【発明の詳細な説明】発明の分野 本発明は、電池の残存容量を知る方法及びその
ための装置類に関するものである。尚、本明細書
に於いては、「残存容量」とは、電池に残されて
いる放電容量のみならず、充電直後又は充電中の
電池に充電された放電しうる容量をも意味するも
のとする。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the remaining capacity of a battery. In this specification, "residual capacity" refers not only to the remaining discharge capacity of the battery, but also to the dischargeable capacity of the battery immediately after charging or during charging. do.
従来技術とその問題点 電池の残存容量を知る従来の方法としては、電
池の端子電圧、インピーダンス等を測定すること
が行なわれている。それらの値は、通常の使用範
囲での電池の残存容量の変化に対して極めて僅か
しか変化せず（例えば、マンガン乾電池では1.6
〜0.9V、１〜２Ω（31.2Hzのとき、Ever Ready
SP11））、加えて測定誤差等のため正確に残存容
量を知ることは困難である。しかもインピーダン
スの容量依存性は極小値を有するなど直線的でな
い場合が多い。また、最も広く用いられている二
次電池である鉛蓄電池では、電解液としての希硫
酸の比重を測定することによつて残存容量を求め
ている。これらの方法では、電池より所要量の希
硫酸を取出さねばならず、測定は極めて不便であ
る。また、フロート或いは屈折率測定セルを電池
内に組込んだものが考案されてはいるが、前者の
欠点は、振動に弱い、フロートのひつかかり、気
泡の付着等により誤差が大きい等であり、後者の
欠点としては、セルのよごれ、光源の強度の不安
定さ等による精度の低下が挙げられる。電池内に
第２ミニセルを設け、この第２ミニセルにより希
硫酸濃度を測定する方法も行なわれているが、こ
の方法では、電池の構造が複雑になること、及び
この第２ミニセル自身の劣化等の欠点がある。Prior Art and its Problems The conventional method of determining the remaining capacity of a battery is to measure the terminal voltage, impedance, etc. of the battery. These values change very little with changes in the battery's remaining capacity over normal usage (for example, 1.6
~0.9V, 1~2Ω (Ever Ready at 31.2Hz)
SP11)) In addition, it is difficult to accurately determine the remaining capacity due to measurement errors, etc. Moreover, the capacitance dependence of impedance is often not linear, such as having a minimum value. Furthermore, in lead-acid batteries, which are the most widely used secondary batteries, the remaining capacity is determined by measuring the specific gravity of dilute sulfuric acid as an electrolyte. In these methods, the required amount of dilute sulfuric acid must be removed from the battery, making measurement extremely inconvenient. In addition, batteries have been devised in which a float or a refractive index measurement cell is incorporated into a battery, but the disadvantages of the former are that they are susceptible to vibrations, the float gets stuck, and there are large errors due to the adhesion of air bubbles, etc. Disadvantages of the latter include a decrease in accuracy due to dirt on the cell, instability in the intensity of the light source, and the like. There is also a method in which a second minicell is provided in the battery and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is measured using this second minicell, but this method complicates the structure of the battery and causes problems such as deterioration of the second minicell itself. There are drawbacks.
発明の目的 本発明は電池の残存容量を、正確に、容易に、
且つ電池それ自身に特別な装置を施すことなく知
る方法及びそのための装置類を提供することを目
的とする。本発明の対象である電池は、マンガン
乾電池、水銀電池、アルカリ・マンガン乾電池、
酸化銀電池、塩化銀電池、空気電池、リチウム電
池等の一次電池、及び鉛蓄電池、アルカリ蓄電
池、ニツケル−カドミウム電池等の二次電池のい
ずれをも包含するものである。Purpose of the invention The present invention accurately and easily measures the remaining capacity of a battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of knowing the battery without requiring any special equipment on the battery itself, and devices therefor. Batteries that are the object of the present invention include manganese dry batteries, mercury batteries, alkaline manganese dry batteries,
It includes primary batteries such as silver oxide batteries, silver chloride batteries, air batteries, and lithium batteries, and secondary batteries such as lead-acid batteries, alkaline batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries.
