【発明の詳細な説明】〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は拡底場所打ち杭工法を用いて杭を施工
するに当り、杭孔の拡底部を計測管理しながら掘
削する方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of excavating the expanded bottom portion of a pile hole while measuring and managing it when constructing a pile using the expanded bottom cast-in-place pile method.
〔従来の技術とその問題点〕 杭の軸部を掘削した後に杭底部を拡大掘削し、
支持力の大きな場所打ちコンクリート杭を築造す
る拡底場所打ち杭工法は従来の場所打ち杭工法に
比較して厳しく質の高い施工管理が要求されてい
る。とくに、拡底部の施工形状については杭の品
質と密接に関わるものとして厳重な施工管理対象
としてあげられる。[Conventional technology and its problems] After the shaft of the pile is excavated, the bottom of the pile is enlarged and excavated.
The expanded cast-in-place pile construction method, which constructs cast-in-place concrete piles with large bearing capacity, requires stricter and higher-quality construction management than the conventional cast-in-place pile construction method. In particular, the construction shape of the expanded bottom section is subject to strict construction control as it is closely related to the quality of the pile.
拡底部の施工形状を確認する方法としては一般
的に超音波孔壁測定器が用いられるが、この方法
では確認作業が掘削終了後に限定される。このた
め、拡底掘削中に拡底量を検出する装置あるいは
拡底掘削の完了時点を検出する装置が種々提案さ
れている。しかし、これらの検出装置では検出部
が拡底掘削機に設置されるため、検出信号を地中
で回転する掘削機より地上に設置された計測・表
示器まで伝送する必要があり、そのために複雑な
信号伝送ラインを構成しなければならず、検出装
置の信頼性及び耐久性等が低くなる。また、拡底
ビツトを動作させるアクチユエーターの作動量を
間接的に計測する方法であるため、計測の精度が
低下する。さらに、従来の技術においては、拡底
量の検出と共に拡底杭工法の管理項目として重要
な掘削油圧力、掘削荷重、掘削トルク等の諸デー
タを同時に計測し、コンピユータにて処理したう
えでオペレータに適切な管理情報を与える方法は
試みられておらず、拡底部の掘削作業に対して常
時計測施工管理を行うことは望み難い。 An ultrasonic hole wall measuring device is generally used to confirm the construction shape of the expanded bottom section, but with this method, confirmation work is limited to after the completion of excavation. For this reason, various devices have been proposed that detect the amount of bottom expansion during bottom expansion excavation or devices that detect the completion point of bottom expansion excavation. However, in these detection devices, the detection part is installed on the bottom-expanding excavator, so it is necessary to transmit the detection signal from the excavator rotating underground to the measurement and display device installed on the ground. A signal transmission line must be constructed, which reduces the reliability and durability of the detection device. Furthermore, since this method indirectly measures the amount of operation of the actuator that operates the bottom expansion bit, the accuracy of measurement is reduced. Furthermore, with conventional technology, in addition to detecting the amount of bottom expansion, various data such as drilling oil pressure, drilling load, and drilling torque, which are important control items for bottom expansion pile construction, are simultaneously measured, processed by a computer, and then properly determined by the operator. No method has been attempted to provide accurate management information, and it is difficult to hope for constant measurement and construction management of excavation work at the bottom expansion section.
