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JPH0795056B2 - Biosensor - Google Patents

Biosensor

Info

Publication number
JPH0795056B2
JPH0795056B2JP62273684AJP27368487AJPH0795056B2JP H0795056 B2JPH0795056 B2JP H0795056B2JP 62273684 AJP62273684 AJP 62273684AJP 27368487 AJP27368487 AJP 27368487AJP H0795056 B2JPH0795056 B2JP H0795056B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
enzyme
electrode
layer
biosensor
salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62273684A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01114747A (en
Inventor
佐知子 末次
茂雄 小林
健一 森垣
きよみ 小松
史朗 南海
真理子 河栗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co LtdfiledCriticalMatsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP62273684ApriorityCriticalpatent/JPH0795056B2/en
Publication of JPH01114747ApublicationCriticalpatent/JPH01114747A/en
Publication of JPH0795056B2publicationCriticalpatent/JPH0795056B2/en
Anticipated expirationlegal-statusCritical
Expired - Lifetimelegal-statusCriticalCurrent

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Description

Translated fromJapanese

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、種々の試料中の特定成分を迅速かつ容易に定
量することのできるバイオセンサに関するものである。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a biosensor capable of rapidly and easily quantifying a specific component in various samples.

従来の技術 近年、酵素反応と電極反応に結びつけて、試料中の特定
成分を測定するバイオセンサが利用されるようになって
きた。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, biosensors that measure a specific component in a sample in association with an enzyme reaction and an electrode reaction have been used.

以下に従来のバイオセンサについて説明する。第3図は
従来のバイオセンサの断面図であり、12は絶縁性基板、
13と14は絶縁性基板12上に導電性カーボンペーストをス
クリーン印刷し、加熱乾燥して形成した測定極と対極で
ある。15は絶縁層で、絶縁性樹脂ペーストを絶縁性基板
12、測定極13、対極14上に前記同様、印刷,乾燥したも
のである。16は前記電極上に設置された粘着性構造体
で、17は粘着性構造体16上に固定された濾過層であり、
膜厚10μのポリカーボネート多孔体膜を使用している。
18は保持枠、19と20は保持枠18内に固定された反応層と
展開層で、反応層は担体としての多孔体に酸化還元酵
素、電子受容体と緩衝性塩を共存担持し、展開層にはセ
ルロース織布を用いている。
The conventional biosensor will be described below. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional biosensor, 12 is an insulating substrate,
Reference numerals 13 and 14 are a counter electrode and a counter electrode formed by screen-printing a conductive carbon paste on the insulating substrate 12 and heating and drying the paste. 15 is an insulating layer, and an insulating resin paste is used for the insulating substrate.
Printed and dried on the measuring electrode 13, the counter electrode 14, and the counter electrode 14 as described above. 16 is an adhesive structure installed on the electrode, 17 is a filtration layer fixed on the adhesive structure 16,
A polycarbonate porous film with a thickness of 10μ is used.
18 is a holding frame, and 19 and 20 are a reaction layer and a development layer fixed in the holding frame 18, and the reaction layer is a porous body as a carrier in which an oxidoreductase, an electron acceptor and a buffer salt coexist and are developed. Cellulose woven fabric is used for the layers.

以上のように構成されたバイオセンサについて、以下そ
の動作を説明する。試料液を上部から滴下すると、まず
展開層20を試料液が速やかに拡がり、次に反応層19への
液の降下が起こる。反応層では緩衝性塩の作用により試
料液のpHが一定に保たれ、試料液中の特定成分と、反応
層中の酸化還元酵素と電子受容体との間で酸化還元反応
が進行し、電子受容体が還元される。この時生成する電
子受容体の還元量は試料液中の特定成分量に比例する。
反応終了後の試料液は、測定を妨害するような巨大分子
が濾過層17で除去された後、電極上13,14へ降下する。
電極上では、電極反応により前記還元された電子受容体
の酸化を行い、その酸化電流値から試料液中の特定成分
量を測定する。
The operation of the biosensor configured as above will be described below. When the sample solution is dropped from the upper part, first, the sample solution spreads rapidly in the developing layer 20, and then the solution drops to the reaction layer 19. In the reaction layer, the pH of the sample solution is kept constant by the action of the buffering salt, and the redox reaction proceeds between the specific component in the sample solution and the oxidoreductase and electron acceptor in the reaction layer, and the electron The receptor is reduced. The reduction amount of the electron acceptor generated at this time is proportional to the amount of the specific component in the sample solution.
After the completion of the reaction, the macromolecules that interfere with the measurement are removed by the filtration layer 17 and then the sample liquid drops onto the electrodes 13 and 14.
On the electrode, the reduced electron acceptor is oxidized by the electrode reaction, and the amount of the specific component in the sample solution is measured from the oxidation current value.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながら前記の従来の構成では、反応層において酸
化還元酵素と緩衝性塩が共存して担持されていて、担持
過程での酵素と緩衝性塩溶液の濃縮乾燥の際、2種類の
緩衝性塩間の溶解度の差により、一時的に溶液のpHが酸
またはアルカリ側へ移動し、酵素たんぱく質を構成する
アミノ酸残基に影響を及ぼし、酵素の立体構造が破壊さ
れ、極端な場合、酵素が失活する。このため反応の安定
化に必要な活性を得るには多量の酵素を担持しなければ
ならないという問題点を有していた。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-described conventional configuration, the redox enzyme and the buffer salt coexist and are supported in the reaction layer, and when the enzyme and the buffer salt solution are concentrated and dried in the supporting process. Due to the difference in solubility between the two types of buffering salts, the pH of the solution temporarily shifts to the acid or alkali side, affecting the amino acid residues that make up the enzyme protein, destroying the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, In extreme cases, the enzyme is inactivated. Therefore, there is a problem that a large amount of enzyme must be supported in order to obtain the activity required for stabilizing the reaction.