発明の構成 上記目的を達成するための、本発明方法及び装
置類は、電池の予め判つている各残存容量状態に
おいて、電池に電池による直流電流に重畳して交
流電流を印加して回路の電圧の第ｎ次高調波電圧
（ｎは２以上の整数を示し、ｎ＝１の場合は基本
波電圧を示すものとする。）に対応する値を測定
して、電池の残存容量と第ｎ次高調波電圧に対応
する値との関係を予め求めておき、前記電池と同
種の電池に該電池による直流電流に重畳して前記
交流電流と同種の交流電流を印加して回路の電圧
の第ｎ次高調波電圧に対応する値を測定し、測定
された第ｎ次高調波電圧対応値と前記関係とを比
較することによつて電池の残存容量を知る方法、
電池の予め判つている各残存容量状態において、
電池に電池による直流電流に重畳して交流電流を
印加して回路の電圧の第ｎ次高調波電圧に対応す
る値を測定することによつて得られる該第ｎ次高
調波電圧対応値を、電池の残存容量又は電池の残
存容量に相当する量に関して表わした電池の残存
容量を知るためのグラフ、及び電池の両端子に接
続される回路、交流電流を発生する手段、電池に
よる直流電流に重畳して該交流電流を該回路に印
加する手段、及び該回路の電圧の第ｎ次高調波電
圧に対応する値を測定する手段を備えたことを特
徴とする電池の残存容量を知るための装置であ
る。Composition of the Invention In order to achieve the above object, the method and apparatus of the present invention apply an alternating current to the battery in each predetermined remaining capacity state of the battery, thereby increasing the voltage of the circuit Measure the value corresponding to the nth harmonic voltage (n is an integer of 2 or more, and if n = 1 indicates the fundamental wave voltage), and calculate the remaining capacity of the battery and the nth harmonic voltage. The relationship between the harmonic voltage and the value corresponding to the harmonic voltage is determined in advance, and an alternating current of the same type as the alternating current is applied to a battery of the same type as the above-mentioned battery, superimposed on the direct current of the battery, and the voltage of the circuit is nth A method for determining the remaining capacity of a battery by measuring a value corresponding to the harmonic voltage and comparing the measured value corresponding to the n-th harmonic voltage with the relationship;
In each predetermined remaining capacity state of the battery,
The nth harmonic voltage corresponding value obtained by applying an alternating current to the battery superimposed on the direct current generated by the battery and measuring the value corresponding to the nth harmonic voltage of the circuit voltage, A graph for determining the remaining capacity of the battery expressed in terms of the remaining capacity of the battery or an amount equivalent to the remaining capacity of the battery, a circuit connected to both terminals of the battery, a means for generating alternating current, and a graph superimposed on the direct current generated by the battery. and means for measuring the value corresponding to the nth harmonic voltage of the voltage of the circuit. It is.
本発明は、電池の端子に電池による直流電流に
重畳して交流電流を印加した場合、電池の残存容
量の減少に従つて回路の電圧中の高調波成分、及
び基本波成分と高調波成分との比が大きく変化す
るという全く新しい知見に基づいて成された新規
な電池の残存容量を知る方法及びそのための装置
類を提供するものである。 According to the present invention, when an alternating current is applied to the terminals of a battery in addition to the direct current generated by the battery, harmonic components, fundamental wave components, and harmonic components in the circuit voltage decrease as the remaining capacity of the battery decreases. The present invention provides a novel method for determining the remaining capacity of a battery based on the completely new knowledge that the ratio of the battery's capacity changes greatly, and devices therefor.
前記各第ｎ次高調波電圧対応値は、前記各電圧
の第ｎ次高調波電圧の値でも、或いは前記各電圧
の基本波電圧の値と第ｎ次高調波電圧の値との比
でもよい。 Each of the n-th harmonic voltage corresponding values may be a value of the n-th harmonic voltage of each of the voltages, or a ratio between a value of the fundamental voltage of each of the voltages and a value of the n-th harmonic voltage. .
また前記第ｎ次高調波電圧は前記各電圧の高調
波スペクトルにおいて最も大きなスペクトル成分
を有する次数のものが有利である。 Further, it is advantageous that the n-th harmonic voltage has an order having the largest spectral component in the harmonic spectrum of each of the voltages.
前記第ｎ次高調波電圧対応値測定手段は、電圧
の第ｎ次高調波電圧の値を測定するものでも、あ
るいは、電圧の基本波電圧の値と第ｎ次高調波電
圧の値との比を測定するものでもよい。 The n-th harmonic voltage corresponding value measuring means may measure the value of the n-th harmonic voltage of the voltage, or may measure the ratio between the value of the fundamental wave voltage and the value of the n-th harmonic voltage of the voltage. It may also be something that measures.
