【発明の詳細な説明】〔産業上の利用分野〕この発明は、記録媒体に静止画データを圧縮符号化して
記録する際に、記録媒体に記録できる静止画の枚数を保
証するようにした画像データ記録方式に関し、特に電子
スチルビデオカメラに適用して好適なものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention provides an image processing system that guarantees the number of still images that can be recorded on a recording medium when still image data is compressed and encoded and recorded on the recording medium. Regarding the data recording method, it is particularly suitable for application to electronic still video cameras.
自然画像（静止画）に対する高能率な圧縮符号化技術と
して、直交変換に可変長符号を組み合わせた方式が有効
とされ、カラー静止画符号化方式の国際標準にもこの方
式が採用されることが決定している（画像電子学会誌；
Ｖｏｌ、１８．Ｎｏ、６゜Ｐ３９８〜Ｐ４０７参照）
。A method that combines orthogonal transformation and variable length codes is considered to be effective as a highly efficient compression encoding technology for natural images (still images), and this method is expected to be adopted as an international standard for color still image encoding. It has been decided (Journal of the Institute of Image Electronics Engineers;
Vol, 18. No, 6゜See P398-P407)
.
この種の符号化方式では、ある種のパラメータを制御す
ることによって復号画像の画質と符号化後の符号量との
関係を制御することができる。復号画像と符号量との関
係は、符号量が大きいほど、すなわち圧縮の度合いが小
さいほど原画像からの画質の劣化は小さく、符号量が小
さいほど、すなわち圧縮の度合いが大きいほど原画像か
らの画質の劣化は大きくなる。ただし、この種の符号化
方式では、符号化に際して画像の局所的な相関を利用し
た適応的な処理を行っているため、処理画像の性質に応
じた高能率な圧縮符号化が可能となる。In this type of encoding method, by controlling certain parameters, it is possible to control the relationship between the image quality of a decoded image and the amount of code after encoding. The relationship between the decoded image and the amount of code is that the larger the amount of code, that is, the lower the degree of compression, the smaller the deterioration of the image quality from the original image, and the smaller the amount of code, that is, the higher the degree of compression, the lower the deterioration of the image quality from the original image. The image quality will deteriorate significantly. However, in this type of encoding method, adaptive processing is performed using local correlation of images during encoding, so highly efficient compression encoding is possible according to the properties of the processed image.
しかし、その反面、符号量制御パラメータと得られる符
号量との関係は画像毎に異なってくる。従って、複数の
処理画像に対して同じ符号量制御パラメータで符号化を
行うと、−ｉに絵柄の細かな画像は符号量が大きく、へ
夕の多い平坦な画像は符号量が小さくなる。However, on the other hand, the relationship between the code amount control parameter and the obtained code amount differs from image to image. Therefore, when a plurality of processed images are encoded using the same code amount control parameter, an image with a fine pattern at -i will have a large code amount, and a flat image with a large pattern will have a small code amount.
ところで、これまでの静止画符号化方式の応用は、主に
静止画テレビ電話やファクシミリ等の画像伝送、画像デ
ータヘースへの蓄積等が考えられてきた。このため、任
意の処理画像に対して一定の符号量が得られるように符
号化を行うことは必ずしも必要ではなかった。このため
、この種の符号化方式では、処理画像毎に一定の符号量
が得られるように符号化を行う技術については、まだ十
分な検討がなされていない。By the way, the applications of the still image encoding method so far have mainly been considered to be image transmission for still image video telephones, facsimiles, etc., storage of image data in an image data base, and the like. For this reason, it is not always necessary to encode an arbitrary processed image so as to obtain a constant amount of code. For this reason, in this type of encoding method, sufficient studies have not yet been made on techniques for encoding so that a constant amount of code is obtained for each processed image.
ところが、この種の符号化方式を、例えば電子スチルビ
デオカメラに適用しようとすると、記録媒体−枚当たり
に記録できる静止画の枚数を、常に一定に保つ機能が要
求される。特に民生用のカメラでは、使用者に何枚の静
止画が記録できるかを知らせる機能は極めて重要である
。However, when this type of encoding system is applied to, for example, an electronic still video camera, a function is required to always maintain a constant number of still images that can be recorded per recording medium. Particularly in consumer cameras, a function that informs the user how many still images can be recorded is extremely important.
