【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電源により浮動充
電される密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置に関するもの
である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply device having a sealed lead-acid battery which is float-charged by a power supply.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】無停電電源装置や自動車の電源装置等で
は、浮動充電される密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えている。この
種の電源装置においては、通常時でも密閉型鉛蓄電池の
劣化状態を判定することが重要な課題となっている。鉛
蓄電池の劣化判定方法としては電解液の比重を測定する
方法が最も一般的に行われている。ところが完全密閉式
の密閉型鉛蓄電池では電解液の比重を直接測定できない
ために、電解液比重測定用の二酸化鉛電極を電槽内に設
置して電解液の比重を測定する技術（特開昭６１−２９
４７７１号）や、陽極板の伸びを検出する技術（特開平
２−１５２１７０号）や、内部インピーダンスを測定す
る技術（特開平４−１９８７８３号）などが提案されて
きた。2. Description of the Related Art An uninterruptible power supply, a power supply for an automobile, and the like are provided with a sealed lead-acid battery which is floatingly charged. In this type of power supply device, it is an important issue to determine the state of deterioration of the sealed lead-acid battery even at normal times. As a method of judging the deterioration of a lead storage battery, a method of measuring the specific gravity of an electrolytic solution is most commonly performed. However, since the specific gravity of the electrolyte cannot be directly measured with a completely closed type sealed lead-acid battery, a technology for measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte by installing a lead dioxide electrode for measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte in the battery case (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-29
No. 4771), a technique for detecting the elongation of the anode plate (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-152170), and a technique for measuring the internal impedance (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-198783) have been proposed.
【０００３】しかしながら、電解液比重測定用電極を電
槽内に設置して電解液比重を測定する技術，陽極板の伸
びを検出する技術は、電池内部にセンサーを入れる必要
があり、部品点数が増加する問題がある上，電池製作工
数の増加などの製造上の問題もあって、実際にはほとん
ど実施されていないのが現状である。However, the technology for measuring the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution by installing the electrode for measuring the specific gravity of the electrolytic solution in the battery case and the technology for detecting the elongation of the anode plate require that a sensor be provided inside the battery, and the number of parts must be reduced. Actually, it is hardly practiced because there is a problem in manufacturing, such as an increase in the number of man-hours for manufacturing a battery, in addition to an increase in the number of steps.
【０００４】これに対して内部インピーダンスを測定す
る技術は密閉型鉛蓄電池の劣化状態の検出技術として実
際に実用化されている。しかしながら内部インピーダン
ス測定値のみから高い精度で劣化判定を行うのは無理が
ある。そこで内部インピーダンスと短時間の放電電圧の
測定値とから放電容量を推定する技術を用いると、内部
インピーダンスあるいは短時間放電電圧いずれか一方か
ら推定するよりも精度が良くなるという研究結果が発表
されている（電気設備学会誌 1993,NO.12,VOL.13,P124
7）。具体的な方法としては、内部インピーダンスと放
電中の平均の電圧低下速度に相関があることを利用し
て、内部インピーダンスから放電中の平均電圧低下速度
を算出する。そしてこの平均電圧低下速度と短時間の放
電を行ったときの電圧値とから放電電圧が終止電圧に達
するまでの時間、つまり放電持続時間を推定して、寿命
を推定する方法が知られている。On the other hand, a technique for measuring the internal impedance has been actually put to practical use as a technique for detecting the state of deterioration of a sealed lead-acid battery. However, it is impossible to judge deterioration with high accuracy from only the internal impedance measurement value. Research results have been published that show that using a technique to estimate the discharge capacity from the internal impedance and the short-term discharge voltage measurement results in a better accuracy than either the internal impedance or the short-term discharge voltage. (Journal of the Institute of Electrical Installations 1993, NO.12, VOL.13, P124
7). As a specific method, utilizing the fact that there is a correlation between the internal impedance and the average voltage drop rate during discharge, the average voltage drop rate during discharge is calculated from the internal impedance. A method of estimating the time until the discharge voltage reaches the end voltage, that is, the discharge duration time, from the average voltage drop rate and the voltage value at the time of performing the short-time discharge, that is, the discharge duration, is known. .
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、この内部イン
ピーダンスの測定を密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置に
適用する場合には次の点が問題となる。However, when the measurement of the internal impedance is applied to a power supply device having a sealed lead-acid battery, the following problems arise.
