【発明の詳細な説明】〔産業上の利用分野〕この発明は、例えば焼結金属の２次加工であるＨＩＰ工
程（Ｈｏｔ ｌ５ｏａｔａｔｉｅ Ｐｒ６ｓｓｕｒ６
Ｓｙｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ ：熱間静水圧プレス焼結）の前工
程にショツトブラストを施工して波加工物の表面な封孔
処理する方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to the HIP process (Hot l5oatatie Pr6ssur6), which is secondary processing of sintered metal, for example.
This invention relates to a method for sealing the surface of a corrugated product by performing shot blasting as a pre-process of sintering (hot isostatic press sintering).
従来の焼結金属製部品の製作工程は、第１工程において
金属粉末に他の添加物を混合してプリフォーム（事前成
型）し、第２工程はＨＩＰ処理を行っていた。In the conventional manufacturing process of sintered metal parts, in the first step, metal powder is mixed with other additives and preformed (preformed), and in the second step, HIP treatment is performed.
第３図は従来の焼結金属の成形工程を示す工程図である
。図において、１は主原料となる金属粉。FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing a conventional sintered metal forming process. In the figure, 1 is metal powder which is the main raw material.
２は金属粉１を液相焼結させるための合金元素扮、６は
鍛造時の潤滑のために混入するグラファイト粉、４はス
テアリン酸亜鉛１％溶液（Ｚｎ （Ｃ，、ＨヨＣ００）
ｔ＋ベンゼン）などで離型剤として使用する潤滑剤、５
は上記金属粉、合金元素扮、グラファイト扮及び潤ｉ剤
１〜４を混合して成形前の粉末原料６をつくる混合工程
、７は粉末原料６を成形する加圧成形工程、８は加圧成
形工程７によって形成された部品を再び焼結する再焼結
工程、９はこの再焼結工程８を経たものを不活性ガス（
Ｎ、。2 is an alloying element for liquid-phase sintering of metal powder 1, 6 is a graphite powder mixed in for lubrication during forging, and 4 is a 1% zinc stearate solution (Zn (C,,HyoC00)
Lubricants used as mold release agents such as t + benzene), 5
7 is a mixing step in which the metal powder, alloying element, graphite, and lubricants 1 to 4 are mixed to form a powder raw material 6 before molding; 7 is a pressure molding step in which the powder raw material 6 is molded; 8 is a pressure molding step; A re-sintering step in which the parts formed in the molding step 7 are sintered again;
N.
Ａｒすど）の中で高圧高温処理して完成品をつくるＨＩ
Ｐ処理工程、９ａは加圧成形工程７のあと再焼結工程８
を省略して完成品にするための焼結ＨＩＰ処理工程（５
ｉｎｔ６ｒ ＨＩＰ Ｐｒｏｓｓｅｓｓ ）であって、
工程順序を矢印によって示した。HI produces finished products through high-pressure and high-temperature treatment in Ar sudo)
P treatment process, 9a is a resintering process 8 after the pressure forming process 7
The sintering HIP process (5
int6r HIP Process),
The process sequence is indicated by arrows.
上記のような従来の粉末原料６の加圧成形工程７によれ
ば、製品の有する気孔率は１０％で、空隙は焼結体の内
深部まで連らなっている連続気孔体である。このような
粉末焼結体にＨＮ、 Ｐ処理を施し、焼結体の空隙を押
つぶそうとするためには、ＨＩＰ処理工程９，９ａにお
いて処理媒体の不活性ガスなどが気孔に侵入しないよう
にする対策が必要になっている、この対策として（イ）カプセルの中に加圧成形品を挿入
して、このカプセルごとに再度焼結成形する方法と、（
ロ）呻結体の内部に存在する気孔を独立気孔にするカプ
セルレスの方法とがある。According to the conventional pressure forming step 7 of the powder raw material 6 as described above, the product has a porosity of 10% and is a continuous pore body with voids extending deep into the sintered body. In order to apply HN and P treatment to such a powder sintered body and crush the voids in the sintered body, it is necessary to prevent inert gas, etc. from the treatment medium from entering the pores in the HIP treatment steps 9 and 9a. There is a need for countermeasures for this, including (a) a method of inserting a pressure-molded product into the capsule and re-sintering each capsule;
(b) There is a capsule-less method in which the pores existing inside the body are made into independent pores.
