HYGIENE PAPER OF HIGH DENSITY AND PROCESS OFMANUFACTURINGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a toilet paper and more particularly, to a high density toilet paper that has a soft feel. Background of the Invention Toilet paper is well known in the art, and it is an essential item in everyday life Toilet paper, is commonly divided for two uses - toilet paper for the bathroom, and toilet paper for facial use Both, require some attributes to be accepted by the consumer One of the most important attributes is the softness The softness is a subjenva evaluation of the feeling to the touch that the user feels when handling or using the toilet paper The softness can not be measured directly. However, the values of relative softness can be measured in a section rating unit (PSU) according to the technique established in the commonly assigned US Patent 5,534,425, issued on October 11, 1994, issued to Mackey andAssociated, except that the samples are not allowed to be graded with the same softness This patent is incorporated herein by reference It has been found that the softness is related to 1) the topographic surface of the toilet paper, 2) the flexibility of the paper hygienic, and 3) the coefficient of sliding friction-adhesion of the surface of the toilet paper. • Some attempts have been made in the art, to improve the softness by increasing the flexibility of the toilet paper. For example, commonly assigned US Patent 4,191,609, issued to Trokhan, has shown that increasing flexibility through a bilaterally staggered distribution of low density regions is a commercially successful method. However, it has been well recognized in the art, that those multiple density toilet papers, which provide a very successful softness and flexibility in the market, have an inherently distinctive topography. However, it has been shown that, improving and still maintaining the smoothness provided by a smoother surface topography, turns out to be elusive. The reason for this elusiveness is the competition in the market between the smoother surface topography and the increase in density. Normally, the densification that increases the contacts of fiber with fiber, potentially cause a bond at the contact points. This negatively impacts the flexibility and therefore the softness. To this interdependent relationship between density / smoothness, they have been referred to in the commonly assigned U.S. Patent 4,300,981, issued November 17, 1994, granted to Carstens.com or virtually irrefutable. In the patent 4,300,981, Carstens also describes the PSU softness meter, and said patent is incorporated herein by reference. This relationship is also set forth in the European Patent Competitive Application 0 613 979 A1, published on September 7, 1994, as an increase in void volume (eg, decreased density) correlated with improved smoothness Unfortunately, this interrelation has opposite effects that are perceived by the consumers of the toilet paper products. Unexpectedly, the applicants have discovered a way to uncouple the relationships between density and smoothness from prior art. In this way, it is now possible to improve the topography of the surface of the toilet paper, without encountering the concomitant loss of softness, which occurs in the prior art. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain with the present invention, levels of softness that were previously unattainable at relatively high densities. The absorbency at the highest density is also maintained unexpectedly. This is contrary to prior art beliefs, as illustrated in European Patent Application 0616074 A1, in which maintaining a lower density results in absorbent sheets, which have more volume. Additionally, it has been unexpectedly discovered that it is necessary to use a multiple density substrate to make a toilet paper in accordance with the present invention. This is unexpected, because multiple-density toilet paper, particularly air-dried toilet paper, generally has a lower density than conventionally dried toilet paper, which has a uniform density in all its regions. Therefore, hygienic papers of relatively lower densities, .co or starting point for the satin process, should be used, instead of using a high density toilet paper, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS, All the Figures, are of ! toilet paper and are taken in the direction of the machine. Figure 1 is a sectioned view of the toilet paper, which shows how the height of the micropic, the width of the micropic, are measured and the number of micropicts per inch is measured. Figure 2 is a microscopic optical photomicrograph of air-dried toilet paper, according to the prior art, which has 20% crepitus. Figure 3 is an optimal microscopic photomicrograph of the toilet paper according to the present invention. Figure 4 is an optimal microscopic photomicrograph of the competing air-dried toilet paper that has been heavily weathered. INVENTION The present invention comprises a sheet of toilet paper. Toilet paper is a cellulose fibrous structure of a single, multi-density, macroscopic plane dried by air. The toilet paper has 0 a smooth surface, with a physiological smoothing, less than or equal to about 600 microns, preferably less than or equal to about 550 microns, and more preferably less than or equal to about 500 microns. The toilet paper can be manufactured from an air-dried substrate 5. The substrate can be dried at a moisture level from about 1.9 to about 35 percent. The toilet paper can be subsequently satinated at a pressure of approximately 200 to 2,000 psi, and from 30 to 400 pli in the contraction of the vein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The toilet paper according to the present invention comprises a cellulosic fibrous structure of a single macroscopic plane. Toilet paper is two-dimensional, although not necessarily flat The term "a single macroscopic plane" means that toilet paper lies mainly in a single plane, recognizing that these undulations in the topographies of the surface, exist in a micro scale. Therefore, toilet paper has two opposite sides. The term "cellulosic" means that the toilet paper comprises at least 50% cellulosic fibers. The cellulosic fibers may be either hardwood or softwood, and processed into the form of processed pulp, thermomechanical, milled, etc., which are all well known in the art, and are not part of the present invention. The term "fibrous" refers to elements that are similar to fibers, having a major axis with a dimension significantly larger than the other two orthogonal dimensions thereof. The term "sheet" refers to the macroscopic formation of a plane of cellulosic fibers, which is separated from the web, forming a single sheet, and which does not change in its base weight, unless the fibers are adhered to, or removed from said sheet It should be recognized that two or more sheets can be combined together, - having been manufactured, either one or both. according to the present invention.
The toilet paper of the present invention is air dried, and can be manufactured in accordance with any of the following commonly assigned patents, US Patent 4,191,609 issued March 4, 1980, issued to Trokhan; U.S. Patent 4,637,859 issued January 20, 1987, granted to Trokhan, or United States Patent,334,289 issued August 2, 1994, granted to Trokhan y Asociados, -all of which are incorporated herein by reference. According to the aforementioned patents, air drying produces a multiple density toilet paper. Air-dried multiple density toilet papers generally have a density less than the density of conventionally dried toilet papers, which are processed by a felt press and contain a single region with a density. In particular, a multiple density toilet paper made in accordance with the three aforementioned patents contains two regions, a region of high density and separate protuberances. The protuberances are of particularly low density, relative to the rest of the toilet paper. The high density regions may contain separate regions juxtaposed with the low density regions or may comprise essentially continuous network work. Preferably, though not necessarily, the toilet paper is made in layers according to US Patent 3, 994771 commonly assigned, granted to Morgan and Associates, which is incorporated herein by reference. The toilet paper according to the present invention has a smooth surface with a physiological smoothing of the (PSS) less than or equal to about 600 microns, preferably less than or equal to about 550 microns, and more preferably less than or equal to about 500 microns . The physiological smoothing of the surface is measured according to the procedure established in the International Paper Physics Conference 1991 (1991 International Paper Physics Conference) TAPPI,Book 1, more particularly the article entitled "Methods for the Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of Tissue Paper", by Ampulski and Associates, which is found on page 19. The specific procedure used, can be found on page 22 with the title "Phisiological Surface Smoothness". However, the PSS value obtained by the method described in this article is multiplied by 1,000, to calculate the conversion from thousandths to microns. This article is incorporated into the present description as a reference, with the purpose of showing how the measurements of the softness of the toilet paper prepared according to the present invention are carried out. The physiological smoothing of the surface is also described in the US Pat.4,959,125 commonly assigned, issued September 25, 1990, granted to Spendel and United States Patent 5,059,282 issued October 22, 1991, issued to A pulski y Asociados, which are incorporated herein by reference. For the measurement of smoothing, a sample of toilet paper is selected. The sample is selected to avoid wrinkles, tears, perforations, or gross deviations of a single macroscopic plane. The sample is conditioned at a temperature of 71 ° to 75 ° F, and from 48 to 52 percent relative humidity, for at least 2 hours. The sample is placed on a motorized board, and secured in its place by hand. . The only deviation from the aforementioned gold medallion is that sixteen strokes are used per sample (eight forward, eight backwards), instead of the twenty strokes specified in > the aforementioned article. Each stroke forward and backward is offset transversely by approximately 1 millimeter from the adjacent stroke forward and backward. The average of the sixteen strokes is calculated based on the same sample to obtain the smoothing value of said sample. For the smoothing measurement, any face of the toilet paper can be selected, making sure that all the strokes are taken from the same face. If one side of the toilet paper satisfies any smoothing criteria established in the present description, the complete toilet paper sample will be considered to be within that criterion. Preferably both sides of the toilet paper meet the above criteria. The hygienic paper according to the present invention preferably has a relatively low caliber. The gauge is measured according to the following procedure, without considering the micro-deviations of the bsolute plane inherent to the multiple density hygienic paper, manufactured in accordance with the aforementioned incorporated patents. Prior to gauge measurement, toilet paper is preconditioned at temperatures from 71 ° to 75 ° F, and from 48 to 52 percent relative humidity for two hours. If you are measuring the size of the toilet paper, remove it from the roll of 1 5 to 20 sheets first, and discard it. If the caliper of a facial tissue is being measured, the sample is taken from near the center of the package. The sample is selected and then conditioned for an additional 5 minutes.
The gauge is measured using a Thwing-Albert Model 89-1 1 low charge micrometer, marketed by the Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Philadelphia, Pen nsylvan ia. The micrometer charges the sample with a pressure of 95 grams per square inch, using a 2.0-inch diameter compression shoe, and a 2.5-inch diameter support sleeve. The micrometer has a measuring capacity in a range from 0 to 0.0400 pu lgadas. If possible, avoid decorated regions, perforations, and edge effects, etc. , of toilet paper. The size of the toilet paper according to the present invention is preferably less than or equal to about 8.0 mils, more preferably less than or equal to about 7.5 milliseconds, and still more preferably less than or equal to about 7.0 milliseconds. An expert in the field will understand that one thousandth is equivalent to 0.001 inches. The toilet paper according to the present invention preferably has a basis weight of from about 7 to about 35 pounds per 3,000 square feet. The basic weight is measured according to the following procedure. The toilet paper sample is selected as described above, and conditioned at a temperature of 71 ° to 75 ° F and, from 48 to 52 percent relative humidity, for a minimum of two hours. A stack of six sheets of toilet paper is placed on top of a cutting mold. The mold is square, has dimensions of 3.5 inches by 3.5 inches, and may have a soft polyurethane rubber from the center of the square to remove the sample from the mold after cutting easily. The six samples are cut using the mold, and a pressure plate cutter, such as a Twing-Albert Alpha Hydraulic Pressure Sample Cutter, Model 240-10. A second stack of six samples is also cut in the same way. The two stacks of six samples are then combined into a stack of twelve layers, which is conditioned for at least 15 additional minutes at a temperature of 71 ° to 75 ° F, and 48 to 52 percent humidity. The twelve-layer sample is then weighed on a calibrated analytical scale, which has a resolution of at least 0.0001 grams. The scale is kept in the same room in which the samples were conditioned. A suitable scale is manufactured bySartorius Instrument Company, Model A200S. The base weight, in units of pounds per 3,000 square feet, is calculated according to the following equation:Weight of samples of twelve layers (grams) x 3000 (453.6 gms./libra) x (12 layers) x (12.25 square inches, per layer / 144 inches, square / square feet)The weight of 'base in units of pounds per 3,000 square feet for these 12 samples of layers, is calculated more simply, using the following conversion equation:Base Weight (Ib / 3, 000 ft2) = Weight of a 12-ply pad) x 6.48 The density units used in the present description are grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc). It may be convenient that with these density units of g / cc, the base weight is also expressed in units of grams per square centimeter. The following equation can be used to make this conversion: Weight of the pads of 12 layers (g) basis weight (g / cm2) = 948.4 The toilet paper according to the present invention preferably has a relatively high density. The density of the toilet paper is calculated by dividing its base weight by its size. In this way, the density is measured in a macro scale, considering the sample of toilet paper in its entirety, and without considering the different densities between the individual regions of the paper. The toilet paper according to the present invention preferably has a density of at least about 0.130 grams per cubic centimeter, preferably at least about 0.140 grams per square centimeter, more preferably at least 0.150 grams per cubic centimeter. approximately, and even more preferably, at least 0.160 grams per cubic centimeter approximately. The toilet paper according to the present invention preferably has micropics that occur in the machine direction. A plurality of these micropics have a micropic height of at least about 0.05 millimeters, preferably at least about 0.10 millimeters, and more preferably at least about 0.12 millimeters. The height of the micropicc * is illustrated in Figure 1, as the width of the hygienic papet, taken normal to the plane of the toilet paper base. The adjustment of the micropic is measured as the distance from the base plane of the toilet paper to the top of the micropic of the toilet paper. The measurements are taken from igitalized images, as described in the present description. The height of the micropic, is taken as the meaning of the measurements of the height of 12 micropic per sample. The micropic width is orthogonal to the micropic height and represents the lateral extension of the micropic in the direction of the machine, as illustrated in Figure 1. The micropic width is measured in an elevation of the coinciding half of the micropic height, as the distance of the machine direction, from the left lateral end of the micropic, to the right lateral end of said micropic. The measurements are carried out from digitized images, as described in the present description. The width of the micropic, is taken as the meaning of the width measurements of 15 micropic per sample. The toilet paper according to the present invention preferably has a micropic frequency of from about 30 to about 60 micropic per inch. The micropic frequency is measured by digitized images. A digitized cross-sectional image of the toilet paper is provided, from about 40x. Normally, the image covers from about 2.0 to 2.8 millimeters of the toilet paper in the machine direction. A line is drawn on the digital image coinciding with the half-elevation of the left lateral end of the left winged micropic of the image. The line is extended horizontally, to the right until * >;? same point in the peak on the right in the image. The ongitude of this line is measured, using. an image analysis program, and the amount of full peaks that. occur in this line is counted. The micropic count per millimeter is obtained by dividing the whole number of icropics by the length of the digital region. This procedure is repeated, until five different regions of the toilet paper of the sample are measured in this way. The value of one micropic per millimeter is obtained for each of the regions and the five values are averaged. The value is converted to micropycs per inch by multiplying by 25.4. This micropic value per inch is the frequency of the micropic for that sample. If the average of the five divisions has the frequency of the micropic specified, it is considered that the toilet paper in its entirety, meets the frequency of the micropic specified. The height of the micropic, the width of the micropic, and the frequency of the micropic, are an artifact of the processes of crepitation and air drying, instead of being caused, or due to any process of embossing. The height of the micropic, the width of the micropic, and the frequency of the micropic, are measured according to the following procedure. The sample to be measured is stapled to a rigid structure, which measures approximately 1.25 inches x 2.125 inches at the end, and has an outer center cut that measures 0.75 inches by 1.5 < Á inches, The structure can be made with a common manila folder, as marketed by Smead Corp. Hasting, Minnesota. The sample and the structure are encrusted in resin. It has been found that polymeric resin MEH 100, marketed by Hercules Company of Wilmington,Delaware, it works well. After the resin is cured, the sample is cut in cross section, using a microtome with sliding blade, such that the machine direction is appreciated, as illustrated in Figure 1. Care must be taken that the microtome crosses the maximum and wide height of the micropic, to be studied. It has been found that a model 860 m icrotome, marketed by American OpticalCompany of Buffalo, New York, works well. Samples of toilet paper cut in cross section are subsequently observed on a Nikon stereomicroscope, and digitized using a JVC TK-885U CCD camera, or similar, marketed by JVC Professional Products of Elnwood Park, New Jersey, and a Capture Structure of Fast Translation Data with a Fastener Board. , manufactured by Data Translation, Inc., of Marlboro, Massachusetts. The measurements are then carried out, as described above, using the program of Optimal Image Analysis, which is available in Bioscan, I nc. of Edmunds, Washington, and a sliding micrometer with increments of 0.01 millimeters. As illustrated in Figure 2, the sanitary napkin cracked according to the prior art shows a pattern of micturics discernible to the naked eye. This sample has approximately 20% crepitus. As shown in Figure 3, the hygienic paper according to the present invention still retains the menstrual micropics, as described previously. If we are limited by theory, we believe that this topography contributes to the softness of toilet paper in accordance with the present invention. This hygienic paper is described further in Example 3, which is presented below.
As illustrated in Figure 4, competitive air-dried toilet paper, when it is satinated, may have a topography that is virtually not discernible to the naked eye. The process for making a toilet paper in accordance with the present invention, comprises the following steps. First there is provided an aqueous dispersion of fibers for the manufacture of the paper and a foraminous forming surface, such as a Fourdrinier band. The embryonic coil is placed in contact with the Fourdrinier band to form an embryonic coil of papermaking fibers in the band. An air drying band is also provided, as described above. The Fourdrinier band and the embryonic coil are then transferred to the air drying band. During the transfer, a differential pressure is applied through the air dryer band. The differential pressure, bypasses the regions of the toilet paper in the band. These deviated regions are the low density regions described above, and are believed to be apparently critical to fudge the toilet paper of the present invention - despite the fact that said low density regions are glazed to a higher density later. A heat contact drying surface, such as a Yankee drying drum, is also provided. The cellulosic fiber coil is then contacted with the Yankee drying drum, and preferably, printed against it. The additional printing increases the local difference in density between the high and low density regions of the toilet paper. As indicated below, the toilet paper is then dried to the desired humidity level in the Yankee drying drum. Generally, the proper humidity level can be from about 0 3 to 0.4 percent higher than the humidity levels used for conventional glazing operations. It is toilet paper is foreshortened and removed from the Yankee drying drum, using a scalpel, as is well known in the art, and described in US Pat. No. 4, 919,756 commonly assigned, issued April 24, 1990, granted to Sawdaí, This patent is incorporated herein by reference. It is recognized that the angle of the scalpel can be adjusted, relative to the Yankee drying drum, and that such adjustments can affect the micropic height and / or the micropic frequency of the toilet paper. After being dried, the toilet paper is satin at an average moisture level, between about 1.9 and 10.0 percent, preferably between about 1.9 and 3.5 percent, and more preferably between about 2.5 and 3.0 percent. The r, relatively higher humidity levels, produce a greater densification, in the pressures of the caliber generally lower. However, as humidity levels increase, the moisture profiles of the papermaking machine are generally exaggerated. Additionally, as moisture levels increase, the sheet becomes stiffer, and therefore has less softness, possibly due to hydrogen bonding, from the transfer of the adhesive from the drying drum.
Yankee, etc. Increases in density from 50 to 100 percent are normal according to the glazing operation of the present invention. It will be understood, that the satin operation increases the density of the paper > hygienic in its entirety, and may or may not provide a uniform percentage in the density increases of all regions of the toilet paper with multiple density. The satin, is made using two rollers in juxtaposed form, to form a contraction of the reef between the rollers. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the satin can be realized, using more than two rolls, said rolls being distributed in pairs to form multiple reef contractions. Additionally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the same roller can be used in more than one pair. The rollers can be arranged axially parallel. However, in order to accommodate the desirable pressures of the satin according to the present invention, one of the rollers may be crowned. The axis of the other roller may be inclined, so as to coincide with the crown of the first roller. Alternatively, the axes of the rollers may be slightly oblique. Either or both of the two rollers, which form the shrinkage of the reef, may be made of steel, coated rubber, coated material, coated paper, etc. Either or both of the rolls, can be maintained at an optimum temperature for the existence of the roll, for example, to prevent overheating of the roll, or at a temperature at which the substrate is heated. One roller can be driven externally, the other one can be driven by means of the friction of the first roller, since the sliding is minimized. The pairs of rolls are loaded together, with a shrinkage contraction pressure, of from about 200 to about 2,000 psi, and preferably with a shrinkage contraction pressure of from about 400 to about 800 psi. This loading produces a linear pressure of the shrinkage of the reef from 30 to 40Q pli, and more preferably from approximately 40 to 100 pli. An expert in the art will recognize that the width of the shrinkage of the reef can be obtained by dividing the linear pressure of the contraction of the reef in pli between the pressure of the contraction of the reef in psi (pli / psi). It is recognized, that the satin of the toilet paper according to the present invention, can produce in the same way, an increase in the opaqueness. With the present invention, increases in opacity of about 20% are possible. The merits of, and techniques for the manufacture of the present invention, are illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. Each of the samples shown below represents a single layer of air-dried toilet paper. The softness measurements (in PSU), were taken using a Carmín brand toilet paper, which is normally sold by The Procter & Gamble Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, as standard toilet paper.
EXAMPLES Example 1 Dual sheet Kleenex bath tissue paper, manufactured by Kimberley-Clark Corporation of Dallas, Texas, was used for Example 1. The double sheet Kleenex toilet paper of Example 1, was obtained in the form that is acquired in the market, and had a caliber of 9.8 thousandths, and a density of 0. 1 16 grams per cubic centimeter, the toilet paper was satin in a shrinkage of the steel-to-steel reef, at a pressure of 614 psi, and a linear pressure of 38 pli. The year! resulting hygienic, had a smoothing in the Yankee dryer of 584 microns on one side, and a smoothing of 614 micras on the opposite side. The density was 0.197 grams per cubic centimeter. Even though the double sheet Kleenex toilet paper had an improved stability, as illustrated in FIG. 4, it lacks the preferred height and frequency of the myopic, according to the present invention.
Example 2 A one-layer, air-dried toilet paper in accordance with the present invention was prepared on one line of the pilot plant.
This toilet paper was dried over a stretch of five grids, an Atlas woven material according to commonly assigned United States Patent No. 4,239,065, issued to Trokhan. The material had a warp count of 59 fibers per inch, and a weft count of 44 fibers per inch. The toilet paper was dried to a moisture content of approximately 2 percent in the Yankee drying drum, then immediately satinated in a shrinkage of the steel to steel rubber at a pressure of approximately 95 psi and a linear pressure of shrinkage of approximately 95 pli. The toilet paper was subsequently satinated in a shrinkage of the steel-to-steel seam at a pressure of approximately 600 psi, and at a linear pressure of the seam contraction of approximately 32 pli. The toilet paper of Example 2 had a caliber of6. 6 thousandths, and a density of 0. 164 grams per cubic centimeter. The resulting toilet paper had a lateral smoothing on the Yankee dryer of one face of 584 microns, a smoothing of 696 microns on the opposite side, and a smoothness of 0.5 PS U Example 3 It was made in a line of the pilot plant, an air-dried single-ply toilet paper in accordance with the present invention, this toilet paper was dried on a five-rack length, an Atlas woven material according to commonly assigned US Patent No. 4,239,065, granted to Trokhan. The material had a warp count of 59 fibers per inch, and a weft count of 44 fibers per inch. The toilet paper was dried to a moisture content of approximately 2.1% in the Yankee drying drum, then immediately satinated in a shrinkage of the rubber-to-steel seam at a pressure of approximately 2,000 psi and a linear pressure of the shrinkage of the reef of approximately 31 0 pli, The toilet paper of Example 3, had a caliber of 5.8 thousandths, and a density of 0. 159 grams per cubic centimeter. The resulting toilet paper had a side smoothing on the Yankee one-sided dryer of 534 microns, a smoothing of 490 micras on the opposite side, and a smoothness of 0.5 PSU. The hygienic paper had a micropic height of 0.14 millimeters and a micropic frequency of 52 micropytes per inch.
Example 4 A one-layer, air-dried toilet paper in accordance with the present invention was prepared in a line from the pilot plant. >This toilet paper was dried over a stretch of five grids, an Atlas woven material according to commonly assigned US Patent No. 4,239,065, issued to Trokhan. The material had a warp count of 59 fibers per inch, and a weft count of 44 fibers per inch. The toilet paper was dried to a moisture content of approximately 2.1 percent in the Yankee drying drum, then immediately satinated in a shrinkage of the rubber-steel seam at a pressure of approximately 10 psi and a linear pressure of shrinkage of the reef of approximately 25 pli. The toilet paper was subsequently conditioned in a high relative humidity environment until its moisture level increased to 11%. The toilet paper was satinated satin subsequently in a shrinkage of the steel-to-rubber reef at a pressure of approximately 2,000 psi, and at a linear pressure of the retraction of the reef of approximately 310 pli. The toilet paper of Example 4 had a caliber of 5.5 mils, and a density of 0.171 grams per cubic centimeter. The resulting toilet paper had a lateral airing in the Yankee dryer on one side of 436 microns, a smoothing of 443 microns on the opposite side, and a smoothness of 0.5 PSU. The toilet paper had a micropic height of 0.12 mm and a micropic frequency of 45 micropic ones per inch.
The results of Examples 1 to 4 are illustrated in Table 1. For more information, Table 1 also provides the basis for weight, density, caliber, and peak frequency of each of the samples.
ALISAMI ENTO LATERAL SIDE WEIGHT / OPPOSITE BASE E, Ñ (POUNDS EXAMPLE SOFTNESS DRYER BY CALIBER DENSITY NUMBER (PSU) YANKEE 3,000 PI ES (MILS) GRAMS (MICRAS) SQUARE) BY CC)1 NA 584/614 16.9 5.5 0.1972 0.5 584/969 16.9 6.6 0.1643 0.2 534/490 14.4 5.8 0.1594 0.2 436/443 14.7 5.5 0.171Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aforementioned parameters can be optimized, as necessary. For example, it may be feasible to have a less smoothing toilet paper, providing an appropriate density. In particular, a toilet paper with a smoothing less than or equal to about 550 microns, and having a density of at least about 0.140 grams per cubic centimeter, may be feasible. Preferably both sides of said toilet paper have a smoothing less than or equal to about 550 microns, although if both sides meet this criterion, the toilet paper is manufactured in accordance with the present invention. The density of said toilet paper can be increased preferably up to 0.150 or up to 0.160 grams per cubic centimeter. The smoothness of one side of the toilet paper may be less than or equal to about 550 microns, the smoothness of the other side may be less than or equal to about 500 microns. More preferably, the smoothness of both sides of the toilet paper may be less than or equal to about 550 microns, and even more preferably less than or equal to about 500 microns. All these variations are within the scope of the appended claims.