【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、焦点距離を電気的に変
えられるレンズの構造に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lens structure whose focal length can be changed electrically.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の可変焦点レンズの例としては、特
開昭６３ー２４９１２５に記載されているように、液晶
を用いてフレネルゾーンプレートを構成する方法が考え
られていた。そこに記載されている電極パターンは図５
に示す様になっており、電極パターン５０１の一部を除
去して電極引き出し線５０２を設けるようになってい
る。2. Description of the Related Art As an example of a conventional variable focus lens, there has been considered a method of forming a Fresnel zone plate using a liquid crystal as described in JP-A-63-249125. The electrode pattern described there is shown in FIG.
The electrode lead-out line 502 is provided by removing a part of the electrode pattern 501.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、フレネ
ルゾーンプレートにおける輪帯状の電極パターンの一部
の欠落は、結像特性を劣化させる、という問題点があっ
た。However, there is a problem that a part of the ring-shaped electrode pattern on the Fresnel zone plate is lost, which deteriorates the image forming characteristics.
【０００４】本発明はこの様な問題を解決するものであ
り、その目的とするところは、欠落のない輪帯状電極か
ら成り、良好な結像特性をもつ可変焦点レンズを提供す
るところにある。The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a varifocal lens which is composed of a ring-shaped electrode having no omission and has good image forming characteristics.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の第１の可変焦点
レンズは、屈折率可変材料が輪帯状電極と対向電極とに
挟持されている可変焦点レンズにおいて、前記輪帯状電
極の電極引き出し線が前記輪帯状電極とは異なる面内に
あることを特徴とする。A first variable focus lens of the present invention is a variable focus lens in which a variable refractive index material is sandwiched between an annular electrode and a counter electrode, and an electrode lead line of the annular electrode is provided. Is in a plane different from that of the ring-shaped electrode.
【０００６】本発明の第２の可変焦点レンズは、前記第
１の可変焦点レンズにおいて、電極引き出し線と、該電
極引き出し線と輪帯状電極とを接続する接続部と、前記
輪帯状電極とが順次積層され、各層において導体間を該
導体と同じ厚みの透明絶縁膜で埋めたことを特徴とす
る。According to a second variable focus lens of the present invention, in the first variable focus lens, an electrode lead line, a connecting portion connecting the electrode lead line and the ring-shaped electrode, and the ring-shaped electrode are provided. It is characterized in that they are sequentially laminated, and the conductors in each layer are filled with a transparent insulating film having the same thickness as the conductor.
【０００７】本発明の第３の可変焦点レンズは、前記第
１の可変焦点レンズにおいて、屈折率可変材料が液晶で
あることを特徴とする。A third variable focus lens of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first variable focus lens, the refractive index variable material is liquid crystal.
【０００８】本発明の第４の可変焦点レンズは、前記第
１の可変焦点レンズにおいて、最内周の電極以外の輪帯
状電極の幅が等しいことを特徴とする。A fourth variable focus lens of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first variable focus lens, the widths of the ring-shaped electrodes other than the innermost electrode are equal.
【０００９】本発明の第５の可変焦点レンズは、前記第
１の可変焦点レンズにおいて、隣合う複数の輪帯状電極
にステップ状に電圧を印加することを特徴とする。A fifth variable focus lens according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first variable focus lens, a voltage is applied stepwise to a plurality of adjacent annular electrodes.