【０００６】まずは内部インピーダンスを測定するため
には比較的大きな交流電流を通電する必要があり、測定
用の交流電流通電部が必要になる点である。一般的に密
閉型鉛蓄電池の内部インピーダンスは、一定振幅の交流
電流通電時の端子電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分を測定す
ることによって求める。しかしながら密閉型鉛蓄電池は
内部インピーダンス値が小さいためにノイズの影響を受
けやすく通電される交流電流の電流値が小さいと正確な
測定が困難である。２Ｖ，２００Ａｈの据置密閉型鉛蓄
電池の例では、周波数１０Ｈｚ程度で１ｍΩ以下の内部
インピーダンス値であり、±２Ａの交流電流の通電で端
子電圧に現れる交流電圧成分は±２ｍＶ以下と非常に小
さい値となりノイズの影響を受けやすい。このために
は、通電電流の値を大きくすればよいが、交流電流通電
部に用いる半導体スイッチング素子の大型化が避けられ
ず、発熱，消費電力，コストなどの点で問題があり、通
電電流の値を単純に大きくするのは実用的ではない。First, in order to measure the internal impedance, it is necessary to supply a relatively large AC current, and an AC current supplying unit for measurement is required. Generally, the internal impedance of a sealed lead-acid battery is determined by measuring an AC voltage component included in a terminal voltage when an AC current having a constant amplitude is applied. However, since the sealed lead-acid battery has a small internal impedance value, it is susceptible to noise, and accurate measurement is difficult if the value of the alternating current supplied is small. In the example of a stationary sealed lead-acid battery of 2 V, 200 Ah, the internal impedance value is 1 mΩ or less at a frequency of about 10 Hz, and the AC voltage component that appears in the terminal voltage when an AC current of ± 2 A flows is a very small value of ± 2 mV or less. And is susceptible to noise. For this purpose, it is sufficient to increase the value of the energizing current. However, it is inevitable that the semiconductor switching element used for the alternating current energizing section becomes large, and there are problems in terms of heat generation, power consumption, cost, and the like. Simply increasing the value is not practical.
【０００７】また、リプル電流が密閉型鉛蓄電池に流れ
ている場合もあり、測定時の端子電圧にリプル電圧が含
まれて誤差となる場合もある。インバータ回路を負荷と
する無停電交流電源装置に使用される密閉型鉛蓄電池に
ついて実測したところ、フロート充電中で６０Ｈｚのリ
プル電圧が１０ｍＶも密閉型鉛蓄電池の端子電圧に含ま
れていた例もある。この場合、単に密閉型鉛蓄電池の端
子電圧に含まれる交流電圧成分のピーク−ピーク値（Ｐ
−Ｐ値）を通電電流で割って内部インピーダンス値とす
ると大きな誤差を伴うという問題があった。Further, a ripple current may flow through the sealed lead-acid battery, and an error may occur when the terminal voltage at the time of measurement includes the ripple voltage. When a sealed lead-acid battery used in an uninterruptible AC power supply with an inverter circuit as a load was measured, there was an example in which a 60-Hz ripple voltage during float charging was included in the terminal voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery as much as 10 mV. . In this case, simply the peak-peak value (P) of the AC voltage component included in the terminal voltage of the sealed lead-acid battery
When the internal impedance value is obtained by dividing (−P value) by the supplied current, there is a problem that a large error occurs.
【０００８】本発明の目的は、専用の交流電流通電部を
設けずに精度よく密閉型鉛蓄電池の内部インピーダンス
を測定して密閉型鉛蓄電池の劣化状態を判定して表示す
ることができる密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置を提供
することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a sealed type lead-acid battery which can accurately measure the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery and determine and display the deterioration state of the sealed lead-acid battery without providing a dedicated alternating current conducting portion. An object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device including a lead storage battery.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池
を備えた電源装置は、常時は負荷に直流電力を供給する
とともに密閉型鉛蓄電池を浮動充電する充電装置と、密
閉型鉛蓄電池の劣化状態を内部インピーダンに基づいて
判定する劣化判定装置と、劣化判定装置の判定結果を表
示する表示部とを備えている。前述の劣化判定装置は、
密閉型鉛蓄電池の内部インピーダンスを測定するインピ
ーダンス測定部と、この測定した内部インピーダンスに
基づいて密閉型鉛蓄電池の劣化状態を判定する劣化判定
部とを具備している。According to the present invention, there is provided a power supply device having a sealed lead-acid battery according to the present invention. The charging device always supplies DC power to a load and float-charges the sealed lead-acid battery. The apparatus includes a deterioration determination device that determines the deterioration state based on the internal impedance, and a display unit that displays a determination result of the deterioration determination device. The above-described deterioration determination device is:
The system includes an impedance measuring unit that measures the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery, and a deterioration determining unit that determines the state of deterioration of the sealed lead-acid battery based on the measured internal impedance.
【００１０】前述の充電装置は、内部インピーダンス測
定時に、充電のための通常の設定電圧と密閉型鉛蓄電池
から負荷に一定周波数の放電電流が流れるようになる低
い電圧とを一定の周期で出力するように構成されてい
る。The above-described charging device outputs a normal set voltage for charging and a low voltage at which a discharge current having a constant frequency flows from the sealed lead-acid battery to the load at a fixed cycle when measuring the internal impedance. It is configured as follows.
【００１１】また前述の劣化判定装置のインピーダンス
測定部は、放電電流を検出する放電電流検出手段と、放
電電流の放電電流波形をフーリエ変換して前述の一定周
波数を基本周波数とする放電電流波形のフーリエ変換値
を求める第１のフーリエ変換手段と、電池の放電中の電
池電圧を検出する放電電圧検出手段と、放電中の電池電
圧の電圧応答波形をフーリエ変換して前述の一定周波数
を基本周波数とする電圧応答波形のフーリエ変換値を求
める第２のフーリエ変換手段と、求めた電圧応答波形の
フーリエ変換値を放電電流波形のフーリエ変換値で除し
て（割って）内部インピーダンスを求めるインピーダン
ス演算手段とから構成されている。The impedance measuring section of the deterioration judging device includes a discharge current detecting means for detecting a discharge current, a Fourier transform of the discharge current waveform of the discharge current, and a discharge current waveform having the above-mentioned constant frequency as a basic frequency. First Fourier transform means for obtaining a Fourier transform value, discharge voltage detecting means for detecting a battery voltage during discharge of the battery, and a Fourier transform of a voltage response waveform of the battery voltage during discharge to obtain the aforementioned constant frequency as a fundamental frequency. Second Fourier transform means for calculating a Fourier transform value of the voltage response waveform to be calculated, and an impedance calculation for dividing (dividing) the obtained Fourier transform value of the voltage response waveform by the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform to obtain an internal impedance Means.
【００１２】劣化判定部は、演算により求めた内部イン
ピーダンスに基づいて寿命を判定するものであるが、特
別に判定を行わずに、単に前述の表示部に密閉型鉛蓄電
池の内部インピーダンスを表示するようにしてもよい。
表示部に内部インピーダンスを表示する場合に、寿命到
達の基準となる内部インピーダンスの判定基準値または
判定基準レベルを一緒に表示すれば、使用者は内部イン
ピーダンスと判定基準値または判定基準レベルを対比す
ることにより、寿命の到来を予測することができる。ま
た劣化判定部を、演算により求めた内部インピーダンス
に基づいて寿命を判定する場合には、例えば寿命到達の
基準となる内部インピーダンスの判定基準値または判定
基準レベルと演算により求めた内部インピーダンスとを
比較してその結果を数字または量で表すようにしてもよ
いし、また公知の方法で推定放電持続時間を求めて劣化
状態を判定してもよい。The deterioration judging section judges the life based on the internal impedance obtained by calculation, but simply displays the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery on the above-mentioned display section without making any special judgment. You may do so.
When displaying the internal impedance on the display unit, if the judgment reference value or the judgment reference level of the internal impedance which is the reference of the end of life is displayed together, the user compares the internal impedance with the judgment reference value or the judgment reference level. Thus, the end of the life can be predicted. When determining the life based on the calculated internal impedance, the deterioration determination unit compares the calculated internal impedance with a reference value or a reference level of the internal impedance, which is a reference for reaching the life, for example. The result may be represented by a number or a quantity, or the deterioration state may be determined by obtaining an estimated discharge duration time by a known method.
【００１３】本発明に係る密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源
装置は、充電装置の出力電圧を通常の設定電圧と通常の
設定電圧より低い電圧値に一定周期毎に切り換える。し
たがって充電装置の出力電圧が通常の設定電圧の場合に
は負荷へ充電装置から電力が供給され、充電装置の出力
電圧が通常の設定電圧より低い場合には密閉型鉛蓄電池
から電力が供給される。すなわち、密閉型鉛蓄電池から
は一定周期毎に放電電流が放電され、当該周期に対応し
た周波数の成分を含む交流電流が放電されることにな
る。内部インピーダンスはこの放電の際の密閉型鉛蓄電
池の電圧応答成分の当該周波数成分の振幅を放電電流の
当該周波数成分の振幅で除した値となる。なお、本発明
ではフーリエ変換により放電電流波形と電圧応答波形の
当該周波数成分を求めているため、当該周波数成分以外
の周波数成分は除去され、ノイズ，リプル電圧の影響を
少なくして精度よく内部インピーダンスを測定できる。A power supply device having a sealed lead-acid battery according to the present invention switches the output voltage of a charging device between a normal set voltage and a voltage value lower than the normal set voltage at regular intervals. Therefore, when the output voltage of the charging device is the normal set voltage, power is supplied from the charging device to the load, and when the output voltage of the charging device is lower than the normal set voltage, power is supplied from the sealed lead-acid battery. . That is, a discharge current is discharged from the sealed lead storage battery at regular intervals, and an alternating current including a component having a frequency corresponding to the cycle is discharged. The internal impedance is a value obtained by dividing the amplitude of the frequency component of the voltage response component of the sealed lead-acid battery during the discharge by the amplitude of the frequency component of the discharge current. In the present invention, since the frequency components of the discharge current waveform and the voltage response waveform are obtained by Fourier transform, the frequency components other than the frequency components are removed, and the influence of noise and ripple voltage is reduced, and the internal impedance is accurately determined. Can be measured.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図１を参照して、本発明の
密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置を無停電電源装置に適
用した実施の形態の一例を説明する。図１は本発明の密
閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置の実施の形態の一例を示
す概略構成図である。同図において、１は商用電源を入
力とする充電装置である。この充電装置１の２つの出力
端子間には、密閉型鉛蓄電池２とシャント抵抗５の直列
回路が接続されている。このシャント抵抗５は密閉型鉛
蓄電池２からの放電電流を電圧の変化で検出する目的で
配置されたものである。そして密閉型鉛蓄電池２とシャ
ント抵抗５の直列回路に対して負荷６が並列接続されて
いる。この負荷６は、この例が交流無停電電源装置に使
用される場合には、インバータ回路であり、また自動車
の電源に使用さる場合には、バッテリ以外の電装品であ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment in which a power supply device having a sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention is applied to an uninterruptible power supply device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a power supply device including a sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a charging device that receives a commercial power supply. A series circuit of a sealed lead-acid battery 2 and a shunt resistor 5 is connected between two output terminals of the charging device 1. The shunt resistor 5 is provided for detecting a discharge current from the sealed lead-acid battery 2 by a change in voltage. A load 6 is connected in parallel to a series circuit of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 and the shunt resistor 5. The load 6 is an inverter circuit when this example is used for an AC uninterruptible power supply, and is an electrical component other than a battery when it is used for an automobile power supply.
【００１５】充電装置１はマイクロプロセッサ７によっ
て実現される図３に示した放電制御部７５により制御さ
れて、通常は負荷６に直流電流を供給するとともに密閉
型鉛蓄電池２を浮動充電している。そして、内部インピ
ーダンス測定時には、充電のための通常の設定電圧と密
閉型鉛蓄電池２から負荷６に一定周波数の放電電流が流
れるようになる通常の設定電圧より低い電圧とを交互に
一定の周期で出力する。このような充電装置１の構成
は、図２に示す通りである。The charging device 1 is controlled by a discharge control unit 75 shown in FIG. 3 which is realized by the microprocessor 7, and normally supplies a direct current to the load 6 and float-charges the sealed lead-acid battery 2. . At the time of measuring the internal impedance, a normal set voltage for charging and a voltage lower than the normal set voltage at which a discharge current having a fixed frequency flows from the sealed lead-acid battery 2 to the load 6 alternately at a constant cycle. Output. The configuration of such a charging device 1 is as shown in FIG.
【００１６】図２は、充電装置１の一例の回路を示す回
路図である。この充電装置１の回路は、トランスＴを介
して入力された交流を４つのダイオードをブリッジ接続
してなる整流回路ＲＣを通して直流に整流する。整流回
路ＲＣの出力は、主制御トランジスタＴｒ1 によって制
御される。主制御トランジスタＴｒ1 のベースには抵抗
Ｒ2 を介してトランジスタＴｒ2 が接続され、このトラ
ンジスタＴｒ2 のベースには抵抗Ｒ3 及びＲ4 からなる
分圧回路の分圧点が接続されている。抵抗Ｒ3及びＲ4
からなる分圧回路には、誤差増幅器ＯＰの出力が印加さ
れている。誤差増幅器ＯＰの反転入力は、逆流防止用ダ
イオードＤ及び抵抗Ｒ5 を介して、主制御トランジスタ
Ｔｒ1 の出力に接続されており、また誤差増幅器ＯＰの
非反転入力には基準電圧源Ｖref から基準電圧が入力さ
れている。この誤差増幅器ＯＰを含む回路により、出力
電圧を定電圧にするためのフィードバックループが構成
されている。誤差増幅器ＯＰの反転入力は、抵抗Ｒ5 、
抵抗Ｒ6 及び抵抗Ｒ7 からなる分圧回路によって分圧さ
れている。抵抗Ｒ7 の両端には、出力電圧切替用のトラ
ンジスタＴｒ3 のエミッタ−コレクタ回路が並列接続さ
れており、トランジスタＴｒ3 のベースには抵抗Ｒ8 及
び抵抗Ｒ9 からなる分圧回路の分圧点が接続されてい
る。抵抗Ｒ8 の端部には、図１のマイクロプロセッサ７
から制御信号が入力される。トランジスタＴｒ3 がオン
状態にあると抵抗Ｒ7 が短絡されて、誤差増幅器ＯＰの
反転入力に接続されている抵抗Ｒ5 、抵抗Ｒ6 及び抵抗
Ｒ7 からなる分圧回路の分圧比は低くなる。またトラン
ジスタＴｒ3 がオフ状態にあると抵抗Ｒ7 が短絡されず
に分圧回路に挿入されるため、誤差増幅器ＯＰの反転入
力に接続されている抵抗Ｒ5 、抵抗Ｒ6 及び抵抗Ｒ7 か
らなる分圧回路の分圧比は高くなる。この分圧比が高い
ときには、充電装置の出力電圧が高くなり、分圧比が低
いときには充電装置の出力電圧は低くなる。したがって
通常の充電時には、マイクロプロセッサ７からトランジ
スタＴｒ3 をオフ状態にする制御信号が出力されて抵抗
Ｒ8 を通してトランジスタＴｒ3 のベースに供給され、
またインピーダンス測定時には、マイクロプロセッサ７
から一定の周波数でトランジスタＴｒ3 をオン・オフす
る制御信号が出力されて、抵抗Ｒ8 を通してトランジス
タＴｒ3 のベースに供給される。なおこの回路の各回路
要素は、インピーダンス測定時に、充電のための通常の
設定電圧と密閉型鉛蓄電池から負荷に一定周波数の放電
電流が流れるようになる低い電圧とが一定の周期で出力
されるように定められている。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a circuit of the charging device 1. The circuit of the charging device 1 rectifies the alternating current input through the transformer T into a direct current through a rectifier circuit RC having four diodes connected in a bridge. The output of the rectifier circuit RC is controlled by the main control transistor Tr1. The transistor Tr2 is connected to the base of the main control transistor Tr1 via a resistor R2, and the base of the transistor Tr2 is connected to a voltage dividing point of a voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistors R3 and R4. Resistance R3 and R4
The output of the error amplifier OP is applied to the voltage dividing circuit composed of. The inverting input of the error amplifier OP is connected to the output of the main control transistor Tr1 via a backflow prevention diode D and a resistor R5, and the reference voltage from the reference voltage source Vref is applied to the non-inverting input of the error amplifier OP. Has been entered. The circuit including the error amplifier OP forms a feedback loop for making the output voltage constant. The inverting input of the error amplifier OP is connected to a resistor R5,
The voltage is divided by a voltage dividing circuit including a resistor R6 and a resistor R7. An emitter-collector circuit of an output voltage switching transistor Tr3 is connected in parallel to both ends of the resistor R7, and a voltage dividing point of a voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistors R8 and R9 is connected to the base of the transistor Tr3. I have. At the end of the resistor R8, the microprocessor 7 of FIG.
