【発明の詳細な説明】本発明は土壌中に棲息する病害虫を駆除する土壌用燻蒸
剤に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a soil fumigant for exterminating pests and diseases living in soil.
本発明は特に揮発性燻蒸剤の蒸気圧を低下させ、土壌中
で徐々にガス化し拡散浸透させることで従来の薬剤効果
を一増増大せしめる製剤技術に関するもので、ソルビタ
ン脂肪酸エステル又は其の誘導体により、ゲル状化又は
ゾル状化した新規の土壌用燻蒸剤に関する。The present invention particularly relates to a formulation technology that increases the effectiveness of conventional drugs by lowering the vapor pressure of a volatile fumigant, gradually gasifying it in the soil, and allowing it to diffuse and permeate. , relates to a novel soil fumigant in the form of a gel or sol.
従来の揮発性土壌用燻蒸剤には次表１の如き代表的な薬
剤がある。Typical conventional volatile soil fumigant agents are shown in Table 1 below.
これ等の土壌燻蒸剤のうち特にメチルブロマイド、クロ
ルピクリン等はポリエチレンフィルム等で土壌を被覆し
て液体又はガス体で投薬し、土壌中に浸透拡散させて、
２〜５日間放置し、病害虫駆除効果をあげている。Among these soil fumigant agents, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, etc. in particular are used by covering the soil with a polyethylene film, administering it as a liquid or gas, and allowing it to penetrate and diffuse into the soil.
Leave it for 2 to 5 days and it will be effective in exterminating pests and diseases.
メチルブロマイドの場合はハウストンネル栽培等の施設
園芸作物を対称とした土壌の消毒が中心であり、一般の
露地栽培作物に対しては土壌被覆が必要であるため、全
面消毒がやりにくい事等から使用範囲が極度に限定され
ている。In the case of methyl bromide, it is mainly used to disinfect the soil for greenhouse horticulture crops such as greenhouse tunnel cultivation, and it is difficult to disinfect the entire surface of crops grown in open fields because they require soil covering. The scope of use is extremely limited.
更に殺線虫、殺菌、殺虫及び殺草の効果は夫々の薬剤固
有効果を示し、すべてに汎って使用出来るものではない
。Furthermore, the effects of nematocidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal effects are unique to each drug and cannot be used universally.
この様な問題点は物性に起因していることが大きい、即
ち効力の持続が解決の糸口である。These problems are largely due to physical properties, and the key to solving them is maintaining efficacy.
クロルピクリンに於いては刺激性が強くそのガスは粘膜
を刺激して催涙、嘔吐、悪心、窒息をおこし、更に皮膚
に接触すると薬傷を起すと共に人体に対する毒性が強い
等から現状の剤形での使用方法には問題点が多過ぎる。Chlorpicrin is highly irritating, and its gas irritates mucous membranes, causing lachrymation, vomiting, nausea, and suffocation.Furthermore, when it comes into contact with the skin, it causes chemical burns and is highly toxic to the human body, so it cannot be used in its current dosage form. There are too many problems with its usage.
エチレンジフロマイト剤、ジクロルプロペン剤、シフロ
ムクロルプロパン剤、クロルニトロエタン剤等に於いて
も前記同様に薬効、薬害、残留性、公害面等に問題点が
残されている。Ethylene difuromite agents, dichloropropene agents, sifurom chloropropane agents, chlornitroethane agents, and the like also have problems in terms of efficacy, drug damage, persistence, pollution, etc., as described above.
本発明者はかかる現状の問題点を解決するために薬理作
用に有意な物理化学的性状の改良調合、薬害及び残留性
の少ないもの毒性の軽減による危害公害の防止等を指標
として揮発性燻蒸剤を単体又は複合化した製剤原体を粒
子間、原子又は分子結合してできた３次元構造の内部で
吸着又は包接、ミセルの形成等によりゲル状化又はゾル
状化せしめて、土壌燻蒸剤として使用すると蒸気圧の調
整、使用時の安全性の確保、殺虫、殺菌、殺草効果が従
来の揮発性燻蒸剤と比較して著しく優れた結果を究明し
得、本発明に到達した。In order to solve the current problems, the present inventor has developed a volatile fumigation agent with the aim of improving formulations with physicochemical properties significant for pharmacological action, and preventing harmful pollution by reducing chemical toxicity and toxicity. A soil fumigation agent is produced by adsorbing or clathrating the drug substance, either alone or in combination, into a gel or sol by adsorption or inclusion within a three-dimensional structure formed by atomic or molecular bonding, forming micelles, etc. When used as a volatile fumigant, it has been found that the vapor pressure adjustment, safety during use, insecticidal, sterilizing, and herbicidal effects are significantly superior compared to conventional volatile fumigants, and the present invention has been achieved.
