本發明係關於用於儲存及/或運輸一液化氣體之裝置之領域，諸如用於運輸具有例如-50℃與0℃之間之一溫度之液化石油氣(亦稱為LPG)或用於在大氣壓下運輸約-162℃之液化天然氣(LNG)之裝置。The invention relates to the field of devices for storing and/or transporting a liquefied gas, such as devices for transporting liquefied petroleum gas (also known as LPG) having a temperature between, for example, -50°C and 0°C or for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) at about -162°C under atmospheric pressure.
此等裝置可安裝於岸上或一浮動結構上。在一浮動結構之情況下，裝置可用於運輸液化氣體或接收液化氣體，該液化氣體用作推進浮動結構之燃料。Such devices may be installed on shore or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the device may be used to transport liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas which is used as fuel to propel the floating structure.
更特定言之，本發明係關於一種上述類型之裝置，其包括一槽及穿過槽之一頂壁之一圓頂結構。More particularly, the present invention relates to a device of the above type, which includes a slot and a dome structure extending through a top wall of the slot.
文獻WO2019030447揭示一種穿過一液化天然氣儲存槽之一頂壁之圓頂結構。因此，圓頂結構界定槽之內部空間與配置於槽外部之一蒸氣收集器之間之一通道。該圓頂結構包括一內滾筒，該內滾筒穿過雙層殼體及槽之頂壁且緊密地焊接至頂壁之主密封膜。圍繞該內滾筒安置之一外滾筒固定至雙層殼體之內殼體。圓頂結構亦包括一護套，該護套徑向地安置於外滾筒與內滾筒之間且緊密地耦合至次級密封膜。在護套與內滾筒之間形成與主熱絕緣障壁連接之一主空間。一主排氣裝置耦合至主空間且因此使得可從槽之主熱絕緣障壁排出氣體，此使得可保護主密封膜免受過壓。圓頂結構亦包括出現在主空間中之一主惰性化管道。從聚合物發泡體產生之一絕緣填充物容置於圍繞護套之主空間中。絕緣填充物具備一貫穿通道，從而使得可將主排氣裝置之管道與主熱絕緣障壁連接。Document WO2019030447 discloses a dome structure that passes through a top wall of a liquefied natural gas storage tank. Thus, the dome structure defines a passage between the inner space of the tank and a vapor collector disposed outside the tank. The dome structure includes an inner drum that passes through a double-layer shell and the top wall of the tank and is tightly welded to a primary sealing membrane of the top wall. An outer drum disposed around the inner drum is fixed to the inner shell of the double-layer shell. The dome structure also includes a sheath that is radially disposed between the outer drum and the inner drum and is tightly coupled to a secondary sealing membrane. A main space connected to the main thermal insulation barrier is formed between the jacket and the inner drum. A main exhaust device is coupled to the main space and thus makes it possible to exhaust gas from the main thermal insulation barrier of the groove, which makes it possible to protect the main sealing membrane from overpressure. The dome structure also includes a main inerting duct emerging in the main space. An insulating filler produced from a polymer foam is accommodated in the main space surrounding the jacket. The insulating filler has a through-channel, which makes it possible to connect the duct of the main exhaust device to the main thermal insulation barrier.
內殼體具有圍繞護套之一環形通道，該環形通道容許存在於次級熱絕緣障壁中之氣體循環至圓頂結構之一次級空間，該次級空間徑向地形成於外滾筒之內部。一次級排氣裝置耦合至次級空間且因此使得可從次級熱絕緣障壁排出氣體，此使得可保護次級密封膜免受過壓。圓頂結構亦包括出現在次級空間中之一次級惰性化管道。面向環形通道，次級熱絕緣障壁包括圍繞護套之玻璃棉。The inner housing has an annular channel around the jacket, which allows the gas present in the secondary thermal insulation barrier to circulate to a secondary space of the dome structure, which is formed radially inside the outer drum. A secondary exhaust device is coupled to the secondary space and thus makes it possible to exhaust the gas from the secondary thermal insulation barrier, which makes it possible to protect the secondary sealing membrane from overpressure. The dome structure also includes a secondary inerting duct emerging in the secondary space. Facing the annular channel, the secondary thermal insulation barrier includes glass wool around the jacket.
此一圓頂結構並不完全令人滿意。實際上，發明人已發現，當含有少量水分之惰性氣體已進入至次級熱絕緣障壁中時，其所含有之水可能被圍繞護套安置之玻璃棉吸收且固化成冰之形式。在此等情況下，冰阻礙氣體通過玻璃棉之循環，且因此影響氣體從次級熱絕緣障壁排出。This dome structure is not entirely satisfactory. In fact, the inventors have found that when an inert gas containing a small amount of water has entered the secondary thermal insulation barrier, the water it contains may be absorbed by the glass wool placed around the jacket and solidify in the form of ice. In these cases, the ice hinders the circulation of the gas through the glass wool and therefore affects the gas from the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
此外，當槽冷卻時，定位於主空間中之聚合物發泡體絕緣填充物收縮並產生間隙，該等間隙影響主空間中之熱絕緣效能位準。Additionally, as the tank cools, the polymer foam insulation filler positioned in the main space shrinks and creates gaps that affect the thermal insulation performance level in the main space.
因此，本發明所基於之一個理念係提出一種用於儲存一液化氣體之裝置，該裝置包括上述類型之一圓頂結構，該圓頂結構配備有一次級排氣裝置，使得可從次級熱絕緣障壁可靠地排出氣體。One idea underlying the invention is therefore to provide a device for storing a liquefied gas, comprising a dome structure of the above-described type, which is provided with a secondary exhaust device, allowing the gas to be reliably exhausted from the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
根據一第一態樣，本發明提供一種液化氣體儲存裝置，其包括： 一承載結構； 一密封且熱絕緣槽，其用於儲存一液化氣體，該槽包括一頂壁，該頂壁在一厚度方向上依次具有靠置於承載結構之至少一次級熱絕緣障壁及靠置於次級熱絕緣障壁之一次級密封膜；及 一圓頂結構，其包括： -一內滾筒，其穿過形成於承載結構中之一孔徑且穿過槽之頂壁； -一外滾筒，其圍繞內滾筒安置且在內滾筒與外滾筒之間徑向地形成一次級空間，該次級空間藉由一環形通道部分與次級熱絕緣障壁連接，該環形通道部分在孔徑中徑向地形成於內滾筒之外部，外滾筒圍繞承載結構之與環形通道部分接界之一環形部分固定至承載結構；及 -一次級排氣裝置，其用於從次級熱絕緣障壁排出一流體，該次級排氣裝置包括出現在次級空間中之一次級排氣管道； 其中承載結構之環形部分包括複數個貫穿開口，其等圍繞環形通道部分分佈且容許氣體從次級熱絕緣障壁循環至次級空間。According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a liquefied gas storage device, which includes: A supporting structure; A sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied gas, the tank including a top wall, the top wall having at least one secondary thermally insulating barrier leaning against the supporting structure and a secondary sealing membrane leaning against the secondary thermally insulating barrier in a thickness direction; and A dome structure, which includes: - an inner drum, which passes through an aperture formed in the supporting structure and through the top wall of the tank; - an outer roller, which is arranged around the inner roller and radially forms a secondary space between the inner roller and the outer roller, the secondary space is connected to the secondary thermal insulation barrier by an annular channel portion, the annular channel portion is radially formed outside the inner roller in the aperture, and an annular portion of the outer roller surrounding the support structure and bordering the annular channel portion is fixed to the support structure; and - a secondary exhaust device, which is used to discharge a fluid from the secondary thermal insulation barrier, the secondary exhaust device includes a secondary exhaust duct appearing in the secondary space; The annular portion of the support structure includes a plurality of through openings which are distributed around the annular channel portion and allow gas to circulate from the secondary thermal insulation barrier to the secondary space.