【００１０】本発明の第６の可変焦点レンズは、前記第
１の可変焦点レンズにおいて、輪帯状電極が楕円状のパ
ターンを有することを特徴とする。A sixth variable focus lens of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first variable focus lens, the ring-shaped electrode has an elliptical pattern.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】位相の周期構造によってレンズ作用を持つフレ
ネルレンズでは、焦点距離は位相の周期構造のパターン
によって決まる。逆に言えば、位相の周期構造のパター
ンを変えることによって焦点距離を変えることができ
る。どれだけ細かく位相の周期構造を変えてやれば良い
かということから決まる細さの輪帯状電極を用意してお
き、この電極に印加する電圧によって液晶の配向を変
え、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変えてやることによ
って位相を変化させる。所望の焦点距離に対応する位相
の周期構造のパターンに合う輪帯状電極を選択して電圧
を印加することによって所望の焦点距離を得ることがで
きる。In the Fresnel lens having the lens action due to the periodic structure of the phase, the focal length is determined by the pattern of the periodic structure of the phase. Conversely speaking, the focal length can be changed by changing the pattern of the periodic structure of the phase. A ring-shaped electrode with a thinness determined by how finely the periodic structure of the phase should be changed is prepared, the orientation of the liquid crystal is changed by the voltage applied to this electrode, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal to incident light is changed. The phase is changed by changing. A desired focal length can be obtained by selecting a ring-shaped electrode that matches the pattern of the periodic structure having a phase corresponding to the desired focal length and applying a voltage.
【００１２】[0012]
（実施例１）図１は本発明の可変焦点レンズの構成を示
す図である。図１（ａ）は断面図であり、図１（ｂ）は
電極だけを抜き出して描いた平面図である。図１（ａ）
は図１（ｂ）のＡーＢ断面を示している。見やすくする
ために図の電極数は実際より少なく描いてある。(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a variable focus lens of the present invention. 1A is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 1B is a plan view in which only the electrodes are extracted and drawn. Figure 1 (a)
Shows the AB cross section of FIG. 1 (b). The number of electrodes in the figure is drawn smaller than it is for the sake of clarity.
【００１３】透明な基板であるガラス基板１０１上に、
電極引き出し線１０２が形成される。電極引き出し線１
０２は透明導電膜から成る。電極引き出し線１０２のパ
ターン以外の部分には、電極引き出し線１０２と同じ厚
みを持つ透明絶縁膜１０３が形成される。続いて、電極
引き出し線１０２と輪帯状電極１０６を接続するための
接続部１０４が形成される。接続部１０４は透明導電膜
から成る。接続部１０４のパターン以外の部分には、接
続部１０４と同じ厚みを持つ透明絶縁膜１０５が形成さ
れる。On a glass substrate 101 which is a transparent substrate,
The electrode lead wire 102 is formed. Electrode lead wire 1
02 is made of a transparent conductive film. A transparent insulating film 103 having the same thickness as the electrode lead-out line 102 is formed on a portion other than the pattern of the electrode lead-out line 102. Subsequently, a connecting portion 104 for connecting the electrode lead wire 102 and the ring-shaped electrode 106 is formed. The connection portion 104 is made of a transparent conductive film. A transparent insulating film 105 having the same thickness as the connecting portion 104 is formed on the portion other than the pattern of the connecting portion 104.
【００１４】さらに、液晶１０８の屈折率を制御してフ
レネルレンズを形成するための輪帯状電極１０６が形成
される。輪帯状電極１０６は透明導電膜から成る。輪帯
状電極１０６のパターン以外の部分には、輪帯状電極１
０６と同じ厚みを持つ透明絶縁膜１０７が形成される。Further, an annular electrode 106 for controlling the refractive index of the liquid crystal 108 to form a Fresnel lens is formed. The ring-shaped electrode 106 is made of a transparent conductive film. The ring-shaped electrode 1 is formed on the portion other than the pattern of the ring-shaped electrode 106.
A transparent insulating film 107 having the same thickness as 06 is formed.
【００１５】電極引き出し線１０２、接続部１０４、及
び輪帯状電極１０６を構成する透明導電膜としては酸化
インジウムと酸化錫とから成るＩＴＯを用いることがで
きる。ITO composed of indium oxide and tin oxide can be used as the transparent conductive film forming the electrode lead wire 102, the connecting portion 104, and the ring-shaped electrode 106.
【００１６】また、透明導電膜のパターン以外の部分を
埋める透明絶縁膜１０３、１０５、１０７としては、透
明導電膜との屈折率差による不要な回折を防ぐために、
透明導電膜の屈折率と同じ屈折率を持つ材料を用いるの
が最適であるが、現実的には電極引き出し線の屈折率に
なるべく近い屈折率を持つ材料を使うことになる。例え
ば酸化セリウム（ＣｅＯ2）、酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ）、
酸化ジルコニウム（ＺｒＯ2）などである。Further, as the transparent insulating films 103, 105 and 107 for filling the portions other than the pattern of the transparent conductive film, in order to prevent unnecessary diffraction due to the difference in refractive index with the transparent conductive film,
It is optimal to use a material having the same refractive index as that of the transparent conductive film, but in reality, a material having a refractive index as close as possible to the refractive index of the electrode lead line will be used. For example, cerium oxide (CeO2 ), silicon oxide (SiO),
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) and the like.
【００１７】液晶１０８はガラス基板１１０に形成され
ている透明導電膜から成る共通電極１０９と、輪帯状電
極１０６および透明絶縁膜１０７の間に封入されてい
る。The liquid crystal 108 is sealed between the common electrode 109 formed of a transparent conductive film formed on the glass substrate 110, the ring-shaped electrode 106 and the transparent insulating film 107.
【００１８】本実施例における可変焦点レンズは、位相
の周期構造によってレンズ作用を持つフレネルレンズで
あり、その中でもブレーズ型フレネルレンズと呼ばれて
いるものである。図２を用いて本実施例における可変焦
点レンズの動作を説明する。軸対称のプラスレンズの位
相分布を図２（ａ）に示す。横軸はレンズの半径Ｒを表
しており、縦軸は位相を表している。レンズの中心Ｏか
らレンズ外周に向かって位相が周期的に、かつ鋸歯状に
２πずつ変化している。位相が０から−２πにかわる一
周期をゾーンと呼ぶことにする。ゾーンの半径Ｒmは次
式で与えられる。The varifocal lens in this embodiment is a Fresnel lens having a lens action due to the periodic structure of the phase, and among them, it is called a blazed Fresnel lens. The operation of the variable focus lens in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The phase distribution of the axisymmetric plus lens is shown in FIG. The horizontal axis represents the radius R of the lens, and the vertical axis represents the phase. The phase changes from the center O of the lens toward the outer periphery of the lens periodically and in a sawtooth shape by 2π. One period in which the phase changes from 0 to −2π is called a zone. The radius Rm of the zone is given by the following equation.
【００１９】 Ｒm＝（２ｍλｆ＋（ｍλ）2）1/2 … （１） ここで、ｍは整数、λは波長、ｆは焦点距離である。つ
まり、レンズの焦点距離ｆが決まるとゾーンの位置が決
まる。従って、所望の焦点距離を実現するＲmを計算
し、そのパターンに対応した輪帯状電極を選択して電圧
を印加し、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変えて所望の
位相分布をつければ、所望の焦点距離が実現できる。こ
の場合、一つのゾーン内の位相を０からー２πまで連続
的に変化させるのが望ましいが、離散的な輪帯状電極に
よって液晶の屈折率を変えるので、位相変化も離散的に
なる。従って、できるだけ理想的な位相分布に近づける
ように各輪帯状電極に印加する電圧を制御する。これを
図２（ｂ）及び図２（ｃ）を用いて具体的に説明する。Rm = (2mλf + (mλ)2 )1/2 (1) Here, m is an integer, λ is a wavelength, and f is a focal length. That is, the position of the zone is determined when the focal length f of the lens is determined. Therefore, by calculating Rm that realizes a desired focal length, selecting a ring-shaped electrode corresponding to the pattern, applying a voltage, and changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal with respect to incident light to give a desired phase distribution, The focal length of can be realized. In this case, it is desirable to continuously change the phase in one zone from 0 to −2π, but since the refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed by the discrete annular electrodes, the phase change is also discrete. Therefore, the voltage applied to each ring-shaped electrode is controlled so as to approximate the ideal phase distribution as much as possible. This will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 2B and 2C.