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑み拡底場所打ち杭工
法を用いて杭を施工する場合、拡底部掘削中に拡
底掘削ビツトにかかる負荷を地盤性状に対して常
に適正な状態に維持し、ビツトが滑らかに拡大す
るように拡底掘削機を制御ないし管理して、品質
の優れた拡底部形状を構築するために、計測施工
管理に基づく新しい掘削方法を提案するもので、
場所打ち杭の掘削孔底に建込まれた油圧式拡底掘
削機の拡底掘削ビツト用油圧シリンダと地上に設
置したるコピー用油圧シリンダとを油圧回路で直
列に接続して両方の油圧シリンダの動作を完全に
同調せしめ、拡底掘削ビツト用油圧シリンダをコ
ピー用油圧シリンダで制御すると共に、拡底掘削
ビツトの拡底量をコピー用油圧シリンダの作動量
として電気的に計測し、かつ地上掘削設備の主要
箇所に各種センサーを配置して、掘削油圧力、掘
削荷重、掘削トルクなどの諸掘削データを同時に
自動計測する。さらにマイクロコンピユータシス
テムを設けてこれらの諸掘削データを即時に処理
した後、適切に図表化された掘削状態に関する情
報をオペレータにモニター・デイスプレイを通し
て伝送することにより、拡底掘削機を制御して常
に適正な拡底部の掘削状態を維持するようになし
たることを特徴とする。 In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is designed to maintain the load applied to the drilling bit in an appropriate state depending on the ground properties during the drilling of the drilling part when constructing piles using the casting-in-place pile method. This project proposes a new excavation method based on measurement construction management in order to control and manage the bottom-expanding excavator so that it expands smoothly and to construct a high-quality bottom-expanding shape.
The hydraulic cylinder for the bottom-expanding bit of the hydraulic bottom-expanding excavator built at the bottom of the cast-in-place pile excavation hole and the copy hydraulic cylinder installed on the ground are connected in series through a hydraulic circuit, and both hydraulic cylinders operate. The hydraulic cylinder for the bottom-expanding drilling bit is controlled by the copying hydraulic cylinder, and the amount of bottom-expanding of the bottom-expanding drilling bit is electrically measured as the operating amount of the copying hydraulic cylinder, and the main parts of the ground excavation equipment are A variety of sensors are placed in the system to automatically measure various drilling data such as drilling oil pressure, drilling load, and drilling torque at the same time. In addition, a microcomputer system is installed to immediately process these various drilling data and then transmit properly charted information on the drilling status to the operator through a monitor display, controlling the bottom-expanding excavator to ensure proper operation at all times. The excavation state of the expanded bottom portion is maintained.
以下本発明を図面に示す実施例にもとづいて説
明する。 The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
本発明拡底場所打ち杭工法で用いる油圧式拡底
掘削機の一例を示せば第４図の如きである。この
拡底掘削機は所要の径と長さを有するドリルシヤ
フト１の先端に掘削孔の直部を掘削する掘削用ビ
ツト２を固定し、かつこのドリルシヤフト１の外
周部にドリルシヤフト１に摺動して昇降するよう
に外管６を嵌合し、この外管６には外管長手方向
に摺動自在にして摺動環７を取り付けると共に拡
底掘削ビツト３を突設した支持翼３ａをヒンジ３
ｂを介して揺動自在に支持され、かつこの支持翼
３ａの中間附近と前記摺動環７とを支桿４にて連
繋され、さらに外管６はドリルシヤフト１に沿つ
て配設される外管昇降用の油圧式昇降シリンダ８
によつてドリルシヤフトの先端部と接続され、摺
動環７は拡開用の油圧式拡翼シリンダ９によつて
外管６の上端部と連結して構成されている。そし
て前記昇降シリンダ８と拡翼シリンダ９とは油圧
回路にて直列に連結され、これにより拡底掘削ビ
ツト３を拡翼シリンダ９の作動にて開閉せしめる
と同時に昇降できる拡底機構を有するものであ
る。 An example of a hydraulic type bottom-expanding excavator used in the bottom-expanding cast-in-place pile construction method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. This bottom-expanding drilling machine has a drill shaft 1 having a required diameter and length, with a drilling bit 2 fixed to the tip of the drill shaft 1 for drilling the straight part of a drill hole, and a drilling bit 2 that is slidable on the outer periphery of the drill shaft 1. An outer tube 6 is fitted to the outer tube 6 so as to move up and down, and a sliding ring 7 is attached to the outer tube 6 so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube, and a support wing 3a having a bottom-expanding drilling bit 3 projecting thereon is mounted on a hinge. 3
b, and the intermediate portion of the support blade 3a and the sliding ring 7 are connected by a support rod 4, and the outer tube 6 is disposed along the drill shaft 1. Hydraulic lifting cylinder 8 for lifting and lowering the outer tube
The sliding ring 7 is connected to the tip of the drill shaft by a hydraulic expansion cylinder 9 for expansion. The elevating cylinder 8 and the expanding wing cylinder 9 are connected in series through a hydraulic circuit, thereby providing a bottom expanding mechanism that allows the bottom expanding drilling bit 3 to be opened and closed by the operation of the expanding wing cylinder 9 and to be raised and lowered at the same time.