本発明で用いられる交流電流の周波数及び振幅
は、電池の種類、容量によつて異なるが、周波数
は0.01Hz〜20kHzが、振幅は10ｍApp〜100Appが
適当である。 The frequency and amplitude of the alternating current used in the present invention vary depending on the type and capacity of the battery, but the appropriate frequency is 0.01 Hz to 20 kHz, and the amplitude is 10 mApp to 100 App.
発明の実施例 本発明の実施例を添附図面を用いて説明する。Examples of the invention Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は、本発明を実施するための装置の１例
の概略ブロツク回路図である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of one example of an apparatus for carrying out the invention.
周波数可変、振幅可変であることが好ましい発
振器２の出力交流電圧は、ガルバノスタツト３に
より交流電流に変換され、この電流は該ガルバノ
スタツトにより被測定電池１の両端子に接続され
た回路６を通して電池による直流電流に重畳して
印加される。高調波フイルタ４及び交流電圧計５
より成る回路が第１図の様に接続されており、電
池１の両端の電圧の高周波成分は、フイルタ４を
介して出力され、電圧計５により測定される。フ
イルタ４は所望の任意の次数の高調波成分を出力
できるものであることが好ましい。被測定電池又
はそれと同種の電池の第ｎ次高調波電圧対応値対
電池の残存容量の特性曲線を予め求めておけば、
測定された高調波電圧対応値より被測定電池の残
存容量を知ることができる。 The output AC voltage of the oscillator 2, which is preferably variable in frequency and amplitude, is converted into an AC current by a galvanostat 3, and this current is passed through a circuit 6 connected to both terminals of the battery under test 1 by the galvanostat. is applied superimposed on the DC current generated by the battery. Harmonic filter 4 and AC voltmeter 5
A circuit consisting of the following is connected as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the filter 4 is capable of outputting harmonic components of any desired order. If the characteristic curve of the n-th harmonic voltage corresponding value of the battery under test or a battery of the same type versus the remaining capacity of the battery is determined in advance,
The remaining capacity of the battery to be measured can be determined from the measured harmonic voltage corresponding value.
次に、被測定電池として、マンガン乾電池を用
いた場合を以下に詳細に説明する。 Next, the case where a manganese dry battery is used as the battery to be measured will be described in detail below.
第１図の如くに、発振器２、ガルバノスタツト
３、高調波フイルタ４及び電圧計５を接続した。
被測定電池として、公称電圧1.5Vの市販のマン
ガン乾電池（単）を用いた。この電池を、適宜
の抵抗負荷回路に接続し、直流（0.2A）で一定
時間（30分）放電させて、その後、該電池と測定
回路を第１図の如くに接続し、発振器２より、電
池の両端子において振幅0.14Arms、周波数10Hz
の正弦波摂動電流を公知のガルバノスタツト３を
介して回路６に印加し、電池１の両端の電圧の第
２次高調波成分の値を測定した。この放電、印
加、測定の行程を、電池が完全放電状態になるま
で室温下に繰返した。 As shown in FIG. 1, an oscillator 2, a galvanostat 3, a harmonic filter 4, and a voltmeter 5 were connected.
A commercially available manganese dry battery (single) with a nominal voltage of 1.5V was used as the battery to be measured. This battery is connected to a suitable resistive load circuit and discharged with direct current (0.2A) for a certain period of time (30 minutes).Then, the battery and the measurement circuit are connected as shown in Fig. 1, and from the oscillator 2, Amplitude 0.14Arms, frequency 10Hz at both terminals of the battery
A sinusoidal perturbation current was applied to the circuit 6 via a known galvanostat 3, and the value of the second harmonic component of the voltage across the battery 1 was measured. This process of discharging, applying, and measuring was repeated at room temperature until the battery was completely discharged.
測定した第２次高調波電圧の値（Ｖ）の、放電
した容量（Ah）、残存容量（Ah）及び残存容量
率（％）に対するグラフを第２図に示す。ここ
で、残存容量率とは次式で表わされるものとす
る。 FIG. 2 shows a graph of the measured second harmonic voltage value (V) versus discharged capacity (Ah), remaining capacity (Ah), and remaining capacity ratio (%). Here, the remaining capacity rate is expressed by the following equation.
