ANGIOLOGICAL BOOT WITH PLANTAR PNEUMATIC CHAMBER FOR THE GENERATION OF PRESSURE IMPULSESA N T E C E N T E S Technical SectorThe blood of the lower extremities returns to the heart through a system of deep veins (intramuscular) and another of superficial veins (subcutaneous), interconnected between them by perforating veins (perforate the fascination of the leg). These two systems have unidirectional valves that direct blood flow to the heart, which, when closed, prevent blood from flowing back into the veins of the calf; likewise, communicating or perforating veins have valves that direct blood from the superficial venous system to the deep system. In this way, the blood circulating in the veins of the lower limb returns to the heart, driven mainly by the force of the patient's weight when it treads, that is, the blood that comes from the sole of the foot passes into the veins of the calf with the impulse of the patient's footprint, there the blood receives a second impulse and is sent towards the veins of the thigh, finally the contracture of the thigh drives the blood towards the abdomen. With this, the force of the blood opens the valves of the aforementioned veins, which allows it to flow towards the heart, and with the same force and weight, the blood closes the valves that, as said, are unidirectional, avoiding so blood reflux occurs. In healthy patients, venous blood normally returns from the pre-fused parts of the organism to the heart, by the "venous pump" system that involves numerous factors: the venous tone itself, the presence of efficient venous valves, the pumping through the sole venous plantar foot, contraction of the calf muscles, the propulsive force of the systolic ejection, the suction force of the right atrium, diaphragmatic movements and the proximity of arterial pulsations; all these joined mechanisms form the return venous pump.
Prior art For the treatment of venous insufficiency such as venous a or lymphatic a, the most common is to combine compressive systems with different therapeutic methods such as manual lymphatic drainage, which is a combination of drainage maneuvers away from the a and collection areas, which increase the extrinsic tissue pressure in the affected area; As for the compression systems, there is the application of compressive energy to the leg and foot provided by elastic stockings or elastic bandages, bandages or the plaster boot, whose objective of this method is twofold: to reduce the undesirable reflux in the superficial veins and protect veins from excessive distension, this treatment is the most common to relieve venous insufficiency, such as a, varicose veins and varicose ulcers, however, which have the following disadvantages:Now, specifically in the aforementioned compressive systems, none of the known devices for the treatment of venous insufficiency determines or quantifies the value of the pressure that the patient receives at the moment of its application; likewise, as the elastic fiber loses strength, the pressure it provides is lower than that initially administered, consequently there is a loss of therapeutic effect, that is, loss of the initial compression energy, and there is a need to use a second or more garments. of compression as required.
Technical problem and solutionThe blood of the patient who is standing or walking, with the impulse of the muscular contraction flows towards the heart, to this natural system of the organism is called "venous pump", however, by the force of gravity, said blood it tends to reflux, which is naturally avoided if the valves of the veins are permanently closed.Well, if these vein valves do not close well, the blood reflux that stagnates in the veins of the legs occurs., causing what is considered poor circulation or venous insufficiency. The stagnation produces venous hypertension forming edema due to venous insufficiency, the veins of the legs are dilated and varicose, they transmute plasma and blood, the tissues become inflamed, cause fatigue and finally venous ulceration. Also, as already mentioned, the increase in venous pressure causes a venous edema, which can be compensated by the lymphatic system, however, once the capillary ultrafiltrate exceeds the maximum capacity of this "safety system", it will be observed a lymphatic insufficiency, this is characterized by an inability of the lymphatic system to drain proteins and excess lymph, which produces lymphatic edema.
From the above, considering that for the optimal functioning of the natural system of "venous pumping" that the organism counts on, one of the main factors is the pumping of the plantar venous sole of the foot and the contraction of the calf muscles, this has led to the development of the present invention, which consists of an angiological boot, in whose design it has a system for generating pressure energy pulses by means of a pneumatic chamber provided in the plantar area of the boot, with the object to produce precisely pressure force (air) to be directed to the area of the ankle and calf as compression energy. To achieve the above, it is necessary to take "The Locomotion" as a source of energy and take advantage of it in the treatment of angiological diseases, that is, considering that the primary objective of human locomotion is the translation of the body from one point to another by bipedal gait and that these locomotions is a dynamic execution in which certain movements of regular succession occur, it is possible to take advantage of the application of this sequence of movements in regular succession, which can be of an extremity from the distal to the proximal point or vice versa, this, since the typical forward march can be divided into two basic positions, position phase and roll phase, in the position phase the foot is in contact with the floor and carries the entire weight of the body, and starts when the heel touches the floor and ends when the thick toe of the foot rises at the end of the step; the position phase can be subdivided in turn into three beats: heel shock, middle position and impulse, these three times of the position phase originate the pressure energy impulses (air) that will be directed to the compression chambers that foresees This invention, which is described below, also, in the swing phase, which is when the foot does not touch the floor and the weight of the body is loaded by the opposite extremity, compression is released in the chambers described below; This phase begins when the thick toe of the foot leaves the floor and ends when the swing of the leg is suspended in the forward movement.
Advantages of the inventionThe present invention is capable of generating pressure energy by means of a plantar pneumatic chamber to generate air pulses and provide sufficient compression energy to improve the operation of "venous pumping" and facilitate the blood return to the heart, as well as to determine that said pressure and compression can be quantified and graded according to the degree of the patient's injury, and can be provided in a constant way by the adjuncts that compose it.
D E S C R I P C I O NThis invention presents the realization of an angiological boot, which has a system for generating pressure energy (air) by means of a pneumatic chamber provided in its plantar area and a compression energy system for the ankle area and calf in the lower extremity of the patient suffering from venous or arterial lymphatic insufficiency, this compression can be quantified and graded according to the degree of injury.
The novel features that make up the present invention, is clearly described with the following description, accompanying the following illustrations that show the parts that make up the angiological boot, which are:FIGURE 1.- It is a front view of the inner part of the angiological boot fully opened in its one-piece design with cross-clamping extensions, where the compression chambers that have contact with the patient's leg are appreciated. , as well as the air supply valves connected to the pneumatic chamber provided in the plantar area of the boot. FIGURE 2.- It is a front view in relation to figure 1, where it is shown how the angiological boot is placed on the leg using its support extensions, as well as, graduating and quantifying the compression force by means of a dynamometer.
FIGURE 3.- It is a front view in relation to figure 1, where it is shown how the angiological boot is closed by compressing the patient's leg.
FIGURE 4.- It is a side view in relation to the previous figure, showing how the angiological boot is closed by compressing the leg and foot of the patient.
FIGURE 5.- It is a front view of the inner part of the angiological boot completely open in its design mode with adjustable semi-rigid bands, where the compression chambers that have contact with the patient's leg are appreciated, as well as the valves of air supply connected to the pneumatic chamber provided in the plantar area of the boot.
FIGURE 6.- It is a front view in relation to figure 5, where it is shown how the angiological boot is placed passing the adjustable semi-rigid bands by the anchoring hooks, as well as, graduating and quantifying the compression force by means of a dynamometer.
FIGURE 7.- It is a front view in relation to figure 5, where it is shown how the boot is closed by compressing the patient's leg using the anchoring hooks.
FIGURE 8.- It is a side view in relation to the previous figure, where it shows how closed the angiological boot compressing the leg and foot of the patient.
The present invention consists of an angiological boot (see figures 1 and 5) whose main functions are first, the generation of pressure pulses by means of a pneumatic chamber (1) provided in its plantar area taking advantage of "human locomotion" or walk as an energy source, and secondly, directing said pressure impulses towards the compression chambers (2 and 3) provided on the inside of the boot that has contact with the patient's leg, exerting precisely compressive energy in the ankle and calf area; The angiological boot has two design modalities, one consisting of its one-piece design with cross-clamping extensions (4) (see figures 1, 2, 3 4), and the other modality consists of its design of adjustable semi-rigid bands ( 5) (see figures 5, 6, 7 and 8); in both modalities, the angiological boot is formed of a pneumatic chamber provided in the plantar area (1), which is divided into two sections or sub-chambers (see figures 1 and 5) located: one in the back area or the heel ( 6), which is attached to the lower compression chamber (2) by means of opening forming a single unit, and the other in the forward or metatarsal area (7) of the foot floor which in turn is attached to the upper compression chambers (3) by means of opening also forming a single unit, in this way, the plantar pneumatic chamber (1) is connected to the compression chambers (2 and 3) provided on the inside of the boot and having contact with the leg, with this system, the pressure impulses generated in the section or sub-chamber located in the heel (6) are directed to the lower compression chamber (2) performing said compression force on the ankle, and the pressure impulses generated in the section no sub-chamber of the metatarsus (7) are directed to the upper compression chambers (3) making said compression force on the calf, in this way, the compression energy exerted on the patient's limb is distal to proximal to the heart, that is, from below (area of the ankle) upwards (area of the calf) helping the system of "venous pumping" with which the human organism counts; likewise, for the supply of air to the sections or sub-chambers (6 and 7) of the pneumatic plantar chamber (1), the angiological boot has two air supply valves (8), one for each section or sub-chamber (6 angiological boot in its one-piece design modality (see figure 1), made with non-elastic material so that it does not lose compression force, it has extensions of support (4), which are closed crosswise on the patient's leg (see figure 2) covering the entire area of the ankle and the calf (see figure 3 and 4), thus exerting the initial compression on it.This compression can be graded and quantified by means of a dynamometer (9). ) (see figure 2), depending on the severity required by venous insufficiency.
As for the design modality of adjustable semi-rigid bands (5) of the angiological boot (see figure 5), it consists in the integration of a series of individual bands (5) of non-elastic material so that they do not lose compression force, with a length according to the perimeter of the leg (see figure 6), which are joined in a line of common origin by means of anchoring rectangles (10) arranged in series, whose center is divided into two slits (a and b), in the smallest slit (a) the adjustable band (5) is born, it passes through the integration bands (1 1), hugging the extremity and then, go through the major slot (b) of the anchor rectangle thus closing the circle joining said band itself through the sailboat (see figure 7 and 8), the integration bands (11) are movable and can be in a variable number of 3 or 4 according to the thickness of the leg; they are distinguished in a vertical position, placed around the perimeter of the leg according to the site to be compressed, with the aim of integrating all the adjustable bands (5) in a single unit, as well as integrating the efforts made in the adjustable bands (5) and individualize them at the same time.
For a better understanding of the application of the angiological boot, in the case of its one-piece modality (see figure 2), once the boot is placed on the foot and the leg, the extension extensions (4) are passed in Crossed by the contour of the ankle and calf, in this way, the boot fits around the perimeter of the external area of the extremity (see figure 3 and 4) making the compression force required according to the degree of suffering, this compression can to be graduated and quantified by means of a dynamometer (9) (see figure 2) at the time of adjusting the extensions on the patient's leg.
In the case of its mode of design of adjustable semi-rigid bands (5) of the angiological boot (see figure 5), its application is that, once placed on the foot and leg, the adjustable bands (5) are placed to the contour of the extremity passing the tips through the major slits (b) of the anchor rectangles (10), pulled by means of a dynamometer (9) hooked in a hole provided in the tip of all the bands (see figure 6) ), crossing and adjusting to the perimeter of the leg until reaching the required limit and thus generate the desired and graduated compression force (see figure 7 and 8), then mark the contact site with the rectangle of origin in the bands, this mechanics is repeated in all the adjustable bands (5) and can be started from the next adjustable band! up to the adjustable distal or vicerverse band, this with the aim of completing the compression force in the entire outer area of the leg.
In both modalities of design of the angiological boot, the compression in the retromalleolar space is perfectly achieved, that is, in the internal and external channels of the achilles tendon and the internal and external malleoli respectively, allowing the boot to be able to compress any point on the perimeter of the ankle, and the entire leg itself, in this way, the patient is instructed and required that each time you use the boot, you must generate only the effort required to adjust either the extensions of adjustment or semi-rigid adjustable bands according to the design of the boot, in the brand previously graduated and quantified.
Once the angiological boot has been adjusted on the patient's leg, whatever its design modality (see figures 1 and 5), we proceed to the generation of graduated and quantified pressure impulses, which are originated by the pneumatic chamber ( 1) provided in the plantar area of the boot (see figures 1, 2, 5 and 6), for this, air is previously supplied through the feeder valves (8), concentrating on the two sub-chambers or sections (6 and 7). ) of the plantar pneumatic chamber (1), the patient when making the walk, the first contact with the floor is done with the section that covers the back or heel (6) of the foot, which, upon receiving the contact generates the first impulse of pressure that directs to the lower compression chamber (2) that covers the ankle area, also, with the continuity of the patient's passage, the section that covers the front or metatarsal part of the foot (7) upon receiving the ground contact generates the second pressure impulse itself that directs the upper compression chambers (3) that covers the calf area since these provide for opening between them, thus, the angiological boot self-generates pressure impulses in a continuous and constant use as a source of energy "Locomotion" or walk, in order to direct said pressure impulses generating constant compression energy, graduated and quantified in the patient's extremity, whose duration depends on the duration of the tread, m agnitud of the weight of the patient and the volume of air contained in the pneumatic chamber (1).
The pressure impulses generated by the pneumatic chamber (1) can be directed to the different extremities of the patient's body to generate compression force therein; said impulses of pressure and compression force can be of the following forms and methods according to the extremity or extremities where the compression is canalized, which are:IPSILATERAL COMPRESSION.- It is generated when the angiological boot is placed on the same limb suffering from venous insufficiency.
SIMULTANEOUS COMPRESSION TO BOTH EXTREMITIES.- It is when two angiological boots are used in both lower extremities or legs;, but with the characteristics that, the pneumatic plantar chambers (1) are cross connected to the compression chambers (2 and 3). ) of the boot.
ASSISTED COMPRESSION.- It is generated when an angiological boot is placed in a relative and the pneumatic plantar chamber (1) is connected to another boot placed on the patient's leg when it is at rest or unable to walk, in this way, the familiar generates the pressure impulses directing them to the boot placed on the patient's leg and thus generate the compression energy in it.
DISTANT COMPRESSION.- It is when the angiological boot is used in an upper extremity or arm of the patient, connected to one or two boots placed in the same person, in this way the or the boots generate the pressure impulses to be directed to the cameras of compression (2 and 3) that have contact with the arm.
Also, based on the technical characteristics contained in the angiological boot, when it is not necessary or when it is not required to treat venous insufficiency that is in use the pneumatic chamber (1), this invention can be used as a compression garment, but with the advantages and novelties already mentioned, being that the compression can be graduated and quantified according to medical indication.