即ち本発明は揮発性燻蒸剤の液体又は溶剤の溶解物をソ
ルビタン脂肪酸エステル又はその誘導体と特定量の水を
加えてゲル状化又はゾル状化した土壌燻蒸剤である。That is, the present invention is a soil fumigant prepared by adding sorbitan fatty acid ester or a derivative thereof and a specific amount of water to a liquid or solvent solution of a volatile fumigant to form a gel or sol.
揮発性燻蒸剤とはメチルブロマイド、クロルピクリン、
エチレンブロマイド、ジクロルプロペンアクリルニトリ
ル、エチレンクロロフロマイト、エチレンジクロライド
、エチレンオキサイド、四塩化炭素、ジメチルジクロル
ビニルホスフェート、クロルジブロムエタン、ダイアジ
ノン、ジメトエート、マラソン、メタアルデヒド、クロ
ルニトロエタン、ホルマリン等であり特に蒸気圧の低い
揮発性のものが望ましい。Volatile fumigants include methyl bromide, chloropicrin,
Ethylene bromide, dichloropropene acrylonitrile, ethylene chlorofuromite, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate, chlordibromoethane, diazinon, dimethoate, marathon, metaldehyde, chlornitroethane, formalin, etc. In particular, volatile materials with low vapor pressure are desirable.
ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルはソルビタンと例えばラウリ
ル酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸とのエ
ステルであり、その誘導体としては例えばエチレンオキ
サイドの付加物エチレングリコール付加物等があげられ
次のものが例示される。Sorbitan fatty acid ester is an ester of sorbitan and, for example, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or oleic acid, and its derivatives include, for example, ethylene oxide adducts and ethylene glycol adducts, and the following are exemplified.
Ｒ−Ｃ数８〜１８のアルキル基を示している。It shows an alkyl group having 8 to 18 R-Cs.
本発明に係る土壌燻蒸剤は前記揮発性燻蒸剤に、前記ソ
ルビタン脂肪酸エステル又はその誘導体を溶解し、更に
水５〜２０％を徐々に添加することによりできるゲル状
化又はゾル状化したものを殺虫、殺菌、殺草成分として
含有するものである。The soil fumigant according to the present invention is a gel or sol obtained by dissolving the sorbitan fatty acid ester or its derivative in the volatile fumigant and gradually adding 5 to 20% water. It is contained as an insecticidal, sterilizing, and herbicidal ingredient.
そこでゲル状化又はゾル状化した土壌燻蒸剤を得るには
水の５〜２０％重量の添加が必要である。Therefore, in order to obtain a soil fumigant in the form of a gel or sol, it is necessary to add 5 to 20% by weight of water.
特定量の水添加は揮発性燻蒸剤の液状又は溶剤に溶解し
た原体８０部に対しソルビタン脂肪酸エステル５部を溶
解し、良く攪拌しながら水を徐々に添加すると原体は段
々と粘度を増し、水量５〜７部でゲル状化又はゾル状化
し、水量１０〜１８部では高粘性のゲル化物を得た。To add a specific amount of water, dissolve 5 parts of sorbitan fatty acid ester in 80 parts of the liquid volatile fumigant or the active substance dissolved in a solvent, and gradually add water while stirring well.The viscosity of the active substance gradually increases. A gelatinized or sol-formed product was obtained with an amount of 5 to 7 parts of water, and a highly viscous gelled product was obtained with an amount of 10 to 18 parts of water.
更に水量２０部以上添加するとゲル化物が崩壊して２相
に分離しゲル化物がスラリー状となる現象を生じる。Furthermore, if 20 parts or more of water is added, the gelled product collapses and separates into two phases, resulting in a phenomenon in which the gelled product becomes a slurry.
本発明の土壌燻蒸剤の好ましい配合割合としては、例え
ば次のものが例示される。Examples of preferable blending ratios of the soil fumigant of the present invention are as follows.
揮発性燻蒸剤（原体） ７５〜９０部ソルビタン脂
肪酸エステル ３〜５部水 ５〜２０部助剤
０〜２部尚ゲル状化又はゾル状化物は温度（特に高温）加圧下で
は崩壊し液が分離する等の問題点があり、無機コロイダ
ル物質、水溶性高分子、界面活性剤、等を併用すること
によって本発明土壌燻蒸剤が安定化する。Volatile fumigant (raw material) 75-90 parts Sorbitan fatty acid ester 3-5 parts Water 5-20 parts Auxiliary agent
0 to 2 parts Gel-formed or sol-formed products have problems such as disintegration and liquid separation under pressure at high temperatures (especially high temperatures), so inorganic colloidal substances, water-soluble polymers, surfactants, etc. are used in combination. By doing so, the soil fumigant of the present invention is stabilized.
本発明に係る土壌燻蒸剤は固形剤ペースト剤エアゾール
剤、乳剤等として利用しうるものである。The soil fumigant according to the present invention can be used as a solid paste, aerosol, emulsion, etc.
勿論例えば共力剤、酸化防止剤、河水分解防止剤、基材
等を適宜使用することができる。Of course, for example, synergists, antioxidants, river water decomposition inhibitors, base materials, etc. can be used as appropriate.
本発明土壌燻蒸剤を使用すると、次の効果を奏すること
ができる。When the soil fumigant of the present invention is used, the following effects can be achieved.
（１）本発明は蒸気圧の低い特にメチルフロマイト等を
ゲル状又はゾル状化した製剤、即ち土壌燻蒸剤にするこ
とによって薬効を持続させることができるので薬剤の使
用量が低減し更には病菌害虫の適応範囲が拡大される。(1) In the present invention, the medicinal efficacy can be sustained by making a gel or sol formulation of methylfuromite, etc., which has a low vapor pressure, that is, a soil fumigation agent, thereby reducing the amount of the drug used. The range of adaptation for pests and diseases will be expanded.
（２）本発明により液状又は溶剤可溶物農薬の複合が簡
単になり特にクロルピクリン等の如き刺激性毒物を実用
上からの危険を低減又は消却すると共に蒸気圧を適用範
囲迄調整するため栽培作物の薬害を防止する偉人な効果
を示している。(2) The present invention simplifies the combination of liquid or solvent-soluble pesticides, reduces or eliminates the practical danger of irritating poisons such as chloropicrin, and adjusts the vapor pressure within the applicable range for cultivated crops. It has shown great effectiveness in preventing drug damage.
（３） ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンエステル等は
植物の生理作用を持つ薬剤であるため植物の生長に対し
相乗効果を持っている。(3) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester and the like are drugs that have physiological effects on plants, so they have a synergistic effect on plant growth.
（４）本発明の土壌燻蒸剤の形態をとると、農薬原体の
大気飛散が少なく輸送も便利で作業上及び公害防止上現
状農薬中一番安全かつ簡易で経済的である。(4) When the soil fumigant of the present invention is in the form, the agricultural chemical ingredient is less likely to be dispersed into the atmosphere, is convenient to transport, and is the safest, simplest, and most economical among the current agricultural chemicals in terms of work and pollution prevention.
以下、実施例により本発明を詳述する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.
実施例 １メチルフロマイト５５．３部とクロルピクリン２７．３
部にポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート４．
１部を溶解攪拌し水１３．３部を攪拌しながら徐々に添
加分散させるとゲル状の土壌燻蒸剤を得た。Example 1 55.3 parts of methylfuromite and 27.3 parts of chloropicrin
4. Part polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.
1 part was dissolved and stirred, and 13.3 parts of water was gradually added and dispersed with stirring to obtain a gel-like soil fumigant.
このものは次表２及び表３の如く既存の燻蒸剤と比較す
ると蒸気圧および薬効において大差を得た。This product has a large difference in vapor pressure and medicinal efficacy when compared with existing fumigants as shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
実施例 ２クロルピクリン８２部にソルビタンモノラウレト２部と
安定剤カーボポール９４０（カルボキシビニールポリマ
ー）１部とラウリルアミン２部を攪拌しながら添加溶解
し更に１００部になるように水又はメタノールを加える
とゲル状化する。Example 2 Add and dissolve 2 parts of sorbitan monolaureto, 1 part of stabilizer Carbopol 940 (carboxy vinyl polymer), and 2 parts of laurylamine to 82 parts of chloropicrin with stirring, and then add water or methanol to make 100 parts. and gelatinizes.
クロルピクリン特有の刺激臭が非常に低くなり、土壌病
菌害虫駆除効果はキタネコブセンチュウに効果が低かっ
た。The irritating odor characteristic of chloropicrin was extremely low, and its effectiveness in controlling soil diseases and pests was low against the northern red knot nematode.
しかし２０？／ｒｎ’の投薬量で完全に殺虫を見ること
ができた。But 20? Complete killing of insects could be observed at the dosage of /rn'.
実施例 ３メチルブロマイド２７．３部とエチレンジブロマイド５
５．３部を混合しポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラ
ウレート４．１部溶解し、更に助剤として無機硅酸塩及
び酸化防止剤少量を添加分散し、攪拌しながら水１３．
３部を徐々に添加するとゾル状の剤形を得た。Example 3 27.3 parts of methyl bromide and 5 parts of ethylene dibromide
5.3 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate were mixed, 4.1 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate was dissolved, and an inorganic silicate and a small amount of antioxidant were further added and dispersed as auxiliaries, and 13.3 parts of water was mixed with stirring.
A sol-like dosage form was obtained by gradually adding 3 parts.
実施例 ４Ｄ−Ｄ（ジクロールプロペン）２５部とメチルブロマイ
ド２０部にポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレー
ト１１．２部とアニオン界面活性剤４．８部（ＲＹ−１
部７松本油脂製品）を加え溶解し攪拌しながら水を加え
て１００部とする。Example 4 25 parts of DD (dichlorpropene) and 20 parts of methyl bromide, 11.2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and 4.8 parts of anionic surfactant (RY-1
Part 7 Matsumoto Oil Products) was added and dissolved, and while stirring, water was added to make 100 parts.
得られたゲル状化した薬剤と既存の燻蒸剤の複合化品に
ついての薬剤の効力試験成績は次表４の如く好成績を得
た。The drug efficacy test results for the composite product of the obtained gelled drug and the existing fumigant showed good results as shown in Table 4 below.
以上の実施例ではゲル状化又はゾル状化によって、本発
明の目的を遠戚したがゲル状化又はゾル状化製剤は水量
によっては得られないのでその実施例を以下詳述する。In the above examples, the object of the present invention was achieved by forming a gel or sol, but since a gel or sol preparation cannot be obtained depending on the amount of water, the examples will be described in detail below.
実施例 ５メチルブロマイド３０部とクロルピクリン５９部を混合
溶解しポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート５
部と助剤（水溶性高分子）２部を加えて溶解攪拌しなが
ら水を４部徐々に添加すると白濁する攪拌を停止すると
上層部が白濁し下層部は透明の液状となる。Example 5 30 parts of methyl bromide and 59 parts of chloropicrin were mixed and dissolved to produce 5 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.
1 part and 2 parts of an auxiliary agent (water-soluble polymer) are dissolved and stirred while gradually adding 4 parts of water, which becomes cloudy.When stirring is stopped, the upper layer becomes cloudy and the lower layer becomes a transparent liquid.
実施例 ６メチルブロマイド２４部とクロルピクリン４９部を混合
溶解しポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート５
部と助剤（水溶性高分子）２部を加えて溶解、攪拌しな
がら水を徐々に２０部添加すると、液状のものが段々と
増粘し水を１０〜１８部でゲル化物を得た。Example 6 24 parts of methyl bromide and 49 parts of chloropicrin were mixed and dissolved to produce 5 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.
1 part and 2 parts of auxiliary agent (water-soluble polymer) were added and dissolved, and 20 parts of water was gradually added while stirring, the liquid gradually thickened and a gelled product was obtained with 10 to 18 parts of water. .
更に水を２０部（合計）添加する時極端にゲル化物が崩
壊してスラリー状のゲル化物となり静置するとゲル化物
は上層部に浮き液状となる。Furthermore, when 20 parts (total) of water is added, the gelled product collapses extremely and becomes a slurry-like gelled product. When left standing, the gelled product floats to the upper layer and becomes liquid.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12321975AJPS5828241B2 (en) | 1975-10-15 | 1975-10-15 | Dojiyou Kunjiyouzai |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12321975AJPS5828241B2 (en) | 1975-10-15 | 1975-10-15 | Dojiyou Kunjiyouzai |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5247921A JPS5247921A (en) | 1977-04-16 |
| JPS5828241B2true JPS5828241B2 (en) | 1983-06-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12321975AExpiredJPS5828241B2 (en) | 1975-10-15 | 1975-10-15 | Dojiyou Kunjiyouzai |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5828241B2 (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53133634A (en)* | 1977-04-26 | 1978-11-21 | Teijin Chem Ltd | Fumigant composition |
| JPS60197602A (en)* | 1984-03-22 | 1985-10-07 | Teijin Chem Ltd | Preparation for soil injection |
| JP2532902B2 (en)* | 1987-12-28 | 1996-09-11 | アグロ・カネショウ株式会社 | Granular chloropicrin preparation for soil sterilization and its manufacturing method |
| JP2009235092A (en)* | 2000-09-22 | 2009-10-15 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Chloropicrin emulsion |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5247921A (en) | 1977-04-16 |
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