【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は流体摩擦抵抗を低減させ
る方法に関する。流体摩擦抵抗は、流体と運動物体表面
の間の相対的運動を維持するために必要な動力エネルギ
ーを決定する要因である。従って、流体中を移動運動す
る物体の表面の流体摩擦抵抗を低減する適当な方法が開
発され、そのような方法を、例えば、船舶等の船体表面
に適用するならば、推進に必要な動力を減らすことが可
能となり、推進機の翼の表面に施工すれば損失エネルギ
ーを低減することができ、すなわち、省エネルギー化を
実現することができる。同様に、航空機の翼、胴体や突
起部分等に適用すれば、抵抗が減少するため同様の効果
が得られる。FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for reducing fluid frictional resistance. Fluid frictional resistance is a factor that determines the kinetic energy required to maintain relative motion between the fluid and the surface of a moving object. Therefore, a suitable method for reducing the fluid frictional resistance of the surface of an object moving in a fluid has been developed, and if such a method is applied to the surface of a hull such as a ship, the power required for propulsion is increased. It becomes possible to reduce the energy loss, and it is possible to reduce the energy loss by constructing on the surface of the blade of the propulsion machine, that is, it is possible to realize energy saving. Similarly, when applied to the wings, fuselage, protrusions, etc. of an aircraft, the same effect can be obtained because the resistance is reduced.
【０００２】また、空気、水、蒸気、ガス、石油等の流
体を輸送する管路に適用するならば、ポンプや送風機に
要する動力を減らすことができ、ポンプや送風機などの
流体機器の効率を改善し、流動を滑らかにするため発生
する騒音を低減するのにも役立つ。また、建築物等の表
面に適用するならば、流体の作用する力を減らし、さら
に励起される渦の強さも減るために、揺れ、風切り音や
ビル風等を低減することもできる。電線等に適用すれ
ば、うなり防止できる。さらにまた、スキー、スケー
ト、陸上などの空気の抵抗が勝敗に関係するスポーツ
や、水泳等の水中での高速を競うスポーツ等のユニフォ
ームに適用するならば、記録を更新することができるで
あろう。Further, if it is applied to a pipeline for transporting a fluid such as air, water, steam, gas, oil, etc., the power required for a pump or a blower can be reduced, and the efficiency of fluid equipment such as a pump or a blower can be improved. It also helps to improve and smooth the flow and reduce the noise generated. Further, when applied to the surface of a building or the like, the force exerted by the fluid is reduced and the strength of the excited vortex is also reduced, so that shaking, wind noise, building wind, etc. can be reduced. If applied to electric wires, etc., it can prevent humming. Furthermore, if it is applied to uniforms such as skiing, skating, and land-related air resistance, or sports such as swimming that compete for high speed in the water, the record could be updated. ..
【０００３】従って、摩擦損失低減技術は船舶や航空機
等の省エネ化や高速化を目指して活発に研究されてい
る。しかしながら、まだ、決定的に有効な技術は開発実
用化されていないのが現状である。このように、本発明
は、流体を取り扱う分野に広く応用することができる所
の流体摩擦抵抗を低減させる方法に関するものである。Therefore, friction loss reduction technology has been actively researched with the aim of saving energy and increasing the speed of ships and aircrafts. However, in the present situation, a decisively effective technique has not yet been developed and put into practical use. Thus, the present invention relates to a method of reducing fluid frictional resistance, which can be widely applied to the field of handling fluids.
【０００４】[0004]
【従来の技術】従来、流体の摩擦抵抗を減らすことはで
きないものと考えられていた。しかしながら、微細な糸
状物質（高分子物質または短い繊維状物質）を流体中に
混入すると流動摩擦抵抗が低減する現象（トム効果）を
応用した技術（糸状物質添加法）が、２０年程前から研
究され始め、また、表面に流れ方向に整列した多数の微
細な溝状構造（マイクロリブレットと呼ばれることもあ
る）を施工（機械的加工、または、型押し整形したシー
トを接着）することにより流動摩擦抵抗を低減する方法
（微細溝列法）が、１０年程度前から研究され始められ
ている。さらに、表面を柔軟な膜で被覆する効果とし
て、流れの乱れの発生を抑制し、層流状態を維持するこ
とによって流動摩擦抵抗を小さく保持する技術（弾性膜
法）が研究されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it has been considered that the frictional resistance of fluid cannot be reduced. However, a technology (filament material addition method) that applied the phenomenon of reducing the flow frictional resistance (Tom effect) when a fine filamentous material (polymeric material or short fibrous material) is mixed into a fluid has been used for about 20 years. Started to be researched, and flowed by applying (mechanical processing or bonding a sheet that was embossed and shaped) with numerous fine groove-shaped structures (sometimes called micro riblets) aligned in the flow direction on the surface Research on a method for reducing frictional resistance (fine groove array method) has been started for about 10 years. Further, as an effect of covering the surface with a flexible film, a technique (elastic film method) of suppressing flow turbulence and keeping a flow friction resistance small by maintaining a laminar flow state has been studied.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】糸状物質添加法は、有
効成分である高分子や繊維が一定濃度以上で流体中に混
入されている必要があるため、船舶等では船体表面より
高濃度溶液を注入する方法が考案されている。しかし、
有効成分は流れの中に拡散してしまうため、連続的に注
入しなければならないという問題点を有する。その結果
として、多量の有効成分を消費するという問題点があ
り、さらに、公害や汚染を引き起こすという問題点もあ
る。In the method for adding a filamentous substance, the polymer or fiber as an active ingredient needs to be mixed in a fluid at a certain concentration or more in the method of adding a filamentous substance. A method of injection has been devised. But,
Since the active ingredient diffuses in the flow, it has a problem that it must be continuously injected. As a result, there is a problem that a large amount of active ingredient is consumed, and further there is a problem that pollution and pollution are caused.
【０００６】微細溝列法は、使用条件（物体寸法、流
速、流の向き、流体の物性）に適した寸法・形状（溝
幅、間隔、突起部形状）の微細溝を物体表面に施工しな
ければならない。微細溝を作り出す表面加工は精密を要
し工数が掛かるという問題点がある。また、使用条件毎
に微細溝の形状寸法を変えなければならないことも、こ
の方法の問題点である。In the fine groove array method, fine grooves having a size and shape (groove width, interval, protrusion shape) suitable for use conditions (object size, flow velocity, flow direction, physical property of fluid) are formed on the object surface. There must be. There is a problem in that the surface processing for producing fine grooves requires precision and requires many man-hours. Further, it is also a problem of this method that the shape and size of the fine groove must be changed for each use condition.
【０００７】弾性膜法は、流動条件に応じた剛性と厚さ
を持った膜を表面に施工しなければならず、どのような
膜が有効であり、それをどのように製作するかというこ
との一般性のある結論も得られていない。層流から乱流
への遷移を遅らせると言う効果に立脚するため、流れの
方向に測った寸法が小さい物体が比較的低速の流れの中
に置かれた場合にのみ有効である。In the elastic membrane method, a membrane having rigidity and thickness according to the flow condition must be applied on the surface, which membrane is effective, and how to fabricate it. The general conclusion of is not obtained. Based on the effect of delaying the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, it is only effective when an object with a small dimension measured in the flow direction is placed in a relatively slow flow.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本願発明者は、これらの
問題点について鋭意研究の結果、物体の表面に多数の柔
軟性のある微細毛状突起体を分布させることを知見し、
この知見に基づいて、本願発明の物体表面に微細毛状突
起体を分布配置することを特徴とする該物体表面の流体
摩擦抵抗を低減させる方法を発明するに至った。As a result of earnest research on these problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that a large number of flexible fine hairy protrusions are distributed on the surface of an object,
Based on this finding, the inventors have invented a method of reducing the fluid frictional resistance of the object surface, which is characterized in that the fine hairy projections are distributed and arranged on the object surface of the present invention.
【０００９】本願発明において、微細毛状突起体の形状
は、単一繊維型、薄い膜を裁断した水草様の紐型、茎部
に房状部が取り付けられた海草様の形状、木の葉様及び
羽毛様の形状のいずれも有効である。微細毛状突起体の
材質としては、金属繊維、金属箔、絹や木綿等の天然繊
維、ナイロンやテフロン等の合成高分子繊維や薄膜を用
いることができる。また、これらの素材に、印象加工し
て、表面に微細溝列様の表面模様を作り出すこと、及
び、部分的な剛性を付与することも有効である。In the present invention, the shape of fine trichomes is a single fiber type, an aquatic-like string type in which a thin film is cut, a seaweed-like shape in which tufts are attached to stems, a leaf-like shape and Any feather-like shape is effective. As the material of the fine hairy protrusions, metal fibers, metal foils, natural fibers such as silk and cotton, synthetic polymer fibers such as nylon and Teflon, and thin films can be used. It is also effective to perform impression processing on these materials to create a surface pattern like a fine groove array on the surface and to impart partial rigidity.
【００１０】微小毛状突起体は、物体表面をほぼ一様な
密度で覆う様に分散して配置する。微細毛状突起体の長
さは、相互間隔の４分の一程度から有効である。短い場
合は、微細溝列法に近い効果が得られる。長い場合は、
弾性膜法の効果が付け加えて得られる。従って、長さ
は、目的に応じて選択する。The micro-capillary projections are dispersed and arranged so as to cover the object surface with a substantially uniform density. The length of the fine trichomes is effective from about 1/4 of the mutual interval. When the length is short, an effect close to that of the fine groove array method can be obtained. If long,
The effect of the elastic membrane method is additionally obtained. Therefore, the length is selected according to the purpose.
【００１１】微細毛状突起体の取り付け方は、流れによ
って物体表面に沿うようにし、物体表面の流動摩擦抵抗
を低減させたい部分を覆うようにする。物体表面への取
り付け加工は、物体表面へ直接植え付ける方法、及び、
表面材料を予め製作して置いて物体へ接着等の手段で被
覆する方法を用いることができる。The fine hair-like protrusions are attached along the surface of the object by the flow, and cover the portion of the object surface where the flow friction resistance is desired to be reduced. The attachment processing to the object surface is a method of directly implanting on the object surface, and
It is possible to use a method in which the surface material is manufactured in advance and placed and coated on the object by means such as adhesion.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の効果】上記のごとく物体表面に植え付けられた
微細毛状突起体群は、物体表面の近傍に糸状物質添加法
の有効成分が常に有効な濃度で存在する状態を作り出す
ため、糸状物質添加法と同様のメカニズムによって流体
摩擦抵抗の低減効果をもたらす。微細毛状突起体は流れ
方向にたなびいて整列することによって、微細溝列と類
似の表面形状を形成する。そのため、微細溝列法と同様
の効果を生じる。さらに、毛状微細突起は、流れによっ
て表面に沿うように傾斜し流速に応じて自動的に最適な
高さに調節されるため、微細溝列法よりも広範な流動条
件で流体摩擦抵抗の低減効果が生じる。微細毛状突起体
を分布させた表面は、柔軟であるため弾性膜法と同様の
メカニズムによって層流維持効果が生じ、低い流速での
流動摩擦抵抗の低減効果が生じる。As described above, the group of fine hairy projections planted on the surface of the object creates a state in which the active ingredient of the method for adding the thready substance is always present in an effective concentration in the vicinity of the surface of the object. The mechanism similar to the method brings about the effect of reducing the fluid frictional resistance. The fine hair-like protrusions are arranged in the flow direction so as to be aligned with each other to form a surface shape similar to that of the fine groove array. Therefore, the same effect as the fine groove array method is produced. Furthermore, the hair-like fine protrusions are inclined along the surface by the flow and automatically adjusted to the optimum height according to the flow velocity, so the fluid friction resistance is reduced under a wider range of flow conditions than the fine groove array method. The effect occurs. Since the surface on which the fine hairy protrusions are distributed is flexible, a laminar flow maintaining effect is produced by a mechanism similar to that of the elastic film method, and a flow frictional resistance reducing effect at a low flow velocity is produced.
【００１３】さらに、本願発明の方法に糸状物質添加法
を組み合わせて適用すると、流動摩擦抵抗をさらに低減
させることができる。また、微細毛状突起体を分布させ
た物体表面に注入された糸状物質は、ゆっくりと拡散・
分散するため、有効成分の消費量が減少するという経済
的効果も生じる。すなわち、本願発明により、物体表面
に微細毛状体を分布させることによって、流動摩擦抵抗
を低減することができ、また、本願発明の方法は、広い
流動条件で低減効果が保持され、低流速で層流を維持す
る効果も得られる。流れが滑らかになるため、乱れが減
少し、騒音も低減される。Further, when the method of the present invention is applied in combination with the method of adding a filamentous substance, the flow friction resistance can be further reduced. In addition, the filamentous material injected on the surface of the object in which the fine hairy protrusions are distributed slowly diffuses and
Since it is dispersed, there is also an economic effect that consumption of the active ingredient is reduced. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the flow frictional resistance by distributing the fine capillaries on the surface of the object, and the method of the present invention maintains the reducing effect under a wide flow condition and at a low flow velocity. The effect of maintaining a laminar flow is also obtained. The smooth flow reduces turbulence and noise.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成４年１１月１６日[Submission date] November 16, 1992
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】発明の名称[Name of item to be amended] Title of invention
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【発明の名称】流動摩擦抵抗を逓減させる方法Title: Method for gradually reducing flow frictional resistance
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 // Ｃ１０Ｎ 20:06 Ｂ 8217−4Ｈ 30:06 50:08─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl.5 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location // C10N 20:06 B 8217-4H 30:06 50:08
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3105274AJPH05147572A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1991-02-14 | Method to gradually reduce flow friction resistance |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3105274AJPH05147572A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1991-02-14 | Method to gradually reduce flow friction resistance |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05147572Atrue JPH05147572A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3105274APendingJPH05147572A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1991-02-14 | Method to gradually reduce flow friction resistance |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05147572A (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7156032B2 (en)* | 2003-08-22 | 2007-01-02 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body |
| US7455021B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2008-11-25 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body |
| JP2013185065A (en)* | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-19 | Tokyo Metropolitan Univ | Resistance reducing agent and fluid control method |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7156032B2 (en)* | 2003-08-22 | 2007-01-02 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body |
| US7455021B2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2008-11-25 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body |
| JP2013185065A (en)* | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-19 | Tokyo Metropolitan Univ | Resistance reducing agent and fluid control method |
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