Vezje za zmanjšanje izgub kondenzatorskega napajalnika Področje tehnikeCapacitor Power Supply Loss Reduction Circuit Technical Field
Elektrotehnika, vezjaElectrical engineering, circuits
Tehnični problemTechnical problem
Tehnični problem, ki ga rešuje obravnavani izum, so težave pri enostavnem napajanju različnih elektronskih vezij manjše moči brez galvanske ločitve od izmenične omrežne napetosti.The technical problem solved by the present invention is the difficulty in easily powering various electronic circuits of lower power without galvanic separation from the alternating mains voltage.
Stanje tehnikeState of the art
JP200926824 opisuje način zagotovitve vezja za zmanjševanje hitrega toka, ki lahko odpravi uporabo dragega aktivnega elementa in zmanjša navalni tok zaradi trenutne prekinitve napajanja, in sicer tako, da vezje vključuje stikalno napravo, ki je zaporedno povezana z daljnovodom za oskrbo z električno energijo od napajanja do bremena, in časovno konstantno vezje z uporom in kondenzatoijem za uporabo kot vezje za zmanjšanje hitrega toka nastalo med napajanjem obremenitve. Predvsem pa vezje za zmanjšanje hitrega toka vključuje referenčno napetostno vezje, ki je ločeno od vezja s časovno konstanto. Referenčno napetostno vezje izprazni naboje kondenzatorja v časovno konstantnem krogu pri izklopu napajanja bremena. Referenčno napetostno vezje je sestavljeno iz pasivnega elementa.JP200926824 describes a method of providing an inrush current reduction circuit which can eliminate the use of an expensive active element and reduce the inrush current due to a momentary supply interruption, by including a switching device connected in series with a power supply line from the supply to loads, and a time-constant circuit with a resistor and capacitor for use as a circuit to reduce the inrush current generated while energizing the load. In particular, the fast current reduction circuit includes a voltage reference circuit that is separate from the time constant circuit. The voltage reference circuit discharges the capacitor charges in a time-constant circuit when the load is turned off. The voltage reference circuit consists of a passive element.
CA2521570 opisuje vezje za zmanjšanje šuma napajalnika in metoda za zmanjšanje šuma pri napajanju za zmanjšanje šuma napajanja pri kateri koli frekvenci vključuje prisilno šum napajanja, da resonira na resonančno frekvenco vzporednega resonančnega vezja, vključno z induktorjem in kondenzatorjem za nastavitev frekvence šuma, kije enak ali blizu resonančne frekvence vzporednega resonančnega vezja, in z zmanjšanjem šuma nastavite enako ali blizu resonančne frekvence vzporednega resonančnega kroga z uporabo nizkoprepustnega filtra, ki vključuje upor in kondenzator.CA2521570 describes a power supply noise reduction circuit and a power supply noise reduction method for reducing power supply noise at any frequency includes forcing the power supply noise to resonate at the resonant frequency of the parallel resonant circuit, including an inductor and capacitor to set the noise frequency at or near resonant frequency of the parallel resonant circuit, and by reducing the noise set equal to or close to the resonant frequency of the parallel resonant circuit using a low-pass filter that includes a resistor and a capacitor.
WO2011102587 opisuje rešitev, ki se nanaša na napravo za zmanjšanje moči v stanju pripravljenosti, ki lahko ustavi delovanje preklopnega napajalnega tokokroga in dovaja električno energijo, napolnjeno v električnem dvoslojnem kondenzatorju, kot moč v pripravljenosti, ko je elektronska oprema v stanju pripravljenosti, s čimer se zmanjša izguba energije v stanju pripravljenosti. Ta izum se nanaša tudi na napravo za zmanjšanje moči v pripravljenosti, ki lahko vzdržuje krmilni signal signalnega vezja, ki se nahaja na sekundami strani izolacijskega transformatorja v stanju visoke izolacije in odda krmilni signal krmilnemu vezju, ki se nahaja na prvi strani izolacijskega transformatorja s pomočjo fotosklopke. Na primer, naprava za zmanjševanje moči elektronske opreme v stanju pripravljenosti, v kateri izvorno ozemljitev in ozemljitev opreme vzdržuje izolacijski transformator v izolacijskem stanju, obsega: signalno vezje, ki uporablja ozemljitev opreme kot ozemljitev in ustvarja krmilni signal; sistemsko krmilno vezje, električno povezano s signalnim vezjem in ki sprejema uporabniški ukaz za nadzor delovanja elektronske opreme; stikalno napajalno vezje, ki uporablja izvorno maso kot ozemljitev in napaja signalno vezje prek izolacijskega transformatorja; krmilno vezje, električno priključeno na stikalno napajalno vezje in sprejema kontrolni signal, ki ga generira signalno vezje za nadzor delovanja stikalnega napajalnega tokokroga; in fotosklopka, ki se nahaja med signalnim vezjem in krmilnim vezjem in oddaja krmilni signal, ki ga generira signalno vezje v krmilno vezje, hkrati pa ohranja stanje izolacije.WO2011102587 describes a solution relating to a standby power reduction device that can stop the operation of a switching power supply circuit and supply the electrical energy stored in an electric double-layer capacitor as standby power when the electronic equipment is in the standby state, thereby reduces standby power loss. This invention also relates to a standby power reduction device capable of maintaining a control signal of a signal circuit located on the second side of the isolation transformer in a high isolation condition and providing a control signal to the control circuit located on the first side of the isolation transformer by photocouplers. For example, a device for reducing the power of electronic equipment in a standby state, in which the source ground and equipment ground is maintained in an isolation state by an isolation transformer, comprises: a signal circuit that uses the equipment ground as a ground and generates a control signal; a system control circuit electrically connected to the signal circuit and which receives a user command to control the operation of the electronic equipment; a switching power supply circuit that uses the source ground as ground and supplies the signal circuit via an isolation transformer; a control circuit electrically connected to the switching power supply circuit and receiving a control signal generated by the signal circuit for controlling the operation of the switching power supply circuit; and a photocoupler located between the signal circuit and the control circuit and transmits the control signal generated by the signal circuit to the control circuit while maintaining the isolation condition.