Receives a control signal. When the transistor Tr3 is on, the resistor R7 is short-circuited, and the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistor R5, the resistor R6 and the resistor R7 connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier OP decreases. When the transistor Tr3 is in the off state, the resistor R7 is inserted into the voltage dividing circuit without being short-circuited. Therefore, the voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistors R5, R6 and R7 connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier OP. The partial pressure ratio increases. When the division ratio is high, the output voltage of the charging device increases, and when the division ratio is low, the output voltage of the charging device decreases. Therefore, during normal charging, a control signal for turning off the transistor Tr3 is output from the microprocessor 7 and supplied to the base of the transistor Tr3 through the resistor R8.
At the time of impedance measurement, the microprocessor 7
Outputs a control signal for turning on / off the transistor Tr3 at a constant frequency, and supplies the control signal to the base of the transistor Tr3 through the resistor R8. At the time of impedance measurement, each circuit element of this circuit outputs a regular set voltage for charging and a low voltage at which a constant-frequency discharge current flows from the sealed lead-acid battery to the load at a constant cycle. It is determined as follows.
【００１７】シャント抵抗５の両端には、放電電流値に
比例した電流波形が得られる。そしてシャント抵抗５の
両端には、交流電圧増幅部３ａの入力部が接続されてい
る。この交流電圧増幅部３ａは、シャント抵抗５の両端
に現れる電流波形を後のＡ／Ｄコンバータ３ｂによるＡ
／Ｄ変換に必要な値まで電流波形を増幅する。交流電圧
増幅部３ａの出力部に接続されたＡ／Ｄコンバータ３ｂ
によりデジタル信号に変換された放電電流波形は、図３
に示すようにマイクロプロセッサ７で実現される第１の
フーリエ変換手段７１に入力されてフーリエ変換され
る。この第１のフーリエ変換手段７１は、Ａ／Ｄコンバ
ータ３ｂから出力された放電電流の放電電流波形をフー
リエ変換して、前述の充電装置１の出力電圧によって定
まる一定周波数（以下、放電周波数という）を基本周波
数とする放電電流波形のフーリエ変換値を出力する。第
１のフーリエ変換手段７１がフリーエ変換を行うタイミ
ング及び前述の一定周波数は、充電装置１を制御する制
御信号を出力する放電制御部７５からの指令に基づいて
定まる。At both ends of the shunt resistor 5, a current waveform proportional to the discharge current value is obtained. The input of the AC voltage amplifier 3a is connected to both ends of the shunt resistor 5. The AC voltage amplifying unit 3a converts the current waveform appearing at both ends of the shunt resistor 5 into an A / D
The current waveform is amplified to a value required for / D conversion. A / D converter 3b connected to the output of AC voltage amplifier 3a
The discharge current waveform converted into a digital signal by
As shown in (1), it is input to the first Fourier transform means 71 realized by the microprocessor 7 and subjected to Fourier transform. The first Fourier transform means 71 performs a Fourier transform on the discharge current waveform of the discharge current output from the A / D converter 3b, and a constant frequency (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge frequency) determined by the output voltage of the charging device 1 described above. And outputs a Fourier transform value of a discharge current waveform having a fundamental frequency of The timing at which the first Fourier transform unit 71 performs the Fourier transform and the above-described constant frequency are determined based on a command from the discharge control unit 75 that outputs a control signal for controlling the charging device 1.
【００１８】また、密閉型鉛蓄電池２の両端には交流電
圧増幅部３ｃの入力端が接続されている。この交流電圧
増幅部３ｃも、前述の交流電圧増幅部３ａと同様に、後
のＡ／Ｄコンバータ３ｄによるＡ／Ｄ変換に必要な値ま
で電池電圧を増幅する。交流電圧増幅部３ｃの出力部に
は、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ３ｄが接続されており、Ａ／Ｄコ
ンバータ３ｄによりデジタル信号に変換された電池電圧
応答波形は、マイクロプロセッサ７によって実現される
図３の第２のフーリエ変換手段７２に入力されてフーリ
エ変換される。この第２のフーリエ変換手段７２は、Ａ
／Ｄコンバータ３ｄから出力された放電電圧応答波形を
フーリエ変換して、前述の放電周波数を基本周波数とす
る電圧応答波形のフーリエ変換値を出力する。An input terminal of an AC voltage amplifier 3c is connected to both ends of the sealed lead-acid battery 2. The AC voltage amplifying unit 3c also amplifies the battery voltage to a value necessary for A / D conversion by the A / D converter 3d later, similarly to the above-described AC voltage amplifying unit 3a. An A / D converter 3d is connected to the output of the AC voltage amplifying unit 3c, and the battery voltage response waveform converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 3d is realized by the microprocessor 7 in FIG. The signal is input to the second Fourier transform means 72 and Fourier transformed. The second Fourier transform means 72 calculates A
A Fourier transform is performed on the discharge voltage response waveform output from the / D converter 3d, and a Fourier transform value of the voltage response waveform having the discharge frequency as a basic frequency is output.
【００１９】上記例において、シャント抵抗５、交流電
圧増幅部３ａ及びＡ／Ｄコンバータ３ｂによって放電電
流検出手段が構成され、交流電圧増幅部３ｃ及びＡ／Ｄ
コンバータ３ｄによって放電電圧検出手段が構成されて
いる。In the above example, the shunt resistor 5, the AC voltage amplifier 3a and the A / D converter 3b constitute a discharge current detecting means, and the AC voltage amplifier 3c and the A / D
The converter 3d constitutes a discharge voltage detecting means.
【００２０】図３におけるインピーダンス演算手段７
３、劣化判定部７４及び放電制御部７５はいずれもマイ
クロプロセッサ７によって実現される。表示部４はＬＥ
Ｄセグメント等を用いたものでマイクロプロセッサ７に
よって実現される表示制御部を通して劣化判定部の結果
等を表示する。なおこの例では劣化判定部７４が表示制
御部の機能を有していて、インピーダンス演算手段７３
で演算した演算結果を表示部４に表示させ、内部インピ
ーダンスが予め定めた値以上になると表示部４の表示を
点滅させる等して寿命の到来を表示するようにように構
成されている。なお劣化判定部７４の構成は、インピー
ダンス演算手段７３で演算した演算結果を表示部４に表
示させるだけもよいが、インピーダンス演算手段７３で
演算した演算結果を用いて公知の寿命判定技術で寿命を
判定して、その結果を表示部４に表示させるように構成
してもよいのは勿論である。The impedance calculation means 7 in FIG.
3. The deterioration determination unit 74 and the discharge control unit 75 are all realized by the microprocessor 7. The display unit 4 is LE
The result of the deterioration judgment unit is displayed through a display control unit realized by the microprocessor 7 using a D segment or the like. In this example, the deterioration determination unit 74 has the function of the display control unit, and the impedance calculation unit 73
Is displayed on the display unit 4, and when the internal impedance becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the display on the display unit 4 is blinked to indicate the end of life. Note that the configuration of the deterioration determination unit 74 may be such that the calculation result calculated by the impedance calculation unit 73 is simply displayed on the display unit 4, but the life calculated by the known calculation method by the impedance calculation unit 73 is used to determine the life. It is a matter of course that the determination may be made and the result may be displayed on the display unit 4.
【００２１】この例では、インピーダンス測定（寿命判
定）の指令はマイクロプロセッサ７に接続している入力
スイッチ部８を通じて行うようにしている。即ち、この
例では、常時劣化状態を判定せずに、必要なときに入力
スイッチ部８をオン状態として、そのときだけ劣化状態
の判定を行う。このようにすると、節電が図れるだけで
なく、表示部４として専用の表示手段を設けることな
く、他の特性の表示に用いる表示手段を兼用することが
できる。In this example, a command for impedance measurement (life determination) is made through an input switch section 8 connected to a microprocessor 7. That is, in this example, the input switch section 8 is turned on when necessary, and the deterioration state is determined only at that time, without always determining the deterioration state. With this configuration, not only power saving can be achieved, but also a display unit used for displaying other characteristics can be used as the display unit 4 without providing a dedicated display unit.
