine 258 has an input maximum temperature requirement between about 800 ° C and about 900 ° C, the high temperature exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system must be cooled to at least this temperature level or lower to comply with this gas turbine operation demand. In this scenario, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the converter system 278 is higher than the required range. Therefore, the system must dissipate the necessary amount of heat before being directed to the turboexpander. According to one implementation, the fluid conduit is suitably sized and sized to dissipate the necessary amount of heat from the exhaust gas via convection, conduction, or radiation. The fluid conduit 282 can have an appropriate size and size in any desired manner, and can be formed into a straight, curved, meandering structure in other appropriate ways. By adjusting the amount of heat exchange between the fluid duct exhaust gas and the surrounding or other environment, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be adjusted to a desired level. According to an implementation method, the exhaust gas temperature may be adjusted or controlled to a maximum turbine temperature or lower depending on a temperature condition selected or previously stored by a user. The illustrated system 260 is particularly suitable for smaller power systems, such as those less than 100 kilowatts, where the surface-to-volume ratio of the system is high and the heat loss governs the thermal balance of the system. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the notes on the back before filling out this page). One of the significant advantages of the hybrid power system 260 shown is that it allows the integration of a The converter is combined with a gas turbine assembly to generate electricity in a high efficiency system. The integration of the electrochemical converter system 278 with the gas turbine assembly 286 produces a composite power system with a total power efficiency of more than 70%. The efficiency of this system is significantly higher than that achieved by prior art gas turbine systems and prior art electrochemical systems. -52- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 497285 Printed by A7 _ B7 _ Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (50) Figure 15 shows Figure 1 An alternative embodiment with a 12-14 hybrid powertrain. The illustrated hybrid power system 290 controls the power output of the gas turbine assembly 193. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to the systems 70, 200, 230, and 260 described above. System 290 directs air 292 from an air source through any suitable fluid conduit to compressor 294, where it is compressed, pressurized and heated, and then discharged from each other. The heated, pressurized air may be directed along the fluid conduit 300 to a heat exchanger 302, where it is heated by the waste heat generated by the electrochemical converter system 320. The heated air is then directed to a turboexpander 296 of the gas turbine assembly 306, where it acts as an expander drive gas. After the fuel 310 has selectively passed through the heat exchanger 314, it can be directed to an electrochemical conversion system 320, where it is preheated by the system exhaust gas. Likewise, air 312 may pass through the exchanger 314 and then be directed to the electrochemical converter system 320. The heated air 3 12 and fuel 3 10 serve as input reactants for the electrochemical converter system. The amount of air and fuel guided to the electrochemical converter system 320 can be adjusted at the input by the fluid regulating elements 3 1 0 and 3 12. By adjusting the amount of reagents directed to each other, the fluid regulating elements 3 10 and 312 control the power output of the electrochemical converter system, and thus the system 290. The electrochemical converter system 320 may be the same as the electrochemical converter system 72 of FIG. 1. The electrochemical converter system 320 processes fuel and oxidation reagents and generates electricity and waste heat associated with high temperature exhaust gas in an operating mode. The exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 320 may be selectively coupled to the turbine exhaust gas to form a system exhaust gas, which is conveyed along the conduit 308 to the heat exchanger 314 to preheat the incoming fuel and air reactants. The exhaust of the system 320 may be directly coupled to a heat exchanger 'or may be mixed with a gas turbine expander or system exhaust. According to another reality _ -53 · This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4_ specification (21〇_x_ 297 public love) ------ 1 · ---.-------- ----- ^ I --- Order -------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) V. Description of the invention (51) Example, turbine exhaust gas and electrochemical converter system The exhaust gas can be independently connected to the heat parent exchange 3 to 14 to preheat the incoming reactants. The waste heat associated with the system is used to preheat air and fuel before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 32o. Preferably, a sensible heat exchange system between the incoming reactant and the outgoing exhaust gas optimizes the convective heat exchanged between the gases, or recovers a specific amount of radon. For example, waste heat that would otherwise pass off-gas from the system is absorbed by the incoming reactant gas. The effect is the continuous recovery of at least a portion of the waste heat used to heat the reactants and carried in the exhaust gas stream. With this hot X exchange mechanism, the heat loss of the system is reduced to improve the overall system efficiency. Heat is transferred to the heat exchanger by light injection (as shown), conduction, or convection 3 02 'The electrochemical converter system 320 operates as a heat source. The compressed gas passing through the duct 300 passes through the exchanger 302 and is heated by the waste heat generated by the electrochemical converter system 320. The amount of 2 gas that passes through the heat exchanger 302 and is guided to the turboexpander 296 is regulated by the fluid regulating element 304. The fluid regulating element 304 may allow some or all of the heated air to be directed to the turbine 296 or passed to the fluid conduit 308. In this manner, the controller 326 may control the amount of driving gas (e.g., heated air) directed to the turbine, and thus may control the power output of the turboexpander 296. The turboexpander 296 adiabatically expands the exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 320 'and converts this thermal energy into rotational energy for subsequent transmission to the power generator 298. The generator 298 generates electricity, which can be used for commercial and residential purposes. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system 320 acts as a burner for the gas turbine assembly 306, and the gas turbine acts as an electrochemical converter system. -54- This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210 X 297 mm) --- l · ------- ^^ equipment --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order: Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7 _B7 5. Invention description (52) 320 bottoming cycle machine. In addition, the electrochemical converter system 32 operates at elevated temperature and ambient pressure. On the other hand, the heat exchanger 302 that heats compressed air is generally a pressure-increasing operating member. The compressed and heated air then acts as a drive gas for the gas turbine assembly 306. Therefore, the illustrated system 290 uses a low-pressure sub-system to utilize the waste heat from the surrounding pressure sub-system: to heat the compressed air to match the gas turbine assembly's 306 degree of inflammation. This interoperation of different pressure sub-systems can be used in a system configuration, so the design structure and tolerances of the total system 290 are relaxed. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the amount of waste heat exchanged in the heat exchanger 302 affects overall system operation and efficiency. The system 290 may adjust or adjust the power output of the gas turbine assembly 306 by adjusting the input temperature of the driving gas. In addition, the fluid regulating devices 310 and 31 regulate the amount of reactants guided to the electrochemical converter system 320, and thus regulate the power output of the fuel cell. FIG. 16 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the composite power system of FIGS. . The illustrated hybrid power system 330 controls the power output of the gas turbine assembly 340 and the electrochemical converter system 358. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to the hybrid power systems 70, 200, 230, 260, and 290 described above. The illustrated hybrid power system 330 directs air 332 from an air source through any suitable fluid conduit to the compressor 334, where it is compressed, pressurized, and heated, and then discharged from each other. The heated, pressurized air may be directed along the fluid conduit 344 to a heat exchanger 350 where it is heated by the exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system 358. Then, the heated air is directed to the gas turbine total -55- This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Printed by the Ministry of Intellectual Property Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives 497285 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the Invention (53) A turboexpander 336 of 340 is used as the expander driving gas. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -------------------- I___ After the fuel 346 selectively passes through the heat exchanger 350, it can be guided to a The electrochemical converter system 3 5 8 is heated by the system exhaust gas. The heated air and fuel act as input reactants to the electrochemical converter system. The converter system 3 5 8 may be the same as the above-mentioned electrochemical converter system. The electrochemical converter system 358 processes fuel and oxidation reagents, and generates electricity and waste heat associated with the South Temperature exhaust gas in an operating mode. The exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical conversion system 358 may be coupled by a fluid conduit 360-and optionally directly coupled-to a gas turboexpander 336. The turboexpander 3 3 6 adiabatically expands the exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 358 and converts this thermal energy into rotational energy for subsequent transmission to the generator 338. The generator 338 generates electricity, which can be used for both commercial and residential purposes. Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the compressed air flowing through the duct 344 passes directly through the heat exchanger 350, or may be selectively bypassed to the heat exchanger, and may be connected to and leave the heat exchanger 350 through the fluid regulating element 354 Air mix. The fluid regulating element 354 selectively regulates the amount of compressed air, which is mixed with the air leaving the heat exchanger 350. Similarly, the fluid regulating element 356 regulates the amount of heated, compressed air entering the electrochemical converter system 358. According to an implementation method, the fluid regulating element 354 regulates the amount of air guided to the heat exchange stack, and the heat exchange stack is housed in a pressure vessel. The fluid regulating element 356 can regulate the amount of air guided to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can also be installed in a pressure vessel. The fluid regulating elements 356 and 354 may together regulate the power output and / or temperature of the electrochemical converter system 358. The gas turbine assembly 340 generates heated exhaust gas, which can be used by the fluid manifold -56- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 497285 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (54) 342 Capture and guide for subsequent use. According to one implementation, turbine exhaust passes through the heat exchanger 350. The waste heat associated with the turbine exhaust is used to preheat the fuel and / or air before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 3 5 8. The illustrated hybrid power system 3 3 0 can use a fluid regulating element 3 5 2 for regulating the amount of turbine exhaust gas heated by the heat exchanger 350. By adjusting the amount of turbine exhaust gas heated by the heat X-changer 350, the fluid regulating element 352 adjusts the temperature of the lean reactant, thereby adjusting the thermal condition of the electrochemical converter system 358. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that a controller may be used to regulate one or more components of the compound powertrain 330. FIG. 17A illustrates an alternative embodiment of the hybrid power system of FIGS. 1 and 12-16. In the illustrated composite power system, one or more fluid regulating devices are used to control the power output of the gas full turbine assembly 380. The description of this embodiment is similar in some respects to the hybrid powertrain described above. The system 37 guides the air 3 72 from an air source through any suitable fluid conduit to the compressor 374, where it is compressed, pressurized, and heated 'and then discharged from each other. The heated, pressurized air can be directed from the fluid conduit 3 82 to a heat exchanger 390, such as a reheater, where it is preheated by the exhaust gas exhausted from the gas full turbine assembly 38, as described in more detail below. After selective passage through the heat exchanger 3 900, the fuel 3 8 6 can be directed to an electrochemical converter system 396 where it is also preheated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine. The heated air and fuel act as input reactants and are directed to the electrochemical converter system via appropriate manifolds. The electrochemical converter system 396 may be the same as the electrochemical converter system described above. Electrochemical converter system 396 for processing fuel and -57- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ^ — l · ------- installation ___ (Please read the back first (Please pay attention to this page before filling in this page) Order-% · 497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention · (55) (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Oxidation Reagent 'and generate electricity and correlation in an operation mode Waste heat due to high temperature exhaust gas. The exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system 396 is coupled to the gas turboexpander 376 by a suitable fluid conduit or manifold 399. The turboexpander 376 adiabatically expands the exhaust gas generated by the electrochemical converter system, and converts this thermal energy into rotational energy for subsequent transmission to a generator 378. The generator 378 generates electricity, which can be used for both commercial and residential purposes. In this configuration, the electrochemical converter system 396 acts as a burner for the gas turbine assembly 380, and the gas turbine acts as a bottoming cycle machine. The gas turbine assembly 3 80 in turn generates hot exhaust gas which can be captured and guided ' by the fluid manifold 406 for subsequent use. According to one implementation, the exhaust gas from the full turbine passes through the heat exchanger 390. Fuel and heated air also pass through the heat exchanger 3 90. The waste heat associated with the turbine exhaust is used to preheat air and fuel before being directed to the electrochemical converter system 396. Preferably, the sensible heat exchange system between the incoming reactant and the outgoing exhaust gas optimizes the convective heat exchanged between the gases, or recovers a specific amount of heat. For example, the waste heat associated with the exhaust gas that would otherwise be transferred away from the system is absorbed by the incoming reactant gas. The effect is the continuous recovery of at least a portion of the waste heat used to heat the reactants and carried in the exhaust stream. With this heat exchange mechanism, the heat loss of the system is reduced to improve the overall system efficiency. The electrochemical converter system 396 illustrated by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs' employee consumer cooperatives can include a fuel cell (as shown in Figures i and 5-7) and a selective thermal control stack (as shown in Figure 丨 丨), The fuel cell operates at a selected operating temperature. According to a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell, and its operating temperature is about 1000 ° C, so that exhaust gas with a temperature of about this level is generated. Specific gas turbines, such as small 58- This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 497285 Printed by A7 _B7_ of the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (56) The unit requires an input fluid whose temperature is below 1000 ° C, usually about 900 ° C. Therefore, this fluid temperature requirement specifies that the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the electrochemical converter system 396 should be adjusted to a temperature level that meets the input temperature requirement of the gas turbine assembly 380. The present invention solves this problem of temperature mismatch by providing a number of methods that are adapted to perform a selected degree of temperature control for the converter system exhaust gas. Referring again to FIG. 17, the hybrid power system 370 further includes a plurality of fluid regulating devices and a controller -410 for regulating the amount of fuel guided to the electrochemical converter system 396, and regulating the guidance to and from the gas turbine assembly 380. Exhaust gas temperature. The illustrated hybrid power system 370 includes a first fluid regulating device 384 that extends between a compressor fluid conduit 382 and an electrochemical converter system waste gas fluid conduit 399. The fluid regulating device 384 selectively allows a portion of the compressed air discharged from the compressor 374 to be directly mixed or mixed with the electrochemical converter system 396 for reheating before being directed to the gas turboexpander 376. Conventional gas turbines are known in the art. Can withstand input working fluids up to a certain maximum temperature. The gas turbine assembly 380 can operate at lower temperatures, but the power output of the turbine is reduced. Therefore, if a gas full turbine has an input maximum temperature requirement of 900 ° C, the high-temperature exhaust gas of the electrochemical converter system must be cooled to at least this temperature level or lower to meet the operation requirements of this gas turbine. In this scenario, the temperature of the air discharged from the compressor 374 is typically lower than the temperature of the exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system 396. The bypass valve 384 can be controlled by the controller 410 to allow some or all of the air to pass through the bypass duct 385 to mix and cool the height of the electrochemical converter system 396 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). Binding:.