（イ）のカプセルを用いる場合は、メタルカプセルとガ
ラスカプセルの２種類がある。メタルカプセルの場合は
、焼結体の形状に合ったカプセル（一般に軟鋼！Ｊりを
焼結体毎に製作する必要があるため、コスト高で生産性
が低い。また、複雑形状品に対するカプセルの製作は困
難である。ガラスカプセルの場合は、形状的制約はない
が、ガラスと金属との反応層が生成しこの除去加工が必
要であるから、やはり生産性、コストの両面で問題が残
っている。When using capsules in (a), there are two types: metal capsules and glass capsules. In the case of metal capsules, it is necessary to manufacture capsules (generally made from mild steel) for each sintered body to match the shape of the sintered body, resulting in high costs and low productivity. Manufacturing is difficult.In the case of glass capsules, there are no shape restrictions, but a reaction layer between glass and metal is generated and this must be removed, so problems remain in terms of both productivity and cost. There is.
（ロ）のカプセルレスの場合は、形状的制約がなく。In the case of (b) capsule-less, there are no shape restrictions.
カプセｌ−製作Ｑ１手間が小心ｍ ｒ（ため、低コスト
。Capsule L - Production Q1 is time consuming and timid (so low cost.
高生産性に結びつき、理想的である。It is ideal as it leads to high productivity.
しかしながら、閉気孔を形成した焼結体の）・ＨＩＰ処
理が可能であるため、高密度化により多岐管状の空隙（
開気孔）を分断させることが必要となる。非常に長時間
、高嵩Ｘ空下で焼結する場合は別として、焼結時間が数
時間程度の工業生産的レベルでは、閉気孔を形成する金
属粉、成分系の種類がごく限られたものとなり、この適
用範囲の狭さが問題である。However, since it is possible to perform HIP treatment on a sintered body with closed pores, it is possible to increase the density of the sintered body with manifold-shaped voids (
It is necessary to divide the open pores). Except for cases where sintering is performed under a high-volume atmosphere for a very long time, at an industrial production level where the sintering time is only a few hours, the types of metal powders and component systems that form closed pores are extremely limited. This narrow scope of application is a problem.
上記の対策として、焼結原料の中に低融点金属粉を結合
剤として混入し、この金属粉の先行する溶解によって焼
結する液相焼結法の利用や、焼結性を向上させるために
ＨＣｔガス等の強還元性ガスを焼結雰囲気に混入する活
性雰囲気法及び粉体の改質（超微細粉の採用などンによ
って気孔率を低下させる方法などが提案されている。As a countermeasure to the above, the use of a liquid phase sintering method in which low melting point metal powder is mixed into the sintering raw material as a binder and sintered by the prior melting of this metal powder, and the use of a liquid phase sintering method to improve sinterability. An active atmosphere method in which a strong reducing gas such as HCt gas is mixed into the sintering atmosphere, and a method in which the porosity is lowered by modifying the powder (such as by using ultra-fine powder) have been proposed.
しかしながら、液相焼結法は成分系が限定されるうえ、
寸法精度が落ちる等の問題がある。However, the liquid phase sintering method is limited in its composition system, and
There are problems such as reduced dimensional accuracy.
又活性雰囲気法は、ガスの発生、混合供給装置、有害ガ
ス対策等の設備投資が必要であるう更に金＠扮の改質は
研究が進められているが、良′ｒ！を扮は非常に高価で
、扮のハンドリングが難しく、新たに設備投資が必要と
なる場合もある等問題が多い。In addition, the active atmosphere method requires investment in equipment such as gas generation, mixing supply equipment, and measures against harmful gases.Furthermore, research is underway on reforming gold, but it is not a good idea! Costumes are very expensive, handling them is difficult, and there are many problems such as requiring investment in new equipment.
上記のように従来のカプセルを使ってＨＩＰ処理する方
法ＶＣオＪいては、原価が高（なること、複雑形状製品
にはカプセルの製作が困ａなこと、又ガラスカプセル使
用の場合はガラスと金属との反応層が生成するなどの問
題がある。As mentioned above, the conventional method of HIP processing using capsules (VCOJ) is expensive, and it is difficult to manufacture capsules for products with complex shapes. There are problems such as formation of a reaction layer with metal.
又カプセルを使用しない方法においては、焼結金属内部
の空間が閉気孔（独立気孔）になるような金属の種類が
限られている。In addition, in methods that do not use capsules, the types of metals in which the space inside the sintered metal becomes closed pores (independent pores) are limited.