CN201310161930 opisuje napajalno vezje za zmanjšanje napetosti izmeničnega toka, ki lahko zagotovi idealno, poceni, nizko porabo energije in stabilnejše napajanje z mikrotokom za zmanjšanje napetosti izmeničnega toka za nekatera mikrotokovna obratovalna vezja. Napajalni tokokrog mikrotoka sprejme kapacitivno vezje za zmanjšanje napetosti s kondenzatorjem za zmanjšanje napetosti z majhno zmogljivostjo. V primerjavi z obstoječim izdelkom ima napajalni tokokrog mikrotoka prednosti, da je napajalni tokokrog z zelo nizko porabo energije, nizki stroški, ima pomembne učinke varčevanja z energijo in zaščito okolja ter očitne prednosti, je nov razvoj za stanje tehnike, širi področje uporabe in je preboj.CN201310161930 describes an AC voltage reduction power supply circuit that can provide an ideal, low cost, low power consumption and more stable AC voltage reduction microcurrent power supply for some microcurrent operating circuits. The microcurrent power supply circuit adopts a capacitive voltage reduction circuit with a low capacity voltage reduction capacitor. Compared with the existing product, the microcurrent power supply circuit has the advantages of being a power supply circuit with very low power consumption, low cost, has significant energy saving and environmental protection effects, and obvious advantages, is a new development for the state of the art, expands the application area, and is a breakthrough .
Opis nove rešitveDescription of the new solution
Vezje za zmanjšanje izgub kondenzatorskega napajalnika rešuje tehnični problem težav pri enostavnem napajanju različnih elektronskih vezij manjše moči brez galvanske ločitve od izmenične omrežne napetosti tako, da se konstruira in izvede vezje za zmanjšanje izgub na zener diodi kondenzatorskega napajalnika.The capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit solves the technical problem of difficulties in easily powering various electronic circuits of lower power without galvanic isolation from the AC mains voltage by designing and implementing a capacitor power supply zener diode loss reduction circuit.
Za doseganje želenega učinka je uporabljen stikalni element na ta način, da premošča zener diodo, ko je na njej dovolj visoka zaporna napetost. Na ta način se zmanjšajo izgube, ki bi jih povzročil tok skozi zaporno polarizirano zener diodo.To achieve the desired effect, a switching element is used in such a way that it bridges the zener diode when there is a high enough blocking voltage on it. In this way, the losses that would be caused by the current through the blocking polarized zener diode are reduced.
Elektronska vezja, ki ne potrebujejo galvanske ločitve od izmenične omrežne napetosti in za delovanje ne potrebujejo veliko toka, se lahko napajajo z enostavnim kondenzatorskim napajalnikom. Glavne komponente znanih kondenzatorskih napajalnikov so: visokonapetostni kondenzator, zaščitni upor, zener dioda, usmemiška dioda in elektrolitski kondenzator. Tak napajalnik izkorišča kapacitivni tok skozi visokonapetostni kondenzator, na katerem je večina visoke omrežne napetosti. Padec napetosti na zener diodi se polvalno usmerja z diodo. Elektrolitski kondenzator gladi izhodno napetost. Maksimalna napetost izhoda je omejena z zaporno napetostjo zener diode.Electronic circuits that do not require galvanic isolation from the AC mains voltage and do not need a lot of current to operate can be powered by a simple capacitor power supply. The main components of known capacitor power supplies are: high-voltage capacitor, protection resistor, zener diode, smiley diode and electrolytic capacitor. Such a power supply utilizes the capacitive current through the high-voltage capacitor, on which most of the high mains voltage is present. The voltage drop across the zener diode is half-wave rectified by the diode. The electrolytic capacitor smoothes the output voltage. The maximum output voltage is limited by the blocking voltage of the zener diode.