% · -59- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the invention X 57) warm exhaust gas. By adjusting the amount of air mixed with the exhaust gas, the fluid temperature of the resulting exhaust gas can be adjusted to a desired level. According to an implementation method, the exhaust gas temperature is adjusted to the maximum turbine temperature or lower according to a temperature condition selected by the user or stored in advance. In the example presented above, the high temperature exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system 396 may be cooled to about 900 ° C or lower. The illustrated hybrid power system 370 further includes a fuel conditioning fluid regulating device 3 88, which directs the amount of fuel to the electrochemical converter system 396. The fluid regulating device 388 is in feedback communication with the controller 410 via any suitable communication link. The controller 410 and the fluid regulating device 388 regulate the amount of fuel guided to the electro-chemical converter system 396, thereby regulating its power output. The illustrated hybrid power system 370 can in turn use a selective burner 398 that is configured between the electrochemical converter system 396 and the turboexpander 376 to additionally heat exhaust gas and / or compressed air before being directed to the turbine . The combustor 398 provides an additional degree of temperature control to the drive gas of the turboexpander 376. The compressed air passing through the duct 382 can be selectively mixed with the air leaving the heat exchanger 390 by the fluid regulating element 392. The fluid regulating element 392 selectively regulates the amount of compressed air, which is mixed with the heated air leaving the heat exchanger 390. Similarly, the fluid regulating element 394 regulates the amount of heated, compressed air entering the electrochemical converter system 396. According to one implementation, the fluid regulating element 392 regulates the amount of air directed to the thermal control stack of the electrochemical converter system 396. The fluid regulating element 394 regulates the amount of air directed to the fuel cell components of the electrochemical converter system 396. The fluid regulating elements 392 and 394—adjust the temperature of the electrochemical converter system 358—and thus the entire system 370—to the temperature of 60 to 60-. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ^ --- l · ---------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) · ^ · Printed by the Employees' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 497285 A7 ___B7_ V. Description of Invention (58) Degree and / Or power output. The exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system 396 may be directed directly to the turboexpander 376 of the gas turbine assembly 380, or may be bypassed and mixed with the turbine exhaust gas. A fluid regulating element 404 regulates the amount of exhaust gas from the electrochemical converter system 396 in the bypass duct 400-which is mixed with the turbine exhaust gas flowing in the duct 402-. Therefore, the fluid regulating element 404 controls the power output of the gas turbine by selectively adjusting the amount of .1 gas guided to each other. FIG. 18 illustrates a gas turbine assembly 450 suitable for use in the hybrid power system of the present invention. The illustrated gas turbine assembly 450 includes a housing 452 having an air inlet 454 therein. The air inlet can accept a monoxide reagent, such as air, which is used by the gas turbine assembly 450. The air passing through the air inlet 454 is directed to a compressor 456 to compress the air. The compressed air leaves the compressor 456 and passes through a middle portion 458 of an outer chamber 460. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the outer chamber 460 can serve as a heat exchanger similar to the reheater 88 of Fig. 12 for preheating the compressed air for subsequent use by the gas turbine assembly 450. The outer chamber 460 is formed by a partition portion of the outer chamber 452 and is disposed in an outer portion or region of the gas turbine assembly. The partition portion of the gas turbine outer chamber 452 uses a dome cover 462, which can transfer or transport one or more internal fluids during the operation of the gas turbine assembly 450. The compressed air flows through the outer chamber 460 and is connected to a penetrating fluid conduit 464 that passes through the dome cover portion 462 of the housing 452. One end of the penetrating duct 464 is in fluid communication with an external heat source, such as the electrochemical converter system described above, and the other end is in communication with the outer chamber 460. The penetrating fluid conduit 464 delivers the heated compressed air leaving the outer annular chamber 460 to an external heat source. One connector or matching _-61 -_ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ----------- install --- (Please read the precautions on the back first (Fill in this page again) Order _ # # 497285 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (59) The connector 466 can be used to connect the penetrating fluid conduit 464 to the inner part of the gas turbine assembly 450 . The illustrated joint 466 may be any suitable mechanical light fitting 'which is sufficient to connect a conduit or duct to one or more internal components of the gas turbine assembly 450. Although other joints are also contemplated by the present invention to mitigate thermal stress caused by components operating at different temperatures or with different expansion coefficients, according to one embodiment, the joint 466 may be a bellows, which allows the fluid