残存容量率 ＝最大放電可能容量−放電した容量／最大放電可能
容量×100（％） 第２図に示す残存容量対応値に対する第２次高
調波電圧の曲線は、残存容量の減少に対して大き
く変化しており、このようなグラフを予め求めて
おけば、同種の電池に対して第２次高調波電圧の
値を測定することによつて残存容量を容易に、正
確に且つ電池に特別な装置を組込むことなく測定
し得ることが判る。Remaining capacity rate = Maximum dischargeable capacity - Discharged capacity / Maximum dischargeable capacity x 100 (%) The curve of the second harmonic voltage for the remaining capacity corresponding value shown in Figure 2 shows that the curve of the second harmonic voltage with respect to the remaining capacity decreases greatly. If you obtain such a graph in advance, you can easily and accurately determine the remaining capacity by measuring the value of the second harmonic voltage for batteries of the same type. It can be seen that measurements can be made without incorporating any equipment.
尚、高調波フイルタ４を、回路の電圧の基本波
成分をも出力可能なものとし、第ｎ次高調波電圧
の値とともに基本波電圧の値をも測定するように
してもよい。この場合の、上記と同様にして測定
して得られた基本波電圧の値と第２次高調波電圧
の値との比（百分率）の第２図と同様の図を第３
図に示す。 The harmonic filter 4 may also be configured to be capable of outputting the fundamental wave component of the voltage of the circuit, and may be configured to measure the value of the fundamental wave voltage as well as the value of the n-th harmonic voltage. In this case, the same diagram as Figure 2 shows the ratio (percentage) of the value of the fundamental wave voltage and the value of the second harmonic voltage obtained by measuring in the same manner as above.
As shown in the figure.
第３図に示す残存容量対応値に対する基本波電
圧の値と第ｎ次高調波電圧対応値の値との比の曲
線も、残存容量の減少に対して大きく変化してお
り、このようなグラフを予め求めておけば、同種
の電池に対して基本波電圧の値及び第２次高調波
電圧の値を測定することによつて残存容量を容易
に、正確に且つ電池それ自身に特別な装置を組込
むことなく測定し得ることが判る。 The curve of the ratio of the fundamental wave voltage value to the value corresponding to the n-th harmonic voltage with respect to the remaining capacity corresponding value shown in Fig. 3 also changes greatly as the remaining capacity decreases, and such a graph If you determine this in advance, you can easily and accurately determine the remaining capacity by measuring the fundamental wave voltage value and the second harmonic voltage value for the same type of battery, and you can also use a special device for the battery itself. It can be seen that measurements can be made without incorporating.
上述の実施例では、判定に用いる高調波電圧と
して第２次高調波電圧を用いたが、測定する高調
波電圧成分は第２次高調波電圧に限定されるもの
ではなく、被測定電池の種類、印加する交流電流
の振幅、周波数によつては、より高い次数の高調
波電圧を測定してもよい。第４図は、ペースト式
鉛蓄電池（6N12A−2C）に振幅0.8Arms、周波
数１Hzの交流電流を印加した場合の電圧の高調波
スペクトルを示すものであり、横軸は高調波電圧
の次数（ｎ）、縦軸は第ｎ次高調波電圧の振幅
（Vrms）である。第５図は、同じ蓄電池を用い、
交流電流の周波数を100Hzとした場合の、第４図
と同様の高調波スペクトルである。第４図と第５
図を比較すれば、周波数を100Hzとした場合には、
第３次高調波成分を測定した方が有利であること
が判る。 In the above example, the second harmonic voltage was used as the harmonic voltage used for determination, but the harmonic voltage component to be measured is not limited to the second harmonic voltage, and may vary depending on the type of battery to be measured. Depending on the amplitude and frequency of the applied alternating current, higher harmonic voltages may be measured. Figure 4 shows the voltage harmonic spectrum when an alternating current with an amplitude of 0.8 Arms and a frequency of 1 Hz is applied to a paste type lead-acid battery (6N12A-2C), and the horizontal axis represents the harmonic voltage order (n ), and the vertical axis is the amplitude (Vrms) of the nth harmonic voltage. Figure 5 shows that using the same storage battery,
This is the same harmonic spectrum as in Fig. 4 when the frequency of the alternating current is 100Hz. Figures 4 and 5
Comparing the figures, if the frequency is 100Hz,
It turns out that it is more advantageous to measure the third harmonic component.