【００２０】図２（ｂ）は焦点距離ｆbの場合の輪帯状
電極１０６とそれぞれの電極に印加される電圧の分布を
示したものである。わかりやすくするために、レンズの
一部だけを取り出して描いている。横軸はレンズの半径
Ｒ方向を示しており、Ｏはレンズの中心である。２０１
は電圧分布を示している。FIG. 2B shows the distribution of the voltage applied to the ring-shaped electrodes 106 and the respective electrodes when the focal length is fb . For clarity, only a part of the lens is drawn for drawing. The horizontal axis shows the radius R direction of the lens, and O is the center of the lens. 201
Indicates the voltage distribution.
【００２１】ゾーンの半径Ｒmb、Ｒmb+1は式（１）よ
り、 Ｒmb＝（２ｍbλｆb＋（ｍbλ）2）1/2 … （２ー１） Ｒmb+1＝（２（ｍb＋１）λｆb＋（（ｍb＋１）λ）2）1/2 … （２ー２） である。このＲmbとＲmb+1の間で位相を０から−２πま
で変えるために、輪帯状電極Ｅmb1とＥmb2の間の電極に
電圧をステップ状に印加する。ステップの大きさは等し
くても良い、すなわち、電極Ｅmb1からＥmb2までの間で
電圧が直線的に変化しても良いが、図２（ａ）に示され
ている位相分布に近づけるようにステップの大きさを電
極ごとに変化させる方が望ましい。From the formula (1), the radiuses Rmb and Rmb +1 of the zones are Rmb = (2mb λfb + (mb λ)2 )1/2 (2-1) Rmb + 1 = (2 (mb +1) λfb + ((mb +1) λ)2 )1/2 (2-2). In order to change the phase between Rmb and Rmb +1 from 0 to −2π, a voltage is applied stepwise to the electrode between the annular electrodes Emb1 and Emb2. The steps may have the same magnitude, that is, the voltage may change linearly between the electrodes Emb1 and Emb2, but the steps should be close to the phase distribution shown in FIG. 2 (a). It is desirable to change the size for each electrode.
【００２２】一方、図２（ｃ）には焦点距離ｆc（≠
ｆb）の場合の輪帯状電極１０６とそれぞれの電極に印
加される電圧の分布を示した。図２（ｂ）と同様にレン
ズの一部だけを取り出して描いている。横軸はレンズの
半径Ｒ方向を示しており、Ｏはレンズの中心である。２
０２は電圧分布を示している。On the other hand, in FIG. 2C, the focal length fc (≠
The distribution of the voltage applied to each of the annular electrodes 106 and the respective electrodes in the case of fb ) is shown. As in FIG. 2B, only a part of the lens is taken out and drawn. The horizontal axis shows the radius R direction of the lens, and O is the center of the lens. Two
02 indicates the voltage distribution.
【００２３】焦点距離ｆcに対応するゾーンの半径Ｒ
mc、Ｒmc+1は式（１）より、 Ｒmc＝（２ｍcλｆc＋（ｍcλ）2）1/2 … （３ー１） Ｒmc+1＝（２（ｍc＋１）λｆc＋（（ｍc＋１）λ）2）1/2 … （３ー２） である。このＲmcとＲmc+1の間で位相を０から−２πま
で変えるために、輪帯状電極Ｅmc1とＥmc2の間の電極に
電圧をステップ状に印加する。The radius R of the zone corresponding to the focal length fc
mc, Rmc +1 with the formula(1), Rm c = ( 2m c λf c + (m c λ) 2) 1/2 ... (3 over1) Rm c + 1 = ( 2 (m c +1 ) Λfc + ((mc +1) λ)2 )1/2 (3-2). In order to change the phase between Rmc and Rmc +1 from 0 to −2π, a voltage is applied stepwise to the electrode between the annular electrodes Emc1 and Emc2.
【００２４】以上のようにして、適当な輪帯状電極を選
択して電圧を印加し、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変
えて必要な位相分布を作り出すことによって焦点距離を
変えることができる。As described above, the focal length can be changed by selecting an appropriate ring-shaped electrode, applying a voltage, and changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal with respect to the incident light to create a required phase distribution.
【００２５】輪帯状電極１０６一本一本の幅は、位相分
布の変化に対応できる程度に細くなければならず、レン
ズ全面にわたって必要な分解能程度の幅で等しいことが
望ましい。ただし、最内周の輪帯の大きさはある程度の
大きさ以下にはならないので、最内周の輪帯状電極１１
１の半径は、その他の輪帯状電極の幅ほどには小さくす
る必要はない。The width of each ring-shaped electrode 106 must be thin enough to cope with the change in the phase distribution, and it is desirable that the width is equal to the required resolution over the entire lens surface. However, since the size of the innermost ring zone does not become smaller than a certain size, the innermost ring-shaped electrode 11
The radius of 1 does not have to be as small as the width of the other annular electrodes.
【００２６】（実施例２）本実施例における可変焦点レ
ンズは、実施例１と同様にブレーズ型フレネルレンズで
あるが、図３に示すように輪帯状電極３０１が楕円パタ
ーンである。図３は輪帯状電極の平面図であり、見やす
くするために図の電極数は実際より少なく描いてある。
実施例１のレンズとは輪帯状電極と電極引き出し線の平
面的な形状が異なるだけである。(Embodiment 2) The varifocal lens in this embodiment is a blazed Fresnel lens as in Embodiment 1, but the annular electrode 301 has an elliptical pattern as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the ring-shaped electrode, and the number of electrodes in the drawing is drawn smaller than it actually is for the sake of clarity.
It differs from the lens of Example 1 only in the planar shape of the annular electrode and the electrode lead-out line.
【００２７】楕円パターンを有するフレネルレンズの焦
点距離は図のＹ方向とＸ方向とで異なる。従って、輪帯
状電極３０１に印加する電圧パターンを変えることによ
り、Ｙ方向の焦点距離とＸ方向の焦点距離を変えること
ができる。The focal length of a Fresnel lens having an elliptical pattern differs in the Y and X directions in the figure. Therefore, the focal length in the Y direction and the focal length in the X direction can be changed by changing the voltage pattern applied to the annular electrode 301.
【００２８】（実施例３）本実施例における可変焦点レ
ンズは、実施例１、実施例２と同様に位相の周期構造に
よってレンズ作用を持つフレネルレンズであるが、その
中でもバイナリ型フレネルレンズと呼ばれているもので
ある。図４を用いて本実施例における可変焦点レンズの
動作を説明する。(Embodiment 3) The varifocal lens in this embodiment is a Fresnel lens having a lens action due to the periodic structure of the phase as in Embodiments 1 and 2, but is called a binary Fresnel lens among them. It is what has been. The operation of the variable focus lens in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
【００２９】軸対称のプラスレンズの位相分布を図４
（ａ）に示す。横軸はレンズの半径Ｒを表しており、縦
軸は位相を表している。レンズの中心Ｏからレンズ外周
に向かって位相が周期的にπずつ変化している。位相が
０から−πにかわる一周期をゾーンと呼ぶことにする。
位相が変化する半径Ｒnは次式で与えられる。FIG. 4 shows the phase distribution of an axisymmetric plus lens.
It shows in (a). The horizontal axis represents the radius R of the lens, and the vertical axis represents the phase. The phase periodically changes by π from the center O of the lens toward the outer circumference of the lens. One period in which the phase changes from 0 to −π is called a zone.
The radius Rn at which the phase changes is given by the following equation.
【００３０】 Ｒn＝（ｎλｆ＋（ｎλ／２）2）1/2 … （４） ここで、ｎは整数、λは波長、ｆは焦点距離である。つ
まり、レンズの焦点距離ｆが決まるとゾーンの位置が決
まる。従って、所望の焦点距離を実現するＲnを計算
し、そのパターンに対応した輪帯状電極を選択して電圧
を印加し、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変えて所望の
位相分布をつければ、所望の焦点距離が実現できる。こ
れを図４（ｂ）及び図４（ｃ）を用いて具体的に説明す
る。Rn = (nλf + (nλ / 2)2 )1/2 (4) Here, n is an integer, λ is a wavelength, and f is a focal length. That is, the position of the zone is determined when the focal length f of the lens is determined. Therefore, if Rn that realizes a desired focal length is calculated, a ring-shaped electrode corresponding to the pattern is selected, a voltage is applied, the refractive index of the liquid crystal with respect to incident light is changed, and a desired phase distribution is obtained, The focal length of can be realized. This will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 4B and 4C.
【００３１】図４（ｂ）は焦点距離ｆbの場合の輪帯状
電極１０６とそれぞれの電極に印加される電圧の分布を
示したものである。わかりやすくするために、レンズの
一部だけを取り出して描いている。横軸はレンズの半径
Ｒ方向を示しており、Ｏはレンズの中心である。４０１
は電圧分布を示している。FIG. 4B shows the distribution of the voltage applied to each of the annular electrodes 106 and the respective electrodes when the focal length is fb . For clarity, only a part of the lens is drawn for drawing. The horizontal axis shows the radius R direction of the lens, and O is the center of the lens. 401
Indicates the voltage distribution.
【００３２】位相を反転させる半径Ｒnb、Ｒnb+1は式
（４）より、 Ｒnb＝（ｎbλｆb＋（ｎbλ／２）2）1/2 … （５ー１） Ｒnb+1＝（（ｎb＋１）λｆb＋（（ｎb＋１）λ／２）2）1/2 … （５−２） である。ＲnbとＲnb+1の間の位相をπだけ変えるために
は、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変えれば良く、これ
は、Ｅnb1からＥnb2の間の輪帯状電極に印加する電圧を
変えれば実現できる。式（４）で決まるパターンに従っ
てレンズの中心Ｏからレンズ最外周へ向かって輪帯状電
極を選択して電圧を印加し、所望の位相分布を形成す
る。The radius Rnb to invert the phase, Rnb +1 with the formula(4), Rn b = ( n b λf b + (n b λ / 2) 2) 1/2 ... (5 over 1) Rnb is a+1 = ((n b +1) λf b + ((n b +1) λ / 2) 2) 1/2 ... (5-2). In order to change the phase between Rnb and Rnb +1 by π, it suffices to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal with respect to the incident light. This can be achieved by changing the voltage applied to the annular electrode between Enb1 and Enb2. realizable. A ring-shaped electrode is selected from the center O of the lens toward the outermost circumference of the lens according to the pattern determined by the equation (4), and a voltage is applied to form a desired phase distribution.
【００３３】一方、図４（ｃ）には焦点距離ｆc（≠
ｆb）の場合の輪帯状電極１０６とそれぞれの電極に印
加される電圧の分布を示した。図４（ｂ）と同様にレン
ズの一部だけを取り出して描いている。横軸はレンズの
半径Ｒ方向を示しており、Ｏはレンズの中心である。４
０２は電圧分布を示している。On the other hand, in FIG. 4C, the focal length fc (≠
The distribution of the voltage applied to each of the annular electrodes 106 and the respective electrodes in the case of fb ) is shown. Similar to FIG. 4B, only a part of the lens is taken out and drawn. The horizontal axis shows the radius R direction of the lens, and O is the center of the lens. Four
02 indicates the voltage distribution.