因此，此等貫穿開口為氣體提供用於從次級熱絕緣障壁循環至次級空間之一額外路徑。因此，即使假定氣體通過孔徑之環形通道部分將被面向環形通道部分安置之一多孔材料中之冰之形成所阻擋，氣體從次級熱絕緣障壁至次級空間之一充分循環將仍係可能的。Thus, these through openings provide an additional path for the gas to circulate from the secondary thermal insulation barrier to the secondary space. Thus, even if it is assumed that the passage of the gas through the annular channel portion of the aperture will be blocked by the formation of ice in a porous material disposed facing the annular channel portion, a sufficient circulation of the gas from the secondary thermal insulation barrier to the secondary space will still be possible.
根據可能獨立於第一態樣實施之一第二態樣，本發明亦提供一種液化氣體儲存裝置，其包括： 一承載結構； 一密封且熱絕緣槽，其用於儲存一液化氣體，該槽包括一頂壁，該頂壁在一厚度方向上依次具有靠置於承載結構之至少一次級熱絕緣障壁、靠置於次級熱絕緣障壁之一次級密封膜、靠置於次級密封膜之一主熱絕緣障壁及靠置於主熱絕緣障壁且用於與儲存於槽中之液化氣體接觸之一主密封膜；及 一圓頂結構，其包括： -一內滾筒，其穿過形成於承載結構中之一孔徑且穿過槽之頂壁，該內滾筒緊密地焊接至主密封膜； -一外滾筒，其圍繞內滾筒安置，該外滾筒圍繞形成於承載結構中之孔徑固定至承載結構；及 -一護套，其圍繞內滾筒安置，該護套包括緊密地耦合至次級密封膜之一底端；該護套緊密地連結至內滾筒，以便在護套與內滾筒之間形成一主空間；該主空間與主熱絕緣障壁連接； -一主排氣管道及一主惰性化管道，其等出現在主空間中；及 -一絕緣填充物，其容置於護套中，該絕緣填充物具有一環形形式且包括：由聚合物發泡體製成之至少兩個區段，各區段包括耦合至主排氣管道及主惰性化管道之一貫穿孔口；及由多孔材料製成之至少一個區段，其被力配合至形成於由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個相鄰區段之間之各空間中。According to a second aspect that may be implemented independently of the first aspect, the present invention also provides a liquefied gas storage device, which includes: A supporting structure; A sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied gas, the tank including a top wall, the top wall having at least one secondary thermally insulating barrier leaning against the supporting structure, a secondary sealing film leaning against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier leaning against the secondary sealing film, and a primary sealing film leaning against the primary thermally insulating barrier and used to contact the liquefied gas stored in the tank in a thickness direction; and A dome structure, which includes: - an inner drum, which passes through an aperture formed in the support structure and through the top wall of the groove, the inner drum being tightly welded to the primary sealing membrane; - an outer drum, which is arranged around the inner drum, the outer drum being fixed to the support structure around the aperture formed in the support structure; and - a jacket, which is arranged around the inner drum, the jacket comprising a bottom end tightly coupled to the secondary sealing membrane; the jacket being tightly connected to the inner drum so as to form a main space between the jacket and the inner drum; the main space being connected to the main thermal insulation barrier; - a main exhaust duct and a main inerting duct, which emerge in the main space; and - an insulating filler contained in the sheath, the insulating filler having an annular form and comprising: at least two sections made of polymer foam, each section comprising a through-hole coupled to the main exhaust duct and the main inerting duct; and at least one section made of porous material, which is force-fitted into each space formed between two adjacent sections made of polymer foam.
根據與第一態樣或第二態樣相關之實施例，此一液化氣體儲存裝置可包括以下特徵之一或多者。According to the embodiments related to the first aspect or the second aspect, such a liquefied gas storage device may include one or more of the following features.
根據一項實施例，次級排氣管道穿過外滾筒。According to one embodiment, the secondary exhaust duct passes through the outer drum.
根據一項實施例，次級排氣管道連結至一閥，該閥依據預設關閉且在主熱絕緣障壁中之壓力超過一預定臨限值壓力時打開。According to one embodiment, the secondary exhaust duct is connected to a valve which is closed by default and opens when the pressure in the primary thermal insulation barrier exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure.
根據一項實施例，圓頂結構包括出現在次級空間中之一次級惰性化管道。According to one embodiment, the dome structure includes a secondary inerting duct emerging in the secondary space.
根據一項實施例，次級惰性化管道穿過外滾筒。According to one embodiment, the secondary inerting tube passes through the outer drum.
根據一項實施例，次級惰性化管道藉由一壓縮機連結至惰性氣體(諸如氮氣)之一貯槽及/或一產生器。According to one embodiment, the secondary inerting line is connected to a tank and/or a generator of an inert gas (such as nitrogen) via a compressor.
根據一項實施例，次級熱絕緣障壁包括次級絕緣面板，該等次級絕緣面板經由複數個膠泥珠靠置於承載結構，該複數個膠泥珠界定次級絕緣面板與承載結構之間之間隙。此進一步促進氣體透過貫穿開口排出。According to one embodiment, the secondary thermal insulation barrier comprises secondary insulation panels which are resting against the carrier structure via a plurality of cement beads which define a gap between the secondary insulation panels and the carrier structure. This further facilitates the venting of gases through the through openings.
根據一項實施例，次級熱絕緣障壁包括由多孔材料製成之一或多個元件，該一或多個元件安置於內滾筒之外部且面向環形通道部分。此促進氣體從次級熱絕緣障壁循環至次級空間，使得未在由多孔材料製成之該等元件中形成冰。According to one embodiment, the secondary thermal insulation barrier comprises one or more elements made of porous material, which are arranged outside the inner drum and facing the annular channel portion. This promotes the circulation of gas from the secondary thermal insulation barrier to the secondary space so that ice is not formed in the elements made of porous material.
根據一項實施例，外滾筒及內滾筒藉由一頂部錨定裝置及一底部錨定裝置彼此錨定，排氣管道出現在頂部錨定裝置與底部錨定裝置之間之次級空間中，底部錨定裝置配備有容許氣體循環通過該底部錨定裝置之通道。According to one embodiment, the outer drum and the inner drum are anchored to each other by a top anchor and a bottom anchor, the exhaust duct emerging in the secondary space between the top anchor and the bottom anchor, the bottom anchor being provided with channels allowing gas to circulate through it.
根據一項實施例，底部錨定裝置包括：一錐形支撐元件，其向下張開且固定至內滾筒；一支撐軸環，其固定至錐形支撐元件且徑向向外突出；及一環形凸緣，其固定至外滾筒且朝向該外滾筒之內部徑向突出，支撐軸環由環形凸緣支撐。According to one embodiment, the bottom anchoring device includes: a conical support element, which is opened downward and fixed to the inner roller; a support shaft ring, which is fixed to the conical support element and protrudes radially outward; and an annular flange, which is fixed to the outer roller and protrudes radially toward the inside of the outer roller, and the support shaft ring is supported by the annular flange.
根據一項實施例，錐形支撐元件具有孔。According to one embodiment, the conical support element has a hole.