この発明は、記録媒体−枚当たりに記録できる静止画の
枚数を、記録する静止画の情報量にかかわらず常に一定
に保ち、かつ記憶媒体の容量に無駄が生じないように記
録する画像データ記録方式を提供することを目的とする
。This invention provides image data recording in which the number of still images that can be recorded per recording medium is always kept constant regardless of the amount of information of the still images recorded, and the capacity of the storage medium is not wasted. The purpose is to provide a method.
この発明による画像データ記録方式は、静止画データを
、直交変換と可変長符号化とを組み合わせた方式で圧縮
符号化し、記録媒体に記録する際に、複数枚の静止画の
圧縮符号化後の累積符号量と目標とする累積符号量とを
比較し、上記圧縮符号化後の累積符号量が上記目標累積
符号量に近づ（ように次に記録する静止画の圧縮率を制
御し、上記記録媒体に記録する静止画の枚数を一定に保
つように構成する。The image data recording method according to the present invention compresses and encodes still image data using a method that combines orthogonal transformation and variable length encoding, and when recording it on a recording medium, compresses and encodes still image data after compressing and encoding a plurality of still images. The cumulative code amount is compared with the target cumulative code amount, and the compression ratio of the still image to be recorded next is controlled so that the cumulative code amount after the compression encoding approaches the target cumulative code amount. The number of still images recorded on a recording medium is kept constant.
また、この発明による画像データ記録方式の他の方式は
、静止画データを、直交変換と可変長符号化とを組み合
わせた方式で圧縮符号化し、記録媒体に記録する際に、
上記記録媒体の静止画一枚当たりの記憶容量を一定値Ｐ
ｍａｘとし、上記静止画データを所定の圧縮率で圧縮符
号化することによって上記記録媒体に記録する静止画の
枚数を一定に保ち、上記静止画データの圧縮符号化後の
符号量が上記Ｐ ｍａｘを超えるときのみ上記圧縮符号
化時の圧縮率を大きくして圧縮符号化後の符号量が上記
Ｐ ｒｍａｘ以下となるように制御するように構成する
。In addition, another method of the image data recording method according to the present invention compresses and encodes still image data using a method that combines orthogonal transformation and variable length encoding, and when recording it on a recording medium,
The storage capacity per still image of the above recording medium is a constant value P
max, the number of still images recorded on the recording medium is kept constant by compressing and encoding the still image data at a predetermined compression rate, and the code amount of the still image data after compression encoding is the above P max The compression ratio at the time of compression encoding is increased only when P rmax is exceeded, and control is performed so that the code amount after compression encoding is equal to or less than P rmax.
〔作 用］この発明は、記録媒体に記録する静止画の枚数を一定に
保つために、累積符号量の目標値を予め定め、実際の累
積符号量がこの目標値を超えるときは、次に圧縮符号化
する静止画の圧縮率を大きくして符号量を低下させ、逆
に、実際の累積符号量が目標値より小さいシきは、次に
圧縮符号化する静止画の圧縮率を小さくして符号量を増
加させ、それぞれ累積符号量が目標値に近づくように制
御する。[Function] In order to keep the number of still images recorded on a recording medium constant, this invention predetermines a target value for the cumulative code amount, and when the actual cumulative code amount exceeds this target value, the following steps are performed: Decrease the amount of code by increasing the compression rate of the still image to be compression-encoded. Conversely, if the actual cumulative amount of code is smaller than the target value, reduce the compression rate of the still image to be compression-encoded next. control so that the cumulative code amount approaches the target value.
また、この発明は、記録媒体に記録する静止画の枚数を
一定に保つために、各静止画の圧縮率および静止画一枚
当たりの記録媒体における記憶容量をそれぞれ固定し、
圧縮符号化後の符号量がこの記憶容量を超える静止画の
ときは、圧縮率を大きくして符号量を固定の記憶容量以
下となるように制御する。Furthermore, in order to keep the number of still images recorded on the recording medium constant, the compression rate of each still image and the storage capacity of the recording medium per still image are fixed, respectively.
When a still image has a code amount after compression encoding that exceeds this storage capacity, the compression rate is increased to control the code amount to be less than or equal to the fixed storage capacity.
第１図は、この発明による画像データ記録方式の一実施
例を示すブロック図で、電子スチルヒデオカメラに適用
した例を示している。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the image data recording method according to the present invention, and shows an example where the method is applied to an electronic still video camera.
