【発明の詳細な説明】[産業上の利用分野]本発明はホーンアレイアンテナに関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention][Industrial application field]The present invention relates to a horn array antenna.
[従来の技術]最近、赤道上空36000Kmの静止軌道上の衛星によ
るSHF帯(12GHz)を用いた衛星通信や衛星放送
が実用化されており、使用される電波は直線偏波(水平
、垂直)、円偏波(右旋、左旋)が使用されている。[Prior Art] Recently, satellite communications and satellite broadcasting using the SHF band (12 GHz) using satellites in a geostationary orbit 36,000 km above the equator have been put into practical use, and the radio waves used are linearly polarized (horizontal, vertical). , circularly polarized waves (right-handed, left-handed) are used.
これらの電波を受信するアンテナはパラボラアンテナが
一般的に使用されているが、アンテナの構成として反射
面の前面に一次放射器を必要とするために美観上良くな
いし、雪が降った時など一次放射器に凍り付き正常に動
作しなくなることがある。Parabolic antennas are commonly used to receive these radio waves, but the antenna structure requires a primary radiator in front of the reflecting surface, which is not aesthetically pleasing, and the primary radiation is not good when it snows. The container may freeze and stop working properly.
そのため、表面が平面である平面アンテナのメリットが
重要視されるようになってきた。For this reason, the advantages of planar antennas with flat surfaces have come to be considered important.
[発明が解決しようとする課題]しかしなから基本的には平面アンテナは小さな受信エレ
メントで受信して給電系で信号を集めるようになってい
るため、給電系のロスが増大し、結果受信性能が犠牲に
なる傾向があった。[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, basically, planar antennas receive signals with small receiving elements and collect signals in the feed system, which increases loss in the feed system, resulting in poor reception performance. tended to be sacrificed.
本発明は上述の問題点に鑑みて為されたもので、給電系
ロスを低減し、アンテナゲインの低下を防ぐと共にアン
テナ内部で発生する熱雑音を低く抑えることができるホ
ーンアレイアンテナを提供することを目的とし、また併
せて請求項2記載の発明は受信電波の垂直偏波、水平偏
波の2種類の電波を同時に受信することができるホーン
アレイアンテナを提供することを目的とする。更に請求
項3記載の発明は水平、垂直の各偏波の電波を、また請
求項4記載の発明は円偏波の電波を受信することができ
るホーンアレイアンテナを提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a horn array antenna that can reduce feeding system loss, prevent a decrease in antenna gain, and suppress thermal noise generated inside the antenna. Another object of the present invention is to provide a horn array antenna that can simultaneously receive two types of received radio waves: vertically polarized waves and horizontally polarized waves. A further object of the invention is to provide a horn array antenna capable of receiving horizontally and vertically polarized radio waves, and a fourth aspect of the invention is capable of receiving circularly polarized radio waves.
更に請求項6記載の発鳴はアンテナの地面との平行設置
を可能としたホーンアンテナを提供することを目的とし
、更に請求項6記載の発明は軽量且つ低コストで製作で
きるホーンアンテナを提供することを目的とする。Furthermore, the object of the sound generation described in claim 6 is to provide a horn antenna that allows the antenna to be installed parallel to the ground, and furthermore, the invention described in claim 6 provides a horn antenna that is lightweight and can be manufactured at low cost. The purpose is to
[課題を解決するための手段]本発明は1以上のホーンアンテナをアレー状に配置し、
各ホーンアンテナの接続部に導波管を接続して導波管合
成することを特徴とするものであり、請求項2記載の発
明は請求項1記載の発明において、電波の偏波面に合わ
せて水平、垂直の円偏波の電波が受信できるようにホー
ンアンテナ及び導波管の断面構造を形成して、これらの
受信電波の信号を導波管で同時伝送して合成するもので
ある。[Means for solving the problem] The present invention arranges one or more horn antennas in an array,
The invention is characterized in that a waveguide is connected to the connecting portion of each horn antenna to perform waveguide synthesis. The cross-sectional structure of the horn antenna and waveguide is formed so that horizontal and vertical circularly polarized radio waves can be received, and the signals of these received radio waves are simultaneously transmitted and synthesized through the waveguide.
また請求項3記載の発明は請求項2の発明において、水
平、垂直の信号を合成して出力させる導波管の出力部に
おいて導波管内に配置したプローブをモータで回転制御
して水平、垂直のいずれか一方の信号を出力させる切り
換え手段を設けたことを特徴とし、更に請求項4記載の
発明は請求項2記載の発明において、水平偏波の信号と
、垂直偏波の信号の位相を90度動かして左旋、右旋の
円偏波に、変換する手段を設けたものである。Further, the invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, in which a probe disposed in the waveguide is controlled to rotate by a motor at an output part of the waveguide that synthesizes and outputs horizontal and vertical signals. Further, the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that in the invention according to claim 2, the phase of the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal is changed. It is provided with a means for converting it into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves by moving it 90 degrees.
また更に請求項5記載の発明は請求項2の発明において
、水平偏波成分と、垂直偏波成分とを分離して受信しベ
クトル合成を行う偏波角コントローラを設けたもので、
更にまた水平偏波の信号と、垂直偏波の信号の位相を9
0度動かして左旋、右旋の円偏波に変換する手段を設け
たものである。Furthermore, the invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 2, which is provided with a polarization angle controller that separately receives the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component and performs vector synthesis.
Furthermore, the phase of the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal is changed to 9
A means is provided for converting the wave by 0 degrees into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves.
請求項6記載の発明は請求項1〜請求項5記載に発明に
おいて、表面を金属メッキした合成樹脂成形品からホー
ンアンテナ、導波管を形成したものである。The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claims 1 to 5, in which the horn antenna and the waveguide are formed from a synthetic resin molded product whose surface is plated with metal.
[作用コ而して本発明によれば給電系に導波管を用いるから給電
系のロスを低減することができ、その結果ゲイン低下を
防ぐとともに、アンテナ内部で発生する熱雑音を低く抑
えることができるのである。[Operations] According to the present invention, since a waveguide is used in the feeding system, loss in the feeding system can be reduced, and as a result, gain reduction can be prevented and thermal noise generated inside the antenna can be kept low. This is possible.
さらに請求項2記載の発明は電波の偏波面に合わせて水
平、垂直の円偏波の電波が受信できるようにホーンアン
テナ及び導波管の断面構造を形成して、これらの受信電
波の信号を導波管で同時伝送して合成することにより受
信電波の偏波の種類に対応することができ、請求項3記
載の発明では水平、垂直の信号を合成して出力させる導
波管の出力部において導波管内に配置したプローブをモ
ータで回転制御して水平、垂直のいずれか一方の信号を
出力させる切り換え手段を設けることにより、水平、垂
直偏波の信号を切り換えて出力させることができ、更に
また請求項4記載の発明は水平偏波の信号と、垂直偏波
の信号の位相を90度動かして左旋、右旋の円偏波に変
換する手段を設けることにより、左旋、右旋の円偏波の
信号を得ることができる。Furthermore, the invention according to claim 2 forms the cross-sectional structure of the horn antenna and the waveguide so that horizontal and vertical circularly polarized radio waves can be received according to the polarization plane of the radio waves, and the signals of these received radio waves are It is possible to correspond to the type of polarization of received radio waves by simultaneously transmitting and combining them in a waveguide, and in the invention according to claim 3, an output section of a waveguide that combines and outputs horizontal and vertical signals. By providing a switching means that outputs either a horizontal or vertical signal by controlling the rotation of the probe placed in the waveguide with a motor, it is possible to switch between horizontal and vertically polarized signals. Furthermore, the invention according to claim 4 provides means for converting the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal by 90 degrees to convert them into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves. Circularly polarized signals can be obtained.
また更に請求項5記載の発明は水平偏波成分と、垂直偏
波成分とを分離して受信しベクトル合成を行う偏波角コ
ントローラを設けることにより、アンテナを水平設置し
ても偏波角に対応させることができるのである。Furthermore, the invention as set forth in claim 5 provides a polarization angle controller that separates and receives horizontally polarized components and vertically polarized components and performs vector synthesis. It is possible to make them correspond.
請求項6記載の発明は請求項1〜請求項5記載に発明に
おいて、表面を金属メッキした合成樹脂成形品からホー
ンアンテナ、導波管を形成することにより、アンテナ全
体の軽量化と、コストの低減を図れるものである。The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claims 1 to 5, in which the horn antenna and the waveguide are formed from a synthetic resin molded product whose surface is plated with metal, thereby reducing the weight of the entire antenna and reducing the cost. This is something that can be reduced.
[実施例]以下本発明を実施例により説明する。[Example]The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.
第1図は実施例の斜視図を示しており、この実施例では
16個のホーンアンテナ1を4×4でアレー状に配置し
てホーンアレイアンテナを構成している。FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment, in which 16 horn antennas 1 are arranged in a 4×4 array to constitute a horn array antenna.
ホーンアンテナ1は放射効率が80%以上〜90%近い
もので、第2図に示すように導波管2を直接一体接続し
て接続ロスを低減させた構造となっている。勿論受信特
性を改善した所謂変形ホーンアンテナを用いても良い。The horn antenna 1 has a radiation efficiency of 80% or more to nearly 90%, and has a structure in which waveguides 2 are directly connected together to reduce connection loss, as shown in FIG. Of course, a so-called modified horn antenna with improved reception characteristics may also be used.
導波管2は水平、垂直面の信号を同時に分離した形で伝
送するように断面が正方形又はそれに近い形をなし、第
3図に示すように左右に相隣接する1対のホーンアンテ
ナ1の受信電波は夫々接続した導波管2の他端間を一体
連結した導波管3により合成され、導波管3の中央に一
体連結したし状の導波管4より取り出されるようになっ
ている0図中Vl、V2は夫々垂直偏波の信号を、hh
2は水平偏波の信号を示す。The waveguide 2 has a square cross section or a shape close to a square so as to simultaneously transmit signals in the horizontal and vertical planes in a separated manner, and as shown in FIG. The received radio waves are combined by a waveguide 3 which integrally connects the other ends of the connected waveguides 2, and are taken out from a wedge-shaped waveguide 4 which is integrally connected to the center of the waveguide 3. In the figure, Vl and V2 are vertically polarized signals, respectively, and hh
2 indicates a horizontally polarized signal.
さて合成した受信電波の信号を取り出す際には垂直偏波
の信号と、水平偏波の信号とを切り換えて取り出すこと
ができるように第4図に示すように導波管4の端部に垂
直に出力用導波管5に一体連結するとともにこの導波管
4の端部に軸方向に配置した先端がコ状のプローブ6を
モータ7により回動させて必要な偏波面の信号を出力用
導波管5より取り出すようになっている。Now, when taking out the synthesized received radio wave signal, the end of the waveguide 4 is placed vertically as shown in Figure 4 so that the vertically polarized signal and the horizontally polarized signal can be switched and taken out. A probe 6 with a U-shaped tip is integrally connected to the output waveguide 5 and arranged in the axial direction at the end of the waveguide 4, and is rotated by a motor 7 to output a signal with a necessary polarization plane. It is designed to be taken out from the waveguide 5.
、モータ7は適宜な制御手段からの制御信号により制御
される。, the motor 7 is controlled by a control signal from a suitable control means.
尚水平、垂直のデュアルな直線偏波を90度位相をずら
して円偏波へ変換する場合には第5図に示すようにフッ
素樹脂(例えばテフロン[商品名])のような誘電体か
らなる位相制御板8をモータ7′等で回転させることに
より、水平、垂直の直線偏波を右旋、左旋の円偏波に変
えることができる。尚図中9はコンバータを示す。In addition, when converting horizontal and vertical dual linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves by shifting the phase by 90 degrees, as shown in Figure 5, a dielectric material such as fluororesin (for example, Teflon [trade name]) is used. By rotating the phase control plate 8 with a motor 7' or the like, horizontal and vertical linearly polarized waves can be changed into right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves. Note that 9 in the figure indicates a converter.
ところで直線偏波の電波を受信するアンテナでは、電波
の直線偏波角が第7図(a)のように地上に対して水平
又は垂直でない場合、従来ではアンテナAをその偏波面
に合わせて第7図(b)のように傾けて、第7図(c)
のように出力を得る必要があるが、地上に対して平行に
設置して、電波の偏波角がいずれに合っても地上に対し
て水平成分、垂直成分を別々に受信してベクトル合成を
行うことにより偏波角を制御する第6図に示す偏波角コ
ントローラを設けても良い。By the way, with an antenna that receives linearly polarized radio waves, if the linear polarization angle of the radio waves is not horizontal or vertical to the ground as shown in Figure 7 (a), conventionally the antenna A is adjusted to the plane of polarization. Tilt it as shown in Figure 7(b) and then tilt it as shown in Figure 7(c).
It is necessary to obtain an output like this, but it is installed parallel to the ground, and regardless of the polarization angle of the radio wave, it receives the horizontal and vertical components separately to the ground and performs vector synthesis. A polarization angle controller shown in FIG. 6 may be provided to control the polarization angle by performing the following steps.
この偏波角コントローラは導波管4からのデュアルな直
線偏波の信号を水平垂直分離器10で水平、垂直の各偏
波の信号に分離し、更に90度のハイブリッド回路から
なる3dbカブラ11v。This polarization angle controller separates the dual linearly polarized signal from the waveguide 4 into horizontal and vertical polarized signals using a horizontal and vertical separator 10, and further includes a 3db coupler 11v consisting of a 90 degree hybrid circuit. .
11、で90度の位相差出力を得、更にモータM。。11, to obtain a 90 degree phase difference output, and further motor M. .
Mhで誘電体14v、14.を回転させて入力信号に位
相差を付ける個別位相器12..12hにより所定の位
相差をつけ、更に合成器13で合成した後コンバータ9
に入力するようになっている。Dielectric 14v in Mh, 14. An individual phase shifter 12. rotates to add a phase difference to the input signal. .. After adding a predetermined phase difference by 12h and further combining by combiner 13, converter 9
It is designed to be input.
次にこの偏波角コントローラの動作原理について説明す
る。Next, the operating principle of this polarization angle controller will be explained.
まず第8図(a)のように電波の偏波角が第8図(d)
のθだけ傾き、第8図(b)のようにアンテナAを地上
に平行に設置したときの水平偏波の出力■7と、垂直偏
波の出力■9は次のようになる。First, as shown in Fig. 8(a), the polarization angle of the radio wave is shown in Fig. 8(d).
When antenna A is installed parallel to the ground as shown in FIG. 8(b), horizontally polarized wave output (7) and vertically polarized wave output (29) are as follows.
Vh=Vllcosθ−Vbs i nθVv=V、s
inθ+V&Co sθ但じ■、;水平偏波成分vb;垂直偏波成分これら出力V、、V、を3dbカプラ11h、11vに
入力すると、3dbカプラ11..11vのの出力V、
、V、は入力に対してパワーが1/2となり、また90
度の位相差が下記の式のように付くことになる。Vh=Vllcosθ−Vbs i nθVv=V,s
inθ+V&Co sθ However, when these outputs V, , V are input to the 3db couplers 11h and 11v, the 3db couplers 11. .. 11v output V,
, V, has 1/2 the power relative to the input, and 90
The phase difference in degrees is given by the following formula.
個別位相器12v、12.の中で夫々φ1.φ2の位相
差を付けることで、となる、また合成した信号はy、。、、、=V、+V2トなり、V、、 Vvヲ代入
すルト、ここでφ2−θ=φ1+θ−π/2のφ1.φ
、の時、垂直偏波成分V、の項は0になる。Individual phase shifter 12v, 12. φ1. By adding a phase difference of φ2, it becomes , and the combined signal is y. ,,, = V, +V2, V,, Substitute Vv, where φ1. of φ2-θ=φ1+θ-π/2. φ
, the term of the vertical polarization component V becomes 0.
面シテvtot、1=rTvasin (ait−M+
+11) ト水平偏波成分V、だけとなる。φ、+θ=
0の条件を出せばV t o t * Ion a 91 n M tと
なる。Face shite vtot, 1=rTvasin (ait-M+
+11) There is only the horizontal polarization component V. φ, +θ=
If the condition of 0 is given, V t o t * Ion a 91 n M t.
逆にφ1−θ−φ2+fj−r/2の時はV、。ta
r = nVbe08 (ωt+φ2+θ)と水平偏波
成分■、だけとなる。φ2+θ=Oの条件を出せばVT
+1 c @l= flVbcosmt トナル。Conversely, when φ1-θ-φ2+fj-r/2, V. ta
Only r = nVbe08 (ωt+φ2+θ) and the horizontal polarization component ■. If the condition of φ2+θ=O is given, VT
+1 c @l= flVbcosmt tonal.
つまり個別位相器12v、12hの位相量を変えるだけ
で、コンバータ9の偏波面における角度を変えても、必
要に応じて水平、垂直の偏波成分Va、Vbを得ること
ができるのである。That is, by simply changing the phase amounts of the individual phase shifters 12v and 12h, even if the angle in the polarization plane of the converter 9 is changed, horizontal and vertical polarization components Va and Vb can be obtained as required.
尚上記ホーンアンテナ1及び導波管2は合成樹脂成型品
で、一体成形され金属メッキを表面に施したものを使用
しである。The horn antenna 1 and waveguide 2 are integrally molded synthetic resin products with metal plating applied to the surface.
[発明の効果]而して本発明は1以上のホーンアンテナをアレー状に配
置し、各ホーンアンテナの接続部に導波管を接続して導
波管合成するので給電系に導波管を用いるから、給電系
のロスを低減することができ、その結果ゲイン低下を防
ぐとともに、アンテナ内部で発生する熱雑音を低く抑え
ることができるという効果を奏する。[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, one or more horn antennas are arranged in an array, and a waveguide is connected to the connecting portion of each horn antenna to combine the waveguides. Since the antenna is used, it is possible to reduce the loss in the feeding system, and as a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in gain and to suppress the thermal noise generated inside the antenna.
併せて請求項2記載の発明は電波の偏波面に合わせて水
平、垂直の円偏波の電波が受信できるようにホーンアン
テナと導波管の断面構造を形成しであるから、これらの
電波の信号を導波管で同時伝送して合成することにより
受信電波の各種の偏波の電波に対応することができ、ま
た請求項3記載の発明では水平、垂直の信号を合成して
出力させる導波管の出力部において導波管内に配置した
プローブをモータで回転制御して水平、垂直のいずれか
一方の信号を出力させる切り換え手段を設けであるから
、水平、垂直偏波の信号を切り換えて出力させることが
でき、更にまた請求項4記載の発明は水平偏波の信号と
、垂直偏波の信号の位相を90度動かして左旋、右旋の
円偏波に変換する手段を設けることにより、左旋、右旋
の円偏波の信号を得ることができるという効果を奏する
。In addition, the invention according to claim 2 forms the cross-sectional structure of the horn antenna and the waveguide so that horizontal and vertical circularly polarized radio waves can be received according to the polarization plane of the radio waves. By simultaneously transmitting and combining signals through a waveguide, it is possible to deal with radio waves of various polarizations of received radio waves. At the output part of the wave tube, a switching means is provided to output either a horizontal or vertical signal by controlling the rotation of the probe placed inside the waveguide using a motor, so it is possible to switch between horizontal and vertical polarized signals. Furthermore, the invention according to claim 4 provides means for converting the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves by shifting the phase of the signal by 90 degrees. , it is possible to obtain left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals.
また更に請求項5記載の発明は水平偏波成分と、垂直偏
波成分とを分離して受信しベクトル合成を行う偏波角コ
ントローラを設けることにより、アンテナを水平設置し
ても偏波角に対応させることができ、請求項6記載の発
明は表面を金属メッキした合成樹脂成形品からホーンア
ンテナ、導波管を形成することにより、アンテナ全体の
軽量化と、コストの低減を図れるという効果を奏する。Furthermore, the invention as set forth in claim 5 provides a polarization angle controller that separates and receives horizontally polarized components and vertically polarized components and performs vector synthesis. The invention according to claim 6 has the effect of reducing the weight and cost of the entire antenna by forming the horn antenna and the waveguide from a synthetic resin molded product whose surface is plated with metal. play.
第1図は本発明の実施例の全体斜視図、第2図は同上の
ホーンアンテナの要部の一部省略せる拡大斜視図、第3
図は同上の導波管の要部一部省略せる拡大斜視図、第4
図は同上に使用する水平、垂直偏波の切り換え手段の概
略構成図、第5図は同上に使用する円偏波の変換手段の
概略構成図、第6図は同上に使用する偏波コントローラ
の概略構成図、第7図及び第8図は同上に使用する偏波
コントロールの説明図である。1はホーンアンテナ、2.3は導波管である。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the same horn antenna with some of the main parts omitted, and FIG.
The figure is an enlarged perspective view of the same waveguide with some of the main parts omitted;
The figure is a schematic diagram of the horizontal and vertical polarization switching means used in the above, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the circular polarization conversion means used in the same, and Figure 6 is the polarization controller used in the same. The schematic configuration diagram, FIGS. 7 and 8 are explanatory diagrams of polarization control used in the above. 1 is a horn antenna; 2. 3 is a waveguide.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3523889AJPH02214307A (en) | 1989-02-15 | 1989-02-15 | Horn array antenna |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3523889AJPH02214307A (en) | 1989-02-15 | 1989-02-15 | Horn array antenna |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02214307Atrue JPH02214307A (en) | 1990-08-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3523889APendingJPH02214307A (en) | 1989-02-15 | 1989-02-15 | Horn array antenna |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02214307A (en) |
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