【００３４】位相を反転させる半径Ｒnc、Ｒnc+1は式
（４）より、 Ｒnc＝（ｎcλｆc＋（ｎcλ／２）2）1/2 … （６ー１） Ｒnc+1＝（（ｎc＋１）λｆc＋（（ｎc＋１）λ／２）2）1/2 … （６−２） である。ＲncとＲnc+1の間の位相をπだけ変えるために
は、Ｅnc1からＥnc2の間の輪帯状電極に印加する電圧を
変えれば良い。From the formula (4), the radii Rnc and Rnc +1 for inverting the phase are calculated as follows: Rnc = (nc λfc + (nc λ / 2)2 )1/2 ... (6-1) Rnc + 1 = ((nc +1) λfc + ((nc +1) λ / 2)2 )1/2 (6-2). In order to change the phase between Rnc and Rnc +1 by π, the voltage applied to the annular electrode between Enc1 and Enc2 may be changed.
【００３５】以上のようにして、適当な輪帯状電極を選
択して電圧を印加し、入射光に対する液晶の屈折率を変
えて必要な位相分布を作り出すことによって焦点距離を
変えることができる。As described above, the focal length can be changed by selecting an appropriate ring-shaped electrode, applying a voltage, and changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal with respect to the incident light to create a necessary phase distribution.
【００３６】レンズの透過率は、実施例１のブレーズ型
フレネルレンズの方が本実施例のバイナリ型フレネルレ
ンズより高い。The transmittance of the lens is higher in the blazed Fresnel lens of the first embodiment than in the binary Fresnel lens of the present embodiment.
【００３７】以上、本発明の焦点可変レンズの実施例を
説明したが、本発明の可変焦点レンズは、光ディスク用
光学ヘッドのレンズ、レーザビ−ムプリンタ用のレン
ズ、あるいは眼鏡レンズへの応用が可能である。また、
輪帯状電極と引き出し電極を異なる層で構成し、それぞ
れの電極の間を絶縁膜で埋めて平坦化する構造は、反射
型の焦点可変ミラ−にも適用が可能である。Although the embodiments of the variable focus lens of the present invention have been described above, the variable focus lens of the present invention can be applied to a lens of an optical head for an optical disc, a lens for a laser beam printer, or a spectacle lens. Is. Also,
The structure in which the ring-shaped electrode and the extraction electrode are composed of different layers, and the gap between the electrodes is filled with an insulating film to be flattened can be applied to a reflection type variable focus mirror.
【００３８】なお、輪帯状電極によって非球面レンズに
相当するゾーンパターンを形成することにより、収差の
コントロールも可能になる。It is also possible to control aberrations by forming a zone pattern corresponding to an aspherical lens with the ring-shaped electrode.
【００３９】[0039]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように本発明によれば、電極
引き出し線を輪帯状電極とは異なる面に形成することに
より、欠落のない輪帯状電極を形成できるという効果を
有する。As described above, according to the present invention, by forming the electrode lead wire on the surface different from the ring-shaped electrode, it is possible to form a ring-shaped electrode without any omission.
【００４０】従って、良好な結像特性を得ることができ
るという効果を有する。Therefore, there is an effect that good imaging characteristics can be obtained.
【００４１】また、電極引き出し線と、この電極引き出
し線と輪帯状電極とを接続する接続部と、輪帯状電極と
を順次積層し、各層において導体間をこれらの導体と同
じ厚みの透明絶縁膜で埋めることによって、段差をなく
して導体の断線が防げると共に、不要な回折光の発生が
抑えられるという効果を有する。Further, an electrode lead wire, a connecting portion connecting the electrode lead wire and the ring-shaped electrode, and a ring-shaped electrode are sequentially laminated, and a transparent insulating film having the same thickness as these conductors is provided between the conductors in each layer. By filling in with, it is possible to prevent the disconnection of the conductor by eliminating the step and to suppress the generation of unnecessary diffracted light.
【００４２】また、輪帯状電極の幅を、最内周の電極以
外の部分において等間隔にすることにより、任意の位相
分布を形成できるという効果を有する。Further, by making the widths of the ring-shaped electrodes equidistant in portions other than the innermost electrode, it is possible to form an arbitrary phase distribution.
【図１】 本発明の可変焦点レンズの構成を示す図であ
る。（ａ）は断面図。（ｂ）は電極だけを描いた平面
図。（ａ）は（ｂ）のＡーＢ断面。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a variable focus lens of the present invention. (A) is sectional drawing. (B) is a plan view showing only electrodes. (A) is an AB cross section of (b).
【図２】 本発明の可変焦点レンズの第１の実施例にお
ける可変焦点レンズの動作を説明する図である。（ａ）
はレンズの位相分布を示す図。（ｂ）は焦点距離ｆbの
場合に輪帯状電極に印加される電圧の分布を示す図。
（ｃ）は焦点距離ｆcの場合に輪帯状電極に印加される
電圧の分布を示す図。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the variable focus lens in the first example of the variable focus lens of the present invention. (A)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a phase distribution of a lens. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the distribution of the voltage applied to the ring-shaped electrode when the focal length is fb .
(C) is a figure which shows the distribution of the voltage applied to a ring-shaped electrode in the case of a focal length fc .
【図３】 本発明の可変焦点レンズの第２の実施例にお
ける輪帯状電極のパターンを示す平面図である。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a pattern of ring-shaped electrodes in a second embodiment of the variable focus lens of the present invention.
【図４】 本発明の可変焦点レンズの第３の実施例にお
ける可変焦点レンズの動作を説明する図である。（ａ）
はレンズの位相分布を示す図。（ｂ）は焦点距離ｆbの
場合に輪帯状電極に印加される電圧の分布を示す図。
（ｃ）は焦点距離ｆcの場合に輪帯状電極に印加される
電圧の分布を示す図。FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the variable focus lens in the third example of the variable focus lens of the present invention. (A)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a phase distribution of a lens. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the distribution of the voltage applied to the ring-shaped electrode when the focal length is fb .
(C) is a figure which shows the distribution of the voltage applied to a ring-shaped electrode in the case of focal length fc .
【図５】 従来の可変焦点レンズにおける電極パターン
を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an electrode pattern in a conventional variable focus lens.
１０１、１１０ ガラス基板 １０２ 電極引き出し線 １０３、１０５、１０７ 透明絶縁膜 １０４ 接続部 １０６ 輪帯状電極 １０８ 液晶 １０９ 共通電極 １１１ 最内周の輪帯状電極 ２０１、２０２ 電圧分布 Ｒm、Ｒm+1、Ｒmb、Ｒmb+1、Ｒmc、Ｒmc+1 ゾーン半径 Ｅmb1、Ｅmb2、Ｅmc1、Ｅmc2 輪帯状電極 Ｏ レンズの中心 Ｒ 半径 ３０１ 輪帯状電極 ４０１、４０２ 電圧分布 Ｒn、Ｒn+1、Ｒnb、Ｒnb+1、Ｒnc、Ｒnc+1 半径 Ｅnb1、Ｅnb2、Ｅnc1、Ｅnc2 輪帯状電極 ５０１ 電極パターン ５０２ 電極引き出し線 101, 110 glass substrate 102 electrode lead wire 103, 105, 107 transparent insulating film 104 connection portion 106 ring-shaped electrode 108 liquid crystal 109 common electrode 111 innermost ring-shaped electrode 201, 202 voltage distribution Rm, Rm + 1, Rmb, Rmb + 1, Rmc, Rmc + 1 Zone radii Emb1, Emb2, Emc1, Emc2 Center of ring-shaped electrode O lens R Radius 301 Ring-shaped electrode 401, 402 Voltage distribution Rn, Rn + 1, Rnb, Rnb + 1, Rnc, Rnc + 1 Radius Enb1, Enb2, Enc1, Enc2 Ring-shaped electrode 501 Electrode pattern 502 Electrode lead wire
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26202191AJPH05100201A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Variable focus lens |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26202191AJPH05100201A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Variable focus lens |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05100201Atrue JPH05100201A (en) | 1993-04-23 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26202191APendingJPH05100201A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1991-10-09 | Variable focus lens |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05100201A (en) |
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