第１図において、撮像部ｌはレンズを通して結像される
被写体像を映像信号に変換するＣＣＤ等の固体撮像素子
からなり、この撮像部１から出力されるアナログ画像信
号はＡＤ変換部２でディジタル画像データに変換され、
フレームメモリ３に一時的に記憶される。フレームメモ
リ３に記憶されたディジタル画像データは符号化部４で
所定の圧縮率で圧縮符号化される。In FIG. 1, the imaging unit l consists of a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD that converts a subject image formed through a lens into a video signal, and the analog image signal output from the imaging unit 1 is converted into a digital signal by an AD conversion unit 2. converted to image data,
It is temporarily stored in the frame memory 3. The digital image data stored in the frame memory 3 is compressed and encoded by the encoding section 4 at a predetermined compression rate.
符号化部４は、フレームメモリ３に記憶された静止画デ
ータを、水平および垂直方向に１ブロツクｎＸｎ画素、
例えば８×８画素の複数ブロックに分割し、各ブロンク
毎に２次元離散コサイン変換（ＤＣＴ）を施すＤＣＴ部
４ａと、このＤＣＴ部４ａで得られるｎＸｎ個のＤＣＴ
係数にｎＸｎ個の数値からなる量子化テーブルを除算し
て量子化する量子化部４ｂとからなる。ＤＣＴは周波数
領域における直交変換の一種で、変換係数をＦ １ｊ（
ｉ、ｊ＝０．１．・・・、ｎ−１） 、１ブロツクの画
像データをｆ４．とすると、但し、Ｃ，＝１．＃２ （Ｗ＝Ｏ）−１（ｗ≠Ｏ）で定義され、得られる変換係数Ｆ 、はそれぞれ１ブロ
ツク分の画像データを空間周波数６二分解した成分を示
している。この変換係数Ｆ 、のうち、係数Ｆ０゜は画
像データｆ ｉｊのｎＸｎ画素の平均値に比例した値（
直流成分）を示し、変数ｉ、ｊが大きくなるにつれて周
波数の高い成分（交流成分）を示している。こうして得
られるｎＸｎ個のＤＣＴ係数は、量子化部４ｂで各ブロ
ンク毎にｎＸｎ個の闇値からなる量子化テーブルの各闇
値で除算され量子化される。第２図に８×８個の闇値か
らなる量子化テーブルの一例を示す。圧縮符号化後の符
号量の増減、すなわち圧縮率はこの量子化テーブルの各
闇値の大きさによって調整することが出来る。The encoding unit 4 converts the still image data stored in the frame memory 3 into one block of nXn pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions.
For example, there is a DCT unit 4a that divides into multiple blocks of 8×8 pixels and performs two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) on each block, and nXn DCTs obtained by this DCT unit 4a.
The quantization section 4b quantizes the coefficient by dividing it by a quantization table consisting of nXn numerical values. DCT is a type of orthogonal transform in the frequency domain, and the transform coefficients are F 1j (
i, j=0.1. ..., n-1), one block of image data is transferred to f4. However, C,=1. #2 (W=O) −1 (w≠O), and the resulting transformation coefficient F indicates a component obtained by decomposing one block of image data into six spatial frequencies. Of this conversion coefficient F, the coefficient F0° is a value (
(DC component), and as variables i and j become larger, a higher frequency component (AC component) is shown. The nXn DCT coefficients obtained in this way are divided and quantized by each dark value of a quantization table consisting of nXn dark values for each bronc in the quantization section 4b. FIG. 2 shows an example of a quantization table consisting of 8×8 dark values. The increase/decrease in the amount of code after compression encoding, that is, the compression rate, can be adjusted by the magnitude of each dark value in this quantization table.
こうして圧縮符号化されたディジタル画像データは、符
号Ｎ測定部５で符号量が測定され、フロッピーディスク
等の記録媒体７に記録される。制御部６は符号量測定部
５で測定した符号量に応じて量子化部４ｂに供給する量
子化テーブルを切り換え、すなわち闇値の異なる量子化
テーブルを供給することで圧縮率を変化させ、圧縮後の
符号量を制御する。従って、制御部６には闇値の異なる
複数の量子化テーブルが用意されている。The code amount of the digital image data compressed and encoded in this manner is measured by a code N measuring section 5, and is recorded on a recording medium 7 such as a floppy disk. The control unit 6 switches the quantization table supplied to the quantization unit 4b according to the code amount measured by the code amount measurement unit 5, that is, changes the compression rate by supplying quantization tables with different dark values, and performs compression. Controls the subsequent code amount. Therefore, the control unit 6 is provided with a plurality of quantization tables having different darkness values.
次に、第３図に示す動作説明回を参照してこの実施例の
動作を説明する。なお、図中、横軸は記録媒体７に記録
される静止画の累積枚数を示し、継軸は記録媒体７に記
録される全静止画の累積符号量および各静止画の圧縮率
（大、中、小）を示す。また、斜めの破線は記録媒体７
に記録される全静止画の累積符号量の目標値を示し、値
Ｑ ｔａａｘは記録媒体７に全Ｎ枚の静止画を記録した
ときの累積符号量の目標値を示す。この値Ｑｍａｘは記
録媒体７の最大記憶容量よりやや低く目に設定しである
。従って、記録媒体７に割り当てられる静止画一枚当た
りの記録容量は「Ｑｍａｘ／ＮＪ、第ｍ枚目の静止画を
記録するときの累積符号量の目標イ直はｒｍＸＱ＋＊ａ
ｘ／Ｎ」である。Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained with reference to the operation explanation section shown in FIG. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the cumulative number of still images recorded on the recording medium 7, and the joint axis indicates the cumulative code amount of all still images recorded on the recording medium 7 and the compression rate of each still image (large, large, medium, small). Also, the diagonal broken line indicates the recording medium 7.
The value Qtaax indicates the target value of the cumulative code amount when all N still images are recorded on the recording medium 7. This value Qmax is set slightly lower than the maximum storage capacity of the recording medium 7. Therefore, the recording capacity per still image allocated to the recording medium 7 is "Qmax/NJ," and the target cumulative code amount when recording the m-th still image is rmXQ+*a
x/N”.
第３図において、第一枚目の静止画の記録時には、圧縮
率「中」を与える量子化テーブルで符号化を行う。その
結果、得られる符号量Ｓｌは目標値を超えているので、
第２枚目の静止画の記録時には、圧縮率「大」を与える
闇値の大きな量子化テーブルで符号化を行い、累積符号
量を低下させる。次いで、第３枚目の静止画の記録時に
は、第一枚目の符号量Ｓ１と第２枚目の符号量Ｓ２との
累積値が目標値と一致しているので、再び圧縮率「中」
を与える量子化テーブルで符号化を行う。In FIG. 3, when recording the first still image, encoding is performed using a quantization table that gives a compression rate of "medium". As a result, the obtained code amount Sl exceeds the target value, so
When recording the second still image, encoding is performed using a quantization table with a large dark value that gives a "high" compression ratio, thereby reducing the cumulative code amount. Next, when recording the third still image, the cumulative value of the code amount S1 of the first image and the code amount S2 of the second image matches the target value, so the compression rate is set to "medium" again.
Encoding is performed using a quantization table that gives .
以下、同様の処理を繰り返し、第Ｎ枚目の静止画の記録
終了時には、累積符号量が目標値Ｑｍａｘになるように
、制御部６で量子化テーブルを切り換え、記録媒体７に
記録する静止画の枚数を一定数Ｎに保つようにする。Thereafter, the same process is repeated, and when the recording of the Nth still image is finished, the control unit 6 switches the quantization table so that the cumulative code amount becomes the target value Qmax, and the still image is recorded on the recording medium 7. The number of sheets is kept at a constant number N.
次に、この発明の他の実施例について説明する。Next, other embodiments of the invention will be described.
前述の実施例では、既に符号化した静止画の累積符号量
から次に符号化する静止画の圧縮率（大中、小）を定め
、全Ｎ枚の静止画の符号量が目標値Ｑ ｍａｘとなるよ
うに量子化テーブルを切り換えるようにしたが、静止画
一枚当たりの符号量を予め固定しておくことで記録媒体
７に記録できる静止画の枚数を確保し、記録する静止画
の圧縮後の符号量がその固定値Ｐ ｍａｘを超えるとき
のみ闇値の大きな量子化テーブルに切り換えて圧縮率を
上げ、固定値Ｐ ｍａｘになるように制御するようにし
てもよい。ところで、−船釣な写真画像のような画像デ
ータでは、圧縮符号化後の符号量の範囲が画像の性質に
よって３倍程度の差があると言われている。例えばＩＴ
Ｅテストチャートの１肌色チャートＪのような平坦部の
多い画像に比べて同テストチャートの「スイスの山村」
のような風景画は、同一の画質（ＳＮ比）において、約
３倍の符号量を有する。そこで、一般の写真画像のよう
な場合、γスイスの山村Ｊのような風景画が最も符号量
の多い画像とみなし、このときの符号量を、静止画−枚
分の符号量として記録媒体に確保するようにする。こう
することにより、通常の撮影においては、符号量がＰｍ
ａｘを超えることは殆どなく、従って、記録媒体−枚当
たりに記録できる記録枚数が保証できる。符号量がＰｍ
ａｘを超える画像の場合は、制御部６でこれを判断して
量子化テーブルを切り換え、符号化部４で圧縮率を高く
して符号量がＰ ｎ＋ａｘ以下となるように圧縮符号化
した後、記録媒体７に記録するようにする。このように
して記録媒体に記録できる静止画の枚数を一定に保つ。In the above-mentioned embodiment, the compression rate (large, medium, small) of the still image to be encoded next is determined from the cumulative code amount of still images that have already been encoded, and the code amount of all N still images is set to the target value Q max. However, by fixing the amount of code per still image in advance, the number of still images that can be recorded on the recording medium 7 can be secured, and the still images to be recorded can be compressed. Only when the subsequent code amount exceeds the fixed value P max, the compression rate may be increased by switching to a quantization table with a large dark value, and control may be performed to reach the fixed value P max. By the way, it is said that for image data such as photographic images of fishing boats, the range of code amount after compression encoding varies by about three times depending on the nature of the image. For example, IT
Compared to images with many flat areas such as 1 Flesh Color Chart J of E Test Chart, "Mountain Village in Switzerland" of the same test chart
A landscape picture like this has about three times as much code for the same image quality (SN ratio). Therefore, in the case of general photographic images, a landscape painting such as γ Switzerland's Yamamura J is considered to be an image with the largest amount of code, and the amount of code at this time is recorded on the recording medium as the amount of code for a still image. Make sure to secure it. By doing this, in normal shooting, the code amount is Pm
ax is hardly exceeded, and therefore, the number of recording sheets that can be recorded per recording medium can be guaranteed. The amount of code is Pm
In the case of an image exceeding ax, the control unit 6 determines this and switches the quantization table, and the encoding unit 4 increases the compression rate and compresses and encodes the image so that the code amount is less than or equal to Pn+ax. The information is recorded on the recording medium 7. In this way, the number of still images that can be recorded on the recording medium is kept constant.
なお、テストチャートｒスイスの山村」のような変化の
多い画像は、平坦部の多い画像に比べて圧縮率を上げて
もブロック歪み等の妨害の目立つノイズが発生しにくい
といわれているので、前述した静止画一枚当たりの固定
符号量Ｐ ｍａｘを、３分の２程度に低減しても比較的
良好な再生画像が得られ、かつ記録媒体の記録枚数を１
．５倍に増やすことが可能となる。In addition, it is said that images with many changes such as "Test Chart R Swiss Mountain Village" are less prone to noticeable interference noise such as block distortion even if the compression rate is increased compared to images with many flat areas. Even if the fixed code amount P max per still image is reduced to about two-thirds, a relatively good reproduced image can be obtained, and the number of recorded images on the recording medium can be reduced to one.
．． It is possible to increase it five times.
この発明ムこよれば、記録媒体に記録する静止画の記録
枚数を、記録する静止画の内容にかかわらず常に一定に
保つことができ、記録媒体にあと何枚の静止画を記録で
きるかを、使用者に知らせることが可能となる。According to this invention, the number of still images recorded on a recording medium can always be kept constant regardless of the content of the recorded still images, and it is possible to keep the number of still images recorded on a recording medium constant. , it becomes possible to notify the user.
第１図はこの発明による画像データ記録方式の一実施例
を示すブロック図、第２図は量子化テーブルの一例を示す表、第３図はこの
発明の詳細な説明するための動作説明図である。１・・・撮像部、２・・・ＡＤ変換部、３・・・フレー
ムメモリ、４・・・符号化部、４ａ・・・ＤＣＴ部、４
ｂ・・・量子化部、５・・・符号量測定部、６・・・制
御部、７・・・記録媒体。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the image data recording method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a table showing an example of a quantization table, and FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram for explaining the present invention in detail. be. 1... Imaging unit, 2... AD conversion unit, 3... Frame memory, 4... Encoding unit, 4a... DCT unit, 4
b... Quantization unit, 5... Code amount measuring unit, 6... Control unit, 7... Recording medium.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2268291AJPH04145781A (en) | 1990-10-08 | 1990-10-08 | Image data recording method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2268291AJPH04145781A (en) | 1990-10-08 | 1990-10-08 | Image data recording method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04145781Atrue JPH04145781A (en) | 1992-05-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2268291APendingJPH04145781A (en) | 1990-10-08 | 1990-10-08 | Image data recording method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04145781A (en) |
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