本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決するもので、酵素のpH
変化による失活を阻止することにより、酵素の担持が少
量でも必要な活性を得ることができ、十分反応可能なバ
イオセンサの反応層を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the pH of the enzyme
It is an object of the present invention to provide a reaction layer of a biosensor capable of obtaining a required activity even if a small amount of an enzyme is supported, and capable of sufficiently reacting by preventing the inactivation due to a change.

問題点を解決するための手段 この目的を達成するために本発明のバイオセンサは、測
定極と対極とからなる電極系上に、緩衝性塩と酸化還元
酵素とを分離配置したものであり、好ましくは酸化還元
酵素より緩衝性塩が上部に存在する構成としたものであ
る。
Means for Solving the Problems To achieve this object, the biosensor of the present invention is one in which a buffer salt and a redox enzyme are separately arranged on an electrode system consisting of a measurement electrode and a counter electrode, Preferably, the buffer salt is present above the oxidoreductase.

作用 この構成によって、酸化還元酵素の乾燥担持の際、酵素
単独の水溶液が濃縮してゆくため、溶液のpHが中性に保
たれ、酵素が安定に保持されて失活が防止され、少量の
酵素担持量で高精度の測定が可能になることとなる。ま
た実際の測定の際には、まず上部に担持された緩衝性塩
を溶解した試料緩衝液中で酵素反応を行うことができ
る。
Action With this configuration, when the redox enzyme is dried and supported, the aqueous solution of the enzyme alone is concentrated, so that the pH of the solution is kept neutral, the enzyme is stably retained and inactivation is prevented, and a small amount of It becomes possible to measure with high accuracy by the amount of enzyme carried. In the actual measurement, first, the enzyme reaction can be carried out in a sample buffer solution in which the buffer salt supported on the top is dissolved.

実 施 例 以下本発明の実施例の一例としてのグルコースセンサに
ついて、図面を参照しながら説明する。
Example Hereinafter, a glucose sensor as an example of an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明の一実施例におけるグルコースセンサの
断面図を模式的に示すものである。第1図において、1
は絶縁性基板、2は測定極、3は対極、4は絶縁層、5
は粘着性構造体、6は濾過層、7は保持枠、11は展開層
で、これらは従来例の構成と同じものである。8,9,10は
本発明の反応層で、8は電子受容体担持層、9は酵素担
持層、10は緩衝性塩担持層であり、各々、担体としての
セルロース多孔体を、電子受容体溶液としてのフェリシ
アン化カリウム水溶液、酵素水溶液としてのグルコース
オキシダーゼ(GOD)水溶液、緩衝液としてリン酸−水
素カリウムとリン酸水素二カリウムの水溶液(pH5.6)
に含浸後、乾燥し作成したものである。
FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a glucose sensor in one embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1
Is an insulating substrate, 2 is a measuring electrode, 3 is a counter electrode, 4 is an insulating layer, 5
Is an adhesive structure, 6 is a filter layer, 7 is a holding frame, and 11 is a spreading layer, and these are the same as those of the conventional example. 8, 9 and 10 are reaction layers of the present invention, 8 is an electron acceptor supporting layer, 9 is an enzyme supporting layer, and 10 is a buffering salt supporting layer. Potassium ferricyanide solution as a solution, glucose oxidase (GOD) solution as an enzyme solution, potassium phosphate-hydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate as a buffer solution (pH 5.6)
It was prepared by impregnating and then drying.

以上のように構成された本実施例のグルコースセンサに
ついて、以下その動作を説明する。まず、試料液を第1
図の上部に滴下すると、展開層11に拡がり、緩衝性塩担
持層10において、緩衝性塩の緩衝性によりグルコースオ
キシダーゼの最も安定的に活性を得ることのできるpH5.
6に調整された後、酵素担持層9で試料液中のグルコー
スと、グルコースオキシダーゼが特異的に反応し、さら
に電子受容体担持層8において前記酵素担持層9での反
応生成物とフェリシアン化カリウムの反応により、フェ
ロシアン化カリウムが生成する。そして従来例と同様、
濾過層6を通過し、電極系2,3上に降下した試料液中の
フェロシアン化カリウムの酸化電流値を測定することに
より試料中のグリコース濃度を検知できる。
The operation of the glucose sensor having the above-described structure according to this embodiment will be described below. First, the sample liquid
When dropped at the top of the figure, it spreads to the spreading layer 11 and, in the buffering salt-supporting layer 10, the pH 5 at which glucose oxidase can obtain the most stable activity due to the buffering property of the buffering salt.
After being adjusted to 6, the glucose in the sample solution specifically reacts with glucose oxidase in the enzyme-supporting layer 9, and the reaction product in the enzyme-supporting layer 9 and potassium ferricyanide in the electron-acceptor supporting layer 8 are further reacted. The reaction produces potassium ferrocyanide. And like the conventional example,
The concentration of glucose in the sample can be detected by measuring the oxidation current value of potassium ferrocyanide in the sample solution that has passed through the filtration layer 6 and dropped onto the electrode systems 2 and 3.

第2図は前記のバイオセンサで測定した酸化電流値とグ
リコース濃度との関係を示すものである。Aは本発明
の、反応層を緩衝性塩担持層、酵素担持層、電子受容体
担持層に3分割分離して形成したもので、B,Cは従来例
の緩衝性塩,酵素,電子受容体を一つの反対層内に共存
して担持したものである。
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the oxidation current value measured by the biosensor and the glucose concentration. A is a reaction layer of the present invention, which is formed by dividing into a buffering salt-supporting layer, an enzyme-supporting layer, and an electron acceptor-supporting layer into three parts. B and C are conventional buffering salts, enzymes, and electron-accepting layers. The body coexists in one opposite layer.

なお、測定は各グルコース濃度で各々10回行い、その平
均値とばらつきの幅を図中に示す。また、1回の測定に
使用するグルコースオキシダーゼの平均担持活性量は、
Aは10ユニット、Bは100ユニット、Cは10ユニットで
あり、その他の測定条件はA,B,Cとも等しい。この図よ
り、Aでは電流値とグリコース濃度は360mg/dlまで非常
に良い直線性を示し、各グリコース濃度においても安定
した測定値が得られる。これに対し、従来例のB,Cにお
いては、Bのようにグルコースオキシダーゼを多量に担
持すれば、グルコース濃度360mg/dlまでの直線性と測定
値の安定性が得られる。しかし、Cのようにグルコース
オキシダーゼの担持量が少量になると、100mg/dl以上の
高濃度域での直線性が得られず、また各グルコース濃度
における測定値のばらつきも大きい。
The measurement was performed 10 times at each glucose concentration, and the average value and the range of variation are shown in the figure. In addition, the average supported activity of glucose oxidase used for one measurement is
A is 10 units, B is 100 units, C is 10 units, and other measurement conditions are the same as A, B, and C. From this figure, in A, the current value and the glucose concentration show a very good linearity up to 360 mg / dl, and stable measured values can be obtained even at each glucose concentration. On the other hand, in the conventional examples B and C, when a large amount of glucose oxidase is carried as in B, linearity up to a glucose concentration of 360 mg / dl and stability of measured values can be obtained. However, when the amount of glucose oxidase carried is small like C, the linearity in the high concentration range of 100 mg / dl or more cannot be obtained, and the measured values vary widely at each glucose concentration.

以上のように本実施例によれば、緩衝性塩と酵素とを分
離して乾燥担持することにより、少量のグルコースオキ
シダーゼ量でもグルコース量を精度良く測定することが
できる。これはグルコースオキシダーゼの乾燥担持の
際、溶液の中性が保たれ、グルコースオキシダーゼがpH
変化より失活することを防止できるためと考えられる。
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the amount of glucose can be accurately measured even with a small amount of glucose oxidase by separating the buffer salt and the enzyme and carrying them dry. This is because the neutrality of the solution is maintained during the dry loading of glucose oxidase,
It is thought that it is possible to prevent deactivation rather than change.

なお本実施例では緩衝性塩と酸化還元酵素と電子受容体
を各々分離した構造としたが、緩衝性塩と電子受容体、
酸化還元酵素と電子受容体とは共存して担持しても本実
施例と同様の効果が得られた。
In this example, the buffer salt, the oxidoreductase, and the electron acceptor were separated from each other, but the buffer salt, the electron acceptor, and
Even when the oxidoreductase and the electron acceptor coexist and were carried, the same effect as in this example was obtained.

また本実施例では緩衝液としてKH2PO4−K2HPO4緩衝液を
用いたが、緩衝液は酢酸−NaOH緩衝液でも良い。
Further, in this example, the KH2 PO4 —K2 HPO4 buffer was used as the buffer, but the buffer may be an acetic acid-NaOH buffer.

さらに本実施例では、電極系を測定極と対極の2極系と
したが、電極系は参照極を加えて3極系でも良い。その
場合には、電位が安定し、より精度良く測定できる。
Further, in this embodiment, the electrode system is a two-pole system including a measurement electrode and a counter electrode, but the electrode system may be a three-pole system by adding a reference electrode. In that case, the potential is stable and more accurate measurement can be performed.

電子受容体としては、上記に用いたフェリシアン化カリ
ウム以外にも、P−ベンゾキノン,メチレンブルーなど
も使用できる。
As the electron acceptor, in addition to potassium ferricyanide used above, P-benzoquinone, methylene blue and the like can be used.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明によれば、測定極と対極とからなる
電極系を設け、この電極上に酸化還元酵素と電子受容体
と緩衝性塩とを乾燥状態で保持する構成のバイオセンサ
において、酸化還元酵素と分離した場所に緩衝性塩を担
持させることにより、グルコースオキシダーゼが少量で
も十分な活性が保持され、十分精度良く測定できるとい
う効果が得られる。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the present invention, an electrode system including a measurement electrode and a counter electrode is provided, and a biosensor having a structure in which a redox enzyme, an electron acceptor, and a buffer salt are held in a dry state on the electrode. In the sensor, by supporting the buffer salt at a location separated from the oxidoreductase, glucose oxidase retains sufficient activity even in a small amount, and the effect that measurement can be performed with sufficient accuracy can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は本発明の一実施例におけるバイオセンサの断面
図、第2図はバイオセンサの応答特性図、第3図は従来
例におけるバイオセンサの断面図である。 1……絶縁性基板、2……測定極、3……対極、4……
絶縁層、6……濾過層、8……電子受容体担持層、9…
…酵素担持層、10……緩衝性塩担持層。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a biosensor in one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a response characteristic diagram of the biosensor, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a biosensor in a conventional example. 1 ... Insulating substrate, 2 ... Measuring electrode, 3 ... Counter electrode, 4 ...
Insulating layer, 6 ... Filtration layer, 8 ... Electron acceptor supporting layer, 9 ...
... enzyme supporting layer, 10 ... buffering salt supporting layer.

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 小松 きよみ 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 南海 史朗 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 河栗 真理子 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内Front page continued (72) Inventor Kiyomi Komatsu 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shiro Nankai 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture (72) Invention Person Mariko Kawaguri 1006, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

Translated fromJapanese
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]【請求項1】測定極と対極とからなる電極系を設け、こ
の電極系上に酸化還元酵素、電子受容体と緩衝性塩(溶
液状態で緩衝作用を示す塩)とを乾燥状態で保持させた
構成のバイオセンサにおいて前記酸化還元酵素と分離し
た場所に、緩衝性塩を担持させたことを特徴とするバイ
オセンサ。
1. An electrode system comprising a measuring electrode and a counter electrode is provided, and an oxidoreductase, an electron acceptor and a buffering salt (a salt which exhibits a buffering action in a solution state) are kept in a dry state on the electrode system. In the biosensor having the above structure, a buffer salt is supported at a location separated from the oxidoreductase.
【請求項2】緩衝性塩の担持場所が、前記酵素担持場所
より上部に存在する特許請求の範囲第1項記載のバイオ
センサ。
2. The biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the buffer salt-supporting site is located above the enzyme-supporting site.
JP62273684A1987-10-291987-10-29 BiosensorExpired - LifetimeJPH0795056B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
JP62273684AJPH0795056B2 (en)1987-10-291987-10-29 Biosensor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
JP62273684AJPH0795056B2 (en)1987-10-291987-10-29 Biosensor

Publications (2)

Publication NumberPublication Date
JPH01114747A JPH01114747A (en)1989-05-08
JPH0795056B2true JPH0795056B2 (en)1995-10-11

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Family Applications (1)

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JP (1)JPH0795056B2 (en)

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