conduit 464 to be roughly The combined A-body turbine assembly 450 is selectively axially moved relative to each other. -The compressed air is heated by an external heat source and returns to the gas full turbine assembly along a return fluid conduit 468. The return fluid conduit 468 is connected to an intermediate chamber 470 by a joint 472. Exhaust gas from an external heat source passes through the intermediate chamber 47o and is directed to a turboexpander 474. The turboexpander expands the exhaust gas adiabatically, which passes through an inner chamber 47 6. The turbine exhaust gas passing through the inner chamber 4 76 is collected by the dome cover 462 to the outer chamber 460 where the exhaust gas exchanges heat with compressed air to exchange heat with the compressed air before being guided to the external heat source along the fluid conduit 464. The ' turbine exhaust is then discharged or exhausted from the gas turbine assembly 450 via a through hole 478. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the fluid regulating structure can be used with the gas turbine assembly 450 to control a specific selection of one or more parameters of the gas turbine assembly 450. For example, a hole may be configured in the return fluid conduit 468 to selectively mix or dope the exhaust gas of the heat source with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine flowing through the inner annular chamber 476. Similarly, holes may be formed in the dome cover 462 to exhaust turbine exhaust to the surrounding environment. Those skilled in this art are easy to understand. The gas turbine assembly shown -62- This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) --K ------- Installation --- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page). · 497285 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (60) 450 can include other traditional parts, such as the shaft 48〇. The previous illustration of the gas turbine assembly 450 is merely representative, and those skilled in the art will readily understand that other configurations can be used to match the present invention. In particular, the present invention contemplates providing one or more through-flow fluid conduits that are sufficient to capture compressed air for subsequent transmission to an external heat source and then the exhaust gas from the heat source to the gas turbine assembly. Those skilled in the art will also understand that any selected number of perforated tubing can be used in any particular configuration, such as an axial-symmetric configuration, to extract a fluid from a gas turbine assembly, or to deliver first-rate Full body to gas full turbine assembly. Those skilled in the art will also understand that in addition to the different system configurations described above, various system fluid flow configurations and fluid regulating element configurations can be used to collectively control the temperature of the fuel cell and one or more system components, sub-systems, or general Into a power output. Therefore, it can be seen from the above description that the present invention effectively achieves the above-mentioned objects. Since modifications can be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the present invention, all matters contained in the above description or shown in the drawings are illustrative and not restrictive. It should also be understood that the scope of the following patent applications covers all the general and special properties of the invention described herein, as well as the full description of the scope of the invention in the N language, which can be said to fall within its scope. After the invention has been explained, it is declared as novel and is intended to be protected by a patent license: -63-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 public love) (Fill in this page again) Binding · Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW89122895ATW497285B (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2000-11-08 | Hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW89122895ATW497285B (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2000-11-08 | Hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW497285Btrue TW497285B (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW89122895ATW497285B (en) | 2000-11-08 | 2000-11-08 | Hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TW497285B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8613297B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2013-12-24 | Societe Bic | Fuel supply systems having operational resistance |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8613297B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2013-12-24 | Societe Bic | Fuel supply systems having operational resistance |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2001214452B2 (en) | A hybrid electrical power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system | |
| US5948221A (en) | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system | |
| TW474043B (en) | Fuel cell stacks for ultra-high efficiency power systems | |
| KR100271096B1 (en) | Gas or steam turbine power system | |
| AU2002249811B2 (en) | Multi-function energy system operable as a fuel cell, reformer, or thermal plant | |
| US5501781A (en) | Electrochemical converter having internal thermal integration | |
| AU2001214452A1 (en) | A hybrid electrical power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system | |
| AU2002249811A1 (en) | Multi-function energy system operable as a fuel cell, reformer, or thermal plant | |
| US20030012997A1 (en) | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system | |
| EP4567157A2 (en) | Electrolyzer system including a heat pump and method of operating thereof | |
| TW497285B (en) | Hybrid power system employing fluid regulating elements for controlling various operational parameters of the system | |
| US20040091764A1 (en) | Ultra-high efficiency turbine and fuel cell combination | |
| NZ508239A (en) | Heating of fuel cell reactants by heat exchange in pressure vessel enclosing the cell | |
| AU2003262367A1 (en) | A fuel cell power system | |
| MXPA99006155A (en) | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent | ||
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |