【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、加温による熱作用
により透明状態と白濁状態を可逆変化する曇点現象を示
す水溶液組成物を内包する透明なガラス棒状体を透明基
板に積層して水溶液組成物を分割してなるパネルに関す
るものである。このパネルを窓に利用すると太陽の直射
光線をその直射光線エネルギーで遮光できる新しい機能
をもつ窓を提供できる。より具体的にはアトリュム、天
窓、ドームや競技場の屋根、東西面の窓、目線より上の
南面の窓、温室、車両のサンルーフ等夏季の太陽直射光
線を遮光したい箇所に広く利用できる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an aqueous solution prepared by laminating a transparent glass rod body containing an aqueous solution composition exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon in which a transparent state and a cloudy state are reversibly changed by a heat action by heating on a transparent substrate. The present invention relates to a panel obtained by dividing a composition. When this panel is used as a window, it is possible to provide a window with a new function that can block the direct rays of the sun with its direct ray energy. More specifically, it can be widely used in places where it is desired to block direct sunlight in the summer, such as atriums, skylights, dome and stadium roofs, east-west windows, south windows above the line of sight, greenhouses, and vehicle sunroofs.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】本発明者は、太陽光エネルギーが窓に照
射していることに注目してきた。このエネルギーの有無
により、窓ガラスが自律応答して透明−不透明の可逆変
化をおこして、夏季の居住空間をより快適にすることを
検討してきた。この自律応答特性は、直射光照射面のみ
遮光する特長や省エネルギー効果のみならず施工、メン
テナンス、維持費等からも非常に魅力的であることに着
目した。この点から、各種ある調光ガラスの原理からフ
ォトクロミック方式とサーモクロミック方式が選択でき
るが、作用機構が複雑でかつ熱の影響をうけるフォトク
ロミック方式よりも、直射光線の吸収からなる熱作用が
利用できるサーモクロミック方式が優れていると考えて
きた。The present inventor has noticed that sunlight energy is shining on a window. It has been considered that the presence or absence of this energy causes the window glass to autonomously make a transparent-opaque reversible change to make the living space in summer more comfortable. We paid attention to the fact that this autonomous response characteristic is very attractive not only in terms of the feature of shielding only the direct light irradiation surface and the energy saving effect, but also in terms of construction, maintenance and maintenance costs. From this point, the photochromic method and the thermochromic method can be selected from the principles of various types of light control glass, but the thermal action consisting of absorption of direct rays can be used rather than the photochromic method, which has a complicated action mechanism and is affected by heat. I have thought that the thermochromic method is superior.
【０００３】そこで、本発明者は、サーモクロミック方
式のなかでも加温で白濁散乱して遮光する曇点現象を示
す水溶液組成物に注目し、太陽の直射光線を自律応答制
御することで快適な空間（例えば、建物、車両等）を省
エネルギー的に達成しうる窓を多面的に検討してきた。
本発明に関係するサーモクロミック方式は、冬季は外気
温度が低いため直射光線の照射吸収により加温されて
も、速やかに放熱するので透明状態のままで遮光を起こ
さないが、夏季は直射光線が照射した部分のみが選択的
に遮光できる。この原理を応用することで自律応答型の
新しい窓を提供でき、本発明者はこの課題を一貫して追
求してきた。曇点現象を示す水溶性組成物は、水を溶媒
としたライオトロピック型の高分子コレステリック液
晶、高分子水溶液等がある。以下、本発明者が、鋭意検
討してきた曇点現象、すなわち加温により相転移を起こ
し白濁遮光する水溶性高分子の水溶液を主にのべるが、
これに限定されることなく水溶媒からなる可逆的に曇点
現象を示す水溶性組成物であれば本発明の構造を利用し
うる。[0003] Therefore, the present inventor paid attention to an aqueous solution composition exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon in which it is clouded and scattered by heating and shields light from among the thermochromic systems, and is comfortable by controlling the direct response of the direct rays of the sun. We have studied various aspects of windows that can achieve space (eg, buildings, vehicles, etc.) in an energy-saving manner.
The thermochromic method related to the present invention does not cause light shielding in the transparent state because it quickly radiates heat even if it is heated by irradiation absorption of direct rays because the outside air temperature is low in winter, but direct rays in summer. Only the irradiated part can be shielded selectively. By applying this principle, a new window of autonomous response type can be provided, and the present inventor has consistently pursued this problem. Water-soluble compositions exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon include lyotropic polymer cholesteric liquid crystals using water as a solvent, polymer aqueous solutions, and the like. Hereinafter, the present inventor has mainly studied the cloud point phenomenon that has been earnestly studied, that is, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer that causes a phase transition due to heating and becomes cloudy and light-shielded.
Without being limited to this, the structure of the present invention can be used as long as it is a water-soluble composition that reversibly exhibits a cloud point phenomenon that is composed of an aqueous solvent.
【０００４】本発明者は、曇点現象を示す水溶性高分子
の水溶液組成物の積層体を窓に使用することに関し鋭意
検討してきた。その結果、窓の使用のためには、均一な
可逆安定性、室温に近い相転移温度、耐候性、安全性、
耐透水性等おおくの項目を満たす必要があった。均一な
可逆安定性は両親媒性物質の添加等による水溶液の組成
設計でよく、室温に近い相転移温度は低温シフト剤の添
加でよく、耐候性は紫外線の吸収・カットでよく、安全
性は安全な化合物からなる水溶液の組成設計でよく、残
る耐透水性をより十分にすべく最後の課題として本発明
者は鋭意検討してきた。この曇点現象を示す水溶性高分
子の水溶液組成物の特性（例えば、均一可逆性、白濁強
度、白濁開始温度、白濁変化率等）は、濃度、すなわち
水溶液組成物の水の割合に影響するので透水を押さえ込
む必要があった。また、通常広い面状態で使用される窓
に使用した場合に水が透水して気泡の発生をみると、均
一な遮光が不可能となるので水の透水による蒸発をおさ
えることは非常に重要な課題であった。例えば、カーテ
ンに例えると部分的に穴があいて光線がもれてしまう欠
陥カーテンと同様の状態になる。よって、完全に透水を
防止する構造と僅かな部分で水分子が透過するが長期間
の実使用に絶えうる構造であればよい。特に自動車のよ
うに非常に苛酷な使用条件に絶えうるには、完全に透水
を防止する構造が望ましい。例えば、１００℃、１２０
℃等の温度での超加速温度テストでは水溶液組成物は沸
騰状態を示すがこれにも絶える構造を要求された。ま
た、建物でも１００℃以上の温度に絶える要求もある。
このように、本発明の透水を防止する技術は、水溶液組
成物の積層体を窓に応用する場合に限定的な使用でなく
自動車の窓まで含めて一般化するためには必須の重要な
課題であった。The inventor of the present invention has earnestly studied using a laminate of an aqueous solution composition of a water-soluble polymer showing a cloud point phenomenon in a window. As a result, for the use of windows, uniform reversible stability, phase transition temperature close to room temperature, weather resistance, safety,
It was necessary to satisfy many items such as water permeability. The uniform reversible stability may be due to the composition design of the aqueous solution by adding an amphipathic substance, etc., the phase transition temperature near room temperature may be the addition of a low temperature shift agent, the weather resistance may be the absorption / cutting of ultraviolet rays, and the safety is The present inventor has diligently studied as the final subject in order to make the composition design of an aqueous solution containing a safe compound sufficient, and to make the remaining water permeation resistance more sufficient. Properties of an aqueous solution composition of a water-soluble polymer exhibiting this cloud point phenomenon (for example, uniform reversibility, cloudiness intensity, cloudiness starting temperature, cloudiness change rate, etc.) affect the concentration, that is, the ratio of water in the solution composition. So it was necessary to hold down the water permeability. In addition, when water is used to permeate a window that is normally used in a wide surface state, and if bubbles are observed, it is impossible to evenly block light, so it is very important to suppress evaporation due to water permeation. It was a challenge. For example, if it is compared to a curtain, it will be in the same state as a defective curtain in which there are holes and light rays leak. Therefore, a structure that completely prevents water permeation and a structure that allows water molecules to permeate a small portion but can be practically used for a long period of time may be used. In particular, a structure that completely prevents water permeation is desirable in order to be able to withstand extremely harsh usage conditions such as in automobiles. For example, 100 ° C, 120
In the super-acceleration temperature test at a temperature such as ℃, the aqueous solution composition shows a boiling state, but it is required to have a structure that can withstand this. In addition, there is a demand for a building to keep its temperature above 100 ° C.
As described above, the technique of preventing water permeation according to the present invention is an important and essential issue for generalizing not only limited use but also automobile windows when the laminate of the aqueous solution composition is applied to windows. Met.
【０００５】従来、水分子の透水性を押さえる技術とし
て実用化されてる複層ガラス用のポリイソブチレン系、
ポリサルファイド系等のシーラントは、本課題にも有効
である。しかし、水溶液組成物と板ガラスからなる積層
体に上記のシーラントで封止しても特に８０℃以上の耐
熱性に関しては不十分であり大きな気泡の発生をみた。
実際、複層ガラスにおいても内部に乾燥剤を設けて透水
してきた水分子を吸収する方法でしのいでいるのが現状
である。他にアクリル系、エポキシ系の封止剤も検討し
たが同様であった。すなわち、有機系の封止剤で水分子
の透過を封止しきるのは不可能であり、特に８０℃以上
の温度になると封止剤の分子運動が活発になり急激に透
水性が大きくなる。例えば、耐透水性が最良とされてい
るポリイソブチレン系シーラント（横浜ゴム社のハマタ
イトＰＲＣ−４８８−Ｙ）では、２０℃：０．０２ｇ／
平方メートル・日、４０℃：０．５ｇ／平方メートル・
日であり室温から２０℃の上昇で２５倍の増加であるこ
とからも明らかである。そこで、例えば、本発明者によ
る特願平６−１９８９４２は、外周の封止を２段封止構
造とし、この第１封止と第２封止の間に水の飽和蒸気お
よび／または液体をもつ捕水層を設けて捕水層と水溶液
組成物との間に平衡状態をもたせる方法を発明した。こ
れは、乾燥剤の逆の発想である捕水層を設けて緩衝させ
て水溶液組成物の水の蒸発を防止する方法であり効果的
であった。しかし、より確実に水の透水性を完全に封止
しきるには無機封止が望ましい。そこで、電子ディバイ
ス等に使用されている低融点ガラス、低温無機ハンダ等
の利用による工夫も検討したが窓ガラスのような１ｍ角
以上の大きい積層構造体の４辺を無機封止することは実
用的には困難であり、かつ均一なギャップ形成、均一加
熱のために大型炉を必要とし設備投資が膨大となる。ま
た当然、封止温度の関係から封止形成後に注入孔から水
溶液組成物の注入が必須となるので高粘度の水溶液組成
物には使用できない。この高粘度の水溶液組成物の注入
が不可能となると、最も重要な均一な可逆安定性を損な
うことになる。それの原因は、太陽光線の選択照射によ
り部分的に加温されると、水溶液組成物が低粘度である
と対流がおこり大きな面的なむらの発生をみて使用でき
るものではなかった。よって、４辺を無機封止する構造
は実用になりえないといえる。そこで、本発明者は、太
陽直射光線を常に浴びる苛酷な条件でも耐えうる構造を
鋭意検討した結果、可逆的に曇点現象を示す水溶液組成
物を一度透明なガラス棒状体に内包封止した部品にした
て分割構造体とし、この内包透明棒状体と透明基板とで
面状に積層して結果的に大面積のパネルにする構造に到
達して課題を解決して本発明に至った。その結果、ガラ
ス棒状体の分割構造の採用により完全な無機封止または
準無機封止（両端部のみ有機封止）となり透水を防止で
き気泡の問題を実質的に止めることができた。また、ガ
ラス棒状体を地面にほぼ水平状態に配置すれば、ガラス
棒状体の分割構造の効果により内包液が低粘度の水溶液
組成物であっても対流（白濁部の上下移動による面的な
むらの発生）を防止でき均一な白濁遮光状態を維持でき
た。また封止工程で端部に残存しうる気泡、有機封止の
ため経時的に発生しうる可能性のある気泡は、やはりガ
ラス棒状体の分割構造の効果により小さな気泡の合体に
よる大気泡化や気泡移動もおきずに均一な白濁遮光状態
を維持でき非常に効果的であった。なお、この端部の気
泡は、実使用時においては枠構造内に隠れるので全く悪
影響はなかった。また、従来の非分割の単純積層体で
は、容易に添加剤（例えば、白濁開始温度の調整剤等）
は自己拡散による均一化を起こしてしまいより高度な機
能性を付加できなかったが、ガラス棒状体の分割構造に
より自己拡散を防止できるのでより高度な機能性窓シス
テムをうることができた。さらに重要なことは、従来の
非分割の単純に積層された積層体では、水溶液組成物が
自重により上部から下部へ移動して下部が膨らむととも
に上部に大きな気泡の発生を生み、バランスがとれるま
で下部の膨らみと気泡の拡大をみた。しかし、この水溶
液組成物が分割構造で積層されパネル化すると、この問
題は確実にかつ完全に解決した。Conventionally, a polyisobutylene-based material for double glazing, which has been put into practical use as a technique for suppressing the water permeability of water molecules,
Sealants such as polysulfides are also effective for this problem. However, even when the laminate composed of the aqueous solution composition and the plate glass was sealed with the above-mentioned sealant, the heat resistance at 80 ° C. or higher was insufficient and large bubbles were observed.
In fact, even in the case of double glazing, it is the current situation that a method of absorbing a water molecule that has permeated water by providing a desiccant inside is surpassed. In addition to this, acrylic type and epoxy type sealants were examined, but the results were the same. That is, it is impossible to completely block the permeation of water molecules with an organic sealant, and especially at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, the molecular motion of the sealant becomes active and the water permeability rapidly increases. For example, in the case of polyisobutylene-based sealant (Hamatite PRC-488-Y manufactured by Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.), which has the best water resistance, 20 ° C .: 0.02 g /
Square meter / day, 40 ° C: 0.5 g / square meter /
It is also a day, and it is also clear from a 25-fold increase when the temperature rises from room temperature to 20 ° C. Therefore, for example, in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-198942 by the present inventor, the outer periphery is sealed with a two-stage sealing structure, and saturated steam and / or liquid of water is provided between the first sealing and the second sealing. The present invention has invented a method of providing a water trapping layer having a water trapping layer and having an equilibrium state between the water trapping layer and the aqueous solution composition. This is a method of preventing evaporation of water of the aqueous solution composition by providing and buffering a water catching layer, which is the reverse idea of the desiccant, and was effective. However, inorganic sealing is desirable in order to more completely seal the water permeability. Therefore, we have considered ways to use low-melting-point glass and low-temperature inorganic solder that are used for electronic devices, etc., but it is practical to seal the four sides of a large laminated structure of 1 m square or more such as window glass with inorganic material. However, a large furnace is required for uniform gap formation and uniform heating, resulting in enormous capital investment. In addition, naturally, it is necessary to inject the aqueous solution composition from the injection hole after the sealing is formed due to the sealing temperature, and therefore it cannot be used for a highly viscous aqueous solution composition. The impossibility of injecting this highly viscous aqueous solution composition impairs the most important homogeneous reversible stability. The cause of this is that when it is partially heated by selective irradiation of sunlight, convection occurs when the aqueous solution composition has a low viscosity, and large surface unevenness is generated, so that it cannot be used. Therefore, it can be said that the structure in which the four sides are sealed with inorganic material cannot be practically used. Therefore, the present inventor diligently studied a structure capable of withstanding the harsh conditions that are always exposed to the direct rays of the sun, and as a result, a component in which an aqueous solution composition reversibly showing a cloud point phenomenon is once encapsulated in a transparent glass rod-shaped body. As a result, the present invention has been achieved by solving the problem by arriving at a structure in which a split structure is formed, and the inclusion transparent rod-shaped body and the transparent substrate are laminated in a plane to result in a large-area panel. As a result, the adoption of the divided structure of the glass rod-shaped material resulted in complete inorganic sealing or semi-inorganic sealing (organic sealing only at both ends), water permeation could be prevented, and the problem of bubbles could be substantially stopped. Moreover, if the glass rods are placed in a substantially horizontal state on the ground, convection (even if the entrapping liquid is a low-viscosity aqueous composition due to the effect of the divided structure of the glass rods causes surface unevenness due to vertical movement of the cloudy portion). It was possible to prevent the occurrence of) and to maintain a uniform white opaque state. In addition, the bubbles that may remain at the ends in the sealing process and the bubbles that may occur over time due to the organic sealing are also large bubbles due to the coalescence of small bubbles due to the effect of the divided structure of the glass rod. It was very effective because it could maintain a uniform white opaque state without bubbles moving. It should be noted that the bubbles at the ends were hidden in the frame structure during actual use and had no adverse effect. In addition, in the conventional non-divided simple laminate, an additive (for example, an agent for adjusting the cloudiness starting temperature) is easily added.
Could not add more advanced functionality because it caused homogenization due to self-diffusion, but it was possible to obtain a more advanced functional window system because self-diffusion could be prevented by the divided structure of the glass rod. More importantly, in a conventional non-divided, simply laminated laminate, the aqueous solution composition moves from the upper part to the lower part by its own weight and swells the lower part, and also produces large bubbles in the upper part until balanced. I saw a bulge at the bottom and an expansion of bubbles. However, when this aqueous solution composition was laminated in a divided structure to form a panel, this problem was surely and completely solved.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】解決しようとする課題
は、可逆的に曇点現象を示す水溶液組成物の透水を防止
して気泡の発生を押さえかつ均一な白濁遮光状態をも維
持できる構造をもつ透明なパネルをうることである。こ
のパネルを用いて太陽の直射光線に自律応答してその光
線を遮光する新しい機能をもつ高耐久性の省エネ窓をう
ることである。The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a structure capable of preventing water permeation of an aqueous solution composition exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon reversibly to suppress the generation of bubbles and to maintain a uniform cloudy shading state. It is to get a transparent panel. Using this panel, it is possible to obtain a highly durable energy-saving window that has a new function of automatically responding to the direct rays of the sun and blocking the rays.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、前述の問題点
を解決するためになされたものであり、可逆的に曇点現
象を示す水溶液組成物を透明基板で積層したパネルにお
いて、水溶液組成物を内包してる透明なガラス棒状体を
透明基板に面状に積層して水溶液組成物を分割してなる
パネルであり、および可逆的に曇点現象を示す水溶液組
成物を透明基板で積層したパネルを使用した窓におい
て、水溶液組成物を内包してる透明なガラス棒状体を透
明基板に面状に積層して水溶液組成物を分割してなるパ
ネルを使用した窓を提供するものである。The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in a panel in which an aqueous solution composition exhibiting a cloud point phenomenon reversibly is laminated on a transparent substrate, the aqueous solution composition A transparent glass rod-shaped body containing a product is laminated on a transparent substrate in a plane to divide an aqueous solution composition, and an aqueous solution composition exhibiting a reversible cloud point phenomenon is laminated on a transparent substrate. A window using a panel is provided, in which a transparent glass rod-shaped body containing an aqueous solution composition is planarly laminated on a transparent substrate to divide the aqueous solution composition.
【０００８】つぎに、本発明を主に断面構造を基にして
説明をする。図１、図２、図３、図４、図５、図６、図
７、図８、図９は、本発明の実施例であり、１は透明な
基板であり、２は水を溶媒にもつ可逆的に曇点現象を示
す水溶液組成物（以下水溶液組成物と記す）であり、３
は中空部をもつ透明なガラス棒状体（以下棒状体と記
す）であり、４は気体層であり、５は封止であり、６は
散乱または吸収・反射層であり、７は枠であり、８は乾
燥剤をもつスペーサーでり、９は固定台である。Next, the present invention will be described mainly based on the sectional structure. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 are examples of the present invention, 1 is a transparent substrate, and 2 is water as a solvent. And an aqueous solution composition that exhibits a cloud point phenomenon reversibly (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous solution composition).
Is a transparent glass rod (hereinafter referred to as a rod) having a hollow portion, 4 is a gas layer, 5 is a seal, 6 is a scattering or absorption / reflection layer, and 7 is a frame. , 8 are spacers having a desiccant, and 9 is a fixed base.
