SI21104B - Power plant, dam or similar water management facility flow area with enhanced dissipation effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the presented invention is to provide an effective dissipation or neutralisation of excessive kinetic energy in any hydropower plant flow area or other water management facility even with relatively small level differences and relatively large flows, meaning extremely low values of the so-called Froude number and under negligible reduction of the visible transverse cross section of any flow area, be it during design of new water management facilities or even just based on an economically viable reconstruction of any existing facility. This way the riverbed and banks of any stream under the transverse area can be protected against enormous erosion. The flow area of the hydropower plant, dam or similar water management facility consists of a fortified cascade base (2), which is - seen from the flow direction - located directly under/after the overflow (1) and if necessary terminated by a terminal threshold (3), while at the sides it is limited by at least vertical or slant lateral walls (4', 4''). If necessary, such an area can be equipped with a suitable gate (6) or similar locking device. The cascade base with overflow (1) and a terminal threshold (3) along with the specified lateral walls (4', 4'') feature a uniform compact construction for managing hydraulic pressure and phenomena between the dammed area of any stream, which is located above or before the specified flow area and between the river bed with corresponding banks after or under the throughput are. According to the invention there is in the area of at least one lateral wall (4', 4'') of each flow area at least one dissipation beam (5', 5'') anticipated, which is looking in the flow direction and reaching sidewise to the cross section of the flow area.

Claims (42)

Translated fromSlovenian

CIUHA Dušan Pretočno polje hidroelektrarne, jezu ali podobnega vodnogospodarskega objekta z izboljšanim disipacijskim učinkom SPREMENJENI PATENTNI ZAHTEVKI 1. Pretočno polje hidroelektrarne, jezu ali podobnega vodnogospodarskega objekta, sestoječe iz utrjenega podslapja (2), ki je - gledano v smeri toka -razporejeno neposredno pod/za prelivom (1) in po potrebi zaključeno z zaključnim pragom (3) ter ob straneh omejeno z vsaj v bistvu vertikalnima ali poševnima bočnima stenama (4', 4"), po potrebi pa je v območju takšnega pretočnega polja predvidena tudi primerna zapornica (6) ali podobna zapiralna naprava, pri čemer omenjeno podslapje s prelivom (1) in po potrebi z zaključnim pragom (3) skupaj z omenjenima bočnima stenama (4', 4") tvori enovito, kompaktno konstrukcijo za obvladovanje hidravličnih obremenitev in pojavov med zajezenim območjem vsakokratnega vodotoka, ki se nahaja nad oz. pred omenjenim pretočnim poljem, ter med rečno strugo s pripadajočima brežinama za oz. pod pretočnim območjem, označeno s tem, da sta v območju notranjega prečnega preseka pretočnega polja predvideni vsaj dve disipacijski gredi (5', 5"), pri čemer disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata vzdolž sosednjihih bočnih sten (4', 4") od območja preliva (1) vsaj v bistvu v smeri toka in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo. 2 ♦ ·CIUHA Dušan Flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, dam or similar water management facility with improved dissipation effect MODIFIED PATENT REQUIREMENTS 1. Flow field of a hydroelectric power plant, dam or similar water management facility consisting of a fortified sub-waterfall (directly below) in the direction below behind the spillway (1) and, if necessary, terminated by a termination threshold (3) and bounded on the sides by at least substantially vertical or oblique side walls (4 ', 4 "), and if necessary, a suitable barrier is provided in the area of such flow field. 6) or a similar closing device, said sub-waterfall forming a uniform, compact structure for controlling hydraulic loads and phenomena between the dam with the overflow (1) and, if necessary, the end sill (3) together with said side walls (4 ', 4 "). the area of each watercourse, which is located above or in front of the mentioned flow field, and between the river bed with the associated banks for or. below the flow area, characterized in that at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") are provided in the area of the inner cross-section of the flow field, the dissipation shafts (5', 5 ") running along adjacent side walls (4 ', 4 ") from the area of the spillway (1) at least substantially in the direction of flow and extending all the way to the end of sub-waterfall (2), i.e. at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available. 2 ♦ ·2. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve premočrtno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka vzpenjajoče se in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely upstream and extend all the way to the end of the sub-waterfall (2), i. at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available.3. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve premočrtno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka padajoče in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely downstream and extend all the way to the end of the sub-waterfall (2), i. at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available.4. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) vsaj v bistvu horizontalno v smeri toka in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the flow direction and extend all the way to the end of the sub-waterfall (2). ), ie at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available.5. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5"), potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka vzpenjajoče se in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely upstream and extend all the way to the end of the sub-waterfall (2). ), ie at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available.6. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka padajoče in segata vse do zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. vsaj v bistvu do zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely downstream and extend all the way to the end of the sub-waterfall (2), ie at least essentially to the final threshold (3), where available.7. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve premočrtno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) vsaj v bistvu 3 horizontalno v smeri toka in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) at least substantially 3 horizontally in the flow direction and extend beyond the end of the sub-waterfall (2), ie via the closing threshold (3), where available.8. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve premočrtno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka vzpenjajoče se in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely upstream and extend over the end of the sub-waterfall (2), i. via the closing threshold (3), where available.9. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1 do 3, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve premočrtno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5’, 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka padajoče in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two rectilinearly designed dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely downstream and extend over the end of the sub-waterfall (2), i. via the closing threshold (3), where available.10. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) vsaj v bistvu horizontalno v smeri toka in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) at least substantially horizontally in the flow direction and extend beyond the end of the sub-waterfall (2). , ie via the closing threshold (3), where available.11. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka vzpenjajoče se in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely upstream and extend over the end of the sub-waterfall (2), ie via the closing threshold (3), where available.12. Pretočno polje po zahtevku 1, označeno s tem, da vsaj dve vsaj enkrat lomljeno zasnovani disipacijski gredi (5', 5") potekata od območja preliva (1) poševno v smeri toka padajoče in segata preko zaključka podslapja (2), t.j. preko zaključnega praga (3), kadar je ta na voljo.Flow field according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two at least once broken dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") run from the overflow area (1) obliquely downstream and extend over the end of the sub-waterfall (2), i. via the closing threshold (3), where available.13. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 12, označeno s tem, da sta vsaj dve disipacijski gredi (5', 5") razporejeni v smeri toka in med seboj vzporedno.Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") are arranged in the flow direction and parallel to each other.14. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 12, označeno s tem, da sta vsaj dve disipacijski gredi (5', 5") razporejeni vsaj v bistvu v smeri toka, vendar druga glede na drugo poševno, tako da se v smeri toka druga drugi približujeta.Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") are arranged at least substantially in the flow direction, but obliquely relative to each other, so that in the flow direction they approach each other.15. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 12, označeno s tem, da sta vsaj dve disipacijski gredi (5', 5") razporejeni vsaj v bistvu v smeri toka, vendar druga glede na drugo poševno, tako da se v smeri toka druga od druge oddaljujeta.Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least two dissipation shafts (5 ', 5 ") are arranged at least substantially in the flow direction, but obliquely relative to each other, so that in the flow direction they move away from each other.16. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s kvadratnim prečnim profilom.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a square cross-section.17. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s prečnim profilom, kije spodrezan vsaj v bistvu pravokoten ali kvadraten profil, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja površina (501, 502) grede (5') v bistvu hiperbolično izdolbljeni, medtem ko je stranska površina (503) grede (5') ravna in gladka ter vsaj v bistvu vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is undercut at least substantially rectangular or square profile, the lower and upper surfaces of which are , 502) the beam (5 ') is substantially hyperbolically recessed, while the side surface (503) of the beam (5') is flat and smooth and at least substantially vertical.18. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu trapezen profil, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja površina (501, 502) grede (5') ravni in gladki ter horizontalni, stranska površina (503) grede (5') pa je sicer ravna in gladka, vendar pa upoševljena navzven in navzdol. 5A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is at least substantially a trapezoidal profile, the lower and upper surfaces of which are 501, 502) the beam (5 ') is flat and smooth and horizontal, and the side surface (503) of the beam (5') is otherwise flat and smooth, but sloping outwards and downwards. 519. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja površina (501, 502) grede (5') vsaj v bistvu hiperbolično razširjeni v smeri proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4'), medtem ko je stranska površina (503) grede (5') ravna in gladka ter popolnoma vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile in which the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) of the beam (5') are at least substantially hyperbolically extended in the direction of the associated side wall (4 '), while the side surface (503) of the beam (5') is flat and smooth and completely vertical.20. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s prečnim profilom, kije vsaj v bistvu trapezen profil, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja površina (501, 502) grede (5') ravni in gladki ter horizontalni, stranska površina (503) grede (5') pa je sicer ravna in gladka, vendar upoševljena navzdol in navznoter.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile, which is at least substantially a trapezoidal profile, the lower and upper surfaces (501, 502) the beams (5 ') are flat and smooth and horizontal, and the side surface (503) of the beam (5') is otherwise flat and smooth, but sloping downwards and inwards.21. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je pokončen pravokoten profil, katerega zgornja in spodnja površina (501, 502) sta ravni in gladki ter med seboj vzporedni, sicer ravna in vertikalna stranska površina (503) pa je opremljena s pravokotnim, vzdolžno potekajočim utorom (504).A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile which is an upright rectangular profile whose upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are flat and a smooth and parallel to each other, otherwise flat and vertical side surface (503) is provided with a rectangular, longitudinally extending groove (504).22. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je trapezen profil, katerega zgornja in spodnja površina (501, 502) sta ravni in gladki, vendar upoševljeni na ta način, da se v smeri proti pripadajoči steni (4') druga drugi približujeta, medtem ko je ravna in gladka stranska površina (503) vsaj v bistvu vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile, which is a trapezoidal profile whose upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are flat and smooth but bent in such a way that they approach each other in the direction of the corresponding wall (4 '), while the flat and smooth side surface (503) is at least substantially vertical.23. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s prečnim profilom, kije spodrezan vsaj v bistvu pravokoten ali kvadraten profil, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja 6A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is undercut at least substantially rectangular or square profile, wherein the lower and upper 6površina (501, 502) grede (5') vsaj v bistvu hiperbolično izdolbljeni, na vsaj podoben način pa je izdolbljena tudi stranska površina (503) grede (5').the surface (501, 502) of the beam (5 ') is at least substantially hyperbolically recessed, and the side surface (503) of the beam (5') is also recessed in at least a similar manner.24. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu T- profil, pri katerem sta spodnja in zgornja površina (501, 502) grede (5') stopničasto izdolbljeni v območjih neposredno ob steni (4'), medtem ko je stranska površina (503) grede (5') ravna, gladka in vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile, which is at least essentially a T-profile, in which the lower and upper surfaces are , 502) the beams (5 ') are stepped in the areas directly adjacent to the wall (4'), while the side surface (503) of the beam (5 ') is flat, smooth and vertical.25. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu pravilen krožen profil.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is at least substantially a regular circular profile.26. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, kije vsaj v bistvu trapezen profil, pri katerem sta zgornja površina (501) in stranska površina (503) grede (5') ravni in gladki ter med seboj pravokotni, medtem ko je spodnja površina (502) grede (5') sicer ravna in gladka, vendar pa upoševljena v smeri navznoter proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4') in navzdol.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile which is at least substantially a trapezoidal profile, the upper surface (501) and the side surface being (503) the beams (5 ') are flat and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the lower surface (502) of the beams (5') is flat and smooth, but sloping inwards towards the corresponding side wall (4 ') and downwards. .27. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5’, 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu pokončen pravokoten profil, katerega zgornja in spodnja površina (501, 502) sta ravni in gladki ter med seboj vzporedni, sicer ravna in vertikalna stranska površina (503) pa je opremljena z osrednje razporejenim pravokotnim, vzdolžno potekajočim utorom (504), v katerem je na voljo še nadaljnji osrednje razporejen pravokoten in vzdolžno potekajoč utor (505). 7A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile which is at least substantially an upright rectangular profile, the upper and lower surfaces of which (501, 502) ) are flat and smooth and parallel to each other, otherwise the flat and vertical side surface (503) is equipped with a centrally arranged rectangular, longitudinally groove (504), in which a further centrally arranged rectangular and longitudinally groove is available. ). 728. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s prečnim profilom, kije vsaj v bistvu trapezen profil, pri katerem sta spodnja površina (502) in stranska površina (503) grede (5') ravni in gladki ter med seboj pravokotni, medtem ko je zgornja površina (501) grede (5') sicer ravna in gladka, vendar pa upoševljena v smeri navznoter proti steni (4') in navzgor.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") which is designed with a transverse profile which is at least substantially a trapezoidal profile, the lower surface (502) and the side surface ( 503) the beams (5 ') are flat and smooth and perpendicular to each other, while the upper surface (501) of the beams (5') is flat and smooth, but sloping inwards towards the wall (4 ') and upwards.29. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu romboiden profil, pri katerem sta zgornja površina (501) in spodnja površina (502) sicer ravni in gladki, vendar potekata poševno v smeri navzdol proti pripadajoči steni (4'), medtem ko je stranska površina (503) ravna, gladka in vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile which is at least substantially a rhomboid profile, wherein the upper surface (501) and the lower the surface (502) is flat and smooth, but runs obliquely downwards towards the corresponding wall (4 '), while the side surface (503) is flat, smooth and vertical.30. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), kije zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu E-profil, namreč za pokončen pravokoten profil z ravnima, gladkima ter horizontalnima in torej med seboj vzporednima površinama (501, 502), kot tudi z vertikalno stransko površino (503), ki pa je opremljena z dvema med seboj vzporednima vzdolžno po gredi (5') potekajočima vsaj v bistvu pravokotnima utoroma (504, 505).Flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is at least essentially an E-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with flat, smooth and horizontal and therefore parallel surfaces (501, 502), as well as a vertical side surface (503), which is provided with two at least substantially rectangular grooves running parallel to each other along the shaft (5 ') (504, 505). .31. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu H-profil, namreč za pokončen pravokoten profil s horizontalnima in torej med seboj v osnovi vzporednima površinama (501, 502), od katerih je vsaka opremljena s po enim vsaj v bistvu kvadratno profiliranim utorom (504, 505), kot tudi z ravno in gladko vertikalno stransko površino (503). 8 • ·A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile which is at least essentially an H-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore substantially parallel surfaces (501, 502), each of which is provided with at least one substantially square profiled groove (504, 505), as well as with a flat and smooth vertical side surface (503). 8 • ·32. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki modificiran H-profil, namreč za pokončen pravokoten profil s horizontalnima in torej med seboj v osnovi vzporednima površinama (501, 502), pri čemer je zgornja površina (501) izvedena stopničasto zoženo v smeri proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4'), spodnja površina (502) pa je opremljena z vzdolžno potekajočim pravokotnim utorom (504), medtem ko je stranska površina (503) vsaj v bistvu ravna, gladka in vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile modifying the H-profile, namely for an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore mutually in basically parallel surfaces (501, 502), the upper surface (501) being stepped tapering towards the associated side wall (4 '), and the lower surface (502) being provided with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove (504), while the side surface (503) is at least substantially flat, smooth and vertical.33. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, pri katerem sta zgornja in spodnja površina (501, 502) med seboj v osnovi vzporedni, medtem ko je stranska površina (503) stopničasto upoševljena v smeri navzdol in proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4').A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile in which the upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are substantially parallel to each other, while the side surface (503) is stepped downwards and towards the associated side wall (4 ').34. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki je vsaj v bistvu L-profil, namreč pokončen pravokoten profil s horizontalnima in torej med seboj v osnovi vzporednima zgornjo in spodnjo površino (501, 502), pri čemer je zgornja površina (501) izvedena stopničasto zoženo v smeri proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4'), spodnja površina (502) je ravna in gladka, prav tako pa je ravna, gladka tudi vertikalna stranska površina (503).A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile which is at least essentially an L-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore between the upper and lower surfaces (501, 502) are basically parallel to each other, the upper surface (501) being stepped in a direction towards the corresponding side wall (4 '), the lower surface (502) being flat and smooth, and also flat, smooth also vertical side surface (503).35. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki zasukan U-profil, namreč pokončen pravokoten profil s horizontalnima in torej med seboj v osnovi vzporednima zgornjo in spodnjo površino (501, 502), pri čemer je zgornja površina (501) ravna, spodnja površina (502) je opremljena z vzdolžno 9 • « »« • · ’ · · 4 • »« * ♦ * V · ♦ · · potekajočim pravokotnim utorom (504), medtem ko je stranska površina (503) vsaj v bistvu ravna, gladka in vertikalna.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), which is designed with a transverse profile that rotates a U-profile, namely an upright rectangular profile with horizontal and therefore mutually substantially parallel upper and lower surface (501, 502), where the upper surface (501) is flat, the lower surface (502) is equipped with a longitudinal 9 • «» «• · '· · 4 •» «* ♦ * V · ♦ · · Running rectangular groove (504), while the side surface (503) is at least essentially flat, smooth and vertical.36. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), ki je zasnovana s prečnim profilom, ki v bistvu predstavlja črko X, namreč vsaj v bistvu pravokoten ali kvadraten profil, pri katerem je zgornja površina (501) stopničasto upoševljena v smeri navzdol in navznoter proti pripadajoči bočni steni (4'), medtem ko sta stranska površina (503) in spodnja površina (502) grede (5') trapezno izdolbljeni, tako da vsaka od njiju obsega trapezen, vzdolžno potekajoč utor (504, 505).A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 ") formed by a transverse profile substantially representing the letter X, namely at least substantially a rectangular or square profile, wherein the upper surface (501) is stepped downwards and inwards towards the associated side wall (4 '), while the side surface (503) and the lower surface (502) of the beam (5') are trapezoidal so that each of them comprises trapezoidal, longitudinally groove (504, 505).37. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno kompleksno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), sestoječo iz druge ob drugi razporejenih gred.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one complex dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 "), consisting of shafts arranged next to each other.38. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno kompleksno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), sestoječo iz druge ob drugi razporejenih gred izrazito sploščenega pravokotnega prečnega profila.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one complex dissipation shaft (5 ', 5 "), consisting of shafts of a distinctly flattened rectangular cross-section arranged next to each other.39. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), katere prečni profil je po dolžini grede (5', 5") nespremenljiv.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), the cross section of which is fixed along the length of the beam (5', 5 ").40. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), katere prečni profil je po dolžini grede (5', 5") spremenljiv.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), the cross section of which is variable along the length of the beam (5', 5 ").41. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), katere prečni profil je po dolžini grede (5', 5") zvezno spremenljiv.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), the transverse profile of which is continuously variable along the length of the beam (5', 5 ").42. Pretočno polje po kateremkoli od zahtevkov 1 do 15, obsegajoče vsaj eno disipacijsko gredo (5', 5"), katere prečni profil je po dolžini grede (5', 5") nezvezno spremenljiv.A flow field according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising at least one dissipation beam (5 ', 5 "), the cross-section of which is continuously variable along the length of the beam (5', 5 ").