根據一項實施例，形成於錐形支撐元件中之孔之至少兩者分別由出現在與主熱絕緣障壁連接之主空間中之一主排氣管道及一主惰性化管道穿過。According to one embodiment, at least two of the holes formed in the conical support element are respectively traversed by a main exhaust duct and a main inerting duct emerging in the main space connected to the main thermal insulation barrier.
根據一項實施例，一填塊插置於支撐軸環與環形凸緣之間。According to one embodiment, a filler block is inserted between the support shaft ring and the annular flange.
根據一項實施例，填塊具有容許氣體循環通過該底部錨定裝置之狹縫。According to one embodiment, the filler block has a slit that allows gas to circulate through the bottom anchoring device.
根據另一實施例，插置於支撐軸環與環形凸緣之間之填塊由若干部件組成，在其等之間具有容許氣體循環通過該底部錨定裝置之一間隙。According to another embodiment, the filler inserted between the supporting collar and the annular flange is composed of several parts, between which there is a gap allowing gas to circulate through the bottom anchoring device.
根據一項實施例，頂壁具有靠置於次級密封膜之一主熱絕緣障壁及靠置於主熱絕緣障壁且用於與儲存於槽中之液化氣體接觸之一主密封膜。According to one embodiment, the top wall has a primary thermal insulation barrier resting against the secondary sealing film and a primary sealing film resting against the primary thermal insulation barrier and for contacting the liquefied gas stored in the tank.
根據一項實施例，內滾筒緊密地焊接至主密封膜。According to one embodiment, the inner drum is tightly welded to the primary sealing membrane.
根據一項實施例，液化氣體儲存裝置包括： -一護套，其圍繞內滾筒安置，該護套包括緊密地耦合至次級密封膜之一底端；該護套緊密地連結至內滾筒，以便在護套與內滾筒之間形成一主空間；該主空間與主熱絕緣障壁連接；及 -一主排氣管道及一主惰性化管道，其等出現在主空間之內部。According to one embodiment, a liquefied gas storage device comprises: - a jacket arranged around an inner drum, the jacket comprising a bottom end tightly coupled to a secondary sealing membrane; the jacket is tightly connected to the inner drum so as to form a main space between the jacket and the inner drum; the main space is connected to a main thermal insulation barrier; and - a main exhaust duct and a main inerting duct, which appear inside the main space.
根據一項實施例，主排氣管道連結至一閥，該閥依據預設關閉且在主熱絕緣障壁中之壓力超過一預定臨限值壓力時打開。According to one embodiment, the main exhaust duct is connected to a valve which is closed by default and opens when the pressure in the main thermal insulation barrier exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure.
根據一項實施例，主惰性化管道藉由一壓縮機連結至惰性氣體(諸如氮氣)之一貯槽及/或一產生器。According to one embodiment, the main inerting line is connected via a compressor to a tank and/or a generator of an inert gas, such as nitrogen.
根據一項實施例，一絕緣填充物容置於護套中，該絕緣填充物具有一環形形式且包括： -由聚合物發泡體製成之至少兩個區段，各區段包括耦合至主排氣管道及主惰性化管道之一貫穿孔口；及 -由多孔材料製成之至少一個區段，其被力配合至形成於由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個相鄰區段之間之各空間中。According to one embodiment, an insulating filler is housed in the sheath, the insulating filler having an annular form and comprising: - at least two sections made of polymer foam, each section comprising a through-hole coupled to the main exhaust duct and the main inerting duct; and - at least one section made of porous material, which is force-fitted into each space formed between two adjacent sections made of polymer foam.
此一結構係有利的，因為其容許氣體在主熱絕緣障壁與主惰性化及排氣管道之間可靠地循環，此係因為形成於由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個區段中之孔口不如一多孔材料之孔般可能被冰堵塞。此外，在壓縮狀態下配合之由多孔材料製成之角度區段使得可補償由聚合物發泡體製成之角度區段之熱收縮且因此有助於獲得極佳熱絕緣效能位準。Such a structure is advantageous because it allows gas to circulate reliably between the main thermal insulation barrier and the main inerting and exhaust duct, since the orifices formed in the two segments made of polymer foam are less likely to become clogged with ice than the orifices of a porous material. Furthermore, the angular segments made of porous material, mating in the compressed state, make it possible to compensate for the thermal contraction of the angular segments made of polymer foam and thus contribute to obtaining an excellent thermal insulation performance level.
根據一項實施例，由聚合物發泡體製成之區段由聚氨酯發泡體產生。According to one embodiment, the section made of polymer foam is produced from polyurethane foam.
根據一項實施例，由多孔材料製成之區段由選自玻璃棉、岩棉及聚酯填料之一材料產生。According to one embodiment, the section made of porous material is produced from a material selected from glass wool, rock wool and polyester filler.
此一裝置可形成一岸上儲存裝置(例如，用於儲存LNG)之部分或安裝於一浮式、近海或深水結構中，尤其係一甲烷油輪(methane tanker vessel)、一浮式儲存及再氣化單元(FSRU)、一遠端浮式生產及儲存單元(FPSO)及其他。此一槽亦可用作任何類型之船舶中之燃料貯槽。Such a device may form part of an onshore storage facility (e.g. for storing LNG) or be installed in a floating, offshore or deepwater structure, in particular a methane tanker vessel, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a remote floating production and storage unit (FPSO) and others. Such a tank may also be used as a fuel tank in any type of vessel.
根據一項實施例，用於運輸一液化氣體之一船舶包括上述類型之一液化氣體儲存裝置。According to one embodiment, a vessel for transporting a liquefied gas comprises a liquefied gas storage device of the above-described type.
根據一項實施例，本發明亦提供一種用於一液化氣體之輸送系統，該系統包括：上述船舶；絕緣管線，其等經配置以將船舶之液化氣體儲存裝置之槽連結至一浮式或岸上儲存裝置；及一泵，其用於驅動液化氣體透過絕緣管線從浮式或岸上儲存裝置流向船舶之液化氣體儲存裝置之槽或從船舶之液化氣體儲存裝置之槽流向浮式或岸上儲存裝置。According to one embodiment, the present invention also provides a transport system for a liquefied gas, the system comprising: the above-mentioned ship; insulated pipelines, which are configured to connect the tank of the ship's liquefied gas storage device to a floating or onshore storage device; and a pump, which is used to drive the liquefied gas to flow from the floating or onshore storage device to the tank of the ship's liquefied gas storage device or from the tank of the ship's liquefied gas storage device to the floating or onshore storage device through the insulated pipeline.
根據一項實施例，本發明亦提供一種用於裝載或卸載此一船舶之方法，其中透過絕緣管線將一液化氣體從一浮式或岸上儲存裝置運送至船舶之液化氣體儲存裝置之槽或從船舶之液化氣體儲存裝置之槽運送至浮式或岸上儲存裝置。According to one embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, wherein a liquefied gas is transported from a floating or onshore storage device to a tank of a liquefied gas storage device of the vessel or from a tank of a liquefied gas storage device of the vessel to a floating or onshore storage device via an insulated pipeline.