更に上記の対策として考えられた液相焼結法においては
、寸法精度が悪く、活性雰囲気法では有害ガス対策に費
用がか−り、金属粉の改質についても問題があった。Furthermore, the liquid phase sintering method considered as a countermeasure to the above problem has poor dimensional accuracy, and the active atmosphere method requires high costs for countermeasures against harmful gases, and there are also problems with the modification of metal powder.
この発明に係る焼結体の封孔処理方法においては、焼結
金属用粉末原料の加圧成形体を再焼結又はＨＩＰ処理す
る前工程として、上記加圧成形体にショツトブラストを
施工するようにしたものである。In the method for sealing a sintered body according to the present invention, shot blasting is performed on the pressed body as a pre-process of resintering or HIPing the pressed body of the powder raw material for sintered metal. This is what I did.
この発明においては２焼結用の原料を加圧成形した直後
の加工工程において、成形体の表面にジョンドプラスト
による加工を加えると、被加工物の表層は加工硬化な生
ずると共に表面又は表層にある気孔は変形して閉孔した
り開孔部を挾めるなどの変形を受ける。In this invention, in the processing step immediately after the raw material for sintering is pressure-formed, when the surface of the molded body is processed by John de Plast, the surface layer of the workpiece is work-hardened and the surface or surface layer is The pores are deformed and undergo deformation such as closing or pinching open pores.
〔実施例〕第１図の点線で結んだ部分はこの発明の実施例の工程図
で、実線部分は従来の工程を示す工程図である。図にお
いて、１〜９ａについては従来の技術の項で説明した。[Example] The part connected by dotted lines in FIG. 1 is a process diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and the solid line part is a process diagram showing a conventional process. In the figure, 1 to 9a have been explained in the section of the prior art.
２０は加圧成形工程７からショツトブラスト２１に到る
矢印、２２はこのショツトブラスト２１から再焼結工程
８に到る矢印、２３はショツトブラスト２１から焼結／
ＨＩＰ 処理工程９ａに到る矢印である。20 is an arrow leading from the pressure forming process 7 to shot blasting 21, 22 is an arrow leading from shot blasting 21 to resintering process 8, and 23 is a line leading from shot blasting 21 to sintering/
This is an arrow pointing to HIP processing step 9a.
第２図（ａ）、 （ｂ）はこの発明の一実施例を示す加
工前と加工後の状態を示すものである。図において、３
０．３１は加圧成形工程７を終えた直後の表面と気孔、
３Ｑａ、３１ ａはこの表面６１にショツトブラスト２
１を加えた後の表面と気孔である。FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show an embodiment of the present invention before and after processing. In the figure, 3
0.31 is the surface and pores immediately after pressure molding step 7,
3Qa, 31 a is shot blasted 2 on this surface 61.
This is the surface and pores after adding 1.
（ｂ）図において気孔３１ａの入口が両側から突出した
辺によって密閉したりせまくなった様子を示す。(b) The figure shows how the entrance of the pore 31a is closed and narrowed by the sides protruding from both sides.
さて、この発明は従来の最終工程の次工程、即ち加圧成
形工程７の直後にショツトブラスト２１を実施して、被
加工物の表面部のみ組織を活性化させ、再焼結によって
閉気孔層あるいは真密度層を形成させるＨＩＰ処理工程
９．９ａ前の表面封孔処理方法である。Now, in this invention, shot blasting 21 is carried out immediately after the conventional final step, that is, immediately after the pressure forming step 7, to activate the structure only on the surface of the workpiece, and by resintering, a closed pore layer is formed. Alternatively, it is a surface sealing treatment method before HIP treatment step 9.9a for forming a true density layer.
ショツトブラスト処理とは、高硬度の小粒子（鋳鋼ショ
ット、鋼線ショット）をなんらかの方法によって加速し
、これを被処理品の表面に衝突させる吹付加工であり、
扱処理品のばつ職り、黒皮をり、塗装性向上、疲れ強さ
の向上（この目的の場合は、特にショットピーニング処
理と称している）等を目的として、広範囲に適用されて
いる。Shot blasting is a spraying process in which small particles of high hardness (cast steel shot, steel wire shot) are accelerated by some method and collided with the surface of the workpiece.
It is widely applied for the purpose of removing cracks, removing black skin, improving paintability, and improving fatigue strength (for this purpose, it is particularly referred to as shot peening treatment) of treated products.
スナわち、ジョンドブラストは５１＆処理品に対して、
■強固な表面酸化膜の除去、■表面層の塑性変形、■弐
面層に残留圧縮応力付与、■表面層に冷間加工による加
工硬化等の効果を与える。Snapshot, John Do Blast is for 51 & processed products.