【０００９】図１は、本発明の断面図であり、水溶液組
成物２を内包した棒状体３が基板１の間に面状に多数本
積層されて外周を封止５してなるパネルである。棒状体
３は、中空の棒状体３の中空部に水溶液組成物２を入
れ、両端部を封止したものである。この封止は、溶融封
止すなわち無機封止が理想的であるが特にそれに限定さ
れることなく両端部を有機系の封止剤（例えば、ポリイ
ソブチレン系、ポリサルファイド系等のシーラント、エ
ポキシ樹脂等）、キャップ等で封止されてあってもよ
い。特に図示しないが、封止剤、キャップを中空部に埋
め込む構造にすると、簡潔な構造であると共に突起部が
なく多数本を並べて使用する時に隙間ができず有用であ
る。当然、封止剤とキャップを複合的に使用してもよ
い。例えば、特に図示しないがキャップを埋め込んだ後
に封止剤を埋め込む二重構造としてもよい。また、棒状
体３を独立に封止することなく面状に配置して連続的に
両端部を有機封止してもよい。この構造は、特に外径１
０ｍｍ以下の細い棒状体３に有効である。当然、枠、金
属テープ等を介して使用してもよい。つぎに、水溶液組
成物２は、断面部全体が部分的に中空であると光が漏れ
て問題になるが、地面に水平方向に連続的に隙間が空く
ように中空部が存在しても遮光特性に大きな影響がでな
い。よって、断面部の２分の１程度の液量であってもよ
く、また内部に微小気泡が混在しても問題にはならな
い。その理由は、一般的には棒状体３が床に平行になる
ようにパネルが施工されるので、朝日と夕日の一部をの
ぞくと、水溶液組成物２が中空断面部の２分の１程度あ
れば遮光効果が特におおきく減衰することはなく有用に
利用できるからである。また、視覚的にも多数本の棒状
体３が平行に配列した図柄となり気泡の混在が目立たな
かった。また、有機系の封止５から経時的に水分子の透
過により気泡が徐々に発生しても外周の枠ののみ込み部
に隠れ特に問題にならないし、断面部の一部に気泡が存
在しても前記したように特に問題にならなかった。この
点も、棒状体３を使用したパネルの非常に大きな効果で
ある。つぎに、棒状体３の断面形状は、円形に限定され
ることなく三角、四角、六角、楕円、扁平等の異形でも
よい。特に三角形は、三角形の型、三角形の配置角度を
目的にあわせてセットしてやるとプリズム作用を有効利
用でき太陽光を照明用として室内奥に導光できる採光窓
システムにもなる。四角、楕円、扁平の断面形状は、後
記するように外の景色を透視できるパネルには非常に有
用であり、一般の透明な板ガラスに周期的にライン模様
を設けたものとほぼ同様といえ、十分に外の景色を視認
できる快適なパネルも容易にえられた。また、棒状体３
の長さはパネルの横幅１辺の長さを通常使用するが、こ
れも特に限定されることなく短い棒状体３を連続的に配
置してもよい。さらに、棒状体３は、特に図示しないが
直線でなく湾曲、直角、両端部を結合させた円形等でも
よく特に形を限定することなく使用できる。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, which is a panel in which a large number of rod-shaped bodies 3 containing an aqueous solution composition 2 are laminated between substrates 1 in a planar manner and the outer periphery is sealed 5. . The rod-shaped body 3 is obtained by putting the aqueous solution composition 2 into the hollow portion of the hollow rod-shaped body 3 and sealing both ends. This sealing is ideally a melt sealing, that is, an inorganic sealing, but is not particularly limited thereto, and both ends are organic sealing agents (for example, polyisobutylene-based, polysulfide-based sealant, epoxy resin, etc.). ), And may be sealed with a cap or the like. Although not particularly shown, the structure in which the sealant and the cap are embedded in the hollow portion is simple and has no protrusion, and is useful because a gap is not formed when a large number of them are arranged and used. Of course, the sealant and the cap may be used in combination. For example, although not particularly shown, a double structure in which a cap is embedded and then a sealant is embedded may be used. Alternatively, the rod-shaped bodies 3 may be arranged in a planar shape without being individually sealed, and both ends may be continuously organic-sealed. This structure has an outer diameter of 1
It is effective for a thin rod-shaped body 3 having a thickness of 0 mm or less. Of course, it may be used via a frame, a metal tape or the like. Next, the aqueous solution composition 2 has a problem that light leaks when the entire cross section is partially hollow. However, even if there is a hollow part such that a gap is continuously formed on the ground in the horizontal direction, the light is blocked. There is no significant effect on the characteristics. Therefore, the amount of liquid may be about one half of the cross section, and it does not matter even if micro bubbles are mixed inside. The reason is that, generally, the panel is constructed so that the rod-shaped body 3 is parallel to the floor. Therefore, when the morning sun and a part of the sunset are removed, the aqueous solution composition 2 is about half the hollow cross-section. This is because the light-shielding effect is not greatly attenuated and can be usefully utilized. In addition, visually, it was a pattern in which a large number of rod-shaped bodies 3 were arranged in parallel, and the mixture of bubbles was not conspicuous. Further, even if bubbles are gradually generated due to the permeation of water molecules from the organic sealing 5, they are hidden in the swollen portion of the outer frame, and there is no particular problem. However, as mentioned above, there was no particular problem. This point is also a very large effect of the panel using the rod-shaped body 3. Next, the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped body 3 is not limited to a circular shape, but may be a triangle, a square, a hexagon, an ellipse, a flat shape or the like. In particular, if a triangle is set according to the purpose of the shape of the triangle and the arrangement angle of the triangle, the prism function can be effectively used and the sunlight can be guided to the interior of the room for illumination. Square, elliptical, flat cross-sectional shape is very useful for a panel that can see the outside scenery, as will be described later, and it can be said that it is almost the same as a general transparent plate glass with a periodic line pattern, I could easily get a comfortable panel to see the outside scenery. In addition, rod-shaped body 3
Normally, the length of one side of the width of the panel is used, but this is not particularly limited, and the short rod-shaped bodies 3 may be continuously arranged. Further, although not particularly shown, the rod-shaped body 3 may be not straight but curved, right-angled, circular with both ends joined, or the like, and can be used without particular limitation in shape.
【００１０】さらに、棒状体３は内包する水溶液組成物
２を完全に分割した構造にできるので、水溶液組成物２
の組成をかえた棒状体３を目的に合わせてパネル化でき
る。例えば、白濁開始温度を低温シフトするには例え
ば、塩化ナトリウム等、高温シフトするには例えば、プ
ロピレングリコール等の添加量を調整することででき
る。しかし、従来の非分割の単純積層体では、濃度を変
化させても容易に添加剤は自己拡散による均一化を起こ
してしまいより高度な機能性を付加することができなか
った。より具体的には、窓にセットされたパネルを下部
から上部に徐々に白濁開始温度を下げるように設計する
と下部の透視性、透光性を維持しながら上部から入る直
射光線が遮光できる庇と同様な効果が生まれ夏季の南面
窓に特に有効であった。この結果、太陽光線の強弱によ
りパネルの遮光面積とその程度も自然に自律応答して可
変する画期的な高機能性窓システムをうることができ
た。Furthermore, since the rod-shaped body 3 can have a structure in which the aqueous solution composition 2 to be encapsulated is completely divided, the aqueous solution composition 2
The rod-shaped body 3 having a different composition can be formed into a panel according to the purpose. For example, to shift the cloudiness start temperature to a low temperature, for example, sodium chloride or the like can be shifted, and to shift to a high temperature, the addition amount of propylene glycol or the like can be adjusted. However, in the conventional non-divided simple laminated body, even if the concentration is changed, the additive easily causes the homogenization due to self-diffusion, and it is not possible to add higher functionality. More specifically, if the panel set in the window is designed to gradually lower the cloudiness start temperature from the bottom to the top, the eaves that can block the direct rays entering from the top while maintaining the transparency and the transparency of the bottom. A similar effect was created and was especially effective for the south window in summer. As a result, we were able to obtain an epoch-making high-performance window system in which the light-shielding area of the panel and its extent naturally change autonomously depending on the intensity of sunlight.
【００１１】次に、棒状体３の溶融封止をしてみると、
外形が細く肉厚の薄い方がバーナーの炎を細く絞って溶
融封止ができるので封止処理により残存する気泡を小さ
くできた。例えば、水溶液組成物２を内包した外径６ｍ
ｍで肉厚０．５ｍｍのチューブは容易に８ｍｍ程度の気
泡空間をもたせて完全封止した棒状体３をえた。また、
遮光に関しては水溶液組成物２の組成にもよるが直径が
１ｍｍ有れば十分遮光でき特に円形のばあいは肉厚との
比により調光の程度を決めることができる。当然、棒状
体３の外径が大きいほど肉厚が薄いほど遮光率（内径を
外径で割った値）は高くなるが、パネルの厚みと重量の
増加、棒状体３の易破損性等の問題がでてくる。そこ
で、通常は遮光率が同じなら外形の細い方が重量も軽く
なり窓枠も軽構造のサッシでよくなり経済的である。ま
た、軽量化は施工のはめ込み作業も楽にする。この棒状
体３は、例えば、岩城硝子社のＣＯＤＥ７７４０に見ら
れるように多種類のものがあり、さらに加熱延伸法また
は加熱膨張法等の従来技術を加えることで容易に肉厚の
薄いものができ、要するに破損なく使用できればよい。
例えば、外形０．５ｍｍ、肉厚０．１ｍｍ程度の超細管
まで比較的容易に加工できる。また、前記した異形断面
をもつ管も円形管の２次成形加工で製造できる。よっ
て、円形の棒状体３を例にすると、その外径は特に限定
されるものではないが０．５ｍｍから５０ｍｍ程度でよ
く、好ましくは１ｍｍから３０ｍｍでよく、肉厚も特に
限定されるものではないが、外形が大きくなるにつれて
強度的に厚くする必要があが０．０５ｍｍから５ｍｍ程
度でよく、好ましくは０．１ｍｍから３ｍｍ程度がよ
い。例えば、円形の棒状体３で外形１０ｍｍ、肉厚１ｍ
ｍの開口率は８０％であり、外形６ｍｍ、肉厚０．２ｍ
ｍの開口率は９３．３％であり、外形６ｍｍ、肉厚１ｍ
ｍの開口率は６６．６％であり、外形２ｍｍ、肉厚０．
６ｍｍの開口率は４０％となる。また、特に図示しない
が、水溶液組成物２の層厚は０．２ｍｍもあれば十分に
遮光できるので軽量化のために２重構造を採用してもよ
い。水溶液組成物２の層に気体（例えば、空気、窒素、
アルゴン等）をもつ筒、球等を挿入してやるとよい。こ
の構造は気体層の断熱効果も付与でき冷暖房の省エネ効
果に有効である。特に断熱や防音にも効果が出てくる外
形１０ｍｍ以上の棒状体３に有用である。また、水溶液
組成物２を長期間安定的に作動させるために基板１また
は棒状体３が紫外線を吸収・カットする処置をしておく
とよりよい。この紫外線の吸収・カットは、室内の物品
の変退色の防止にもなる。また、棒状体３の配置につい
て全面におくことなく、例えば、水溶液組成物２を内包
する棒状体３と内包してないものとを交互に配置する方
法、水溶液組成物２を内包する棒状体３と遮光体を交互
に配置（入射光量の調整）する方法、あえて１ピッチご
とに隙間をあけて水溶液組成物２を内包する棒状体３を
配置する方法、庇効果と目線確保のために棒状体３を上
部のみに配置する方法等のようにしてもよい。また、基
板１は、一般の板ガラスに限定されるころなくポリカー
ボネイト樹脂、アクリル樹脂等のプラスチック板も利用
できる。さらは、透明フィルム、透明シート等を基板１
に利用してテント型のエアードーム、温室等にも使用で
きる。さらに大切なのは特に図示しないが、棒状体３を
一枚の透明基板に接着剤（例えば、合わせガラス用の感
光性アクリル樹脂、アクリル粘着剤等）を介して接着固
定する単純な積層構造でもよい。これは、パネルの軽量
化と薄型に寄与できるので施工し易くなり、さらに既存
の窓ガラスに直接的に接着固定する施工法もとれるので
既存建物、車両等の改善に非常に有効である。ようする
に、図１のパネルは、太陽光線を遮光しない時以外は一
般の型板ガラスとほぼ同様に太陽光線を室内に導入でき
る。よって、高温環境にある夏季の直射光線は遮光（木
陰の提供）し、低温環境にある冬季の直射光線は従来と
同様に透過（日向の提供）する従来にない省エネ形の型
板ガラスを提供できる。当然、夏季でも曇天、ビルの
影、木陰、夜間の場合は白濁遮光することはない。その
結果、プライバシイを必要とする東面や西面の窓、天
窓、特に外部の景色を透視する必要のないアトリュウ
ム、ドームの屋根、スタジアムの屋根、室内プールの屋
根、駅舎の屋根、アプローチの屋根、南面の目線より上
の部分の窓（庇効果となる）、南面の屋根形傾斜窓、温
室等に非常に有効である。このように、本発明の窓と
は、屋根まで含めた広い意味で使用している。Next, when melt-sealing the rod-shaped body 3,
The thinner outer shape and thinner wall allows the flame of the burner to be narrowed down and melt-sealed, so that the remaining bubbles can be reduced by the sealing treatment. For example, an outer diameter of 6 m containing the aqueous solution composition 2
A tube having a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm easily had a bubble space of about 8 mm to obtain a completely sealed rod-shaped body 3. Also,
Regarding the light shielding, depending on the composition of the aqueous solution composition 2, if the diameter is 1 mm, the light can be sufficiently shielded, and particularly in the case of a circular shape, the degree of light control can be determined by the ratio with the wall thickness. Naturally, the larger the outer diameter of the rod-shaped body 3, the thinner the wall thickness, the higher the light-shielding rate (the value obtained by dividing the inner diameter by the outer diameter), but the increase in the thickness and weight of the panel, the easy breakage of the rod-shaped body 3, and the like. The problem comes out. Therefore, if the light-shielding rate is the same, the thinner the outer shape, the lighter the weight and the lighter the sash of the window frame, which is economical. In addition, the lighter weight makes it easier to fit the work. There are various kinds of rod-shaped bodies 3 as seen in CODE7740 manufactured by Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd. Further, by adding a conventional technique such as a heat drawing method or a heat expansion method, it is possible to easily make a thin one. In short, it only needs to be used without damage.