上述の如く構成される拡底掘削機の動作は次の
如くである。地上の油圧ユニツトから油圧回路を
経て送られた油圧によつて昇降シリンダ８が収縮
すると、このシリンダ内の対向室内油圧は両シリ
ンダ８，９間を接続した回路を経て拡翼シリンダ
９に送られこれを伸張せしめる。この時拡翼シリ
ンダ９の対向シリンダ内の油圧は回路を経て前記
油圧ユニツトに返る。この両シリンダ８，９のシ
リンダ直径比及びストロークを適当な比率で設定
すれば、両シリンダ８と９は一定の比率で動作し
拡底掘削ビツト３の作動量、すなわち拡底量は昇
降シリンダ８の作動量として決定される。この掘
削動作を第５図、第６図に示す。 The operation of the bottom-expanding excavator constructed as described above is as follows. When the lifting cylinder 8 contracts due to the hydraulic pressure sent from the ground hydraulic unit via the hydraulic circuit, the opposing indoor hydraulic pressure in this cylinder is sent to the expanding wing cylinder 9 via the circuit connecting both cylinders 8 and 9. Let's expand this. At this time, the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder opposite the expansion cylinder 9 is returned to the hydraulic unit via the circuit. If the cylinder diameter ratio and stroke of both cylinders 8 and 9 are set at an appropriate ratio, both cylinders 8 and 9 will operate at a constant ratio, and the operating amount of the bottom-expanding excavation bit 3, that is, the bottom-expanding amount, will be the operating amount of the lifting cylinder 8. determined as the amount. This digging operation is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
第１図は本発明の拡底場所打ち杭工法で用いる
油圧式拡底掘削機と計測施工管理に関わるシステ
ム全体の概略説明図を示し、この図において、地
上に設置された拡底掘削機１０の操作盤１１には
コピー用シリンダ１２を内蔵し、このコピー用シ
リンダ１２は油圧ホース１３を経由して昇降シリ
ンダ８と直列に接続されている。従つてコピー用
シリンダによつて昇降シリンダを直接に制御する
ことができ、また両方のシリンダは一定の比率で
完全に同調するので、拡底掘削機の拡底量をコピ
ー用シリンダの作動量として地上で正確に検出す
ることができる。コピー用シリンダには変位計１
４が装着されており拡底量が電気的に検出される
と共に、拡底量インジケータ１５によつて拡底量
を直読することができる。一方、拡底掘削機の吊
り上げ部にはロードセル１６を、ロータリーテー
ブル１７と操作盤にはそれぞれ圧力計１８，１９
を配置して掘削荷重、掘削トルク及び掘削油圧力
を自動的に計測する。また、拡底量を含むこれら
の掘削諸データはマイクロコンピユータシステム
２０に常時入力され、即時にデータ処理が施され
る。マイクロコンピユータシステムは、高速デー
タロガー、コンピユータ本体、デイスプレイ、プ
リンターないし記憶装置から構成されている。 FIG. 1 shows a schematic explanatory diagram of the hydraulic type bottom-expanding excavator used in the bottom-expanding cast-in-place pile construction method of the present invention and the entire system related to measurement and construction management. 11 has a built-in copy cylinder 12, and this copy cylinder 12 is connected in series to the lifting cylinder 8 via a hydraulic hose 13. Therefore, the lifting cylinder can be directly controlled by the copying cylinder, and since both cylinders are perfectly synchronized at a constant ratio, the amount of bottom-expanding of the bottom-spreading excavator can be used as the operating amount of the copying cylinder on the ground. Can be detected accurately. Displacement meter 1 on the copy cylinder
4 is installed, the amount of bottom expansion is detected electrically, and the amount of bottom expansion can be directly read by the bottom expansion amount indicator 15. On the other hand, a load cell 16 is installed in the lifting part of the bottom-expanding excavator, and pressure gauges 18 and 19 are installed in the rotary table 17 and the operation panel, respectively.