V znanih izvedbah kondenzatorskega napajalnika preko zener diode v pozitivni polperiodi teče ves preostali tok, ki ga napajano elektronsko vezje na izhodu ne potrebuje. Visokonapetostni kondenzator mora biti dimenzioniran tako, da pri maksimalni obremenitvi izhoda zagotavlja dovolj toka pri minimalni vhodni omrežni napetosti. Takrat skozi zener diodo v zaporni smeri teče minimalen tok. Pri maksimalni vhodni omrežni napetosti se tok skozi visokonapetostni kondenzator poveča, zato povečan tok teče skozi zener diodo. Tok skozi zener diodo se dodatno poveča, kadar se obremenitev izhoda zmanjša. Pri maksimalni vhodni omrežni napetosti in minimalni izhodni obremenitvi je tok skozi zener diodo največji, zato so izgube na zener diodi takrat naj večje.In known versions of the capacitor power supply, all the remaining current, which is not needed by the powered electronic circuit at the output, flows through the zener diode in the positive half-cycle. The high-voltage capacitor must be dimensioned in such a way that, at maximum output load, it provides enough current at minimum input mains voltage. At that time, a minimum current flows through the zener diode in the closing direction. At maximum input line voltage, the current through the high-voltage capacitor increases, so the increased current flows through the zener diode. The current through the zener diode increases further as the load on the output decreases. At the maximum input network voltage and the minimum output load, the current through the zener diode is the largest, so the losses on the zener diode should be greater then.
Kadar je potreben večji razpon vhodnih napetosti ali mora biti napajalnik dimenzioniran za občasne večje obremenitve, lahko postanejo izgube na zener diodi tako velike, da nastane problem zaradi segrevanja.When a wider range of input voltages is required or the power supply needs to be sized for occasional heavy loads, the losses on the zener diode can become so great that heating becomes a problem.
V nadaljevanju je predmet izuma prikazan s pomočjo skice, pri čemer skica tvori del te patentne prijave, in prikazuje:In the following, the subject of the invention is shown by means of a sketch, which sketch forms part of this patent application, and shows:
Skica 1 prikazujeSketch 1 shows
GND - negativna sponka napajanjaGND - negative terminal of the power supply
VCC - pozitivna sponka napajanja, kije hkrati tudi vhod za nadzor izhodne napetosti UZ - vhod za nadzor napetosti na zener diodiVCC - the positive terminal of the power supply, which is also the input for controlling the output voltage UZ - the input for controlling the voltage on the zener diode
FET - izhod za krmiljenje stikalnega elementaFET - output for controlling the switching element
101 — stikalni element101 — switch element
102 - zener dioda102 - zener diode
103 - elektrolitski kondenzator103 - electrolytic capacitor
104 - usmemiška dioda104 - smiley diode
105 - visokonapetnostni kondenzator105 - high voltage capacitor
106 - zaščitni upor106 - protective resistor
201 — krmilno vezje201 — control circuit
Predlagana rešitev vezja za zmanjšanje izgub kondenzatorskega napajalnika na sliki 1 zmanjša izgube na zener diodi 102. Kadar je izhodna napetost na kondenzatorju 103 dovolj visoka, krmilno vezje 201 preko izhoda za krmiljenje stikalnega elementa FET odpre stikalni element 101. Takrat se vhodni tok preko zaščitnega upora 106, visokonapetostnega kondenzatorja 105 zaključuje preko stikalnega elementa 101, na katerem je zelo nizka napetost. Zato so izgube na stikalnem elementu 101 bistveno manjše, kot bi bile na zener diodi 102.The proposed circuit solution to reduce the losses of the capacitor power supply in Figure 1 reduces the losses on the zener diode 102. When the output voltage on the capacitor 103 is high enough, the control circuit 201 opens the switching element 101 via the output to control the switching element FET. Then the input current through the protective resistor 106, the high-voltage capacitor 105 terminates via the switching element 101, on which there is a very low voltage. Therefore, the losses on the switching element 101 are significantly lower than they would be on the zener diode 102.
Krmilno vezje 201 se napaja preko pozitivne sponke napajanja, kije hkrati tudi vhod za nadzor izhodne napetosti VCC. Nastavljena meja izhodne napetosti v krmilnem vezju mora biti manjša od prebojne napetosti zener diode 102 v zaporni smeri.The control circuit 201 is powered via the positive terminal of the power supply, which is also the input for controlling the output voltage VCC. The set limit of the output voltage in the control circuit must be less than the breakdown voltage of the zener diode 102 in the blocking direction.