■Removal of strong surface oxide film, ■Plastic deformation of the surface layer, ■Applying residual compressive stress to the front layer, ■Provides work hardening to the surface layer through cold working.
粉末焼結において、酸化物除去は非常に大切で。Oxide removal is extremely important in powder sintering.
これは金属の活性な面を新たに生成させ易（し、焼結を
促進させるからである。また、粉末に冷間加工を与える
と、焼結開始温度を低下させることもよ（知られている
。冷間加工の焼結性に及ぼす影響について、その機構は
十分に解明されてはいない。しかしながら、加工によっ
て貯えられるエネルギーは、焼結を促進するに無視でき
ない量であると一般に考えられている。This is because it facilitates the generation of new active surfaces of the metal (and thus accelerates sintering). Cold working of the powder also lowers the sintering initiation temperature (it is known that The mechanism of the effect of cold working on sinterability has not been fully elucidated. However, it is generally believed that the energy stored during working is a non-negligible amount to promote sintering. There is.
本発明は、この酸化膜除去法及び冷間加工によって貯え
られるエネルギーを利用したもので、ショツトブラスト
と再焼結の組み合せにより１表面層のみ焼結を促進させ
ることが特徴である。従って、閉気孔表面層あるいは真
密度表面層を効果的に生成させるためには、一般焼結後
すなわち、焼結がある程度進行した後にショツトブラス
ト処理を施すことが好ましい。The present invention utilizes the energy stored by this oxide film removal method and cold working, and is characterized by promoting sintering of only one surface layer by combining shot blasting and resintering. Therefore, in order to effectively generate a closed pore surface layer or a true density surface layer, it is preferable to perform shot blasting after general sintering, that is, after sintering has progressed to a certain extent.
ＨＩＰ処理により空隙を十分に消滅させるには、空隙は
真空状聾あるいは拡散の早い水素ガス等が充ｉＭＬだ状
態にしておくことが必要である。従って、再焼結工程８
は真空焼結あるいは純水素での焼結が好ましい。また、
ショツトブラスト処理前における焼結工程、即ち加圧成
形工程７においては、閉気孔が形成しない条件下では焼
結雰囲気に限定はないが、閉気孔が一部形成する条件下
では、やはり真空焼結あるいは純水案下焼結が好ましい
。In order to sufficiently eliminate the voids by the HIP process, the voids must be kept in a vacuum state or filled with rapidly diffusing hydrogen gas or the like. Therefore, the resintering process 8
is preferably vacuum sintered or sintered with pure hydrogen. Also,
In the sintering step before the shot blasting process, that is, the pressure forming step 7, there is no limitation on the sintering atmosphere under conditions where closed pores are not formed, but under conditions where some closed pores are formed, vacuum sintering is still required. Alternatively, pure water draft sintering is preferred.
参考写真２と１はこの発明の他の実施例を示す水アトマ
イズ鉄粉焼結体に対して、ショツトブラスト、再焼結を
施した前後の光学顕微鏡写真〔製造工程：圧縮成形→脱
調・焼結−再圧縮→脱脂→ショツトブラスト→再焼結〕
とサンドブラストを省略して処理した状態を示す。Reference photos 2 and 1 are optical micrographs of water atomized iron powder sintered bodies showing other embodiments of the present invention before and after shot blasting and resintering [manufacturing process: compression molding → step-out, Sintering - Recompression → Degreasing → Shotblasting → Re-sintering]
and shows the processed state with sandblasting omitted.
即ち参考写真１はサンドブラスト省略、参考写真２はシ
ョツトブラストを加えた部分の断面の顕微鏡写爽であり
、上層部は気孔が消滅している様子が良くわかる。That is, reference photo 1 is a micrograph of the cross section of the part where sandblasting was omitted, and reference photo 2 is a cross section of the part with shotblasting, and it can be clearly seen that the pores have disappeared in the upper layer.
換言すれば参考写真−１は比較のためショツトブラスト
工程のみ省略し、他は全（同一条件での再焼結後の光学
顕微鏡写真であり、空隙が表面から連なっている。多岐
管状（開気孔）が主体であるのに対し、参考写真−２で
は内部１ま９考写真−１と同様（多岐管状）であるが、
表面部は約１５０μｍ程度の空隙のない層の形成が観察
されている。In other words, reference photo 1 is an optical micrograph after resintering under the same conditions, with only the shot blasting process omitted for comparison, and the voids are continuous from the surface. ) is the main body, whereas in Reference Photo-2, the interior is similar to Photo-1 (manifold-shaped),
Formation of a void-free layer of approximately 150 μm in diameter was observed on the surface.