【００２２】次に本実施例の動作を説明する。充電装置
１は通常運転では負荷６に直流電流を供給するとともに
密閉型鉛蓄電池２を浮動充電している。密閉型鉛蓄電池
２の劣化状態を判定しようとする際、すなわち、密閉型
鉛蓄電池２の内部インピーダンスの測定を行おうとする
ときには、入力スイッチ部８からの入力でマイクロプロ
セッサ７の放電制御部７５から放電制御指令を出力す
る。充電装置１は、放電制御指令を受けとると、密閉型
鉛蓄電池２の充電のための通常の設定電圧と密閉型鉛蓄
電池２から放電電流が流れる低い電圧（通常の設定電圧
よりも低い電圧）とを一定の周波数で出力する。充電装
置１の出力電圧が、設定電圧より低い電圧になると密閉
型鉛蓄電池２から負荷６及びシャント抵抗５に放電電流
が流れ、設定電圧のときは充電装置１から負荷６へ電力
が供給されるとともに密閉型鉛蓄電池２は浮動充電され
る。これにより負荷６への電力の供給に支障を与えるこ
となく、密閉型鉛蓄電池２からは上述の放電周波数の放
電電流が流れることになる。マイクロプロセッサ７はこ
の放電電流が流れる時の放電電流波形と電圧応答波形の
データを取り込み処理する。すなわち、マイクロプロセ
ッサ７は、交流電圧増幅部３ａと３ｃとで増幅された密
閉型鉛蓄電池２の放電電流波形と電圧応答波形のデータ
をそれぞれＡ／Ｄコンバータ３ｂと３ｄを通してデジタ
ル信号として取り込み、マイクロプロセッサ７の第１及
び第２のフーリエ変換手段７１及び７２でそれぞれ放電
周波数を基本とする放電電流波形と電圧応答波形のフー
リエ変換値を求める。この例では、放電制御部７５から
与えられるタイミングで、第１及び第２のフーリエ変換
手段７１及び７２がフーリエ変換を行い、かつインピー
ダンス演算手段７３がインピーダンスの演算を行う。マ
イクロプロセッサ７のインピーダンス演算手段７３で
は、求められた電圧応答波形のフーリエ変換値を前述の
放電電流波形のフーリエ変換値で除して（割って）、蓄
電池の内部インピーダンスを求める。マイクロプロセッ
サ７の劣化判定部７４では得られた内部インピーダンス
を基に密閉型鉛蓄電池２の劣化状態を判定する。得られ
た内部インピーダンス値、密閉型鉛蓄電池２の劣化状態
の判定結果等については表示部４に表示するようにして
いる。以上の内部インピーダンス測定が終了すると充電
装置１は、マイクロプロセッサ７の放電制御部により通
常の浮動充電状態に戻る。Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. In normal operation, the charging device 1 supplies a direct current to the load 6 and float-charges the sealed lead-acid battery 2. When the degradation state of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 is to be determined, that is, when the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 is to be measured, the discharge control unit 75 of the microprocessor 7 receives an input from the input switch unit 8. Outputs a discharge control command. When receiving the discharge control command, charging device 1 sets a normal set voltage for charging sealed lead-acid battery 2 and a low voltage (a voltage lower than the normal set voltage) at which a discharge current flows from sealed lead-acid battery 2. Is output at a constant frequency. When the output voltage of the charging device 1 becomes lower than the set voltage, a discharge current flows from the sealed lead-acid battery 2 to the load 6 and the shunt resistor 5, and when the output voltage is the set voltage, power is supplied from the charging device 1 to the load 6. At the same time, the sealed lead-acid battery 2 is floatingly charged. As a result, the discharge current having the above-described discharge frequency flows from the sealed lead-acid battery 2 without hindering the supply of power to the load 6. The microprocessor 7 takes in and processes data of the discharge current waveform and the voltage response waveform when the discharge current flows. That is, the microprocessor 7 takes in the data of the discharge current waveform and the voltage response waveform of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 amplified by the AC voltage amplifiers 3a and 3c as digital signals through the A / D converters 3b and 3d, respectively. First and second Fourier transform means 71 and 72 of the processor 7 respectively obtain Fourier transform values of the discharge current waveform and the voltage response waveform based on the discharge frequency. In this example, the first and second Fourier transform means 71 and 72 perform a Fourier transform at the timing given from the discharge control unit 75, and the impedance computing means 73 computes the impedance. The impedance calculating means 73 of the microprocessor 7 divides (divides) the obtained Fourier transform value of the voltage response waveform by the Fourier transform value of the discharge current waveform to obtain the internal impedance of the storage battery. The deterioration determination unit 74 of the microprocessor 7 determines the deterioration state of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 based on the obtained internal impedance. The obtained internal impedance value, the determination result of the deterioration state of the sealed lead-acid battery 2 and the like are displayed on the display unit 4. When the above-described internal impedance measurement is completed, the charging device 1 returns to the normal floating charge state by the discharge control unit of the microprocessor 7.
【００２３】このように本発明では充電装置１の出力電
圧を制御することにより密閉型鉛蓄電池２を放電させる
ようにしているため、専用の交流電流通電部が不要とな
り、また、放電周波数成分のフーリエ変換値により内部
インピーダンス値を算出するようにしているため、ノイ
ズ，リプル電圧成分などの影響を受けず正確な内部イン
ピーダンス測定が可能となる。As described above, according to the present invention, since the sealed lead-acid battery 2 is discharged by controlling the output voltage of the charging device 1, a dedicated AC current passing section is not required, and the discharge frequency component of the discharge frequency component is not required. Since the internal impedance value is calculated based on the Fourier transform value, accurate internal impedance measurement can be performed without being affected by noise, ripple voltage components, and the like.
【００２４】次に、１２Ｖ，６．５Ａｈの密閉型鉛蓄電
池を備えた電源装置とした実施例において内部インピー
ダンス測定を行った例を示す。充電装置１の浮動充電時
の設定電圧は１３．６５Ｖ、放電時の設定電圧は１０．
９Ｖ、負荷６は約１Ａ流れる負荷である。充電装置１へ
の出力電圧の切換周期は３２ｍｓｅｃ、Ａ／Ｄコンバー
タ３ｂと３ｄのサンプリング間隔は０．５ｍｓｅｃであ
る。従って放電電流の１周期は６４ｍｓｅｃであり、放
電周波数15.625Ｈｚの内部インピーダンスを測定するこ
とになる。この測定を行ったときの放電電流波形を図４
に、電圧応答波形を図５に示す。この波形を高速フーリ
エ変換でフーリエ変換した結果、電流波形の放電周波数
15.625Ｈｚの成分は０．７００Ａ、電圧応答波形の放電
周波数15.625Ｈｚの成分は３０．３ｍＶであった。従っ
て、放電周波数15.652Ｈｚの内部インピーダンスは３
０．３（ｍＶ）／０．７００（Ａ）＝４３．３（ｍΩ）
であった。この値は同一電池を高精度のインピーダンス
測定装置で測定した値４４．６（ｍΩ）とほぼ同じ値で
あり、本発明でもインピーダンス測定装置とほぼ同じ値
が得られた。その結果、得られた内部インピーダンス値
に基づいて従来よりも高い精度で劣化状態を判定するこ
とが可能になることが分かった。Next, an example in which the internal impedance was measured in an embodiment in which a power supply device provided with a sealed lead-acid battery of 12 V and 6.5 Ah is shown. The set voltage at the time of floating charge of the charging device 1 is 13.65 V, and the set voltage at the time of discharge is 10.
9V, the load 6 is a load that flows about 1A. The switching cycle of the output voltage to the charging device 1 is 32 msec, and the sampling interval between the A / D converters 3b and 3d is 0.5 msec. Therefore, one cycle of the discharge current is 64 msec, and the internal impedance at the discharge frequency of 15.625 Hz is measured. FIG. 4 shows the discharge current waveform when this measurement was performed.
FIG. 5 shows a voltage response waveform. As a result of Fourier transform of this waveform by fast Fourier transform, the discharge frequency of the current waveform
The component at 15.625 Hz was 0.700 A, and the component at the discharge frequency of 15.625 Hz in the voltage response waveform was 30.3 mV. Therefore, the internal impedance at the discharge frequency of 15.652 Hz is 3
0.3 (mV) /0.700 (A) = 43.3 (mΩ)
Met. This value is almost the same as the value 44.6 (mΩ) measured by the high-precision impedance measuring device for the same battery, and the same value as the impedance measuring device was obtained in the present invention. As a result, it was found that it is possible to determine the state of deterioration with higher accuracy than in the past, based on the obtained internal impedance value.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように、本発明によれば、専
用の交流電流通電部を設けることなく、充電装置の設定
電圧を周期的に切り換えることによって密閉型鉛蓄電池
から負荷電流を周期的に放電し、内部インピーダンスを
測定することができる。また、測定が行われている間も
負荷への電力供給は継続されており、負荷の運転を中断
することなく密閉型鉛蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定
ができる点でも優れている。また、フーリエ変換を行う
ことにより放電周期成分以外の周波数成分を除去するた
め、ノイズ，リプル電圧などの影響も受けることなく正
確な密閉型鉛蓄電池の内部インピーダンス測定ができる
点でも優れている。As described above, according to the present invention, the load current is periodically switched from the sealed lead-acid battery by periodically switching the set voltage of the charging device without providing a dedicated AC current flow section. And the internal impedance can be measured. In addition, the power supply to the load is continued even while the measurement is being performed, which is excellent in that the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery can be measured without interrupting the operation of the load. In addition, since the frequency components other than the discharge cycle component are removed by performing the Fourier transform, it is excellent in that the internal impedance of the sealed lead-acid battery can be accurately measured without being affected by noise, ripple voltage and the like.
【図１】本発明の密閉型鉛蓄電池を備えた電源装置の実
施の形態の一例の構成のブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a configuration of an example of an embodiment of a power supply device including a sealed lead storage battery of the present invention.
【図２】充電装置の一例を示す回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a charging device.
【図３】マイクロプイロセッサ７で実現する手段を示す
ブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a unit realized by the micro-pile processor 7;
【図４】密閉型鉛蓄電池の放電電流波形を示す特性線図
である。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a discharge current waveform of the sealed lead-acid battery.
【図５】密閉型鉛蓄電池の電圧応答波形を示す特性線図
である。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a voltage response waveform of the sealed lead-acid battery.
１ 充電装置 ２ 密閉型鉛蓄電池 ４ 表示部 ５ シャント抵抗 ６ 負荷 ７ マイクロプロセッサ ８ 入力スイッチ部 ３ａ，３ｃ 交流電圧増幅部 ３ｂ，３ｄ Ａ／Ｄコンバータ ７１ 第１のフーリエ変換手段 ７２ 第２のフーリエ変換手段 ７３ インピーダンス演算手段 ７４ 劣化判定部 ７５ 放電制御部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Charging device 2 Sealed lead storage battery 4 Display unit 5 Shunt resistor 6 Load 7 Microprocessor 8 Input switch unit 3a, 3c AC voltage amplifying unit 3b, 3d A / D converter 71 First Fourier transform means 72 Second Fourier transform Means 73 Impedance calculation means 74 Deterioration determination unit 75 Discharge control unit
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21006996AJP3564885B2 (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1996-08-08 | Power supply with sealed lead-acid battery |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21006996AJP3564885B2 (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1996-08-08 | Power supply with sealed lead-acid battery |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH1056744Atrue JPH1056744A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
| JP3564885B2 JP3564885B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21006996AExpired - Fee RelatedJP3564885B2 (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1996-08-08 | Power supply with sealed lead-acid battery |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3564885B2 (en) |
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