Dokler je izhodna napetost manjša od nastavljene meje v krmilnem vezju 201, je izhod za krmiljenje stikalnega elementa FET v nizkem, neaktivnem stanju, tako daje stikalni element 101 zaprt. Vhodni tok v pozitivni polperiodi teče preko zaščitnega upora 106, visokonapetostnega kondenzatorja 105, usmemiške diode 104 ter paralelne vezave elektrolitskega kondenzatorja 103 in izhoda. V negativni polperiodi vhodni tok teče preko zaščitnega upora 106, visokonapetostnega kondenzatorja 105 in prevodno polarizirane zener diode 102. Ker je padec napetosti na zener diodi v prevodni smeri majhen, so takrat izgube na zener diodi majhne. Možna je tudi izvedba krmilnega vezja, da vsako negativno polperiodo odpre stikalni element 101, na katerem je padec napetosti še manjši od padca napetosti na zener diodi v prevodni smeri.As long as the output voltage is less than the set limit in the control circuit 201, the control output of the switching element FET is in a low, inactive state, so that the switching element 101 is closed. The input current in the positive half-cycle flows through the protective resistor 106, the high-voltage capacitor 105, the smile diode 104 and the parallel connection of the electrolytic capacitor 103 and the output. In the negative half-cycle, the input current flows through the protective resistor 106, the high-voltage capacitor 105 and the conductively polarized zener diode 102. Since the voltage drop on the zener diode in the conductive direction is small, then the losses on the zener diode are small. It is also possible to design a control circuit so that every negative half-cycle opens the switching element 101, on which the voltage drop is even smaller than the voltage drop on the zener diode in the conduction direction.
Ko izhodna napetost preseže nastavljeno mejo v krmilnem vezju 201 ter je napetost na zener diodi in vhodu za nadzor napetosti na zener diodi UZ dovolj nizka, se izhod za krmiljenje stikalnega elementa FET postavi v visoko, aktivno stanje, ki odpre stikalni element 101. Takrat vhodni tok v obeh polperiodah teče preko zaščitnega upora 106, visokonapetostnega kondenzatorja 105 in stikalnega elementa 101. Elektronsko vezje na izhodu se napaja z energijo elektrolitskega kondenzatorja 103. Ko izhodna napetost pade pod nastavljeno mejo, zmanjšano za histerezo, se izhod za krmiljenje stikalnega elementa FET vrne v nizko, neaktivno stanje, tako da se stikalni element 101 zapre.When the output voltage exceeds the set limit in the control circuit 201 and the voltage across the zener diode and the voltage control input of the zener diode UZ is low enough, the control output of the FET switch element is set to a high, active state, which opens the switch element 101. Then the input the current in both half-cycles flows through the protective resistor 106, the high-voltage capacitor 105 and the switching element 101. The electronic circuit at the output is supplied with the energy of the electrolytic capacitor 103. When the output voltage falls below the set limit, minus the hysteresis, the output to control the switching element FET returns to a low, inactive state so that switch element 101 closes.
Prednosti predlagane rešitve vezja za zmanjšanje izgub kondenzatorskega napajalnika so: - manjše segrevanje vezja zaradi manjših izgub na zener diodi;The advantages of the proposed circuit solution for reducing the losses of the capacitor power supply are: - less heating of the circuit due to lower losses on the zener diode;
- bolj varčno vezje zaradi manjše porabe energije;- more economical circuit due to lower energy consumption;
- možna uporaba enostavnega kondenzatorskega napajalnika za širši razpon vhodnih napetosti;- possible use of a simple capacitor power supply for a wider range of input voltages;
- možna uporaba enostavnega kondenzatorskega napajalnika za večje obremenitve izhoda.- possible use of a simple capacitor power supply for larger output loads.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202100173ASI26251A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | A capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit |
| PCT/SI2022/050024WO2023043380A1 (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-08-18 | A capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit |
| EP22772622.1AEP4200966A1 (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-08-18 | A capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202100173ASI26251A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | A capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI26251Atrue SI26251A (en) | 2023-03-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI202100173ASI26251A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | A capacitor power supply loss reduction circuit |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4200966A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI26251A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023043380A1 (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12311170B2 (en) | 2020-05-04 | 2025-05-27 | Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. | Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient |
| US12427307B2 (en) | 2020-05-04 | 2025-09-30 | Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. | Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12311170B2 (en) | 2020-05-04 | 2025-05-27 | Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. | Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient |
| US12427307B2 (en) | 2020-05-04 | 2025-09-30 | Btl Healthcare Technologies A.S. | Device and method for unattended treatment of a patient |
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2023043380A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
| EP4200966A1 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| OO00 | Grant of patent | Effective date:20230404 |