For example, an ultrafine tube having an outer diameter of 0.5 mm and a wall thickness of about 0.1 mm can be processed relatively easily. Further, a pipe having the above-mentioned irregular cross section can also be manufactured by a secondary forming process of a circular pipe. Therefore, taking the circular rod-shaped body 3 as an example, the outer diameter thereof is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 1 mm to 30 mm, and the wall thickness is also not particularly limited. Although it is not necessary, it is necessary to increase the strength in strength as the outer shape becomes larger, but it may be about 0.05 mm to 5 mm, preferably about 0.1 mm to 3 mm. For example, a circular rod-shaped body 3 has an outer diameter of 10 mm and a wall thickness of 1 m.
The opening ratio of m is 80%, the outer diameter is 6 mm, and the wall thickness is 0.2 m.
The aperture ratio of m is 93.3%, the outer diameter is 6 mm, and the wall thickness is 1 m.
The aperture ratio of m is 66.6%, the outer diameter is 2 mm, and the wall thickness is 0.
The aperture ratio of 6 mm is 40%. Further, although not particularly shown, if the layer thickness of the aqueous solution composition 2 is 0.2 mm, it is possible to sufficiently shield light, so a double structure may be adopted for weight reduction. A layer of the aqueous composition 2 is provided with a gas (eg, air, nitrogen,
It is recommended to insert a tube, sphere, etc. having argon). This structure is also effective for energy saving of cooling and heating, because it can add the heat insulation effect of the gas layer. Particularly, it is useful for the rod-shaped body 3 having an outer diameter of 10 mm or more, which is also effective for heat insulation and sound insulation. In addition, it is preferable that the substrate 1 or the rod-shaped body 3 absorbs and cuts ultraviolet rays in order to stably operate the aqueous solution composition 2 for a long period of time. This absorption / cutting of ultraviolet rays also prevents discoloration and fading of indoor articles. Further, the rod-shaped body 3 is not placed on the entire surface, for example, the rod-shaped body 3 containing the aqueous solution composition 2 and the rod-shaped body 3 not containing the aqueous solution composition 2 are alternately arranged, and the rod-shaped body 3 containing the aqueous solution composition 2 is alternately arranged. And a light-shielding body are alternately arranged (adjustment of the amount of incident light), a method of arranging a bar-shaped body 3 containing the aqueous solution composition 2 with a gap for every pitch, a bar-shaped body for securing an eaves effect and a line of sight. The method of arranging 3 only in the upper portion may be adopted. Further, the substrate 1 is not limited to a general plate glass, but a plastic plate such as a polycarbonate resin or an acrylic resin can be used. Furthermore, a transparent film, a transparent sheet or the like is used as the substrate 1
It can be used for tent type air dome, greenhouse, etc. More importantly, although not particularly shown, a simple laminated structure in which the rod-shaped body 3 is adhered and fixed to one transparent substrate via an adhesive (for example, a photosensitive acrylic resin for laminated glass, an acrylic adhesive, etc.) may be used. This can contribute to the weight reduction and the thinness of the panel, which facilitates the construction. Further, the construction method of directly adhering and fixing to the existing window glass can be adopted, which is very effective for the improvement of the existing building, the vehicle and the like. In this way, the panel of FIG. 1 can introduce sunlight into the room almost in the same manner as general template glass except when the sunlight is not shielded. Therefore, it is possible to provide a non-conventional energy-saving slab glass that blocks direct sunlight in the high temperature environment in summer (provides shade) and transmits direct sunlight in the cold environment in winter as well (provides sunlight). . Of course, even in the summer, cloudy weather, building shadows, shade of trees, and cloudiness at night are not blocked. As a result, east and west windows that require privacy, skylights, especially atriums that do not need to see through the outside, dome roofs, stadium roofs, indoor pool roofs, station roofs, approach It is very effective for roofs, windows above the south side of the line (it becomes an eaves effect), roof-type sloping windows on the south side, greenhouses, etc. As described above, the window of the present invention is used in a broad sense including the roof.
【００１２】図２は、図１のパネル化の封止構造、特に
有機封止した棒状体３を使用した例であり、より詳細に
説明するため棒状体３に対し平行方向に切断した断面図
である。棒状体３をキャップ５−１（例えば、ブチルゴ
ム、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリカーボネイト樹脂、ガラ
ス棒等）を埋め込み（当然、密着用の接着剤を介しても
よい）、その後室温硬化する樹脂５−２（例えば、室温
硬化のエポキシ樹脂、ポリサルファイド系シーラント
等）を介して枠７で多数の棒状体３を束ね、その枠をも
つ束を封止剤５−３（例えば、ポリイソブチレン系シー
ラント等）で加温プレスして基板１を固定して、さらに
強固に固定と封止をするために室温硬化する樹脂５−４
（例えば、ポリサルファイド系シーラント等）を基板１
間に埋め込むんだパネルである。また、枠の代わりに粘
着剤付き金属テープでもよい。また、枠７を設けること
なく樹脂キャップ５−１、封止剤５−３、封止剤５−４
でパネル化して棒状体３と基板１をほぼ接触させてもよ
い。僅かに水の透水をみて気泡が発生しても棒状体３に
よる分割構造のため気泡の合体がおきて大気泡とならず
端部に小さく局在するだけであり窓として長期間使用で
きる。さらに、本発明の基本であるこの分割構造の特長
は、棒状体３を地面に水平に配置すると、太陽光線の選
択照射により部分的に加温された低粘度の水溶液組成物
であっても分割されているため対流がおきず面的なむら
の発生を防止できた。また破損時に液体の飛散により物
品を汚す問題も軽減できる。この結果、本発明の構造
は、従来不可能であった低粘度の水溶液組成物も使用可
能にするものであり非常に有用である。FIG. 2 is an example of using the sealing structure of the panelized structure of FIG. 1, particularly an organically sealed rod-shaped body 3, and a cross-sectional view taken in a direction parallel to the rod-shaped body 3 for more detailed explanation. Is. A cap 5-1 (for example, butyl rubber, polypropylene resin, polycarbonate resin, glass rod, etc.) is embedded in the rod-shaped body 3 (obviously, an adhesive for adhesion may be used), and then a resin 5-2 that is cured at room temperature (for example, , A plurality of rod-shaped bodies 3 are bound in a frame 7 through a room temperature-curable epoxy resin, polysulfide-based sealant, etc., and the bundle having the frame is heated with a sealant 5-3 (for example, polyisobutylene-based sealant). Resin 5-4 which is pressed at room temperature to fix the substrate 1 and which is cured at room temperature to more firmly fix and seal
Substrate 1 (for example, polysulfide-based sealant)
It is a panel that is embedded in between. Further, a metal tape with an adhesive may be used instead of the frame. In addition, the resin cap 5-1, the sealant 5-3, and the sealant 5-4 without the frame 7 are provided.
Alternatively, the rod-shaped body 3 and the substrate 1 may be brought into contact with each other by forming a panel. Even if a slight amount of water permeates water and bubbles are generated, since the bubbles are merged due to the divided structure of the rod-shaped body 3, the bubbles do not become large bubbles and only localize small at the ends, and can be used as a window for a long time. Furthermore, the feature of this dividing structure, which is the basis of the present invention, is that when the rod-shaped body 3 is horizontally arranged on the ground, even if the low-viscosity aqueous solution composition is partially heated by selective irradiation of sunlight, it is divided. As a result, convection did not occur and surface unevenness could be prevented. Further, it is possible to reduce the problem that the article is soiled due to the scattering of the liquid when it is broken. As a result, the structure of the present invention makes it possible to use a low-viscosity aqueous solution composition which has hitherto been impossible, and is very useful.
【００１３】図３は、棒状体３の外壁部からもれる光を
減らす方法の一つである。光線が気体層４から棒状体３
に入るときの屈折効果もあるが、より積極的にもれを減
らすために図面の上部から侵入する直射光線を棒状体３
の肩部に散乱または吸収・反射層６を設けて侵入を防ぐ
ようにしたものである。この層６が、少なくとも光散乱
すれば強い直射光線の室内の侵入を防ぎ柔らかい散乱光
となると共に室内を暗くすることもない。また、夏季で
は散乱された光は、白濁した水溶液組成物２に多くが入
射して散乱遮光される。当然、直射光線を吸収・反射す
る層の形成でもよい。具体的には、肩部にガラス、セラ
ミックス、プラスチック等の光散乱または吸収・反射を
おこす細棒をおく方法、基板１または棒状体３に散乱ま
たは吸収・反射する層を部分的にコーティング等により
形成する方法等がある。さらに、特に図示しないがコー
ティング層を発熱層（例えば、金属ペースト、カーボン
ペースト、蒸着による部分酸化金属層等）として、それ
を直列に接続して外部端子を設けることにより調光制御
が可能なパネルにしもよい。また、棒状体３を半ピッチ
ずらして２段積層したパネル構造にしてもよい。FIG. 3 shows one of the methods for reducing the light leaked from the outer wall of the rod 3. Rays from gas layer 4 to rod 3
There is also a refraction effect when entering, but in order to more positively reduce leakage, direct rays that enter from the top of the drawing
The shoulder is provided with a scattering or absorbing / reflecting layer 6 to prevent intrusion. If this layer 6 at least scatters light, it prevents the penetration of strong direct rays into the room, becomes soft scattered light, and does not darken the room. Further, in the summer, most of the scattered light is incident on the cloudy aqueous solution composition 2 and is scattered and shielded. Of course, a layer that absorbs and reflects direct rays may be formed. Specifically, a method of placing a thin rod that scatters or absorbs / reflects light such as glass, ceramics, or plastic on the shoulder portion, or a layer that scatters or absorbs / reflects on the substrate 1 or the rod-shaped body 3 is partially coated. There is a method of forming. Further, although not particularly shown, a panel capable of dimming control by using a coating layer as a heating layer (for example, a metal paste, a carbon paste, a partially oxidized metal layer by vapor deposition, etc.) and connecting them in series to provide an external terminal You can Alternatively, the rod-shaped bodies 3 may be shifted by a half pitch to form a two-layered panel structure.
【００１４】図４は、棒状体３の断面を長方形（四角）
にしたパネルである。この形状の結果、直射光線の漏れ
を少なくできることにとどまらず、円形と異なりレンズ
作用の効果が働かないために幅が１０ｍｍ程度でも外の
景色が十分に透視できるパネルとなった。これは、大規
模な屋根となるドーム、アトリュウム、室内プール等に
使用すると通常の板ガラスの開放感をも兼ね備えた理想
的な屋根型の新しい省エネ窓となりえる。この幅は特に
限定されないが、狭いと遮光率（外幅から封止幅をひい
た内幅を外幅で割った値）が小さくなり、また幅が広い
と分割構造の効果が薄れる。よって、５ｍｍ程度から１
００ｍｍ程度が好ましく、より好ましくは１０ｍｍ程度
から５０ｍｍ程度である。２辺が無機封止３−２である
長方形の棒状体３は、必要に応じて内部スペーサー（例
えば、ガラスビーズ等）をおいて一対の板ガラス基板３
−１（例えば、長辺１２００ｍｍ、短辺５０ｍｍ、厚み
１．１ｍｍ）を間隔（例えば、０．７ｍｍ）を設けて長
辺部を低融点ガラス（例えば、封止幅２ｍｍで日本電気
硝子のＬＳ−０１１８）を設けて焼成してえた。この板
ガラス基板３−１の幅が狭いので、低融点ガラスの焼成
は比較的小型のトンネル加熱炉で連続生産でき経済的で
かつ歩留よく生産できた。その加温条件は、例えば、徐
々に温度を上昇（５０℃／分）して封止温度４３０℃、
１０分かけ徐々に温度を下昇（２０℃／分）させて室温
にもどした。その後、６０℃に加温された積層基板の短
辺より６０℃に加温して低粘度化した水溶液組成物２を
注入し、必要に応じて枠（例えば、のみ込み幅１０ｍｍ
のコ字型アルミ枠）を使用して短辺を有機封止剤（例え
ば、ポリイソブチレン、ポリサルファイド、エポキシ樹
脂等）を使用して有機封止した。この有機封止した短辺
を地面に水平になるようにパネルを窓枠に施工すること
により、数年後に仮に水の透水により辺部に気泡の発生
をみても枠に隠れ、かつ気泡の移動は各棒状体３で独立
に分割されており合体して大きくなることはない。な
お、多少の濃度増加も水の拡散により平均化されむらと
はならない。また、この長方形の棒状体３と同様な効果
をうる別な方法として、円形のチューブ管を加熱加圧す
る２次加工でえられる大きくつぶされた扁平な棒状体３
でもよい。これは、レンズ作用がすこし影響して外の景
色が多少変形するが、棒状体３の肉厚を薄くでき軽量で
かつ大きな透視性をもつパネルとなった。また、特に図
示しないが、この断面が長方形の棒状体３を将棋倒しの
ように重ねるようにしてパネル化すれば直射光線の漏れ
を完全に防止でき、かつ気体層の形成による断熱作用も
えられ結露防止のパネルになる。当然、四角、扁平、楕
円等の断面形状をもつ棒状体３は、形状効果により図１
でも説明した一枚の透明基板に接着固定する単純な積層
構造のパネルと窓にも有用である。FIG. 4 shows a rectangular cross section of the rod-shaped body 3.
It is the panel which was made. As a result of this shape, not only can the leakage of direct rays be reduced, but unlike the circular shape, the effect of the lens action does not work, so that a panel that allows a sufficient view of the outside scenery even with a width of about 10 mm is obtained. This can be an ideal new roof-type energy-saving window that also has the open feeling of normal sheet glass when used for large-scale dome, atrium, indoor pool, etc. This width is not particularly limited, but if it is narrow, the light-shielding rate (value obtained by dividing the outer width by the sealing width and the inner width divided by the outer width) becomes small, and if the width is wide, the effect of the divided structure is weakened. Therefore, from 5 mm to 1
It is preferably about 00 mm, more preferably about 10 mm to 50 mm. The rectangular rod-shaped body 3 whose two sides are the inorganic sealing 3-2 has a pair of plate glass substrates 3 with internal spacers (for example, glass beads) provided as necessary.
-1 (for example, long side 1200 mm, short side 50 mm, thickness 1.1 mm) is provided at intervals (for example, 0.7 mm), and the long side is made of low melting point glass (for example, sealing width 2 mm and LS of Nippon Electric Glass). -0118) was provided and baked. Since the flat glass substrate 3-1 has a narrow width, the low melting point glass can be fired continuously in a relatively small tunnel heating furnace, which is economical and can be produced with a good yield. The heating condition is, for example, that the temperature is gradually increased (50 ° C./min) and the sealing temperature is 430 ° C.
The temperature was gradually raised (20 ° C./min) over 10 minutes and returned to room temperature. After that, the aqueous solution composition 2 which has been heated to 60 ° C. to have a low viscosity is injected from the short side of the laminated substrate which has been heated to 60 ° C., and a frame (for example, a swallow width of 10 mm is used as necessary.
The short side was organically sealed using an organic sealant (for example, polyisobutylene, polysulfide, epoxy resin, etc.). By installing the panel on the window frame so that the short side that is organically sealed is horizontal to the ground, even if bubbles appear on the sides due to the permeation of water a few years later, they will be hidden in the frame and the bubbles will move. Are independently divided by the rod-shaped bodies 3 and do not become large by combining them. It should be noted that even a slight increase in concentration is averaged by the diffusion of water and does not become uneven. Further, as another method of obtaining the same effect as the rectangular rod-shaped body 3, a large crushed flat rod-shaped body 3 obtained by a secondary process of heating and pressurizing a circular tube tube.
May be. This is a panel which is thin and lightweight and has a large transparency although the outside scene is slightly deformed due to a slight influence of the lens action. Further, although not particularly shown, if the rod-shaped bodies 3 each having a rectangular cross section are formed into a panel by stacking them like shogi, the leakage of direct rays can be completely prevented, and a heat insulation effect due to the formation of a gas layer can be obtained to prevent dew condensation. Panel. As a matter of course, the rod-shaped body 3 having a cross-sectional shape such as a square, a flat shape, an ellipse, etc.
However, it is also useful for a panel and a window having a simple laminated structure which is adhesively fixed to one transparent substrate described above.
【００１５】図５は、気体層４の幅（例えば、６ｍｍ、
１２ｍｍ等）を複層ガラスと同様に広くとり断熱効果を
十分に持たせたパネルである。水溶液組成物２を内包し
た棒状体３を室外側の基板１におき、気体層４を室内側
の基板１にとると夏季の遮光と冬季の断熱をより効果的
に発揮できる。その封止部の構造は、棒状体３の封止法
でる有機封止であるか完全に透水を起こさない溶融封止
かにより、棒状体３の端部を基板封止剤より内側、その
内部、その外側におくかを選択すればよい。代表例とし
て、図９に溶融封止した棒状体３を基板封止剤の内側に
設けてなる断面図を示した。５−３、５−４、８は、そ
れぞれ複層ガラスに使用されるポリイソブチレン系シー
ラントであり、ポリサルファイド系シーラントであり、
乾燥剤をもつスペーサーである。９は、棒状体３をとめ
た固定台である。この固定法は、例えば、型枠台、ゴム
またはばねによる弾性体等の機械的に固定する方法、シ
リコーン樹脂、感光性アクリル樹脂等で接着する方法等
がある。また、接着法において、棒状体３の端部のみ固
定でなく、全体を基板に接着して表面反射の低減および
棒状体３の放熱促進を考慮してもよい。さらに、図８に
示したように透視性と気体層４を同時にもたせる構造と
してもよい。円形の棒状体３の両端部は円形のまま残し
て主要な部分を扁平な形状に加工したものを面状に配置
して、扁平による透視性とギャップ形成による気体層４
を設けたパネルである。なお、パネルの外周をポリサル
ファイド系のシーラント、シリコーン系のシーラント等
で固定して気体層を封止５−４するとよい。当然、封止
部に基板間の結露を防止するためにポリイソブチレン系
シーランや乾燥剤を組み込んでもよい。この構造は、主
要部は扁平形で十分に視認できる透視性をもつ棒状体３
でありながら、その両端部が円形であるため端部の封止
処理が非常に容易になる特長もある。また、両端部の円
形部の膨らみがスペーサーの機能をはたして気体層４を
形成できる特長もある。この図８に示した棒状体３の端
部封止は、ひとつの例であり、棒状体３にキャップ５−
１を挿入して棒状体３の端部の気泡を追い出してから、
端部を溶融封着して気密な棒状体３とした。なお、この
棒状体３の層を室外側に、気体層４を室内側にして窓を
施工するほうが好ましい。FIG. 5 shows the width of the gas layer 4 (for example, 6 mm,
(12 mm, etc.) is as wide as the double glazing, and the panel has a sufficient heat insulating effect. When the rod-shaped body 3 containing the aqueous solution composition 2 is placed on the substrate 1 on the outdoor side and the gas layer 4 is set on the substrate 1 on the indoor side, the light shielding in summer and the heat insulation in winter can be more effectively exhibited. The structure of the sealing portion is either organic sealing according to the sealing method of the rod-shaped body 3 or melt sealing that does not completely cause water permeation. , You can choose to put it outside. As a typical example, FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view in which the melt-sealed rod-shaped body 3 is provided inside the substrate sealant. 5-3, 5-4, and 8 are polyisobutylene-based sealants and polysulfide-based sealants, respectively, which are used for double glazing.
Spacer with desiccant. Reference numeral 9 is a fixed base on which the rod-shaped body 3 is fixed. This fixing method includes, for example, a method of mechanically fixing a frame base, an elastic body made of rubber or spring, or the like, a method of adhering with a silicone resin, a photosensitive acrylic resin, or the like. In addition, in the bonding method, not only the end portion of the rod-shaped body 3 may be fixed, but the whole may be bonded to the substrate to reduce the surface reflection and accelerate the heat dissipation of the rod-shaped body 3. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the structure may be such that the transparency and the gas layer 4 are simultaneously provided. The both ends of the circular rod-shaped body 3 are left in a circular shape, and the main portion processed into a flat shape is arranged in a plane shape, and the transparency by flatness and the gas layer 4 by gap formation are formed.
It is a panel provided with. The outer periphery of the panel may be fixed with a polysulfide-based sealant, a silicone-based sealant or the like to seal the gas layer 5-4. Needless to say, a polyisobutylene-based sealant or a desiccant may be incorporated in the sealing portion to prevent dew condensation between the substrates. This structure is a rod-shaped body 3 whose main part is flat and has sufficient transparency to be visually recognized.
However, since both ends are circular, there is also a feature that the end sealing process is very easy. Further, there is also a feature that the bulges of the circular portions at both ends serve as spacers to form the gas layer 4. The end portion sealing of the rod-shaped body 3 shown in FIG. 8 is an example, and the rod-shaped body 3 is capped with a cap 5-.
1 to remove air bubbles at the end of the rod-shaped body 3,
The ends were melt-sealed to form an airtight rod-shaped body 3. It is preferable to construct a window with the layer of the rod-shaped body 3 on the outdoor side and the gas layer 4 on the indoor side.
【００１６】図６は、基板１が曲面使用された時のパネ
ルの断面図である。ポリカーボネイト樹脂、アクリル樹
脂等のプラスチック板は、曲面加工、曲面施工が板ガラ
スより容易であり、ドーム等に使用しやすい。特に、棒
状体３が水溶液組成物２を内包しその両端部が溶融封止
せれておれば水の蒸発は完全に起きないので、施工現場
でも容易に使用できる。例えば、一枚目のポリカーボネ
イト樹脂板を枠に蒲鉾型の曲面状にセットし、つぎに水
溶液組成物２を溶融封止した棒状体３を面状に敷き詰め
て配置し、最後に一枚目と同様にポリカーボネイ樹脂板
をはめ込ませる機械的な方法のみでも容易に施工でき
た。また、ポリカーボネイト樹脂板をどちらか片側だけ
の使用からなる構造をもつパネルでもよく、これも本発
明に含まれる。当然、この施工、構造は曲面でなく平面
使用でもよく、また樹脂板の代わりに板ガラスでもよ
い。ようするに、基板１で風雨をさけ棒状体３で夏季の
直射光線を遮光する。なお、固定は両端のフレームで十
分である。さらには、透明フィルム、透明シート等を基
板１に利用してテント型のエアードーム、温室等にも使
用できる。特に透明フィルム、透明シートの場合には、
腰がないので気体層４を透明で柔軟な樹脂（例えば、合
わせガラス用の感光性アクリル樹脂等）でみたして、溶
融封止した棒状体３を埋め込むようにして透明フィル
ム、透明シートで積層するとよい。なお、この気体層４
を透明で柔軟な樹脂でみたす方法は、板ガラス、プラス
チック板でもよく、また必要に応じて他の実施例も含め
て使用してもよい。これは、空気より大きい屈折率をも
つ透明材料で満たされたためパネルの透明度、透視性が
向上し、また合わせガラスとなり破損時にガラス破片の
飛び散りを防止できる。さらに、断熱には不利になるが
太陽の直射光線を選択遮光するには基板１と棒状体３が
気体でなく個体で密着してあった方が熱伝導の面から好
ましい。FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the panel when the substrate 1 is curved. A plastic plate made of polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, or the like is easier to perform curved surface processing and curved surface construction than plate glass, and is easy to use for a dome or the like. In particular, if the rod-shaped body 3 contains the aqueous solution composition 2 and both ends thereof are melt-sealed, water will not completely evaporate, so that it can be easily used at a construction site. For example, the first polycarbonate resin plate is set in a frame in a kamaboko-shaped curved surface, then the rod-like bodies 3 in which the aqueous solution composition 2 is melt-sealed are laid out in a plane, and finally the first sheet and Similarly, it could be easily constructed only by the mechanical method of fitting the polycarbonate resin plate. Further, a panel having a structure in which a polycarbonate resin plate is used on only one side may be used, and this is also included in the present invention. Naturally, this construction and structure may be flat rather than curved, and plate glass may be used instead of the resin plate. In this manner, the substrate 1 shields against wind and rain, and the rod-shaped body 3 shields direct rays of light in summer. It should be noted that the fixing is sufficient with the frames at both ends. Furthermore, a transparent film, a transparent sheet or the like can be used for the substrate 1 to be used for a tent type air dome, a greenhouse or the like. Especially in the case of transparent films and sheets,
Since it is not stiff, the gas layer 4 is covered with a transparent and flexible resin (for example, a photosensitive acrylic resin for laminated glass), and the melt-sealed rod-shaped body 3 is embedded so as to be laminated with a transparent film and a transparent sheet. Good to do. In addition, this gas layer 4
The method of filling the transparent resin with a transparent resin may be a plate glass or a plastic plate, and may be used in combination with other examples as required. Since this is filled with a transparent material having a refractive index higher than that of air, the transparency and the transparency of the panel are improved, and it becomes a laminated glass, and it is possible to prevent scattering of glass fragments when broken. Further, although it is disadvantageous for heat insulation, in order to selectively shield the direct rays of the sun, it is preferable that the substrate 1 and the rod-shaped body 3 are in close contact with each other as a solid rather than as a gas from the viewpoint of heat conduction.
【００１７】図７は、ラダー型の樹脂板（例えば、ポリ
カーボネイト樹脂等）に図６で使用した棒状体３を差し
込んだパネルである。このラダー型構造は樹脂の押出成
形で出来る。個々の仕切られた気体層４をもつために、
ビル等の影による直射光線の選択照射による選択加熱に
より発生する気体の移動が押さえられ、パネルを選択的
に遮光しやすくする効果がある。また同様に、複層ガラ
スの気体層にルーバーを設けてできた個々に仕切られた
空間部に棒状体３を入れた構造でもよい。FIG. 7 shows a panel in which the rod-shaped body 3 used in FIG. 6 is inserted into a ladder-type resin plate (for example, polycarbonate resin or the like). This ladder type structure can be formed by extrusion molding of resin. To have an individual partitioned gas layer 4,
The movement of the gas generated by the selective heating due to the selective irradiation of the direct rays due to the shadow of the building or the like is suppressed, and there is an effect that the panel can be easily shielded selectively. Further, similarly, the rod-shaped body 3 may be put in the individually partitioned space portion formed by providing the louver in the gas layer of the double glazing.
【００１８】次に、本発明に使用する可逆的に曇点現象
を示す水溶性高分子は、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール
系のポリビニルアルコール部分酢化物、ポリビニルメチ
ルエーテル等、ポリＮ−置換アクリルアミド誘導体のポ
リＮ−イソプロピルアクリルアミド、ポリＮ−エトキシ
エチルアクリルアミド等、ポリＮ−置換メタクリルアミ
ド誘導体のポリＮ−イソプロピルメタクリルアミド、ポ
リＮ−３−エトキシプロピルメタクリルアミド等、ポリ
Ｎ，Ｎ−ジ置換アクリルアミド誘導体のポリＮ−メチル
Ｎ−エチルアクリルアミド等、セルロース誘導体のヒド
ロキシプロピルセルロース、メチルセルロース等があ
る。なかでも、特願平６−５４４２７で本発明者が記し
てたようにセルロース骨格をもつセルロース誘導体が均
一な可逆安定性、室温に近い相転移温度、耐候性、安全
性、経済性の条件を満たし本目的にも非常に有用であ
り、なかでもその代表としてヒドロキシプロピルセルロ
ースが、耐久性も非常に強くかつ遮光性も大きいので本
発明に有用である。Next, the water-soluble polymer exhibiting the cloud point phenomenon reversibly used in the present invention is, for example, polyvinyl alcohol partial acetylated polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, and other poly-N-substituted acrylamide derivatives. N-isopropyl acrylamide, poly N-ethoxyethyl acrylamide, etc., poly N-substituted methacrylamide derivative poly N-isopropyl methacrylamide, poly N-3-ethoxypropyl methacrylamide, etc., poly N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivative poly Examples thereof include N-methyl N-ethyl acrylamide and the like, and cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose. Among them, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-54427 by the present inventor, the cellulose derivative having a cellulose skeleton has uniform reversible stability, phase transition temperature close to room temperature, weather resistance, safety and economical conditions. It is very useful for this purpose as well, and among them, hydroxypropyl cellulose as a representative thereof is very useful in the present invention because it has very strong durability and high light-shielding property.
【００１９】もう少しセルロース誘導体に関して記す。
セルロースは、官能基が付加すると多くの溶媒に可溶と
なる。そのなかで水溶性であるセルロース誘導体の水溶
液が、温度の上昇により凝集して白濁状態になるために
は、官能基に疎水結合（結合水の破壊による疎水基間の
親和性の増大による結合力）が働く必要がある。そのた
めには、官能基は、イオン性基であればイオン斥力が働
き本目的に不適であり、親水性基（例えば、水酸基、エ
ーテル結合部、エステル結合部、アミド結合部等）と疎
水性基（例えば、メチル基、エチル基等）を併せもつと
非イオン性基であるのがよい。例えば、ヒドロキシエチ
ル基とヒドロキシプロピル基を比較すると、ヒドロキシ
エチルセルロースは、親水性基をもち、水溶性である
が、疎水性基をもたないので凝集できず、白濁状態を生
じない。これに対して、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース
は、水溶性であり、かつ、凝集白濁状態を生じることが
できる。このように、ヒドロキシプロピル基に代表され
るように、非イオン性の親水性基と疎水性基を併せもつ
官能基が付加しており、室温で約２５重量％ないし約５
０重量％の高濃度でも水に均一溶解する水溶性の多糖類
誘導体が有用である。なお、官能基の付加は、単一種で
も複数種でもよく特に限定されるものではない。例え
ば、付加したヒドロキシプロピル基の水酸基に追加官能
基を付加した誘導体、追加官能基としてヒドロキシプロ
ピル基を付加した誘導体（例えば、ヒドロキシエチルセ
ルロースに付加等）等があり、単一の官能基を付加した
誘導体に限定されるものではない。これらの官能基やそ
の付加方法は、朝倉書店の出版である大有機化学第１９
巻に詳細に開示されており、これらの方法と一般の付加
反応を組み合わせることにより、水酸基、低級アルキル
基、ハロゲン基等を付加せしめることによって親水性疎
水性バランスを調製できる。The cellulose derivative will be described a little more.
Cellulose becomes soluble in many solvents when functional groups are added. Among them, in order that the aqueous solution of a water-soluble cellulose derivative aggregates into a white turbid state due to an increase in temperature, a hydrophobic bond to a functional group (bonding force due to an increase in affinity between hydrophobic groups due to destruction of bound water) ) Need to work. For that purpose, if the functional group is an ionic group, ionic repulsive force is exerted, which is unsuitable for this purpose, and a hydrophilic group (for example, a hydroxyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, etc.) and a hydrophobic group are used. It is preferable that the nonionic group is combined with (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, etc.). For example, comparing a hydroxyethyl group and a hydroxypropyl group, hydroxyethyl cellulose has a hydrophilic group and is water-soluble, but since it does not have a hydrophobic group, it cannot be aggregated and a cloudy state does not occur. In contrast, hydroxypropyl cellulose is water-soluble and can give rise to an agglomerated cloudy state. Thus, as represented by a hydroxypropyl group, a functional group having both a nonionic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group is added, and about 25% by weight to about 5% by weight at room temperature.
A water-soluble polysaccharide derivative that can be uniformly dissolved in water even at a high concentration of 0% by weight is useful. The addition of the functional group may be a single type or a plurality of types and is not particularly limited. For example, there is a derivative in which an additional functional group is added to the hydroxyl group of the added hydroxypropyl group, a derivative in which a hydroxypropyl group is added as an additional functional group (eg, addition to hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.), and a single functional group is added. It is not limited to the derivative. These functional groups and the method for adding them are described in Dai Organic Chemistry No. 19 published by Asakura Shoten.
It is disclosed in detail in the Volume, and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance can be prepared by adding a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, a halogen group or the like by combining these methods with a general addition reaction.
【００２０】さらに、水溶液組成物２のセルロース誘導
体の水溶性高分子の凝集・分子分散を安定的に可逆変化
を維持させるためには可逆安定剤を添加すると好まし
い。可逆安定剤とは、本発明者が系統的に研究開発して
きたものである。例えば、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロー
スの３３％水溶液が加温されて、白濁凝集状態と無色透
明状態の相変化を繰り返し可逆的にうるためには両親媒
性分子の添加が好ましい。その詳細は特願平６−５４４
２７に記してある。曇点現象を示す水溶液組成物が、特
に本発明の主体ではないので詳細な説明は省略するが、
代表例として、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース用にはポ
リプロピレングリコール等がある。また、必要におうじ
て例えば、特願平６−５４４２７に記載されている水溶
性の添加剤（例えば、白濁開始温度シフト剤、紫外線吸
収剤、着色剤、熱線吸収剤等）を加えてもよい。また、
ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースは、水を溶媒とすると曇
点現象を示すと共に可視光線を選択散乱して呈色するラ
イオトロピック型の高分子コレステリック液晶にもなり
本発明に有用であが、５０％以上の高濃度であるため水
分離はおきず可逆安定剤を添加する必要はない。このよ
うに、水溶液組成物２の水溶性高分子としてセルロース
誘導体は非常に重要である。Further, in order to stably maintain a reversible change in the aggregation / molecular dispersion of the water-soluble polymer of the cellulose derivative of the aqueous solution composition 2, it is preferable to add a reversible stabilizer. The reversible stabilizer has been systematically researched and developed by the present inventor. For example, addition of an amphipathic molecule is preferable in order to repeatedly and reversibly cause a phase change between a cloudy aggregated state and a colorless and transparent state by heating a 33% aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl cellulose. The details are Japanese Patent Application No. 6-544.
27. An aqueous solution composition showing a cloud point phenomenon is not particularly the subject of the present invention, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted,
Typical examples include polypropylene glycol for hydroxypropyl cellulose. In addition, if necessary, for example, a water-soluble additive described in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-54427 (for example, cloudiness initiation temperature shift agent, ultraviolet absorber, colorant, heat ray absorber, etc.) may be added. . Also,
Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a lyotropic polymer cholesteric liquid crystal that exhibits a cloud point phenomenon when water is used as a solvent and selectively scatters visible light to form a color, which is useful in the present invention, but it is high in 50% or more. Because of the concentration, water separation does not occur and it is not necessary to add a reversible stabilizer. As described above, the cellulose derivative is very important as the water-soluble polymer of the aqueous solution composition 2.
【００２１】また、低粘度の水溶液組成物２の例として
ポリＮ−置換アクリルアミド誘導体のポリＮ−イソプロ
ピルアクリルアミド、ポリＮ−エトキシエチルアクリル
アミド等、ポリＮ−置換メタクリルアミド誘導体のポリ
Ｎ−イソプロピルメタクリルアミド、ポリＮ−３−エト
キシプロピルメタクリルアミド等、ポリＮ，Ｎ−ジ置換
アクリルアミド誘導体のポリＮ−メチルＮ−エチルアク
リルアミド等の低濃度水溶液がある。これら水溶性高分
子は、分子量にも多少影響するが、十分な白濁遮光作用
を示すものは５重量％以上の濃度になると加温で容易に
不可逆な自己凝集分離をおこし使用できなかった。ま
た、添加剤の工夫でも自己凝集分離を確実に維持するこ
とは困難であった。しかし５重量％未満、より好ましく
は３重量％以下から０．１重量％程度の濃度では薄いた
め自己凝集分離がおきずまた遮光性もあり好ましかっ
た。この低濃度では粘度が低く加温で容易に対流が発生
したが、棒状体３の分割構造により対流の発生を止める
こができた。As an example of the low-viscosity aqueous solution composition 2, poly N-substituted acrylamide derivatives such as poly N-isopropyl acrylamide and poly N-ethoxyethyl acrylamide, and poly N-substituted methacrylamide derivatives such as poly N-isopropyl methacrylamide. , Poly N-3-ethoxypropyl methacrylamide, etc., and low-concentration aqueous solutions of poly N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivatives such as poly N-methyl N-ethyl acrylamide. These water-soluble polymers have some influence on the molecular weight, but those exhibiting a sufficient clouding and light-shielding effect cannot be used because they easily undergo irreversible self-aggregation upon heating at a concentration of 5% by weight or more. Further, it has been difficult to reliably maintain the self-aggregation separation even by devising the additive. However, when the concentration is less than 5% by weight, more preferably from 3% by weight or less to about 0.1% by weight, the concentration is low, so that self-aggregation and separation do not occur, and light-shielding property is also preferable. At this low concentration, the viscosity was low and convection was easily generated by heating. However, the divided structure of the rod-shaped body 3 could prevent the generation of convection.
【００２２】棒状体３の材料は、透明であればガラス、
プラスチック（ポリカーボネイト樹脂、アクリル樹脂
等）等が考えられるが、本目的の水の透水性を防止また
は最少になるような構造をうるためにはガラスが明かに
有利であり、特に基板１がプラスチックである場合には
ガラスが必要である。基板１が板ガラスの場合は、基板
間に飽和水蒸気の環境を設けることによりプラスチック
の使用も可能となるがガラスより透水の防止の面からは
不利となる。ガラスは、ソーダライムガラス、ホウ珪酸
ガラス、熱線吸収・紫外線吸収できるガラス等があり特
に限定されることなく広く使用できる。特に、熱線と紫
外線を吸収する材料が有用である。熱線吸収ガラスに
は、太陽光エネルギーを吸収するように設計された熱線
吸収ガラス、近赤外線吸収剤をコートしたガラス等があ
る。そのなかでも例えば、セリウム、チタン、鉄等の添
加による紫外線と近赤外線を強く吸収するよう設計され
たグリーン系の熱線吸収ガラスを使用するとよい。太陽
光エネルギーを効率的に吸収するガラスを使用すると、
棒状体３の外壁の厚みを薄くでき軽量化によい。しか
し、水も近赤外線を吸収して直接加温されることをあえ
て記しておく。つぎに、紫外線を吸収・カットするに
は、吸収カット層をコートする方式とガラスバルク吸収
の方式がある。吸収カット層をコートする方式は、例え
ば、日本ペイント社のスーパーフロンＲ２４０、岩城硝
子社の紫外線カットガラス、東燃社のポリシラザンヘ゛
ース無機タイプＵＶカットコーティング材、多層蒸着膜
等があり、ガラスバルク吸収の方式は、例えば、紫外線
を吸収するセントラル硝子社のグリーンラルＳＰ、日本
電気硝子社のファイアライト、紫外線をハロゲン化銅の
微粒子散乱でカットする五鈴精工硝子社のＩＴＹ等のガ
ラス組成で棒状体３を作成するとよい。The material of the rod-shaped body 3 is glass if transparent.
Although plastics (polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, etc.) are conceivable, glass is clearly advantageous in order to obtain a structure that prevents or minimizes the water permeability of water for this purpose, especially when the substrate 1 is plastic. In some cases glass is needed. When the substrate 1 is plate glass, plastic can be used by providing an environment of saturated steam between the substrates, but it is more disadvantageous than glass in terms of preventing water permeation. The glass includes soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, glass capable of absorbing heat rays and ultraviolet rays, and is not particularly limited and can be widely used. In particular, a material that absorbs heat rays and ultraviolet rays is useful. The heat ray absorbing glass includes heat ray absorbing glass designed to absorb sunlight energy, glass coated with a near infrared ray absorbing agent, and the like. Among them, for example, a green heat ray absorbing glass designed to strongly absorb ultraviolet rays and near infrared rays due to addition of cerium, titanium, iron or the like may be used. With glass that absorbs solar energy efficiently,
The thickness of the outer wall of the rod-shaped body 3 can be reduced, which is good for weight reduction. However, it should be noted that water absorbs near infrared rays and is heated directly. Next, in order to absorb and cut ultraviolet rays, there are a method of coating an absorption cut layer and a method of glass bulk absorption. As a method of coating the absorption cut layer, there are, for example, Super Clon R240 manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., UV cut glass manufactured by Iwaki Glass Co., Ltd., polysilazane base inorganic type UV cut coating material manufactured by Tonen Co., Ltd., and a multilayer vapor deposition film. The method is, for example, a glass-like rod material such as Greenlar SP from Central Glass Co., which absorbs ultraviolet rays, Firelight from Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., and ITS from Isuzu Seiko Glass Co., Ltd., which cuts ultraviolet rays by scattering copper halide particles. 3 should be created.
【００２３】基板１は、ガラスではソーダライムガラ
ス、ホウ珪酸ガラス、熱線吸収・紫外線吸収ガラス等が
あり特に限定されることなく広く使用できる。また、強
化ガラス、耐熱ガラス、合わせガラス、網入りガラス等
の板ガラスも特に限定することなく使用できる。棒状体
３の材料で記したガラス、例えば、紫外線を吸収するセ
ントラル硝子社のグリーンラルＳＰ、日本電気硝子社の
ファイアライト、紫外線をハロゲン化銅の微粒子散乱で
カットする五鈴精工硝子社のＩＴＹ等の板ガラスは有用
である。ただ、一般のソーダライムガラスで厚みが約５
ｍｍ以上であると３５０ｎｍ以下の紫外線透過が急激に
小さくなり耐候性の面で好ましく、また当然、厚いほど
熱線吸収も強まり選択遮光には厚板が有利である。ま
た、通常のソーダライムガラスは、紫外線を吸収する
が、薄くなると紫外線を透過しやすくなるので、特に約
４ｍｍ以下の薄板を用いる場合には紫外線吸収・カット
層（例えば、日本ペイント社のスーパーフロンＲ２４
０、岩城硝子社の紫外線カットガラス、東燃社のポリシ
ラザンヘ゛ース無機タイプＵＶカットコーティング材、
多層蒸着膜等）を設けるのが好ましい。しかし、５ｍｍ
以上になると３５０ｎｍ以下の紫外線吸収も強まり有利
である。なお、プラスチックでは、ポリカーボネイト樹
脂、アクリル樹脂等があり、それに紫外線吸収剤の添
加、ラミネート等により３７０ｎｍ以下の紫外線を吸収
・カットでき有用である。ただ、ソーダライムガラスの
厚みテストと前記したセントラル硝子社のグリーンラル
ＳＰ（３ｍｍ厚で３３０ｎｍ以下の紫外線をほぼ吸収す
る）の結果、透明基板１と棒状体３を合わせて少なくと
も３３０ｎｍ以下の紫外線を吸収・カットしておくと耐
光安定性に非常に効果的であった。以上のように、内包
された水溶液組成物２に到達する紫外線を吸収・カット
する方法は、透明基板１と棒状体３のバルク吸収、表面
処理等により可能であり、紫外線の吸収・カット層をガ
ラス棒状体または／および透明基板の少なくとも光照射
される側に設けてあるパネルはより高耐光性をもつ窓の
設計に有用である。As the substrate 1, soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, heat ray absorbing / ultraviolet absorbing glass and the like can be used as the glass, and they can be widely used without particular limitation. Further, plate glass such as tempered glass, heat-resistant glass, laminated glass, and meshed glass can also be used without particular limitation. Glass described by the material of the rod-shaped body 3, for example, Greenlar SP of Central Glass Co., which absorbs ultraviolet rays, Firelight of Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., ITY of Isuzu Seiko Glass Co., Ltd., which cuts ultraviolet rays by scattering of copper halide fine particles. Flat glass such as is useful. However, the thickness is about 5 with ordinary soda lime glass.
If the thickness is at least mm, the ultraviolet ray transmission of 350 nm or less will be sharply reduced, which is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance. Naturally, the thicker the layer, the stronger the heat ray absorption, and the thicker plate is advantageous for selective light shielding. Ordinary soda lime glass absorbs ultraviolet rays, but when it becomes thin, it easily transmits ultraviolet rays. Therefore, when using a thin plate of about 4 mm or less, an ultraviolet absorbing / cutting layer (for example, Super Freon from Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.) is used. R24
0, UV blocking glass from Iwaki Glass Company, polysilazane base inorganic type UV blocking coating material from Tonen Company,
It is preferable to provide a multilayer vapor deposition film or the like). However, 5 mm
If it becomes the above, absorption of ultraviolet rays of 350 nm or less is also strengthened, which is advantageous. As the plastic, there are polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin and the like, and it is useful because ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 370 nm or less can be absorbed and cut by adding an ultraviolet absorber thereto or laminating. However, as a result of the thickness test of soda lime glass and the above-mentioned Green Lal SP of Central Glass Co. (which almost absorbs ultraviolet rays of 330 nm or less at a thickness of 3 mm), the transparent substrate 1 and the rod-shaped body 3 combined emit at least 330 nm or less of ultraviolet rays. It was very effective for light stability when absorbed and cut. As described above, the method of absorbing / cutting ultraviolet rays reaching the encapsulated aqueous solution composition 2 can be performed by bulk absorption of the transparent substrate 1 and the rod-shaped body 3, surface treatment, or the like. The panel provided on at least the side of the glass rod or / and the transparent substrate that is exposed to light is useful for designing a window having higher light resistance.
【００２４】つぎに、棒状体３の製法について記す。溶
液法と個体法がある。溶液法は、特に説明するなでもな
く棒状体３の中空部に水溶液組成物２を吸引または加圧
により注入してキャップをすればよい。当然、水溶液組
成物２を必要におうじて加温して低粘度化して注入して
もよい。個体法は、棒状体３の中空部内で個体の水溶性
高分子と溶媒の水を接触させて棒状体３内で目的の水溶
液組成物２にする方法である。例えば、棒状、粒状等の
個体の水溶性高分子を中空部にいれておき、その後水ま
たは低分子の添加剤をもつ低粘度水溶液を隙間に注入し
キャップをすればよい。なお、６０℃以上の温水を使用
すると高分子の溶解が温度で押さえられ注入し易い。ま
た、溶融封止にしろ有機封止にしろ片方の端部を封止後
に個体の水溶性高分子をいれてから水を真空注入する方
法もよい。例えば、端部をバーナーで溶融封止して棒状
の水溶性高分子を中空部にいれてから真空減圧後にもう
一方の開放端部を水に付けて水を真空注入してから注入
口を溶融封止する方法もある。このような方法は、最後
に溶融封止する箇所のみ気泡溜りとなるが、この気泡を
持つ封止部を上方にセットしてパネルにして窓に使用す
れば、棒状体３を地面に垂直方向に配置した模様の窓と
なる。当然、上部の気泡は枠内に隠れ視認できず問題に
ならない。さらに、本発明者はこの端部に残る気泡を減
らす方法を工夫した。特に図示しないが、溶融封止する
前にキャップを押し込みキャップと水溶液組成物２を接
触させて気泡を除去してから、棒状体３の端部を溶融封
止すると気泡を非常に少なくすることができた。キャッ
プは、ガラス、セラミックス、樹脂、コルク等の断熱性
の高いものが使用しやすく、例えば、発泡体等も好まし
い。形状は、円柱、綿状（例えば、ガラス繊維等）、粒
状（例えば、ガラスビーズ等）等とくに限定することな
く広く使用できる。また、樹脂キャップを挿入後にガラ
スビーズを詰めて、このビーズと棒状体３とを同時に溶
融して封止する複合的な方法も有効である。なお、溶融
封止を容易にかつ確実に行なうには、例えば、真空注入
後の高分子溶解前に封止、キャップ挿入後の端部水洗等
により、端部に高分子の付着がないようにしておくと好
ましい。なお、棒状体３を透明基板１に積層する方法
は、特に説明するまでもなく省略する。Next, a method of manufacturing the rod-shaped body 3 will be described. There are solution method and individual method. The solution method is not particularly described, and the aqueous solution composition 2 may be injected into the hollow portion of the rod-shaped body 3 by suction or pressurization to form a cap. As a matter of course, the aqueous solution composition 2 may be optionally heated to lower the viscosity and then injected. The solid method is a method in which the water-soluble polymer of the solid is brought into contact with water of a solvent in the hollow portion of the rod-shaped body 3 to form the target aqueous solution composition 2 in the rod-shaped body 3. For example, solid water-soluble polymer such as rod-like or granular particles may be placed in the hollow portion, and then water or a low-viscosity aqueous solution having a low-molecular additive may be injected into the gap to cap. When hot water of 60 ° C. or higher is used, the dissolution of the polymer is suppressed by the temperature and it is easy to inject. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a method of melt-sealing or organic-sealing, and after sealing one end of one end, adding a solid water-soluble polymer and then injecting water under vacuum. For example, melt and seal the end with a burner, put a rod-shaped water-soluble polymer in the hollow part, and after vacuum depressurizing, attach the other open end to water and inject water in vacuum, then melt the injection port. There is also a method of sealing. In such a method, only the final melt-sealing portion forms a bubble reservoir, but if the sealing portion having this bubble is set upward and used as a panel for a window, the rod-shaped body 3 is perpendicular to the ground. It will be the window of the pattern arranged in. Naturally, the bubbles at the top are hidden in the frame and cannot be visually recognized, which is not a problem. Further, the present inventor devised a method of reducing bubbles remaining at the end. Although not particularly shown, if the cap is pushed in before the melt-sealing to bring the cap into contact with the aqueous solution composition 2 to remove the air bubbles, and then the end portion of the rod-shaped body 3 is melt-sealed, the air bubbles can be extremely reduced. did it. It is easy to use a cap having a high heat insulating property such as glass, ceramics, resin, or cork, and for example, a foam is also preferable. The shape may be widely used without any particular limitation, such as a cylinder, a cotton shape (for example, glass fiber, etc.), and a granular shape (for example, glass beads, etc.). Further, a composite method in which glass beads are packed after inserting the resin cap and the beads and the rod-shaped body 3 are simultaneously melted and sealed is also effective. In order to easily and surely perform the melt sealing, for example, sealing is performed before the polymer is dissolved after vacuum injection, and the end is washed with water after the cap is inserted so that the polymer is not attached to the end. It is preferable to keep it. The method of laminating the rod-shaped body 3 on the transparent substrate 1 will be omitted without particular description.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明は、可逆的に
曇点現象を示す水溶液組成物２を一度透明な棒状体３に
内包封止して部品にしたて分割構造体とし、この水溶液
組成物２を内包した透明な棒状体２と透明基板１とで面
状に積層して結果的に大面積のパネルにする構造に到達
して本課題を解決して本発明に至った。この棒状体の分
割構造の採用により完全な無機封止または準無機封止
（両端部のみ有機封止）となり透水を防止でき気泡の問
題を実質的に止めることができた。また、棒状体３を地
面にほぼ水平状態に配置すれば、棒状体３の分割構造の
効果により内包液が低粘度の水溶液組成物であっても対
流（白濁部の上下移動による面的なむらの発生）を防止
でき均一な白濁状態を維持できた。また、封止処理工程
で端部に残存しえる気泡、有機封止のため経時的に発生
しうる可能性のある気泡は、やはり棒状体３の分割構造
の効果により合体による大気泡化や移動もおきず均一な
白濁遮光状態を維持でき非常に効果的であった。なお、
この端部の気泡は、実使用時においては枠構造内に隠れ
るので全く悪影響はなかった。さらに重要なことは、従
来の非分割の単純に積層された積層体では、水溶液組成
物２が自重により上部から下部へ移動して下部が膨らむ
とともに上部に大きな気泡の発生を生み、バランスがと
れるまで下部の膨らみと気泡の拡大をみた。しかし、こ
の水溶液組成物２が分割構造で積層されパネル化する
と、この問題は確実にかつ完全に解決した。また、この
棒状体３の分割構造は、温度シフト剤の自己拡散による
均一化を防止できより高度な機能性を付加できた。具体
的には、窓にセットされたパネルを下部から上部に徐々
に白濁開始温度を下げるように設計すると下部の透視
性、透光性を維持しながら上部から入る直射光線が遮光
できる庇と同様な効果が生まれ夏季の南面窓に特に有効
であった。これは当然、太陽光線の強弱によりパネルの
遮光面積とその程度も自然に自律応答して可変すること
になり、画期的な高機能性窓システムをうることができ
た。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, the aqueous solution composition 2 exhibiting the cloud point phenomenon reversibly is once encapsulated in the transparent rod-like body 3 to form a component into a divided structure. The present invention has been achieved by solving the problem by reaching a structure in which a transparent rod-shaped body 2 containing the composition 2 and a transparent substrate 1 are laminated in a plane shape, resulting in a large-area panel. By adopting the divided structure of the rod-shaped body, complete inorganic sealing or quasi-inorganic sealing (organic sealing only at both ends) can be prevented, and the problem of bubbles can be substantially stopped. Further, by arranging the rod-shaped body 3 in a substantially horizontal state on the ground, due to the effect of the divided structure of the rod-shaped body 3, even if the inclusion liquid is a low-viscosity aqueous solution composition, convection (surface unevenness due to vertical movement of the cloudy part) is generated. The occurrence of) can be prevented and a uniform white turbid state can be maintained. Further, the bubbles that may remain at the ends in the sealing process and the bubbles that may possibly be generated over time due to the organic sealing are also formed into large bubbles and moved by the effect of the divided structure of the rod-shaped body 3. It was very effective because it could maintain a uniform white turbidity and light-shielding state. In addition,
The bubbles at this end were hidden in the frame structure during actual use, and therefore had no adverse effect. More importantly, in the conventional non-divided simply laminated body, the aqueous solution composition 2 moves from the upper portion to the lower portion due to its own weight, the lower portion swells, and large bubbles are generated in the upper portion to achieve balance. I saw a bulge at the bottom and expansion of bubbles. However, when this aqueous solution composition 2 was laminated in a divided structure to form a panel, this problem was surely and completely solved. In addition, the divided structure of the rod-shaped body 3 was able to prevent the temperature shift agent from becoming uniform due to self-diffusion, and added higher functionality. Specifically, if the panel set in the window is designed to gradually lower the cloudiness start temperature from the lower part to the upper part, it is the same as the eaves that can block the direct rays entering from the upper part while maintaining the transparency and translucency of the lower part. It was especially effective for the south window in summer. Naturally, the light-shielding area of the panel and its degree naturally change autonomously depending on the intensity of the sun's rays, and it is possible to obtain an epoch-making highly functional window system.
【図１】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施例であるパネルの封止部の断面図
である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing portion of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】本発明の実施例であるパネルの断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a panel that is an embodiment of the present invention.
１ 基板 ２ 可逆的な曇点現象を示す水溶液組成物 ３ 棒状体 ４ 気体層 ５ 封止 ６ 散乱または吸収・反射層 ７ 枠 ８ 乾燥剤をもつスペーサー ９ 固定台 1 Substrate 2 Aqueous Composition Showing Reversible Cloud Point Phenomenon 3 Rod 4 Gas Layer 5 Encapsulation 6 Scattering or Absorption / Reflection Layer 7 Frame 8 Spacer with Desiccant 9 Fixing Stand
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (31)優先権主張番号 特願平8−21617 (32)優先日 平８(1996)１月16日 (33)優先権主張国 日本（ＪＰ） ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 8-21617 (32) Priority date Hei 8 (1996) January 16 (33) Priority claim country Japan (JP)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8108636AJPH09256752A (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | Panel and window used therefor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10320195 | 1995-04-05 | ||
| JP12877695 | 1995-05-01 | ||
| JP21301595 | 1995-07-31 | ||
| JP8-21617 | 1996-01-16 | ||
| JP2161796 | 1996-01-16 | ||
| JP7-213015 | 1996-01-16 | ||
| JP7-128776 | 1996-01-16 | ||
| JP7-103201 | 1996-01-16 | ||
| JP8108636AJPH09256752A (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | Panel and window used therefor |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09256752Atrue JPH09256752A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8108636APendingJPH09256752A (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | Panel and window used therefor |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09256752A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010002933A (en)* | 2001-04-02 | 2010-01-07 | E Ink Corp | Electrophoretic medium with improved image stability |
| WO2011106453A3 (en)* | 2010-02-24 | 2012-01-26 | Robert James Showers | Insulating Corrective Lens System for Windows |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010002933A (en)* | 2001-04-02 | 2010-01-07 | E Ink Corp | Electrophoretic medium with improved image stability |
| WO2011106453A3 (en)* | 2010-02-24 | 2012-01-26 | Robert James Showers | Insulating Corrective Lens System for Windows |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1046232C (en) | Self-responsive laminate and manufacturing method | |
| US6020989A (en) | Laminated bodies and windows using them | |
| US20160138324A1 (en) | Vacuum windows with reticulated spacer | |
| EP2486339B1 (en) | Solar energy collector and thermal storage device | |
| JP2002527326A5 (en) | ||
| ES2620324T3 (en) | Fire protection moon and fire protection glazing | |
| JPH09256752A (en) | Panel and window used therefor | |
| JPH10287449A (en) | Polymer aqueous solution laminate and its production | |
| CN206387978U (en) | The double glazing of built-in film plastic cement liquid crystal | |
| JPH09228763A (en) | Laminated pannel and window using same | |
| JPH09124347A (en) | Vacuum panel and window using the same | |
| JPH0882809A (en) | Laminated body, manufacturing method thereof and window using the same | |
| CN107092107A (en) | Building outer wall decorative material dimming glass | |
| CN208441307U (en) | A kind of glass curtain wall convenient for ventilation and heat | |
| JPH08303150A (en) | Divided panel and window using the panel | |
| CN217501466U (en) | High-strength radiation-proof heat-insulating hollow glass | |
| JP3337810B2 (en) | Autonomous response laminate, manufacturing method thereof and window using the same | |
| JP2001125151A (en) | Laminated body of functional material and method of producing the same | |
| CN203947975U (en) | A kind of sunshade low-e hollow glass | |
| CN213868478U (en) | Novel hollow glass | |
| JPH10316453A (en) | Laminate and window using the same | |
| JPH06127981A (en) | Composite laminated layer glass and window formed by using this glass | |
| JP3763635B2 (en) | Polymer aqueous solution laminate and process for producing the same | |
| JPH0876150A (en) | Rods and blinds using them | |
| JPH09169549A (en) | Production of laminated body |