關於圖1，描述一承載結構1，用於儲存一液化氣體之一密封且熱絕緣槽用於抵靠該承載結構1固定。承載結構1例如由一船舶之雙層殼體形成。雙層殼體包括一外殼體19及安置於外殼體19內部之一內殼體18。承載結構1具有一大體上多面體形式。其具有兩個壁，前壁及後壁，此處為八角形形式，其中僅在圖1中圖示後承載壁2。前壁及後壁2係例如橫向於船舶之縱向方向延伸之船舶之圍堰壁。承載結構1亦包括一頂部承載壁3、一底部承載壁4及橫向承載壁5、6、7、8、9、10。用於儲存液化氣體之密封且熱絕緣槽包括複數個槽壁，其等各自錨定抵靠承載結構1之承載壁2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10之一者，且因此界定用於容納液化氣體之一內部空間。With reference to FIG. 1 , a bearing structure 1 is described against which a sealed and thermally insulated tank for storing a liquefied gas is fastened. The bearing structure 1 is formed, for example, by the double hull of a ship. The double hull comprises an outer hull 19 and an inner hull 18 arranged inside the outer hull 19. The bearing structure 1 has a generally polyhedral form. It has two walls, a front wall and a rear wall, here of octagonal form, of which only the rear bearing wall 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1 . The front wall and the rear wall 2 are, for example, cofferdam walls of a ship extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship. The bearing structure 1 also comprises a top bearing wall 3, a bottom bearing wall 4 and transverse bearing walls 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing liquefied gas comprises a plurality of tank walls, each of which is anchored against one of the supporting walls 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the supporting structure 1 and thus defines an inner space for containing the liquefied gas.
如圖2中圖示，槽之各壁在壁之厚度方向上從外部至內部依次具有： -一次級熱絕緣障壁12，其包括固定至承載結構1之絕緣元件13； -一次級密封膜14，其錨定至次級熱絕緣障壁12之絕緣元件13； -一主熱絕緣障壁15，其包括絕緣元件16，該等絕緣元件16固定至次級熱絕緣障壁12之絕緣元件13或承載結構1且靠置於次級密封膜14；及 -一主密封膜17，其錨定至主熱絕緣障壁15之絕緣元件16且用於與容納於槽中之液化氣體接觸。As shown in FIG. 2 , each wall of the tank has, in order from the outside to the inside in the thickness direction of the wall: - a secondary thermal insulation barrier 12, which includes an insulating element 13 fixed to the supporting structure 1; - a secondary sealing film 14, which is anchored to the insulating element 13 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12; - a primary thermal insulation barrier 15, which includes insulating elements 16, which are fixed to the insulating element 13 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 or the supporting structure 1 and rest on the secondary sealing film 14; and - a primary sealing film 17, which is anchored to the insulating element 16 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 15 and is used to contact the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
欲儲存於槽中之液化氣體尤其可為乙烷、液化天然氣(LNG) (即，主要包括甲烷及一或多種其他烴之一氣態混合物)或液化石油氣(LPG) (即，源自本質上包括丙烷及丁烷之油之精鍊之烴之一混合物)。The liquefied gas to be stored in the tank may in particular be ethane, liquefied natural gas (LNG) (i.e. a gaseous mixture comprising mainly methane and one or more other hydrocarbons) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (i.e. a mixture of hydrocarbons derived from the refining of oil comprising essentially propane and butane).
在圖3及圖4中圖示之實施例中，次級熱絕緣障壁12之絕緣元件係次級絕緣面板20，該等次級絕緣面板20包括例如由聚氨酯製成之一絕緣聚合物發泡體層21，該絕緣聚合物發泡體層21夾置於剛性(例如，由合板製成)之一蓋板22與一底板23之間。In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the insulating element of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 is a secondary insulation panel 20, which includes an insulating polymer foam layer 21 made of, for example, polyurethane, and the insulating polymer foam layer 21 is sandwiched between a rigid cover plate 22 (for example, made of plywood) and a bottom plate 23.
次級密封膜14由具有凸起邊緣之一連續板條形成。各板條具有靠置於次級絕緣面板20之蓋板上之一平坦中心部分及朝向槽之內部突出之兩個凸起邊緣。板條藉由其等凸起邊緣焊接至焊接支撐件上，該等焊接支撐件固定在形成於次級絕緣面板20之蓋板22上之溝槽中。板條例如由Invar® (即，鐵及鎳之一合金)產生，Invar®之膨脹係數通常在1.2 x 10-6K-1與2.0 x 10-6K-1之間。亦可使用鐵及錳之合金，其膨脹係數通常係約7 x 10-6K-1至10 x 10-6K-1。The secondary sealing membrane 14 is formed by a continuous strip with raised edges. Each strip has a flat central portion resting on the cover plate of the secondary insulating panel 20 and two raised edges protruding towards the inside of the groove. The strip is welded by its raised edges to welding supports, which are fixed in grooves formed on the cover plate 22 of the secondary insulating panel 20. The strip is produced, for example, from Invar® (i.e., an alloy of iron and nickel), the expansion coefficient of Invar® being generally between 1.2 x10-6 K-1 and 2.0 x10-6 K-1 . It is also possible to use an alloy of iron and manganese, the expansion coefficient of which is generally about 7 x10-6 K-1 to 10 x10-6 K-1 .
主熱絕緣障壁15之絕緣元件係主絕緣面板24，該等主絕緣面板24包括例如由聚氨酯製成之一絕緣聚合物發泡體層，該絕緣聚合物發泡體層夾置於剛性(例如，由合板製成)之一蓋板與一底板之間。The insulating elements of the main thermal insulation barrier 15 are main insulating panels 24, which include an insulating polymer foam layer, for example made of polyurethane, which is sandwiched between a rigid (for example, made of plywood) cover panel and a bottom panel.
主密封膜17藉由組裝複數個波紋金屬片而獲得，該複數個波紋金屬片沿著其等邊緣彼此搭焊。波紋朝向槽之內部突出。波紋金屬片固定至錨定條上，該等錨定條固定在形成於主絕緣面板24之蓋板中之埋頭孔中。波紋金屬片例如由不銹鋼或鋁產生。The primary sealing membrane 17 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets which are overlap-welded to each other along their equilateral edges. The corrugations protrude toward the inside of the groove. The corrugated metal sheets are fixed to anchor bars which are fixed in countersunk holes formed in the cover plate of the primary insulating panel 24. The corrugated metal sheets are produced, for example, from stainless steel or aluminum.
替代地，槽之壁亦可根據專利申請案WO14057221、FR2691520及FR2877638中描述之技術產生，該等專利申請案分別針對由申請人開發之Mark V、Mark III®及NO96®產品。Alternatively, the walls of the groove may also be produced according to the techniques described in patent applications WO14057221, FR2691520 and FR2877638, which are respectively for the Mark V, Mark III® and NO96® products developed by the applicant.
關於圖3及圖4，下文根據一項實施例描述一圓頂結構25。圓頂結構25包括圓柱形形式之一外滾筒26，其在槽之頂壁之厚度方向上延伸。外滾筒26穿過形成於外殼體19中之一孔徑。外滾筒26之底端圍繞形成於內殼體18中之一孔徑27緊密地焊接至該內殼體18。因此，內殼體18包括一環形部分34，該環形部分34與孔徑27接界且徑向地安置於外滾筒26之內部。With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 , a dome structure 25 is described below according to an embodiment. The dome structure 25 comprises an outer roller 26 of cylindrical form extending in the thickness direction of the top wall of the groove. The outer roller 26 passes through an aperture formed in the outer shell 19. The bottom end of the outer roller 26 is tightly welded to the inner shell 18 around an aperture 27 formed in the inner shell 18. Therefore, the inner shell 18 comprises an annular portion 34, which borders the aperture 27 and is radially disposed inside the outer roller 26.
外滾筒26之頂部結構由一可移除蓋28緊密地封閉。The top structure of the outer drum 26 is tightly closed by a removable cover 28.