すなわち、この１５０μ肩の表面層がショツトブラスト
と再焼結の組み合せにより形成した真密度表面層である
。That is, this 150μ shoulder surface layer is a true density surface layer formed by a combination of shot blasting and resintering.
最後に、本発明に類似した処理法として、粉末焼結体の
メッキ処理前に招けるショツトブラスト表面封孔処理が
あるが１本発明との相違について述べる。Finally, as a treatment method similar to the present invention, there is a shot blast surface sealing treatment that is performed before the plating treatment of a powder sintered body, but one difference from the present invention will be described.
粉末焼結体のメッキ処理前におけるショツトブラスト処
理は、メッキ液が空隙内部に侵入することを防止するた
めの表面封孔処理である。この処理は表面を塑性変形さ
せ、空隙のべ面と連なっている部分の断面積を減少させ
、メン干液の浸入を防止するといったいわゆる目つぶし
である（第２図参照）。従って、ショツトブラストを使
用１−た表面封孔処理としては同じであるが、高密度層
を形成させる目的でのブラスト加工を利用した本発明と
、目つぶしを目的としてブラスト加工を利用したこの処
理法と）１５本質的に目的が異なるものでル）る。なお
、目つぶしだけでは、ＨＩＰ処理の際高圧のガスの浸入
を防ぐことが出来ない。The shot blasting process before plating the powder sintered body is a surface sealing process to prevent the plating liquid from entering the voids. This process plastically deforms the surface and reduces the cross-sectional area of the part of the gap that is continuous with the bottom surface, thereby preventing the infiltration of dried men's liquid (see Figure 2). Therefore, although the surface sealing treatment using shot blasting is the same, the present invention uses blasting for the purpose of forming a high-density layer, and this treatment method uses blasting for the purpose of closing the eyes. and )15 have essentially different purposes. Note that closing the eyes alone cannot prevent the infiltration of high-pressure gas during HIP processing.
この発明は以上説明したように、加圧成形工程の直後に
おいて被加工物に対して・／ヨントブラスト加工を行い
、表面及び表層部に加工硬化や変形などを起して気孔を
閉じる作用などをさせたことによって、後工程である再
焼結又はＨＩＰ処理工更にこの発明のショツトブラスト
は、被加工物の形状にこだわることなく簡単に加工出来
るので加工費は少（てすむ。As explained above, in this invention, immediately after the pressure forming process, the workpiece is subjected to a /yont blasting process to cause work hardening and deformation on the surface and surface layer, thereby closing the pores. As a result, the post-process resintering or HIP processing and the shot blasting of the present invention can be easily processed without worrying about the shape of the workpiece, so the processing cost is low.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す工程図、第２シｉ
（ａ） 、 （ｂ） ’＝ｉこの究明の実施前と実ハａ
後の状態を示す説明図である。第６図（！従来の技術な
示す工程図。図において６は粉末原料、７は加圧成形下（？。８は再焼結工程、９はＨＩ Ｐ処理工程、９ａは焼結／
ＨＩＰ処理工程、２１１まンヨントブラスト、３０ａは
表面、３１ａは気孔である。代理人 弁理士 佐 藤 正 年第１図Ｏｒ＋第２図（ａ） （ｂ）く遍、含澗号ト
牙式〉FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and the second stage
(a) , (b) '=i before and in reality a
It is an explanatory view showing a subsequent state. Figure 6 (! A process diagram showing the conventional technology. In the figure, 6 is a powder raw material, 7 is under pressure molding (?) 8 is a re-sintering process, 9 is a HIP treatment process, and 9a is a sintering/
HIP treatment step, 211 side blasting, 30a is the surface, 31a is the pores. Agent Patent Attorney Tadashi Sato Figure 1 Or+ Figure 2 (a) (b) Kuhen, Contains No. Toga style〉
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4731586AJPS62205201A (en) | 1986-03-06 | 1986-03-06 | Sealing treatment of sintered body |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4731586AJPS62205201A (en) | 1986-03-06 | 1986-03-06 | Sealing treatment of sintered body |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62205201Atrue JPS62205201A (en) | 1987-09-09 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4731586APendingJPS62205201A (en) | 1986-03-06 | 1986-03-06 | Sealing treatment of sintered body |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62205201A (en) |
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