to automatically measure drilling load, drilling torque, and drilling oil pressure. Further, these various excavation data including the amount of bottom expansion are constantly input into the microcomputer system 20 and are immediately processed. A microcomputer system consists of a high-speed data logger, a computer main body, a display, a printer, or a storage device.
次にマイクロコンピユータシステムにおいて解
析され適切に図表化された掘削状態に関する情報
は、操作盤上に設置されたモニター・デイスプレ
イ２１のカラー表示画面に転送され、オペレータ
にフイードバツクされる。オペレータはモニタ
ー・デイスプレイを監視しながら、掘削孔壁の崩
壊を防止し設計形状に沿つて滑らかな掘削が維持
できるように拡底掘削機の運転状態、すなわち、
拡底量の変化による掘削速度、掘削油圧力、掘削
荷重、掘削トルク等を適正な範囲に制御し掘削管
理を行う。このように、マン・マシンシステムに
よる計測施工管理にバツクアツプされた掘削方法
を用いることにより、優れた品質の拡底場所打ち
杭を構築することができる。 Information regarding the excavation status, analyzed and appropriately charted in the microcomputer system, is then transferred to the color display screen of a monitor display 21 installed on the operation panel, and is fed back to the operator. While monitoring the monitor display, the operator monitors the operating status of the bottom-expanding excavator to prevent collapse of the borehole wall and maintain smooth excavation in accordance with the design shape.
Excavation management is performed by controlling excavation speed, excavation oil pressure, excavation load, excavation torque, etc. within appropriate ranges due to changes in the amount of bottom expansion. In this way, by using an excavation method backed up by measurement and construction management using a man-machine system, it is possible to construct cast-in-place piles with an excellent quality.
第２図および第３図は、マイクロコンピユータ
システムのデイスプレイとモニター・デイスプレ
イに表示される掘削状態に関する情報の画面例を
示している。第２図は掘削諸情報をリアルタイム
（即時）で表示したものであり、設計形状に沿つ
た現在までの掘削完了部分を図中の〓に表し、拡
底量（径）、掘削土量、掘削速度、掘削油圧力、
掘削トルク、掘削荷重、掘削時間などの現在値を
表中に出力している。第３図は掘削中の数値情報
を時間経過に伴つて図示したものであり、掘削土
量に関する現在までの累積値と、拡底量（径）な
いし掘削速度に関する時間変動を示している。 FIGS. 2 and 3 show screen examples of information regarding the excavation status displayed on the display of the microcomputer system and the monitor display. Figure 2 displays various excavation information in real time (immediately). , drilling hydraulic pressure,
The current values of excavation torque, excavation load, excavation time, etc. are output in the table. FIG. 3 shows numerical information during excavation over time, and shows the cumulative value up to now regarding the amount of excavated soil and the temporal fluctuations regarding the amount of bottom expansion (diameter) or excavation speed.
なお第２図、第３図の画面は随時切り換えるこ
とができるものである。またこれらの掘削諸情報
は施工記録用紙に順次打ち出させて、施工完了後
に施工管理状態を検討することもできる。 Note that the screens shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be switched at any time. In addition, the excavation information can be printed out on a construction record sheet in order to examine the construction management status after the construction is completed.
本発明によるときは拡底掘削ビツトの拡翼用及
び掘削ビツトの昇降用の両シリンダと地上に設置
したるコピー用シリンダとを直列に油圧回路にて
接続することにより、拡翼用及び昇降用のシリン
ダをコピー用油圧シリンダで制御することがで
き、また、拡底掘削機の拡底量をコピー用油圧シ
リンダの作動量として地上で容易に、かつ正確に
検出することができる。さらに地上掘削設備の主
要箇所に設置したる各種センサーにて諸掘削デー
タを自動計測し、これをコンピユータにて処理
し、デイスプレイにて掘削状況を表示するように
しているため掘削施工を確実にしかも地上で視覚
にて管理できるので拡底掘削機にかかる過負荷を
防止すると共に、掘進速度を制御して常に適正な
掘削を行える利点を有する。 According to the present invention, both the cylinders for expanding the wings of the bottom-expanding drilling bit and for raising and lowering the drilling bit are connected in series with the cylinder for copying installed on the ground by a hydraulic circuit. The cylinder can be controlled by the copying hydraulic cylinder, and the amount of bottom expansion of the bottom-expanding excavator can be easily and accurately detected on the ground as the operating amount of the copying hydraulic cylinder. In addition, various types of excavation data are automatically measured using various sensors installed at the main locations of the above-ground excavation equipment, processed by a computer, and the excavation status is displayed on a display, ensuring that excavation work is carried out reliably. Since it can be visually controlled on the ground, overload on the bottom-expanding excavator can be prevented, and the excavation speed can be controlled to ensure proper excavation at all times.
第１図は本発明掘削施工管理方法の概略説明
図、第２図、第３図はデイスプレイ画面の出力例
図、第４図は拡底掘削機の正面図、第５図は拡翼
時の説明図、第６図は掘削順序の説明図である。 １はドリルシヤフト、２は掘削ビツト、３は拡
底掘削ビツト、４は支桿、５は軸、６は外管、７
は摺動環、８は昇降シリンダ、９は拡翼シリン
ダ、１０は拡底掘削機、１１は操作盤、１２はコ
ピー用シリンダ、１３は油圧ホース、１４は変位
計、１５はインジケータ、１６はロードセル、１
７はロータリーテーブル、１８，１９は圧力計、
２０はマイクロコンピユータシステム、２１はモ
ニターデイスプレイ。 Figure 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the excavation construction management method of the present invention, Figures 2 and 3 are example outputs of the display screen, Figure 4 is a front view of the bottom-expanding excavator, and Figure 5 is an explanation of when the wings are expanded. 6 are explanatory diagrams of the excavation order. 1 is a drill shaft, 2 is a drilling bit, 3 is a bottom drilling bit, 4 is a support rod, 5 is a shaft, 6 is an outer pipe, 7
is a sliding ring, 8 is a lifting cylinder, 9 is a wing expansion cylinder, 10 is a bottom expansion excavator, 11 is an operation panel, 12 is a copying cylinder, 13 is a hydraulic hose, 14 is a displacement gauge, 15 is an indicator, and 16 is a load cell. ,1
7 is a rotary table, 18 and 19 are pressure gauges,
20 is a microcomputer system, and 21 is a monitor display.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60027366AJPS61186617A (en) | 1985-02-13 | 1985-02-13 | Excavation construction management method for expanded-bottom cast-in-place piles |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60027366AJPS61186617A (en) | 1985-02-13 | 1985-02-13 | Excavation construction management method for expanded-bottom cast-in-place piles |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61186617A JPS61186617A (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| JPH047439B2true JPH047439B2 (en) | 1992-02-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60027366AGrantedJPS61186617A (en) | 1985-02-13 | 1985-02-13 | Excavation construction management method for expanded-bottom cast-in-place piles |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61186617A (en) |
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