圓頂結構25亦包括安置於外滾筒26之內部之一內滾筒29。內滾筒29與外滾筒26同心且穿過形成於內殼體18中之孔徑27。內滾筒29亦穿過槽之頂壁。內滾筒29包括一底端，該底端緊密地焊接至主密封膜17，以便確保主熱絕緣障壁15相對於槽之內部空間之密封性。內滾筒29在其兩端之各者處敞開。外滾筒26及內滾筒29藉由一頂部錨定裝置31及一底部錨定裝置32彼此錨定。The dome structure 25 also includes an inner drum 29 placed inside the outer drum 26. The inner drum 29 is concentric with the outer drum 26 and passes through the aperture 27 formed in the inner shell 18. The inner drum 29 also passes through the top wall of the tank. The inner drum 29 includes a bottom end that is tightly welded to the main sealing membrane 17 in order to ensure the sealing of the main thermal insulation barrier 15 relative to the inner space of the tank. The inner drum 29 is open at each of its two ends. The outer drum 26 and the inner drum 29 are anchored to each other by a top anchor 31 and a bottom anchor 32.
頂部錨定裝置31包括固定至內滾筒29且圍繞內滾筒29徑向向外突出之一支撐軸環50及焊接至外滾筒26且朝向其內部徑向突出之一環形凸緣51。支撐軸環50靠置於環形凸緣51。支撐軸環50及環形凸緣51彼此緊密地焊接。因此，在該支撐軸環50及環形凸緣51下方之外滾筒26與內滾筒29之間形成一次級空間52。在頂部錨定裝置31下方，一絕緣層65均勻地分佈於內滾筒29之外部範圍上。The top anchoring device 31 includes a support ring 50 fixed to the inner roller 29 and protruding radially outward around the inner roller 29, and an annular flange 51 welded to the outer roller 26 and protruding radially toward the inner part thereof. The support ring 50 rests on the annular flange 51. The support ring 50 and the annular flange 51 are tightly welded to each other. Therefore, a secondary space 52 is formed between the outer roller 26 and the inner roller 29 below the support ring 50 and the annular flange 51. Below the top anchor 31, an insulating layer 65 is evenly distributed on the outer area of the inner drum 29.
在所圖示之實施例中，內滾筒29經由一補償器件(在圖3中可見)固定至支撐軸環50，從而容許內滾筒29收縮或膨脹。此處之補償器件包括一金屬管，該金屬管具有複數個波紋管且一方面固定至內滾筒29且另一方面固定至支撐軸環50。In the illustrated embodiment, the inner roller 29 is fixed to the support ring 50 via a compensating device (visible in FIG. 3 ), thereby allowing the inner roller 29 to contract or expand. The compensating device here comprises a metal tube having a plurality of bellows and fixed to the inner roller 29 on the one hand and to the support ring 50 on the other hand.
底部錨定裝置32包括一錐形支撐元件53，該錐形支撐元件53向下張開且圍繞內滾筒29焊接至內滾筒29。其亦包括一支撐環，該支撐環焊接至錐形支撐元件53之徑向外邊緣且包括徑向向外突出之一支撐軸環54。底部錨定裝置32亦包括一環形凸緣55，該環形凸緣55焊接至外滾筒26且朝向其內部徑向突出。如在所圖示之實施例中，支撐軸環54直接或間接經由插置於該支撐軸環54與該環形凸緣55之間之一填塊56靠置於該環形凸緣55上。填塊56例如由木材製成。其例如藉由螺栓固定及/或藉由藉助於一樹脂或膠之接合抵靠支撐軸環54及環形凸緣55固定。有利地，填塊56之厚度被判定為在槽之頂壁之厚度方向上佔據內滾筒29相對於外滾筒26之製造及/或定位公差。The bottom anchor 32 comprises a conical support element 53 which is flared downwards and welded to the inner roller 29 around the inner roller 29. It also comprises a support ring which is welded to the radially outer edge of the conical support element 53 and comprises a support shaft ring 54 which projects radially outwards. The bottom anchor 32 also comprises an annular flange 55 which is welded to the outer roller 26 and projects radially towards the inside thereof. As in the illustrated embodiment, the support collar 54 rests on the annular flange 55 directly or indirectly via a filler 56 inserted between the support collar 54 and the annular flange 55. The filler 56 is made of wood, for example. It is fixed against the support collar 54 and the annular flange 55, for example by bolts and/or by a joint with the aid of a resin or glue. Advantageously, the thickness of the filler 56 is determined to account for the manufacturing and/or positioning tolerances of the inner roller 29 relative to the outer roller 26 in the thickness direction of the top wall of the groove.
圓頂結構25亦包括與內滾筒29同心且穿過內滾筒29之一管道33。此管道33尤其使得可將儲存於槽中之氣相液化氣體從槽之內部空間傳導至定位於圓頂結構25之頂端處之一收集區35。圓頂結構25亦包括至少一個蒸氣收集管道63，該蒸氣收集管道63緊密地穿過外滾筒26之壁且出現在收集區35中。因此，一或多個蒸氣收集管道63能夠在收集區35與安置於圓頂結構25外部之一蒸氣收集器(未圖示)之間傳導蒸氣。The dome structure 25 also comprises a pipe 33 which is concentric with the inner drum 29 and passes through the inner drum 29. This pipe 33 makes it possible in particular to conduct the gaseous liquefied gas stored in the tank from the internal space of the tank to a collection area 35 located at the top end of the dome structure 25. The dome structure 25 also comprises at least one vapor collection pipe 63 which passes closely through the wall of the outer drum 26 and emerges in the collection area 35. Thus, one or more vapor collection pipes 63 are able to conduct vapor between the collection area 35 and a vapor collector (not shown) arranged outside the dome structure 25.
圓頂結構25亦包括一護套57，在圖3及圖4中可見，該護套57與外滾筒26同心且徑向地安置於外滾筒26與內滾筒29之間。護套57亦穿過形成於內殼體18中之孔徑27。護套57之頂端緊密地焊接至一頂部環形板30，該頂部環形板30亦緊密地焊接至內滾筒29。護套57之底端緊密地焊接至次級密封膜14。因此，在護套57與內滾筒29之間形成一主空間58。在內滾筒29與護套57之間形成一環形通道，其容許存在於主熱絕緣障壁15中之一流體朝向主空間58循環或反之亦然。The dome structure 25 also includes a jacket 57, which can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, and is concentric with the outer roller 26 and radially disposed between the outer roller 26 and the inner roller 29. The jacket 57 also passes through the aperture 27 formed in the inner shell 18. The top end of the jacket 57 is tightly welded to a top annular plate 30, which is also tightly welded to the inner roller 29. The bottom end of the jacket 57 is tightly welded to the secondary sealing membrane 14. Therefore, a main space 58 is formed between the jacket 57 and the inner roller 29. An annular channel is formed between the inner drum 29 and the jacket 57, which allows a fluid present in the primary thermal insulation barrier 15 to circulate towards the primary space 58 or vice versa.
圓頂結構25包括出現在主空間58內部之一排氣管道59。排氣管道59連結至一閥(未圖示)，該閥依據預設關閉且在主熱絕緣障壁15中之壓力超過一預定臨限值壓力時打開。因此，排氣管道59用於保護主密封膜17免受可能在主熱絕緣障壁15中出現之過壓。有利地，排氣管道59包括纏繞內滾筒29之一螺旋區，且因此容許該排氣管道59之熱收縮及膨脹。The dome structure 25 comprises an exhaust duct 59 emerging inside the main space 58. The exhaust duct 59 is connected to a valve (not shown) which is closed by default and opens when the pressure in the primary thermal insulation barrier 15 exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure. Thus, the exhaust duct 59 serves to protect the primary sealing membrane 17 from overpressures that may occur in the primary thermal insulation barrier 15. Advantageously, the exhaust duct 59 comprises a spiral zone wrapped around the inner drum 29 and thus allows thermal contraction and expansion of the exhaust duct 59.
圓頂結構25亦包括一惰性化管道60，其亦出現在主空間58內部。惰性化管道60藉由一壓縮機連結至惰性氣體(諸如氮氣)之一貯槽及/或一產生器，此使得惰性氣體可在主熱絕緣障壁15中循環。The dome structure 25 also comprises an inertization duct 60, which also emerges inside the main space 58. The inertization duct 60 is connected to a reservoir and/or a generator of an inert gas (such as nitrogen) by means of a compressor, which allows the inert gas to circulate in the main thermal insulation barrier 15.
此外，護套57未焊接至雙層殼體之內殼體18，使得孔徑27在該護套57與內殼體18之間具有一環形通道部分，從而容許存在於次級熱絕緣障壁12中之流體朝向次級空間52循環。一次級排氣管道61及一惰性化管道62緊密地穿過外滾筒26以出現在次級空間52中。次級排氣管道61連結至一閥，該閥依據預設關閉且在次級熱絕緣障壁12內部之壓力超過一預定臨限值時打開。因此，可保護次級密封膜14免受可能在次級熱絕緣障壁12中出現之過壓。惰性化管道62藉由一壓縮機連結至惰性氣體(諸如氮氣)之一貯槽及/或一產生器，此使得惰性氣體可在次級熱絕緣障壁12中循環。In addition, the jacket 57 is not welded to the inner shell 18 of the double-layer shell, so that the aperture 27 has an annular passage portion between the jacket 57 and the inner shell 18, thereby allowing the fluid present in the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 to circulate toward the secondary space 52. A secondary exhaust duct 61 and an inertization duct 62 pass closely through the outer drum 26 to appear in the secondary space 52. The secondary exhaust duct 61 is connected to a valve that is closed by default and opens when the pressure inside the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 exceeds a predetermined critical value. Therefore, the secondary sealing membrane 14 can be protected from overpressure that may occur in the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12. The inertization line 62 is connected to a storage tank and/or a generator of an inert gas (such as nitrogen) via a compressor, which allows the inert gas to circulate in the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12.
在實施例中，次級熱絕緣障壁12包括由多孔材料製成之一或多個元件36，該一或多個元件圍繞護套57安置，面向形成於護套57與內殼體18之間之環形通道部分。由多孔材料製成之一或多個元件36由選自玻璃棉、岩棉及聚酯填料之一材料產生，且較佳地由玻璃棉產生。由多孔材料製成之面向形成於護套57與內殼體18之間之環形通道部分之此等元件36之存在之目的係促進氣體從次級熱絕緣障壁12循環至次級空間52。然而，另一方面，此等材料確實存在吸收水分之缺點，此可導致可能阻礙上述氣體循環之冰之形成。In an embodiment, the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 comprises one or more elements 36 made of porous material, which are arranged around the jacket 57, facing the annular channel portion formed between the jacket 57 and the inner shell 18. The one or more elements 36 made of porous material are produced from a material selected from glass wool, rock wool and polyester filler, and are preferably produced from glass wool. The purpose of the presence of these elements 36 made of porous material facing the annular channel portion formed between the jacket 57 and the inner shell 18 is to promote the circulation of gas from the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 to the secondary space 52. However, on the other hand, these materials do have the disadvantage of absorbing moisture, which can lead to the formation of ice that may hinder the above-mentioned gas circulation.
此外，如圖4中圖示，與孔徑27接界之內殼體18之環形部分34包括圍繞孔徑27分佈之複數個開口38。開口38係貫穿開口，即，其等穿過內殼體18且因此容許存在於次級熱絕緣障壁12中之氣體朝向圓頂結構25之次級空間52循環。次級熱絕緣障壁12之次級絕緣面板20經由複數個膠泥珠39靠置於內殼體18。此等膠泥珠39尤其使得可中和內殼體18之平整度缺陷。其等亦具有在次級絕緣面板20與內殼體18之間產生有利於氣體通過之間隙之效應。Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4 , the annular portion 34 of the inner shell 18 bordering the aperture 27 comprises a plurality of openings 38 distributed around the aperture 27. The openings 38 are through-openings, i.e. they pass through the inner shell 18 and thus allow the gas present in the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 to circulate towards the secondary space 52 of the dome structure 25. The secondary insulation panel 20 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 12 rests against the inner shell 18 via a plurality of cement beads 39. These cement beads 39 make it possible, in particular, to neutralize flatness defects of the inner shell 18. They also have the effect of creating a gap between the secondary insulation panel 20 and the inner shell 18 that is favorable for the passage of gas.
根據一有利實施例，尤其如圖6中圖示，插置於該支撐軸環54與該環形凸緣55之間之填塊56亦具有狹縫49。因此，此等狹縫49促進氣體通過底部錨定裝置32。替代地，填塊56由若干部件組成，其等之間具有容許氣體通過底部錨定裝置32之一間隔。在圖6中亦將觀察到，錐形支撐元件53具有孔47、48，該等孔亦容許氣體循環通過底部錨定裝置32，且分別由排氣管道59及惰性化管道60穿過。According to an advantageous embodiment, as illustrated in particular in FIG6 , the filler 56 inserted between the support collar 54 and the annular flange 55 also has slits 49. These slits 49 thus facilitate the passage of gas through the bottom anchor 32. Alternatively, the filler 56 is composed of several parts having a spacing therebetween that allows the passage of gas through the bottom anchor 32. It will also be observed in FIG6 that the conical support element 53 has holes 47, 48 that also allow gas to circulate through the bottom anchor 32 and to be traversed by an exhaust duct 59 and an inerting duct 60, respectively.
關於圖5，下文描述根據一有利實施例之容置於護套57中之一絕緣填充物40之結構。在此實施例中，絕緣填充物40具有環形形式。其包括由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個區段41、42及由多孔材料製成之兩個區段43、44。由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個區段41、42各自包括一貫穿孔口45、46，其在頂壁之厚度方向上穿過由聚合物發泡體製成之該區段41、42。如圖4中圖示，貫穿孔口45耦合至排氣管道59，而貫穿孔口46耦合至惰性化管道60。因此，氣體循環通過主熱絕緣障壁15與排氣管道59或惰性化管道60之間之貫穿孔口45、46，此避免氣體之循環被冰阻擋，如透過一多孔材料之情況。With respect to FIG. 5 , the following describes the structure of an insulating filler 40 housed in a sheath 57 according to an advantageous embodiment. In this embodiment, the insulating filler 40 has an annular form. It includes two sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam and two sections 43, 44 made of porous material. The two sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam each include a through-hole 45, 46, which passes through the sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam in the thickness direction of the top wall. As shown in FIG. 4 , the through-hole 45 is coupled to the exhaust duct 59, and the through-hole 46 is coupled to the inerting duct 60. Thus, the gas circulates through the through-openings 45, 46 between the main thermal insulation barrier 15 and the exhaust duct 59 or the inerting duct 60, which avoids the circulation of the gas being blocked by ice, as would be the case through a porous material.
此外，由多孔材料製成之兩個區段43、44分別定位在形成於由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個區段41、42之間之兩個空間之一者及另一者中。當其等容置於護套57之內部時，由多孔材料製成之兩個區段43、44各自被力配合在由聚合物發泡體製成之兩個區段41、42之間。換言之，其等安置成一壓縮狀態，其中其等可膨脹以補償由聚合物發泡體製成之區段41、42之熱收縮。Furthermore, the two sections 43, 44 made of porous material are respectively positioned in one and the other of the two spaces formed between the two sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam. When they are accommodated inside the sheath 57, the two sections 43, 44 made of porous material are each force-fitted between the two sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam. In other words, they are placed in a compressed state in which they can expand to compensate for the thermal contraction of the sections 41, 42 made of polymer foam.
由多孔材料製成之區段43、44由選自玻璃棉、岩棉及聚酯填料之一材料產生，較佳材料係玻璃棉。The sections 43, 44 made of porous material are produced from a material selected from glass wool, rock wool and polyester filler, and the preferred material is glass wool.
在所圖示之實施例中，主熱絕緣障壁15包括由多孔材料製成之一或多個元件37，該一或多個元件37圍繞內滾筒29安置，面向形成於內滾筒29與護套57之間之環形通道。In the illustrated embodiment, the primary thermal insulation barrier 15 comprises one or more elements 37 made of porous material, which are arranged around the inner drum 29 facing the annular channel formed between the inner drum 29 and the jacket 57.
參考圖7，一甲烷油輪70之一剖面圖展示安裝於船舶之雙層殼體72中之大體上稜柱形式之一密封且熱絕緣槽71。槽71之壁包括：一主密封膜，其用於與容納於槽中之LNG接觸；一次級密封膜，其配置於主密封膜與船舶之雙層殼體72之間，及兩個熱絕緣障壁，其等分別配置於主密封膜與次級密封膜之間及次級密封膜與雙層殼體72之間。Referring to Fig. 7, a cross-sectional view of a methane tanker 70 shows a sealed and thermally insulated tank 71 in the form of a prism installed in the double hull 72 of the vessel. The wall of the tank 71 includes: a primary sealing membrane, which is used to contact the LNG contained in the tank; a secondary sealing membrane, which is arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two thermally insulating barriers, which are respectively arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the secondary sealing membrane and between the secondary sealing membrane and the double hull 72.
眾所周知，可藉由適當連接器將安置於船舶之頂部甲板上之裝載/卸載管線73耦合至一海運或港口碼頭以從槽71輸送一LNG貨物或將LNG貨物輸送至槽71。As is known, a loading/unloading pipeline 73 disposed on the top deck of the vessel can be coupled to a marine or port terminal via appropriate connectors to transfer an LNG cargo from or to the tank 71.
圖7表示包括一裝載及卸載站75、一海底管道76及一岸上裝置77之一海運碼頭之一實例。裝載及卸載站75係包括一可移動臂74及支撐可移動臂74之一塔78之一固定離岸裝置。可移動臂74承載可連接至裝載/卸載管線73之一捆可撓性絕緣管79。可定向之可移動臂74適於全部甲烷油輪模板。未圖示之一連結管道在塔78之內部延伸。裝載及卸載站75容許將甲烷油輪70從岸上裝置77裝載或卸載至岸上裝置77。後者包括液化氣體儲存槽80及藉由海底管道76連結至裝載或卸載站75之連結管道81。海底管道76容許液化氣體在裝載或卸載站75與岸上裝置77之間輸送一較長距離，例如5 km，此使得可在裝載及卸載操作期間將甲烷油輪70保持在離海岸較遠之一距離處。FIG. 7 shows an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, a submarine pipeline 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 supporting the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of flexible insulating pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading/unloading pipeline 73. The orientable movable arm 74 is suitable for all methane tanker templates. A connecting pipeline not shown extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the methane tanker 70 to be loaded or unloaded from the onshore installation 77 to the onshore installation 77. The latter comprises a liquefied gas storage tank 80 and a connecting pipeline 81 which is connected to the loading or unloading station 75 by the submarine pipeline 76. The subsea pipeline 76 allows the liquefied gas to be transported a longer distance, for example 5 km, between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77, which makes it possible to keep the methane tanker 70 at a greater distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
為了產生輸送液化氣體所需之壓力，實施嵌入船舶70中之泵及/或岸上裝置77所配備之泵及/或裝載及卸載站75所配備之泵。In order to generate the pressure required for transporting the liquefied gas, a pump embedded in the vessel 70 and/or a pump equipped in the shore installation 77 and/or a pump equipped in the loading and unloading station 75 is implemented.
儘管已結合若干特定實施例描述本發明，然十分明顯地，本發明絕不限於此且其涵蓋所描述之構件及其組合之全部技術等效物，若後者落入如由發明申請專利範圍定義之本發明之上下文內。Although the invention has been described in conjunction with a number of specific embodiments, it is quite obvious that the invention is by no means limited thereto and that it encompasses all technical equivalents of the described means and combinations thereof, if the latter fall within the context of the invention as defined by the scope of the patent application.
動詞「包括」或「包含」及其變化形式之使用並不排除除在發明申請專利範圍中陳述以外之元件或步驟之存在。Use of the verb "comprise" or "include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in the scope of the invention.
在發明申請專利範圍中，括號之間之任何參考符號不應被解釋為對發明申請專利範圍之一限制。Any reference signs between parentheses in the scope of the invention claims shall not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention claims.
1:承載結構 2:後承載壁 3:頂部承載壁 4:底部承載壁 5:橫向承載壁 6:橫向承載壁 7:橫向承載壁 8:橫向承載壁 9:橫向承載壁 10:橫向承載壁 12:次級熱絕緣障壁 13:絕緣元件 14:次級密封膜 15:主熱絕緣障壁 16:絕緣元件 17:主密封膜 18:內殼體 19:外殼體 20:次級絕緣面板 21:絕緣聚合物發泡體層 22:蓋板 23:底板 24:主絕緣面板 25:圓頂結構 26:外滾筒 27:孔徑 28:可移除蓋 29:內滾筒 31:頂部錨定裝置 32:底部錨定裝置 33:管道 34:環形部分 35:收集區 36:由多孔材料製成之元件 37:由多孔材料製成之元件 38:貫穿開口 39:膠泥珠 40:絕緣填充物 41:由聚合物發泡體製成之區段 42:由聚合物發泡體製成之區段 43:由多孔材料製成之區段 44:由多孔材料製成之區段 45:貫穿孔口 46:貫穿孔口 47:孔 48:孔 49:狹縫 50:支撐軸環 51:環形凸緣 52:次級空間 53:錐形支撐元件 54:支撐軸環 55:環形凸緣 56:填塊 57:護套 58:主空間 59:排氣管道 60:惰性化管道 61:次級排氣管道 62:惰性化管道 63:蒸氣收集管道 65:絕緣層 70:甲烷油輪/船舶 71:槽 72:雙層殼體 73:裝載/卸載管線 74:可移動臂 75:裝載及卸載站 76:海底管道 77:岸上裝置 78:塔 79:可撓性絕緣管 80:液化氣體儲存槽 81:連結管道1: Load-bearing structure2: Rear load-bearing wall3: Top load-bearing wall4: Bottom load-bearing wall5: Horizontal load-bearing wall6: Horizontal load-bearing wall7: Horizontal load-bearing wall8: Horizontal load-bearing wall9: Horizontal load-bearing wall10: Horizontal load-bearing wall12: Secondary thermal insulation barrier13: Insulation element14: Secondary sealing film15: Primary thermal insulation barrier16: Insulation element17: Primary sealing film18: Inner shell19: Outer shell20: Secondary insulation panel21: Insulation polymer foam layer22: Cover plate23: Bottom plate24: Main insulation panel25: Dome structure26: Outer drum27: Aperture28: Removable cover29: Inner drum31: Top anchor32: Bottom anchor33: Pipe34: Annular section35: Collection area36: Element made of porous material37: Element made of porous material38: Through opening39: Clay beads40: Insulation filler41: Section made of polymer foam42: Section made of polymer foam43: Section made of porous material44: Section made of porous material45: Through hole46: Through hole47: Hole48: Hole49: Slit50: Support collar51: Annular flange52: Secondary space53: Conical support element54: Support collar55: Annular flange56: Filler57: Jacket58: Main space59: Exhaust duct60: Inerting duct61: Secondary exhaust duct62: Inerting duct63: Vapour collection duct65: Insulation layer70: Methane tanker/ship71: Tank72: Double hull73: Loading/unloading pipeline74: Movable arm75: Loading and unloading station76: Subsea pipeline77: Onshore installation78: Tower79: Flexible insulation pipe80: Liquefied gas storage tank81: Connecting pipeline
參考隨附圖式，從以一完全闡釋性及非限制性方式給出之本發明之若干特定實施例之以下描述將變得更佳理解本發明且更清楚明白其之其他目標、細節、特徵及優點。The present invention will become better understood and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following description of several specific embodiments of the present invention given in a fully illustrative and non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings.
圖1係用於支撐用於儲存一液化氣體之一密封且熱絕緣槽之一承載結構之一示意性透視圖，圓頂結構未被圖示。FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a support structure for supporting a sealed and thermally insulated tank for storing a liquefied gas, with the dome structure not shown.
圖2係槽之壁之多層結構之一示意圖。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer structure of a groove wall.
圖3係根據一項實施例之一圓頂結構之一橫截面視圖，該圓頂結構穿過一密封且熱絕緣槽之一頂壁。3 is a cross-sectional view of a dome structure through a top wall of a sealed and thermally insulating trough according to one embodiment.
圖4係圖3之槽之頂壁及圓頂結構之一詳細視圖。FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the top wall and dome structure of the trough of FIG. 3 .
圖5係根據一有利實施例之一絕緣填充物之一透視圖，該絕緣填充物用於定位於圖3及圖4中繪示之圓頂結構之護套之內部。5 is a perspective view of an insulating filler for positioning inside the jacket of the dome structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 according to an advantageous embodiment.
圖6係可在圖3及圖4中繪示之圓頂結構中將內滾筒錨定至外滾筒之底部錨定裝置之一俯視圖。FIG. 6 is a top view of a bottom anchoring device that may anchor the inner drum to the outer drum in the dome structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
圖7係包括一液化天然氣儲存槽及用於裝載/卸載此槽之一終端之一船舶之一剖面示意圖。FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vessel including a liquefied natural gas storage tank and a terminal for loading/unloading the tank.
18:內殼體18: Inner shell
20:次級絕緣面板20: Secondary insulation panel
21:絕緣聚合物發泡體層21: Insulating polymer foam layer
22:蓋板22: Cover plate
23:底板23: Base plate
26:外滾筒26: Outer roller
27:孔徑27: Aperture
34:環形部分34: Ring part
36:由多孔材料製成之元件36: Components made of porous materials
37:由多孔材料製成之元件37: Components made of porous materials
38:貫穿開口38:Through the opening
39:膠泥珠39: Clay beads
41:由聚合物發泡體製成之區段41: Section made of polymer foam
42:由聚合物發泡體製成之區段42: Section made of polymer foam
45:貫穿孔口45: Penetration hole
46:貫穿孔口46: Penetration hole
47:孔47: Hole
48:孔48: Hole
49:狹縫49: Narrow seam
53:錐形支撐元件53: Conical support element
54:支撐軸環54: Support shaft ring
55:環形凸緣55: Annular flange
56:填塊56: Filling block
57:護套57: Sheath
59:排氣管道59: Exhaust duct
60:惰性化管道60: Inerting pipelines
65:絕緣層65: Insulation layer
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2307358AFR3151073A1 (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Liquefied gas storage facility with dome structure |
| FR2307358 | 2023-07-10 |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW202514010Atrue TW202514010A (en) | 2025-04-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW113124272ATW202514010A (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2024-06-28 | Installation for storing a liquefied gas comprising a dome structure |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2025011058A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20250009904A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN119289271A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3151073A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW202514010A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120368196B (en)* | 2025-06-27 | 2025-08-29 | 中太能源科技(上海)有限公司 | A dome protection device for cryogenic liquefied gas membrane storage tanks |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2691520B1 (en) | 1992-05-20 | 1994-09-02 | Technigaz Ste Nle | Prefabricated structure for forming watertight and thermally insulating walls for containment of a fluid at very low temperature. |
| FR2877638B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2007-01-19 | Gaz Transp Et Technigaz Soc Pa | THERMALLY INSULATED AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK WITH COMPRESSION-RESISTANT CALORIFIC ELEMENTS |
| FR2996520B1 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2014-10-24 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK COMPRISING A METALIC MEMBRANE WOUNDED ACCORDING TO ORTHOGONAL PLATES |
| KR20180065263A (en)* | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-18 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Gas dome spray apparatus of lng storage tank |
| FR3069904B1 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2020-10-02 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATION CONTAINING A GAS DOME STRUCTURE |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3151073A1 (en) | 2025-01-17 |
| KR20250009904A (en) | 2025-01-20 |
| CN119289271A (en) | 2025-01-10 |
| JP2025011058A (en) | 2025-01-23 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR102029862B1 (en) | Vessel wall comprising a pipe | |
| JP7229259B2 (en) | Equipment for storing and transporting liquefied gas | |
| CN108413244B (en) | Gas dome for sealing an insulated tank | |
| CN109416150B (en) | Gas dome construction for sealing insulated tanks | |
| US11719388B2 (en) | Thermally insulating sealed tank | |
| KR20230152588A (en) | Tank wall comprising a through-conduit | |
| KR102750434B1 (en) | Tank walls for insulation and leak prevention | |
| TW202514010A (en) | Installation for storing a liquefied gas comprising a dome structure | |
| KR20230009428A (en) | Liquid dome of a storage tank for liquefied gas, having an opening with an additional hatch | |
| TW202303032A (en) | Storage installation for liquefied gas | |
| KR20220125329A (en) | Liquefied gas storage facility | |
| JP7219772B2 (en) | Systems for storing and transporting cryogenic fluids on ships | |
| RU2845604C1 (en) | Liquefied gas storage plant containing dome structure | |
| JP2023090674A (en) | Liquefied gas storage facility comprising tank and dome structure | |
| CN116490721A (en) | Sealed and thermally insulated tank | |
| KR20230012570A (en) | Liquefied gas storage facility | |
| KR102829466B1 (en) | A liquefied gas storage facility including a dome structure supporting an injection boom | |
| RU2817469C1 (en) | Liquefied gas storage | |
| RU2783569C2 (en) | Installation for storage and transportation of cryogenic fluid on vessel | |
| JP2024109540A (en) | Liquefied Gas Storage Facilities | |
| TW202514009A (en) | Liquefied-gas storage facility | |
| KR20210152973A (en) | Tank wall for fluid-tight and thermally insulating tank | |
| CN116951303A (en) | Sealed and thermally insulated tank, facility for storing a fluid, ship, use thereof and cold liquid transfer system | |
| KR20210083326A (en) | liquefied gas storage facility |