尚、第１図に例示されているような本発明方法
を実施するための装置は、公知のマイクロエレク
トロニクス技術により容易に小形化し得るので、
例えば自動車の計器盤にあるいは電池を電源とす
る小型の測定機器等に容易に組み込むことができ
る。第２図または第３図の如き特性曲線を不揮発
性メモリに記憶させておき、マイクロプロセツサ
により該メモリの内容と測定装置の出力とを比較
して、残存容量を自動的に表示させるようにある
いは充電装置を制御するようにすることもでき
る。 Incidentally, since the apparatus for implementing the method of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 1 can be easily miniaturized using known microelectronics technology,
For example, it can be easily incorporated into an automobile instrument panel or into a small measuring device powered by a battery. A characteristic curve as shown in Fig. 2 or 3 is stored in a non-volatile memory, and a microprocessor compares the contents of the memory with the output of the measuring device to automatically display the remaining capacity. Alternatively, the charging device can also be controlled.
高調波電圧とあるいは基本波電圧及び高調波電
圧と残存容量との関係は、電池の種類、容量等に
よつて異なるので、前記メモリを取替可能とし、
電池交換の際に、新しく用いる電池に適合した内
容を記憶したメモリと交換することによつて、電
池を交換しても測定装置全体を取替えることなく
既存の測定装置によつて残存容量を知ることがで
きる。この場合、メモリには印加すべき交流電流
の振幅値、周波数、測定すべき高調波の次数等を
も記憶させておき、この記憶内容に従つて発振器
等を制御して、電池の種類、容易等に応じた測定
をするのが有利である。 The relationship between the harmonic voltage, or the fundamental voltage and harmonic voltage, and the remaining capacity varies depending on the type and capacity of the battery, so the memory is made replaceable,
By replacing the battery with a memory that stores the contents that are compatible with the new battery when replacing the battery, it is possible to know the remaining capacity using the existing measuring device without having to replace the entire measuring device even if the battery is replaced. I can do it. In this case, the memory also stores the amplitude value and frequency of the alternating current to be applied, the order of harmonics to be measured, etc., and controls the oscillator etc. according to the stored contents to easily determine the type of battery and It is advantageous to make measurements accordingly.
電池内の化学反応は、周囲の温度及び使用充放
電回数によつて異なるので、前以つて何種類かの
環境温度及び使用回数による特性を求めてメモリ
に記憶させておき、マイクロプロセツサにより測
定の温度補償及び回数補償を行なうようにするの
が適当である。 The chemical reactions inside the battery vary depending on the ambient temperature and the number of times it is used, so the characteristics depending on several types of environmental temperature and number of times used are determined and stored in memory, and then measured using a microprocessor. It is appropriate to perform temperature compensation and frequency compensation.
発明の効果 斯くして、本発明によれば、電池の残存容量を
正確に、且つ電池それ自身に特別な装置を施すこ
となく知ることのできる方法及びそのための装置
類が提供される。Effects of the Invention Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a method and devices for determining the remaining capacity of a battery accurately and without providing any special equipment to the battery itself.
第１図は本発明を実施するための装置の１例の
概略ブロツク図、第２図は第２次高調波電圧と残
存容量との関係を示すグラフ、第３図は第２次高
調波電圧対基本波電圧の比と残存容量との関係を
示すグラフ、第４図は１Hzの交流電圧を印加した
場合の高調波電圧スペクトル、第５図は100Hzの
交流電圧を印加した場合の高調波電圧スペクトル
を示す。 １……被測定電池、２……発振器、３……ガル
バノスタツト、４……高調波フイルタ、５……電
圧計、６……回路。 Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a device for carrying out the present invention, Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between second harmonic voltage and remaining capacity, and Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between second harmonic voltage and remaining capacity. A graph showing the relationship between the ratio of voltage to the fundamental wave and the remaining capacity. Figure 4 shows the harmonic voltage spectrum when a 1Hz AC voltage is applied. Figure 5 shows the harmonic voltage when a 100Hz AC voltage is applied. The spectrum is shown. 1... Battery to be measured, 2... Oscillator, 3... Galvanostat, 4... Harmonic filter, 5... Voltmeter, 6... Circuit.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023897AJPS60166876A (en) | 1984-02-09 | 1984-02-09 | Method and apparatus for knowing residual capacity of battery |
| US06/699,090US4687996A (en) | 1984-02-09 | 1985-02-07 | Method and apparatus for measuring remaining charge of galvanic cell |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023897AJPS60166876A (en) | 1984-02-09 | 1984-02-09 | Method and apparatus for knowing residual capacity of battery |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60166876A JPS60166876A (en) | 1985-08-30 |
| JPH0473113B2true JPH0473113B2 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023897AGrantedJPS60166876A (en) | 1984-02-09 | 1984-02-09 | Method and apparatus for knowing residual capacity of battery |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60166876A (en) |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60166876A (en) | 1985-08-30 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |