本發明係有關於一種使用動物獸皮製成的皮革層來製造具有電子層的皮革的方法。The present invention relates to a method of making a leather having an electronic layer using a leather layer made of animal skin.
專利文獻WO 2013/045124 A1揭露一種用來製造具有織布/不織布層的皮革的方法。它進一步揭露導電的電線被編織到該織布層及/或該不織布層中。該等電線可分別被用作為用於座位加熱裝置的加熱電線或作為用於放出電磁輻射或電子霧的網狀物(meshwork)。A method for producing a leather having a woven/nonwoven layer is disclosed in the patent document WO 2013/045124 A1. It further discloses that the electrically conductive wires are woven into the woven fabric layer and/or the nonwoven fabric layer. These wires can be used as heating wires for the seat heating device or as a meshwork for emitting electromagnetic radiation or electron fog, respectively.
在該習知的方法及其製造的皮革中，該皮革的用途的可能性受到侷限，這是不利的。In the conventional method and the leather produced therefrom, the possibility of the use of the leather is limited, which is disadvantageous.
本發明的任務是要提供一種用來製造具有電子層和皮革層的皮革的方法，其中該皮革可以有許多的用途，此外，用於該製造的一種具有成本效益及簡單的方法是所想要的。It is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a leather having an electronic layer and a leather layer, wherein the leather can have many uses and, in addition, a cost-effective and simple method for the manufacture.It is what you want.
依據本發明，此任務係藉由在該皮革的製造中，在至少一功能化步驟中，功能性元件被施加至該皮革層的一皮革表面上作為電子層來達成。According to the invention, this object is achieved by the application of a functional element to a leather surface of the leather layer as an electronic layer in at least one functionalization step in the manufacture of the leather.
此任務係由具有下列層構造的皮革來達成：一用動物獸皮製成的皮革層；至少一具有諸功能性元件的電子層，其被施加在該皮革層的皮革表面上。This task is achieved by a leather having the following layer construction: a leather layer made of animal skin; at least one electronic layer having functional elements applied to the leather surface of the leather layer.
藉由將該電子層的該等功能性元件直接施加在該層表面上，該皮革的功能的可能性被有利地放大。以此方式，該等功能性元件可被直接接觸地(accessible)用作為壓敏式控制元件，且在此同時用於設計該皮革的外觀。該等功能性元件可用一種極簡單且具成本效益的方式(例如，藉由網版印刷)而進一步被施加於該皮革上。By applying the functional elements of the electronic layer directly to the surface of the layer, the possibility of the function of the leather is advantageously amplified. In this way, the functional elements can be used directly as pressure sensitive control elements and at the same time used to design the appearance of the leather. The functional elements can be further applied to the leather in an extremely simple and cost effective manner (e.g., by screen printing).
在該至少一功能化步驟之前，在至少一修整步驟(finishing step)中一皮革修整物較佳地被施加於該皮革表面上或一研磨底材上，其中該電子層被施加於該皮革修整物的表面上。以此方式，例如，具成本效益的貼合皮革可被實施，其藉由該修整來提供天然皮革紋理的外觀和特性。該研磨基材在此處主要係作為該貼合皮革的表面的平坦化之用。Prior to the at least one functionalizing step, a leather trim is preferably applied to the leather surface or to a polishing substrate in at least one finishing step, wherein the electronic layer is applied to the leather trimming On the surface of the object. In this manner, for example, a cost effective fit leather can be implemented that provides the appearance and characteristics of a natural leather texture by the trimming. The abrasive substrate is here primarily used for planarization of the surface of the bonded leather.
特佳的是，該皮革修整物是在數個修整步驟中被施加至該皮革表面上或該研磨底材上成為一多層式系統，其中該多層式系統中的每一層係藉由一修整步驟而被施加在該皮革表面、該研磨底材或該多層式系統中的前一層上，其中該電子層被施加作為該多層式系統的該等層中的一層。以此方式，該皮革修整物可由各式顏色及防護漆層組成，其中該電子層例如被導入到該多層式系統內的該皮革修整物的一防護漆層的底下。因此，該等功能性元件受到保護而不受機械式損害及環境的衝擊。藉此，該防護漆層或另一修整層會部分地滲入該電子層，尤其是，如果該等功能性元件很薄的話。以此方式，該等功能性元件完全整合至該皮革修整物內被提供，這提高了該等功能性元件的保護且對於該皮革外觀的一更好的設計有所貢獻。Particularly preferably, the leather trim is applied to the leather surface or to the abrasive substrate in a plurality of finishing steps to form a multi-layer system, wherein each layer of the multi-layer system is trimmed Step byApplied to the leather surface, the abrasive substrate, or the previous layer in the multilayer system, wherein the electronic layer is applied as one of the layers of the multilayer system. In this way, the leather trim can be composed of a variety of colors and protective lacquer layers, wherein the electronic layer is for example introduced underneath a protective lacquer layer of the leather trim in the multi-layer system. Therefore, the functional elements are protected from mechanical damage and environmental impact. Thereby, the protective lacquer layer or another finishing layer partially penetrates into the electronic layer, in particular if the functional elements are thin. In this way, the functional elements are fully integrated into the leather trim, which enhances the protection of the functional elements and contributes to a better design of the leather appearance.
此外，在至少兩個功能化步驟中，該等功能性元件較佳地可被施加作為電子層，其中每一電子層係在每一功能化步驟中被施加作為該多層式系統的該等層中的一層。以此方式，具有諸功能性元件的數個電子層可分別被導入到該皮革修整物或該多層式系統中，藉以有利地提供數種功能或用途。Furthermore, in at least two functionalization steps, the functional elements are preferably applied as an electronic layer, wherein each electronic layer is applied as the layer of the multi-layer system in each functionalization step One of the layers. In this way, several electronic layers having functional elements can be introduced into the leather trim or the multi-layer system, respectively, thereby advantageously providing several functions or uses.
在一較佳的實施例中，以例如導電的橫向連接線形式的功能性元件在該等功能化步驟的至少一者中被施加作為至少兩個將被連接的電子層之間的連接電子層。以此方式，可和積體電路的三維度構造相比地，在不平面片內的不同的電子層可有利地彼此橫向地連接至這些平面。In a preferred embodiment, a functional element in the form of, for example, a conductive transverse connection line is applied as a connecting electron layer between at least two of the electronic layers to be connected in at least one of the functionalization steps . In this way, different electronic layers in the non-planar sheet can advantageously be connected laterally to these planes compared to the three-dimensional configuration of the integrated circuit.
該電子層或該等電子層較佳地係藉由網版印刷、刮片塗覆、噴墨印刷、粉末塗覆、層壓膜塗覆(laminated film coating)、噴灑塗覆、利用PVD技術(“PVD”代表“物理氣相沉積”的縮寫)的塗覆或利用CVD技術(“CVD”代表“化學氣相沉積”的縮寫)的塗覆等被施加。以此方式，該等電子層可用極有成本效益的方式(如，在網版印刷、刮片塗覆、噴墨印刷、粉末塗覆、層壓膜塗覆及噴灑塗覆的例子中)及/或用極精確且高品質的方式(如，在利用PVD技術來塗覆或利用CVD技術來塗覆的例子中)來施加。如果塗覆是以一種遍布的方式(all-over way)來實施的話，則該等電子層可用陰影遮罩(shadow masking)或用蝕刻處理來建構。The electronic layer or the electronic layers are preferably coated by screen printing, doctor blade coating, ink jet printing, powder coating, and laminating film coating.Laminated film coating, spray coating, coating using PVD technology ("PVD" stands for "physical vapor deposition") or coating using CVD technology ("CVD" stands for "chemical vapor deposition") Overlay is applied. In this way, the electronic layers can be used in a very cost effective manner (eg, in the examples of screen printing, doctor blade coating, inkjet printing, powder coating, laminating film coating, and spray coating) and / Or applied in an extremely precise and high quality manner (eg, in an example coated with PVD technology or coated with CVD techniques). If the coating is carried out in an all-over way, the electronic layers can be constructed by shadow masking or by etching.
已被證明的是，如果該電子層或該等電子層的功能性元件分別在一激活步驟中被激活的話，這是有利的。因此，例如，需要能量的該等功能性元件可在稍後的時間點和一能量源(譬如，電池)連接。It has proven to be advantageous if the electronic layers or the functional elements of the electronic layers are each activated in an activation step. Thus, for example, such functional elements requiring energy can be coupled to an energy source (e.g., a battery) at a later point in time.
在一較佳的實施例中，該皮革表面及/或該皮革修整物的表面在至少一些部分是用一轉印塗覆(transfer coating)步驟來建構，其形成一和該等功能性元件的至少一者的功能性連接。以此方式，位於底下的至少一功能性元件或該功能性元件本身的功能分別地可用光學及/或觸覺的符號來例示。In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the leather and/or the surface of the leather trim is constructed in at least some portions by a transfer coating step which forms a functional component. At least one of the functional connections. In this way, the function of at least one functional element or the functional element itself underneath can be exemplified by optical and/or tactile symbols, respectively.
為了要獲得一可能的廣泛功能性及用途的許多可能性，該電子層或該等電子層的功能性元件分別具有下列特性的至少一者：導電性、導光性、導熱性、壓電性、焦電性(pyroelectric)、變形敏感性、光敏性、濕度敏感性、溫度敏感性、加速度敏感性或位置敏感性。In order to obtain a wide range of possibilities for a wide range of functionalities and uses, the electronic layer or functional elements of the electronic layers each have at least one of the following characteristics: conductivity, light guiding, thermal conductivity, piezoelectricity , pyroelectricity, deformation sensitivity, photosensitivity, humidity sensitivitySensibility, temperature sensitivity, acceleration sensitivity or position sensitivity.
關於這方面，該等功能性元件較佳地具有下列元件類型的至少一者：該電子層內的導電連接、介於至少兩個電子層之間的導電橫向連接、光導體、LED元件、加熱電線、加熱層、用於導熱及/或冷的元件、壓電及/或焦電元件、壓力感測器、張力感測器、撓曲感測器、電壓感測器、光感測器、濕度感測器、空氣濕度感測器、溫度感測器、加速度感測器、位置感測器、數據傳輸元件、用於無線數據傳輸的元件、用於紅外線傳輸的元件、用於藍牙標準的數據傳輸的元件、RFID元件、NFC元件、用於充電或放電的元件、開關元件或輸入元件。In this regard, the functional elements preferably have at least one of the following element types: an electrically conductive connection within the electronic layer, a conductive lateral connection between the at least two electronic layers, a photoconductor, an LED component, heating Wires, heating layers, components for heat and/or cooling, piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric components, pressure sensors, tension sensors, flex sensors, voltage sensors, light sensors, Humidity sensor, air humidity sensor, temperature sensor, acceleration sensor, position sensor, data transmission component, component for wireless data transmission, component for infrared transmission, for Bluetooth standard An element of data transmission, an RFID element, an NFC element, an element for charging or discharging, a switching element or an input element.
該電子層的該等功能性元件較佳地是用一種在維持該等功能性元件的功能的同時還能夠有該皮革的延展性程度的材料形成。以此方式，一種該等功能性元件與該皮革的一可靠的且防故障的整合可被提供。The functional elements of the electronic layer are preferably formed from a material that retains the degree of ductility of the leather while maintaining the functionality of the functional elements. In this way, a reliable and fail-safe integration of one of these functional elements with the leather can be provided.
該等功能性元件亦可被施加至一可撓曲的基材上，其中該等功能性元件和該可撓曲的基材被一體地施加作為一電子層。以此方式，該電子層的製造可有利地獨立於該皮革製造之外地被實施，其中該已完成的，非必要地已被絕緣及/或密封的電子層例如藉由黏合以一件形式被施加。The functional elements can also be applied to a flexible substrate wherein the functional elements and the flexible substrate are integrally applied as an electronic layer. In this way, the manufacture of the electronic layer can advantageously be carried out independently of the manufacture of the leather, wherein the completed, optionally insulated, and/or sealed electronic layer is, for example, bonded by means of a bond. Apply.
1‧‧‧皮革1‧‧‧ Leather
2‧‧‧皮革層2‧‧‧ leather layer
3‧‧‧電子層3‧‧‧Electronic layer
4‧‧‧皮革表面4‧‧‧ Leather surface
5‧‧‧功能性元件5‧‧‧ functional components
6‧‧‧皮革修整物6‧‧‧ Leather trimmings
7‧‧‧研磨底材7‧‧‧ Grinding substrate
8‧‧‧網格顏色層8‧‧‧Grid color layer
9‧‧‧底漆層9‧‧‧primer layer
10‧‧‧防護漆層10‧‧‧Protective paint layer
20‧‧‧加熱層20‧‧‧heating layer
21‧‧‧接點元件21‧‧‧Contact components
13‧‧‧輸送帶13‧‧‧Conveyor belt
14‧‧‧輸送方向14‧‧‧Transport direction
15‧‧‧噴灑罐15‧‧‧Spray cans
17‧‧‧噴嘴17‧‧‧Nozzles
18‧‧‧可撓曲的遮罩18‧‧‧Flexible mask
19‧‧‧滾筒19‧‧‧Roller
22‧‧‧塗覆步驟22‧‧‧ Coating step
16‧‧‧加熱元件16‧‧‧heating elements
11‧‧‧扶手椅11‧‧‧ armchair
12‧‧‧區域12‧‧‧ Area
依據本發明的方法及依據本發明的皮革的有利的實施例藉由圖式被更詳細地描述。The method according to the invention and the leather according to the inventionThe embodiments are described in more detail by way of figures.
圖1顯示依據第一實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Fig. 1 shows a layer configuration of leather having an electron layer according to a first embodiment.
圖2顯示依據第二實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Figure 2 shows the layer construction of leather having an electronic layer in accordance with a second embodiment.
圖3顯示依據第三實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Figure 3 shows the layer construction of leather having an electronic layer in accordance with a third embodiment.
圖4顯示依據第四實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Figure 4 shows the layer construction of leather having an electronic layer in accordance with a fourth embodiment.
圖5顯示依據第五實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Fig. 5 shows a layer configuration of a leather having an electron layer according to a fifth embodiment.
圖6顯示依據第六實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Fig. 6 shows a layer configuration of a leather having an electron layer according to a sixth embodiment.
圖7顯示用於製造依據圖4之具有一電子層的皮革的方法。Figure 7 shows a method for making a leather having an electronic layer according to Figure 4.
圖8顯示依據圖4之具有一電子層的皮革的示範性用途。Figure 8 shows an exemplary use of leather having an electronic layer in accordance with Figure 4.
圖9顯示依據第七實施例之具有一電子層的皮革的層構造。Fig. 9 shows a layer configuration of leather having an electron layer according to a seventh embodiment.
圖1至6及圖9示分別意地顯示依據7個不同的實施例的本發明的皮革1，它們在下文中被更詳細地描述。所有這些實施例包含至少該皮革1(它是由動物獸皮製成的皮革層2組成)以及一電子層3，其被施加至該皮革層2的一皮革表面4上且具有諸功能性元件5。第一實施例被示於圖1中。其它實施例中的類似或相同元件在下文中被標以相同的元件符號且除非有不同的特徵，否則不會每次都分別被詳細地描述。所有被描述的實施例如果技術上是可行的話則可彼此結合，或者各實施例的所有元件可分別和該等實施例的一個實施例的每一元件結合。圖2顯示依據第二實施例的皮革1。一研磨底材7被施加在該皮革層2的該皮革表面4上。具有該等功能性元件5的該電子層3被施加在該研磨底材7上。Figures 1 to 6 and Figure 9 respectively show the leather 1 of the present invention in accordance with seven different embodiments, which are described in more detail below. All of these embodiments comprise at least the leather 1 (which is made of animal skins)The resulting leather layer 2 consists of an electronic layer 3 applied to a leather surface 4 of the leather layer 2 and having functional elements 5. The first embodiment is shown in FIG. Similar or identical elements in other embodiments are labeled with the same element symbols hereinafter and will not be described in detail each time unless there are different features. All of the described embodiments can be combined with each other if technically feasible, or all of the elements of the various embodiments can be combined with each of the elements of one embodiment of the embodiments. Figure 2 shows a leather 1 according to a second embodiment. A ground substrate 7 is applied to the leather surface 4 of the leather layer 2. The electronic layer 3 having the functional elements 5 is applied to the abrasive substrate 7.
圖3顯示依據第三實施例的皮革1，其中一皮革修整物被施加至該研磨底材7上。該皮革修整物6被建構成一多層式系統，它包含一網格顏色層8、一底漆層9及一防護漆層10。Figure 3 shows a leather 1 according to a third embodiment in which a leather trim is applied to the abrasive substrate 7. The leather trim 6 is constructed as a multi-layer system comprising a grid of color layers 8, a primer layer 9 and a protective lacquer layer 10.
具有該等功能性元件5的該電子層3被施加在該防護漆層10上。依據本發明的概念，該電子層3形成該多層式系統的一層，或換言之，該電子層3形成該皮革修整物6的修整層中的一層。The electronic layer 3 having the functional elements 5 is applied to the protective lacquer layer 10. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the electronic layer 3 forms a layer of the multilayer system, or in other words, the electronic layer 3 forms one of the finishing layers of the leather trim 6.
在描述於上文的皮革1的實施例中，該電子層3被分別地直接設置在表面上。其好處在於該等功能性元件5可直接接觸到(accessible)，例如用以與其手動地互動或用以獲得無損失的熱或冷的釋出。該等功能性元件5進一步可被清楚地看到且例如可被用作為該皮革1的外觀設計的設計元素。In the embodiment of the leather 1 described above, the electronic layer 3 is separately disposed directly on the surface. This has the advantage that the functional elements 5 can be directly accessible, for example for manual interaction with them or for lossless thermal or cold release. These functional elements 5 are further clearly visible and can be used, for example, as design elements of the design of the leather 1.
另一方面，具有該等功能性元件5的該電子層3亦可被施加在該等修整層中的一者底下，例如，該防護漆層10的底下。皮革1的此一實施例(即，第四實施例)被示於圖4中。以此方式，在一透明的防護漆層10的例子中，該等功能性元件5的能見度將可被進一步確保，此外，這些功能性元件5被保護免於機械性的損傷及環境的衝擊。Alternatively, the electronic layer 3 having the functional elements 5 can also be applied underneath one of the conditioning layers, for example, underneath the protective lacquer layer 10. This embodiment of the leather 1 (i.e., the fourth embodiment) is shown in FIG. In this way, in the case of a transparent protective lacquer layer 10, the visibility of the functional elements 5 will be further ensured, and in addition, these functional elements 5 are protected from mechanical damage and environmental impact.
圖5顯示依據第五實施例的皮革1，其中該具有該等功能性元件5的該電子層3被施加在該底漆層9底下，在該網格顏色層8上。該等功能性元件5因而不再是可被看見，且該皮革1將保持其“典型的”外觀。Figure 5 shows a leather 1 according to a fifth embodiment, wherein the electronic layer 3 with the functional elements 5 is applied underneath the primer layer 9, on the grid color layer 8. The functional elements 5 are thus no longer visible and the leather 1 will retain its "typical" appearance.
圖6顯示依據第六實施例的皮革1，其中三個具有該等功能性元件5的該電子層3被施加在該防護漆層10底下，在該網格顏色層8上。此一實施例會是所想要的，如果該等功能性元件5是導電的連線的形式的話。例如，如果中間的電子層3具有這些導電的連線的話，則上面的電子層3和下面的電子層3的功能性元件5可彼此連接，相當於積體電路的三維度結構。如果該等功能性元件5是光導體或數據傳輸元件等等的話，則此一結構亦是所想要的。Figure 6 shows a leather 1 according to a sixth embodiment in which three electronic layers 3 having the functional elements 5 are applied underneath the protective lacquer layer 10 on the grid color layer 8. This embodiment would be desirable if the functional elements 5 were in the form of electrically conductive connections. For example, if the intermediate electronic layer 3 has these conductive connections, the upper electronic layer 3 and the functional elements 5 of the underlying electronic layer 3 can be connected to each other, corresponding to the three-dimensional structure of the integrated circuit. This configuration is also desirable if the functional elements 5 are photoconductors or data transmission elements and the like.
所有描述於上文中的本發明的皮革1的實施例係明確地被視為例子。原則上，如果技術上可行的話，任何類型的層構造都是可被想到的，亦即描述於上文中的該皮革1的等層的任何組合。在下文中，本發明的皮革1的各個層將被更詳細地描述。All of the embodiments of the leather 1 of the present invention described above are expressly considered as examples. In principle, any type of layer construction is conceivable, if technically feasible, that is to say any combination of the layers of the leather 1 described above. Hereinafter, each of the leathers 1 of the present inventionThe layers will be described in more detail.
該皮革層2是用動物獸皮製成的粒面皮革(grain leather)層或用動物獸皮製成的貼合皮革(split leather)層。該皮革層2可依據現有的皮革種類或皮革分類來歸類，例如，依據皮革的來源的動物種類、依據用途或依據製造或處理方式，其中所有現有的或可想到的皮革種類或皮革分類可被用作為用於依據本發明的方法的皮革層2或用於依據本發明的皮革1的皮革層2。The leather layer 2 is a layer of grain leather made of animal skin or a layer of split leather made of animal skin. The leather layer 2 can be classified according to the type of leather available or the leather classification, for example, depending on the animal species from which the leather is derived, depending on the use or depending on the manner of manufacture or treatment, wherein all existing or conceivable leather types or leather classifications are available. It is used as a leather layer 2 for the method according to the invention or as a leather layer 2 for the leather 1 according to the invention.
依據動物種類的皮革種類的例子有牛皮、羊皮、豬皮、鹿皮、馬皮、鱷魚皮、蛇皮、鴕鳥皮、袋鼠皮及魟魚皮。Examples of types of leather depending on animal species are cowhide, sheepskin, pigskin, buckskin, horseskin, crocodile skin, snake skin, ostrich skin, kangaroo skin and squid skin.
依據用途的皮革種類的例子有用於汽車的皮革、用於傢俱的皮革及用以衣服的皮革。Examples of leather types depending on the use are leather for automobiles, leather for furniture, and leather for clothes.
依據製造及處理方式(亦即，鞣製(tanning)種類、皮革修整物6的種類或染色的種類)的皮革種類的例子有被覆蓋或被修整的平滑皮革、表面被上色的平滑皮革、半苯胺皮革、沒有顏料層的開孔(open-bore)平滑皮革(苯胺皮革)、全粒面皮革(其依據從粒間距或皮間距處理而被稱為磨砂皮革(nubuck leather)或絨面皮革(suede leather))、PU皮革、及半硝皮(crust leather)。Examples of leather types depending on the manufacturing and processing method (that is, the type of tanning, the type of leather trim 6 or the type of dyeing) are smooth leather covered or trimmed, smooth leather surfaced, and half. Aniline leather, open-bore smooth leather (aniline leather) without pigment layer, full grain leather (which is called nubuck leather or suede leather according to treatment from grain spacing or skin spacing) Suede leather)), PU leather, and crust leather.
該研磨底材7是藉由施加及研磨一整平片(leveling mass)於該皮革層2上，用以將任何不想要的翹曲(例如，凹窪或壟起)整平，以及用以或得平滑的皮革表面4。該研磨底材7因而用作表面平滑的貼合皮，等等。就此而言，熟習此技藝者將會知道傳統的方法和開始材料。The abrasive substrate 7 is applied to the leather layer 2 by applying and grinding a leveling mass for flattening any unwanted warpage (for example, a concave or ridge) and for Or smooth leather surface 4. The abrasive substrate 7 thus serves as a smooth-fitted skin, and the like. In this regardIn this regard, those skilled in the art will be aware of conventional methods and starting materials.
皮革修整物6(其在先前技術中亦被稱為“修整物”)通常決定皮革1的表面光學和表面特徵。因此之故，在許多例子中，一底漆層9、一網格顏色(grid colour)層8及一防護漆層10被施加。Leather trim 6 (which is also referred to as "dressing" in the prior art) generally determines the surface optical and surface characteristics of leather 1. Thus, in many instances, a primer layer 9, a grid colour layer 8 and a protective lacquer layer 10 are applied.
該皮革修整物6在此處是一由各式修整層所構成的多層式系統，其中該等修整層例如是該底漆層9、該網格顏色層8及/或該防護漆層10。該網格顏色層8、該底漆層9和該防護漆層10每一者亦可由數個(部分)層構成，例如，有數個防護漆層被施加成為一防護漆層10。該等層的開始材料中的成份例如是顏料、丙烯酸、及黏合劑，主要是用聚氨酯、蠟及矽製成。就此而言，熟習此技藝者將知道傳統的開始材料和製造方法。The leather trim 6 is here a multi-layer system consisting of various finishing layers, for example the primer layer 9, the grid color layer 8 and/or the protective lacquer layer 10. The mesh color layer 8, the primer layer 9 and the protective lacquer layer 10 can each be composed of a plurality of (partial) layers, for example, a plurality of protective lacquer layers are applied as a protective lacquer layer 10. The ingredients in the starting materials of the layers are, for example, pigments, acrylics, and adhesives, primarily made of polyurethane, wax and enamel. In this regard, those skilled in the art will be aware of conventional starting materials and methods of manufacture.
在依據本發明的該皮革1中，至少一電子層3被導入到該皮革1中，例如依據上述實施例中的一者。該電子層3或該等電子層3分別地可因而形成該多層式系統的該等修整層中的一者。藉此，數個電子層3可彼此連接，例如以導電或導熱連線的形式，它們橫向地延伸在該等電子層3之間。以此方式，該等電子層3可部分地被其它修整層(譬如，該底漆層9、該網格顏色層8、該防護漆層10或一絕緣層)滲入。換言之，該等電子層3係部分地或完全地埋設在另一修整層內。詳言之，如果該等電子層3的該等功能性元件5是由薄的導電或導熱電線組成的話，則這會提供一項好處。In the leather 1 according to the invention, at least one electronic layer 3 is introduced into the leather 1, for example according to one of the above embodiments. The electronic layer 3 or the electronic layers 3 may thus respectively form one of the trim layers of the multi-layer system. Thereby, the plurality of electronic layers 3 can be connected to each other, for example in the form of electrically conductive or thermally conductive wires, which extend laterally between the electronic layers 3. In this way, the electronic layers 3 can be partially infiltrated by other finishing layers (for example, the primer layer 9, the mesh color layer 8, the protective lacquer layer 10 or an insulating layer). In other words, the electronic layers 3 are partially or completely embedded in another trim layer. In particular, this provides an advantage if the functional elements 5 of the electronic layers 3 are composed of thin conductive or thermally conductive wires.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有導電特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被建構成該電子層3內的導電連線或成為該等電子層3之間的導電連線。以此方式，使用依據本發明的皮革1，一加熱系統或一加熱系統(例如，座位加熱系統)的一部分可被實現。因此，該等功能性元件5被建構成細微的加熱電線，它們在其端部和接點元件連接。該等加熱電線可形成該電子層3內的一緊密交纏的編織物及/或它們可被建構成在不同的電子層3內的層狀物，其中該等電子層3或該等功能性元件5分別透過導電的橫向連線而彼此連接。此座位加熱系統可以是有利的，只要該等加熱電線所產生的熱會完全經由該皮革修整物6釋出至該座位的使用者。以此方式，能量將特別有效率地被使用。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have electrically conductive properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed to form electrically conductive connections within the electronic layer 3 or to become electrically conductive connections between the electronic layers 3. In this way, the use of the leather 1 according to the invention, a heating system or a heating system (for example a seat heating system) can be realized. Thus, the functional elements 5 are constructed as subtle heating wires which are connected at their ends to the contact elements. The heating wires may form a closely intertwined braid in the electronic layer 3 and/or they may be constructed as layers in different electronic layers 3, wherein the electronic layers 3 or such functionality The elements 5 are connected to one another via electrically conductive transverse wires. This seat heating system can be advantageous as long as the heat generated by the heating wires is completely released via the leather trim 6 to the user of the seat. In this way, energy will be used particularly efficiently.
一熱電線網狀物亦可被建構成層狀物。以此方式，該等功能性元件5被建構成該等加熱電線的一緊密交纏的網狀物或成為一平的導電加熱層20，它非必要地在至少一個接觸點和一接點元件21連接。圖9顯示顯示依據第七實施例的皮革1，其中一功能性元件5被建構成一平的導電加熱層20且另一功能性元件5被建構成一接點元件21。由於該平的面積的關係，例如，它導入到汽車的內部的熱能比使用個別的加熱電線所能導入的熱能還要多，關於該加熱層30，加熱電線將會溫暖或熱很多。就這點而言，來自電動車的馬達的熱沒有浪費，這就是這些平的加熱元件可被設置在用於加熱車輛內部的車輛的內部布置的原因。該加熱層20可以電子方式被建構，使得在一適當的歐姆電阻的例子中，該加熱層將會釋出熱於整個表面上。A hot wire mesh can also be constructed as a layer. In this way, the functional elements 5 are constructed as a closely intertwined web of the heating wires or as a flat electrically conductive heating layer 20, optionally at at least one contact point and a contact element 21 connection. Figure 9 shows a leather 1 according to a seventh embodiment in which a functional element 5 is constructed as a flat conductive heating layer 20 and another functional element 5 is constructed as a contact element 21. Due to the relationship of the flat area, for example, the heat energy introduced into the interior of the automobile is much more than the heat energy that can be introduced by using the individual heating wires, and the heating wire 30 will be warm or hot with respect to the heating layer 30. In this regard, the heat from the motor of the electric vehicle is not wasted, that is, these flat heating elements can be placed in the interior of the vehicle for heating the interior of the vehicle.the reason. The heating layer 20 can be constructed electronically such that in the case of a suitable ohmic resistance, the heating layer will release heat over the entire surface.
該加熱層20可部分地或完全地用導電材料來形成，尤其是用導電墨水，碳纖維、金屬箔及/或金屬化的塑膠纖維來形成。在導電墨水的例子中，可獲得高撓曲性的好處，其中一可撓曲的且可延展的基材，例如，可撓曲的聚合物譬如聚對酞酸乙二酯或聚碳酸酯，以及一具有提高的耐熱性的基材，譬如聚醯亞胺、聚砜、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，非必要地亦與皮革、紙、紡織品、紡織品合成物(抓毛絨(fleece)，“不織布”)可被印刷。The heating layer 20 can be formed partially or completely from a conductive material, in particular with conductive ink, carbon fibers, metal foil and/or metallized plastic fibers. In the case of conductive inks, the benefits of high flexibility are obtained, one of which is a flexible and extensible substrate, such as a flexible polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate. And a substrate having improved heat resistance, such as polyimide, polysulfone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), optionally with leather, paper, textiles, textile compositions (fleece, "Non-woven" can be printed.
該導電墨水可用網版印刷、噴墨列印、柔版印刷(flexographic printing)或凹版印刷(rotogravure)來施加。The conductive ink can be applied by screen printing, ink jet printing, flexographic printing or rotogravure.
該導電墨水例如是由粉末、黏合劑及溶劑組成，其中該粉末形成該導電成分。導電墨水的例子有具有銀粉末的銀墨水、具有碳黑或的碳墨水或具有銀粉末和碳黑的碳銀混合物墨水。或者，該導電的填料可由石墨碳奈米管、導電聚合物(譬如，PEDOT：PSS)、不同形狀(球形、奈米尺寸的棒桿、奈米尺寸的線、微米或奈米線)的金屬微米或奈米顆粒或前述的組合所組成。尤其適合皮革上的導電加熱元件或加熱層的施加可以是以聚合物厚膜(PTF)(例如，PTC(正溫度係數，冷導體))、高溫厚膜(HTC)、HRT(高阻值技術)為主的配方(formulations)，或以ITO為主的透光加熱元件，其中PTC膜(如，以PTC印刷漆為主)是自動調節式，因為溫度的上升將伴隨阻值的升高，這就是加熱性能會相應地下降的原因。The conductive ink is composed, for example, of a powder, a binder, and a solvent, wherein the powder forms the conductive component. Examples of the conductive ink are a silver ink having a silver powder, a carbon ink having carbon black or a carbon silver mixture ink having a silver powder and carbon black. Alternatively, the electrically conductive filler may be a graphite carbon nanotube, a conductive polymer (eg, PEDOT:PSS), a metal of a different shape (spherical, nano-sized rod, nano-sized wire, micron or nanowire) Micro or nano particles or a combination of the foregoing. Particularly suitable for the application of conductive heating elements or heating layers on leather may be polymer thick film (PTF) (eg PTC (positive temperature coefficient, cold conductor)), high temperature thick film (HTC), HRT (high resistance technology) Mainly formulas, or ITO-based light-transmissive heating elements, where PTC films (eg, printed on PTC)Paint-based) is self-regulating because the rise in temperature will be accompanied by an increase in resistance, which is why the heating performance will decrease accordingly.
加熱層20可額外地部分地用分別具有較差的導電性或電絕緣性的材料形成，即，用皮革或用天然的或合成的纖維製成之編織的織物或非編織的織物形成。The heating layer 20 may additionally be formed partially of a material having poor electrical or electrical insulation, that is, formed of leather or a woven or non-woven fabric made of natural or synthetic fibers.
或者，用依據本發明的皮革1例如可實現用於數據傳輸的系統或系統的一部分。為了此目的，功能性元件5可額外地被建構成數據傳輸元件或數據傳輸元件的一部分。Alternatively, the leather 1 according to the invention can be implemented, for example, as part of a system or system for data transmission. For this purpose, the functional element 5 can additionally be constructed as part of a data transmission element or a data transmission element.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有導光特性。功能性元件5可因而被建構成該電子層3內或諸電子層3之間的光導體。以此方式，用依據本發明的皮革1例如可實現用於數據傳輸或通信的系統。或者，用依據本發明的皮革1例如可實現用於照明或用於外觀設計的系統或系統的一部分。為了此目的，功能性元件5可額外地被建構成LED元件或OLED元件。LED元件及/或OLED元件然後例如將穿過位於其上方之皮革修整物6的諸層向外照明。如將於下文中詳細說明地，當另一朝外地照明，功能性元件5操作時該等LED及/或OLED元件會產生光學回饋，或者該等LED及/或OLED元件會結合車輛中的音樂而閃爍。為了此目的，位在功能性元件5上方的該皮革修整物6的該等層在一些部分是透明的或是半透明的。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have light guiding properties. The functional element 5 can thus be constructed as a light conductor within the electronic layer 3 or between the electronic layers 3. In this way, with the leather 1 according to the invention, for example, a system for data transmission or communication can be realized. Alternatively, the leather 1 according to the invention can be implemented, for example, as part of a system or system for illumination or for design. For this purpose, the functional element 5 can additionally be constructed as an LED element or an OLED element. The LED elements and/or OLED elements then, for example, illuminate the layers passing through the leather trim 6 located above them. As will be explained in more detail below, when the other is illuminated externally, the LEDs and/or OLED elements will produce optical feedback when the functional element 5 is in operation, or the LEDs and/or OLED elements will combine the music in the vehicle. And flashing. For this purpose, the layers of the leather trim 6 positioned above the functional element 5 are transparent or translucent in some portions.
該至少一電子層4的該等功能性元件5可具有導熱特性。該等功能性元件5可因而被建構成一用來導熱及/或導冷的元件。因此，使用依據本發明的皮革1例如可實現一用於熱及/或冷的傳導或用於熱及/或冷的釋出的系統或該系統的一部分。The functional elements 5 of the at least one electronic layer 4 can have thermal conductivity properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed to be used for heat conductionAnd/or cold conducting components. Thus, the use of the leather 1 according to the invention, for example, enables a system for thermal and/or cold conduction or for the release of heat and/or cold or a part of the system.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有壓電及/或焦電特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被建構成一壓電及/或焦電元件。因此，使用依據本發明的皮革1例如可實現變形及/或接觸敏感表面或界面。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed as a piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric element. Thus, the use of the leather 1 according to the invention, for example, can achieve deformation and/or contact sensitive surfaces or interfaces.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有變形敏感特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被建構成一壓力感測器、一張力感測器、一撓曲感測器或一電壓感測器，或它們可被建構成這些感測器的一部分，其被整合在依據本發明的該皮革1中。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have deformation-sensitive properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed as a pressure sensor, a force sensor, a flex sensor or a voltage sensor, or they can be constructed as part of these sensors, It is integrated in the leather 1 according to the invention.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有用於釋出回饋的特性。該等功能性元件5因而例如可被整合成該皮革1內的機械式變形敏感的輸入元件。以此方式，一輸入元件可被建構來用於確認其手動操作或其遠端操作。該回饋可以是聲音的(例如，藉由“卡答”聲)、觸覺的(例如，藉由改變機械式阻力)、或光學的(例如，藉由閃爍LED的光訊號)。該回饋例如亦可以是在該功能性元件5的容量(capacity)產生改變之後發生。The functional element 5 of the at least one electronic layer 3 can have characteristics for releasing feedback. The functional elements 5 can thus be integrated, for example, into mechanical deformation-sensitive input elements within the leather 1. In this way, an input element can be constructed to confirm its manual operation or its remote operation. The feedback can be audible (eg, by "clicking"), tactile (eg, by changing mechanical resistance), or optical (eg, by blinking the LED's optical signal). This feedback may also occur, for example, after a change in the capacity of the functional element 5.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有光敏特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被建構成一光感測器或成為光感測器的一部分，其被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have a photosensitive property. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed as a light sensor or as part of a light sensor integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有濕度敏感特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被建構成一濕度感測器或成為濕度感測器的一部分，其被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內。The functional element 5 of at least one electronic layer 3 can have humidity sensitive properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be constructed as a humidity sensor or as part of a humidity sensor integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有溫度敏感特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內成為一溫度感測器或成為溫度感測器的一部分。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have temperature sensitive properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention as a temperature sensor or as part of a temperature sensor.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有加速度敏感特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內成為一加速度感測器或成為加速度感測器的一部分。The functional element 5 of the at least one electronic layer 3 can have an acceleration-sensitive characteristic. The functional elements 5 can thus be integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention as an acceleration sensor or as part of an acceleration sensor.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可具有位置敏感特性。該等功能性元件5因而可被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內成為一位置感測器或成為位置感測器的一部分。The functional element 5 of at least one of the electronic layers 3 can have position sensitive properties. The functional elements 5 can thus be integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention as a position sensor or as part of a position sensor.
至少一電子層3的功能性元件5可進一步被整合於依據本發明的該皮革1內成為一用於無線數據傳輸的元件、一用於紅外線傳輸的元件、一用於藍牙標準的數據傳輸的元件、一RFID元件、一NFC元件或一用於能量儲存或能量釋出的元件、或成為這些元件的一部分。The functional element 5 of at least one electronic layer 3 can be further integrated into the leather 1 according to the invention into an element for wireless data transmission, an element for infrared transmission, and a data transmission for the Bluetooth standard. An element, an RFID element, an NFC element or an element for energy storage or energy release, or as part of these elements.
電子層3或數個電子層3的功能性元件5可分別地具有不同的特性，其中這些功能性元件5可在該電子層3內或在該等電子層3的一者內彼此相連接或者在至少兩個不同的電子層3之間彼此相連接。The functional elements 5 of the electronic layer 3 or of the plurality of electronic layers 3 can each have different properties, wherein the functional elements 5 can be connected to one another within the electronic layer 3 or within one of the electronic layers 3 or At least twoThe different electronic layers 3 are connected to each other.
該電子層3的功能性元件5較佳地是由一在保持該功能性元件5的功能的同時還能夠有和該皮革1的延展性(stretchability)一樣程度的延展性的材料組成。此等材料在皮革1的處理期間或非必要地在該皮革1的使用期間不能被損壞。例如，在被撓曲的表面上的導電性必須被保持。尤其是，在接觸點的面積內(該等功能性元件5在接觸點和裝置相連接)，該等功能性元件5具有足夠的延展性。就此點而言，已知的材料例如有機的且導電的聚合物、由導電氧化物形成的奈米顆粒、金屬顆粒或用有機或無機電子材料形成的複合材料。例如，鐵-電共聚物可被用來製造壓電及/或焦電元件。所有上面提到的這些材料例如都能夠以可印刷的墨水形式獲得。The functional element 5 of the electronic layer 3 is preferably composed of a material which, while maintaining the function of the functional element 5, is capable of having the same degree of ductility as the stretchability of the leather 1. These materials cannot be damaged during the processing of the leather 1 or optionally during the use of the leather 1. For example, the conductivity on the surface being deflected must be maintained. In particular, the functional elements 5 have sufficient ductility within the area of the contact points (the functional elements 5 are connected at the point of contact to the device). In this regard, known materials are, for example, organic and electrically conductive polymers, nanoparticles formed from conductive oxides, metal particles or composite materials formed from organic or inorganic electronic materials. For example, iron-electric copolymers can be used to make piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric components. All of the above mentioned materials can be obtained, for example, in the form of printable inks.
皮革的延展性的變化很大。以此方式，皮革層2的延展性例如係取決於動物的種類、該皮革層2是從獸皮的哪個部分取得或進一步的處理是屬於哪種類型。牛皮斷裂時的延展量例如是100%。無鉻，合成或鉻揉製的牛皮例如在斷裂是可具有約30至70%的延展量。然而，皮革的彈性延展性在整個動物皮上是實質恆定的，且是相當小的。較佳地，該電子層3的該等功能性元件5因而是由一具有約0.1至30%的延展量，尤其有利的是約1至30%的延展量，更佳地為約5至30%的延展量的材料所構成，同時保持該等功能性元件5的功能。熟習此技藝者將知道讓該等功能性元件5(尤其是電路)有延展性的技術。The ductility of leather varies greatly. In this way, the ductility of the leather layer 2 depends, for example, on the type of animal, which part of the hide is taken from the hide, or which type of treatment is further. The amount of elongation when the cowhide is broken is, for example, 100%. Chromium-free, synthetic or chrome-tanned cowhide may have an elongation of, for example, about 30 to 70% at break. However, the elastic ductility of leather is substantially constant throughout the animal skin and is quite small. Preferably, the functional elements 5 of the electronic layer 3 are thus comprised of an extension of from about 0.1 to 30%, particularly advantageously from about 1 to 30%, more preferably from about 5 to 30. % of the stretched material is constructed while maintaining the functionality of the functional elements 5. Those skilled in the art will be aware of techniques for making these functional elements 5, and in particular circuits, malleable.
用這些材料製成的該等功能性元件5可例如藉由印刷而被直接施加在各層的表面上。或者，該等功能性元件5被導入到用塑膠材料(譬如，聚醯亞胺、聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK))或聚酯製成的可撓曲的接材上且被整合成一電子層3。該等功能性元件5(例如，導電電路)因而可藉由施加用銀或銅製成的電路板來製造。就此點而言，熟習此技藝者將知道傳統的開始材料及方法。The functional elements 5 made of these materials can be applied directly to the surface of the layers, for example by printing. Alternatively, the functional elements 5 are introduced into a flexible material made of a plastic material such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polyester. The bonding material is integrated into an electronic layer 3. The functional elements 5 (e.g., conductive circuits) can thus be fabricated by applying a circuit board made of silver or copper. In this regard, those skilled in the art will be aware of conventional starting materials and methods.
如果該等功能性元件5被施加在一可撓曲的基材上的話，則該等功能性元件5和該可撓曲的基材可如一電子層3般地被一體地施加於該皮革1上或該皮革修整物6的一修整層上。以此方式，每一電子層3的製造可獨立於該皮革製造之外地實施，其中該已完成的且非必要地已被絕緣及/或密封的電子層3例如藉由黏著結合以單件的形式被施加。一其內已編織有該等功能性元件5的紡織品層可被進一步導入到該皮革修整物6的底下或其內。此紡織品層可被黏著結合至該皮革修整物6。該紡織品層可具有下面的織物種類：編織的織布、不織布、用合成纖維(尤其是聚醯亞胺、聚酯)、天然纖維(尤其是棉花或羊毛)、碳纖維材料(尤其是聚胺)製成的毛氈。If the functional elements 5 are applied to a flexible substrate, the functional elements 5 and the flexible substrate can be integrally applied to the leather 1 as an electronic layer 3. Upper or a trim layer of the leather trim 6. In this way, the manufacture of each electronic layer 3 can be carried out independently of the manufacture of the leather, wherein the completed and optionally insulated and/or sealed electronic layer 3 is bonded in a single piece, for example by adhesive bonding. The form is applied. A textile layer into which the functional elements 5 have been woven may be further introduced into or under the leather trim 6. This textile layer can be adhesively bonded to the leather trim 6 . The textile layer can have the following types of fabric: woven woven fabric, non-woven fabric, synthetic fiber (especially polyimine, polyester), natural fiber (especially cotton or wool), carbon fiber material (especially polyamine) Made of felt.
在圖7中，一種用來製造圖4的皮革1的方法被示出。為了此目的，該皮革層2以研磨底材7面朝上的方式被置於輸送帶13上。在第一方法步驟(即，該第一修整步驟)中，該皮革修整物6的第一修整層(即，該網格顏色層8)被施加在該研磨底材7上。因此，該輸送帶13沿著一輸送方向14將該皮革層2移動於一噴灑罐15底下，該噴灑罐將該網格顏色層8噴灑在該皮革層上。非必要地，該皮革層2然後通過一加熱元件16底下，用以讓該網格顏色層8更快乾。In Fig. 7, a method for manufacturing the leather 1 of Fig. 4 is shown. For this purpose, the leather layer 2 is placed on the conveyor belt 13 with the abrasive substrate 7 facing up. In a first method step (ie, the first finishing step), a first finishing layer of the leather trim 6 (ie, the grid color layer 8) is applied to the abrasive substrate 7. Therefore, the conveyor belt 13 is transported along a conveyorDirection 14 moves the leather layer 2 underneath a spray can 15 which sprays the grid color layer 8 onto the leather layer. Optionally, the leather layer 2 is then passed underneath a heating element 16 to allow the grid color layer 8 to dry faster.
在第二方法步驟(即，第二修整步驟)中，該皮革修整物6的第二整修層(即，該底漆層9)和該第一方法步驟類似地被施加在該網格顏色層8上。In a second method step (ie, a second finishing step), a second finishing layer of the leather trim 6 (ie, the primer layer 9) and the first method step are similarly applied to the grid color layer 8 on.
在第三方法步驟(即，功能化步驟)中，該皮革修整物6的第三修整層(即，該電子層3)被施加在該底漆層9上。為了此目的，可印刷的墨水(其形成該等功能性元件5的開始材料)藉由一噴嘴17而被施加在一可撓曲的遮罩18上。該墨水藉由一滾筒19或藉由一刮片(未示出)透過該遮罩18而被印刷在該底漆層9上。該遮罩18因而決定了該等功能性元件5的形狀。在施加該墨水之前，該輸送帶13可被停止，該遮罩18可被放置且接著該噴嘴17所釋出的墨水可藉由滾動該滾筒19而被壓擠至該遮罩18內。相同地，該輸送帶13可被持續地驅動且停放在該滾筒19底下的該遮罩18可以與該輸送帶13相同的速度被驅動，用以將該電子層3印刷在該底漆層9上。非必要地，在該功能化步驟中，亦可將一或數個積體電路導入到該電子層內作為功能性元件5，它們藉由用該墨水印刷的電路而彼此連接且和一能量源連接。亦非必要地，該皮革層2然後接著被通過一加熱元件16底下，用以讓該電子層3更快乾。In a third method step (ie, a functionalization step), a third finishing layer of the leather trim 6 (ie, the electronic layer 3) is applied to the primer layer 9. For this purpose, printable ink, which forms the starting material for the functional elements 5, is applied to a flexible mask 18 by means of a nozzle 17. The ink is printed on the primer layer 9 by a roller 19 or by a blade (not shown) through the mask 18. The mask 18 thus determines the shape of the functional elements 5. The conveyor belt 13 can be stopped prior to application of the ink, the mask 18 can be placed and then the ink released by the nozzle 17 can be squeezed into the mask 18 by rolling the drum 19. Similarly, the conveyor belt 13 can be continuously driven and the mask 18 parked underneath the drum 19 can be driven at the same speed as the conveyor belt 13 for printing the electronic layer 3 on the primer layer 9 on. Optionally, in the functionalizing step, one or several integrated circuits may also be introduced into the electronic layer as functional elements 5, which are connected to each other and to an energy source by a circuit printed with the ink. connection. Optionally, the leather layer 2 is then passed underneath a heating element 16 to allow the electronic layer 3 to dry faster.
在第四方法步驟(即，第四修整步驟)中，該皮革修整物6的第四修整層(即，該防護漆層10)和該第一方法步驟類似地被施加在該電子層3上。該皮革修整物的構造依據圖4因而包含四個修整層。In the fourth method step (ie, the fourth finishing step), the skinThe fourth finishing layer of the leather finishing 6 (i.e., the protective lacquer layer 10) is applied to the electronic layer 3 similarly to the first method step. The construction of the leather trim according to Figure 4 thus comprises four trim layers.
非必要地，一第五方法步驟(即，一轉印塗覆步驟22或一轉印塗覆方法)可以直接的順序被實施，該轉印塗覆方法包含數個轉印塗覆步驟。該轉印塗覆方法例如可以是Aquacast®方法。因此，一基質(matrix)及一液壓壓製裝置被用來至少在一些部分將一表面結構壓印成該皮革表面4及/或該皮革修整物6的表面。“在一些部分”係指該表面結構在該皮革表面4及/或該皮革修整物6的一特定部分或區域被壓花(embossed)。或者，整個該皮革表面4及/或該皮革修整物6可被提供例如用於施加一裝飾或觸覺效果的表面結構。Optionally, a fifth method step (i.e., a transfer coating step 22 or a transfer coating method) can be carried out in a straightforward sequence, the transfer coating method comprising a plurality of transfer coating steps. The transfer coating method may be, for example, the Aquacast® method. Thus, a matrix and a hydraulic press are used to imprint a surface structure into the surface of the leather surface 4 and/or the leather trim 6 at least in portions. By "in some portions" is meant that the surface structure is embossed on the leather surface 4 and/or a particular portion or region of the leather trim 6. Alternatively, the entire leather surface 4 and/or the leather trim 6 can be provided, for example, for applying a decorative or tactile surface structure.
較佳地，在該轉印塗覆步驟22期間該液壓壓製裝置相關於該皮革1的位置和壓擠方向被調整至該模子，使得一功能上的關係被形成在該等功能性元件5中的至少一者上。這表示該表面結構被壓印在位於該層構造內的該皮革表面4及/或該皮革修整物6的該被決定的部分或區域上，較佳地在至少一功能性元件5的正上方。互補地或替代地，該皮革表面4及/或該皮革修整物6的該被決定的部分或區域係位在朝向該功能性元件5的功能性方向上，例如，在一手動切換元件的操作方向上。Preferably, during the transfer coating step 22, the hydraulic pressing device is adjusted to the mold with respect to the position and the pressing direction of the leather 1 such that a functional relationship is formed in the functional elements 5. At least one of them. This means that the surface structure is embossed on the leather surface 4 and/or the determined portion or region of the leather trim 6 within the layer structure, preferably directly above the at least one functional element 5. . Complementarily or alternatively, the leather surface 4 and/or the determined portion or region of the leather trim 6 is tied in a functional orientation towards the functional element 5, for example, in the operation of a manual switching element In the direction.
位在該功能性元件5底下或該功能性元件5本身的該至少一功能性元件5因而可分別藉由光學的及/或觸覺的符號而被額外地顯示。例如，該功能性元件5可以是一用於一被整合在一電視扶手椅的皮革1內的電視機的手動遙控器的機械式變形敏感的輸入元件。在該皮革1的該對應點的表面結構具有一圓形開關形式的高度(elevation)。亦參見圖8以及下面相關的描述。使用者現在觸覺地感覺到在該皮革1的該表面結構上的該輸入元件，他可按它，感受到一改變的機械阻力及“卡搭”聲音形式之觸覺的或聲音的回饋。The at least one functional element 5 located under the functional element 5 or the functional element 5 itself can thus be optically and/or touched, respectivelyThe symbol of the sense is additionally displayed. For example, the functional element 5 can be a mechanical deformation-sensitive input element for a manual remote control of a television set integrated into the leather 1 of a television armchair. The surface structure at the corresponding point of the leather 1 has an elevation in the form of a circular switch. See also Figure 8 and the related description below. The user now tactilely perceives the input element on the surface structure of the leather 1 by which he can feel a change in mechanical resistance and a tactile or audible feedback in the form of a "click" sound.
該轉印塗覆步驟22或轉印塗覆方法亦可被實施在該方法內的另一位置(即，用於該皮革1的製造的該方法的在順序上的另一位置)，例如，在該第二或第三修整步驟之前。The transfer coating step 22 or the transfer coating method may also be carried out at another position within the method (ie, another position in the sequence of the method for the manufacture of the leather 1), for example, Before the second or third trimming step.
非必要地，該電子層3或該等電子層3的功能性元件5可在一激活步驟中被分別地激活。這可在該製造期間、緊接在該製造之後或稍後被實施。如果該激活步驟是在該製造期間或緊接在該製造之後被實施的話，則每一電子層3可被保護免於例如電子層被施加時的故障接點或類此者。如果該激活步驟只在稍後被實施(例如，在運送時或在顧客處)的話，則需要能量的該等功能性元件5可例如只在稍後的時間點和一能量源(例如，電池)連接。Optionally, the electronic layer 3 or the functional elements 5 of the electronic layers 3 can be activated separately in an activation step. This can be implemented during the manufacturing, immediately after the manufacturing or later. If the activation step is carried out during or immediately after the manufacturing, each electronic layer 3 can be protected from, for example, a faulty junction or the like when the electronic layer is applied. If the activation step is only implemented later (for example, at the time of shipment or at the customer), then the functional elements 5 requiring energy may, for example, only at a later point in time and an energy source (eg, a battery) )connection.
該電子層3或該等電子層3亦可分別地藉由使用刮片技術、噴墨印刷、粉末塗覆、層壓箔片塗覆(laminate foil coating)、噴灑塗覆、藉由PVD技術的塗覆或藉由CVD技術的塗覆來施加。如果該方法需要遍布的分離(all-over separation)的話，則每一電子層3可藉由陰影遮罩(shadow masking)或藉由蝕刻方法來建構。該等被提到的例子不應被視為是全部的例子，其中熟習此技藝者將知道其它的可能性。The electronic layer 3 or the electronic layers 3 can also be separately used by using a doctor blade technique, inkjet printing, powder coating, laminate foil coating, spray coating, by PVD technology. Applied by coating or by coating by CVD techniques. If the method needs to be spread overFor all-over separation, each electronic layer 3 can be constructed by shadow masking or by etching. These mentioned examples should not be considered as all examples, and those skilled in the art will be aware of other possibilities.
依據本發明的皮革1的一示範性用途被示於圖8中。在圖8中，一扶手椅11(例如，一電視扶手椅)被皮革包覆，其中依據第四實施例的皮革具有如圖4所示的組成，但沒有電子層3。在扶手的區域12(它在圖8中被部分放大地示出)中，皮革1係依據第四實施例被建構成具有該電子層3。在此用途中的該等功能性元件5是由焦電元件所組成，這表示每一功能性元件5將對於電荷分離形式之暫時的溫度改變給出反應。因此，每一功能性元件5形成一按鈕，其在接觸時觸發例如用於手動地控制一電視機及/或該扶手椅11的背靠位置的功能。An exemplary use of leather 1 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. In Fig. 8, an armchair 11 (e.g., a television armchair) is covered with leather, wherein the leather according to the fourth embodiment has a composition as shown in Fig. 4, but no electronic layer 3. In the region 12 of the armrest (which is partially enlarged in Fig. 8), the leather 1 is constructed to have the electronic layer 3 in accordance with the fourth embodiment. The functional elements 5 in this application are composed of pyroelectric elements, which means that each functional element 5 will react to a temporary temperature change in the form of charge separation. Thus, each functional element 5 forms a button that, when in contact, triggers a function, for example, for manually controlling the back position of a television set and/or the armchair 11.
應指出的是，依據本發明的方法亦可被實施用來製造具有電子層的合成皮。It should be noted that the method according to the invention can also be practiced for the production of synthetic skins having an electronic layer.
依據本發明之具有一或多的電子層的皮革亦可例如被用來製造下列產品：方向盤皮革、內裝部件(譬如，皮革包覆的門、扶手、地毯部件或安全氣囊蓋子、皮革靠墊、皮鞋、衣服、皮箱、包包及流行配件。這些及其它產品可藉由用依據本發明的皮革來包覆而被提供電子功能或用途。例如，皮革方向盤可同時測量駕駛人手的溫度和濕度用以根據這些及其它測量數據來判斷駕駛人的疲勞和健康狀況。在一電視扶手椅的電子層內的壓力及聲音感測器可偵測坐在該電視扶手椅內的人在他睡著時的均勻的呼吸活動，這可將椅子從坐著的位置以一自動的方式改變為睡覺的位置。依據另一個用途例子，在依據圖1及圖2之可看到電子層的第一或第二實施例的皮革中，可用該電子層來實現一被印刷的照明功能或甚至是一被印刷的顯示器。藉由這些例子，熟習此技藝者將理解具有一或多個電子層的皮革的可能的應用及使用範圍。Leather having one or more electronic layers in accordance with the present invention may also be used, for example, to manufacture the following products: steering wheel leather, interior components (eg, leather-covered doors, armrests, carpet components or airbag covers, leather cushions, Leather shoes, clothes, luggage, bags and fashion accessories. These and other products can be provided with electronic functions or uses by being covered with leather according to the invention. For example, the leather steering wheel can simultaneously measure the temperature and humidity of the driver's hand. Used to judge the fatigue and health of the driver based on these and other measurement data. The pressure and sound in the electronic layer of a TV armchairThe detector can detect the uniform breathing activity of the person sitting in the TV armchair while he is asleep, which can change the chair from the sitting position to the sleeping position in an automatic manner. According to another use example, in the leather of the first or second embodiment of the electronic layer according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the electronic layer can be used to achieve a printed illumination function or even a printed monitor. By way of these examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate the possible applications and scope of use of leather having one or more electronic layers.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ??A50736/2016 | 2016-08-16 | ||
| ATA50736/2016AAT519037A2 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2016-08-16 | Leather with an electronics layer |
| ATA50136/2017AAT519702A2 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | Leather with an electronics layer |
| ??A50136/2017 | 2017-02-21 |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201809286Atrue TW201809286A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW106126279ATW201809286A (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2017-08-03 | Leather having an electronic layer |
| Country | Link |
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| TW (1) | TW201809286A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018032026A1 (en) |
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