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患者に対し処方済み薬剤を投与すなわち送出するのに用いられる注入ポンプ装置とシステムは、医療技術分野において比較的よく知られている。文献中では、処方済薬剤の投与とは、注入管および関連するカテーテルなどを通じて薬剤を静脈内注射する患者への投与方法として説明されている。これらの装置は、注入ライン閉塞の決定に関して多年にわたって改良が行われてきている。ラインが閉塞すると、シリンジ内の圧力が上昇する。先行技術の装置は、所定の閾値を確認するよう開発されており、また患者の安全を保障するために圧力をモニターして閉塞圧力の範囲を選択する手段を決定するよう開発されている。米国特許第5,295,967、4,731,058、および5,080,653号では、静脈内薬物投与に適した装置、さらに詳しくは、注入中の閉塞をモニターするのに適した(シリンジポンプなどを備えた)装置を開示している。しかしこれらの装置は、皮下注射針を通じて皮下に薬剤を送出する手段を提供していない。 Infusion pump devices and systems used to administer or deliver a prescription drug to a patient are relatively well known in the medical arts. In the literature, administration of a prescription drug is described as a method of administration to a patient who injects the drug intravenously, such as through an infusion tube and associated catheter. These devices have been improved over the years with respect to determining the infusion line blockage. When the line is blocked, the pressure in the syringe increases. Prior art devices have been developed to ascertain a predetermined threshold and have been developed to determine means for monitoring pressure and selecting a range of occlusion pressures to ensure patient safety. In US Pat. Nos. 5,295,967, 4,731,058, and 5,080,653, devices suitable for intravenous drug administration, and more particularly suitable for monitoring occlusion during infusion (syringe) An apparatus (including a pump or the like) is disclosed. However, these devices do not provide a means for delivering the drug subcutaneously through a hypodermic needle.
組織構造体内に薬剤を投与するために、中空針を組織内に正確に位置決めすることは、医学、歯学の両分野での長年の課題であった。中空針を特定の組織(即ち軟組織)や器官に正確に刺せなければ、目的の治療が果たせない場合もある。病変した組織型(新組織形成、腫瘍、嚢胞など)を検出することは、体内のこれら局所的病変を治療するのに、治療薬の注入と同様、これら組織の吸引という点できわめて重大なことである。したがって、これまでは解剖学上特異な場所の検出には、イオン照射、超音波、MRI、電気的刺激装置、その他、医師が組織内に注射針を刺す正確な位置決めの一助として採用される副次的技術を要する侵襲的診断装置などが用いられてきた。 Accurate positioning of the hollow needle within the tissue to administer the drug within the tissue structure has been a long-standing challenge in both the medical and dental fields. If the hollow needle cannot be accurately inserted into a specific tissue (that is, soft tissue) or organ, the target treatment may not be achieved. Detecting the affected tissue type (new tissue formation, tumors, cysts, etc.) is crucial in treating these local lesions in the body in terms of aspiration of these tissues, as well as injecting therapeutic agents It is. So far, anatomical peculiar places have been detected by ion irradiation, ultrasound, MRI, electrical stimulators, and other secondary aids used by doctors to accurately position needles in tissue. Invasive diagnostic devices that require the following techniques have been used.
疼痛、組織損傷、および術後合併障害は、既存の皮下薬物投与注射装置を使用した際の副作用として長い間黙認されてきた。このことは、歯科文献にも医学文献にも詳しく報告されている。疼痛と組織損傷は、組織間隙内に薬剤を投与中に発生する過剰な圧力に関して、流量調節制御されていないことの直接の結果である。患者の自覚的な疼痛反応は、薬物の投与中に、特定の流量で最小限となることが立証されている。また、特定の種類の組織に対し特定の(それ自体閉塞されず過剰な)圧力が加わると、損傷の原因となることが科学的に立証されている。 Pain, tissue damage, and postoperative complications have long been acknowledged as side effects when using existing subcutaneous drug delivery injection devices. This has been reported in detail in both the dental and medical literature. Pain and tissue damage are a direct result of the lack of controlled flow with respect to the excessive pressure generated during administration of the drug within the tissue gap. It has been demonstrated that a patient's subjective pain response is minimized at a particular flow rate during drug administration. Also, it has been scientifically proven that certain pressures on certain types of tissue can cause damage when applied (excessive, not occluded themselves).
しかしながら、本発明は、ある特定の出口圧力と関連する特定の流量範囲で流体(薬剤)を投与すれば、患者に感じられる疼痛は最小限に抑えられることを発見した。さらに、この処方による低い圧力および流体流量の範囲で薬が投与されると、組織の損傷も最小限に抑えられる。 However, the present invention has discovered that administering fluid (drug) at a specific flow range associated with a specific outlet pressure minimizes the pain felt to the patient. In addition, tissue damage is minimized when drugs are administered at a range of low pressures and fluid flow rates with this formulation.
またこの装置は、流体移動に伴う同様の副作用を避けるために、流量と圧力を調節した状態で吸引できることが必要である。スピネロの米国特許第5,180,371号には、参照資料として記載のように、皮下注射針を通って注入される薬物の流量を設定することのできる発明を提示している。しかしこの発明は、薬物投与中の圧力を測定し、検出し、またモニターする手段を開示していない。 Also, this device needs to be able to aspirate with the flow rate and pressure adjusted to avoid similar side effects associated with fluid movement. Spinero U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,371 presents an invention in which the flow rate of a drug injected through a hypodermic needle can be set, as described in reference material. However, this invention does not disclose a means for measuring, detecting and monitoring the pressure during drug administration.
スピネロの米国特許6,113,574には、PDL注射中、注射針からの液体が正しい位置に注射されているか、あるいは患者の口やその他の場所に漏れていないかを圧力感知スイッチを用いて測定する注射装置が開示されている。しかしこの特許は、注射されている組織を同定するという問題に触れていない。 Spinero, US Pat. No. 6,113,574, uses a pressure sensitive switch to determine whether liquid from a needle is being injected into the correct position or leaking into a patient's mouth or other location during PDL injection. An injection device for measuring is disclosed. However, this patent does not address the problem of identifying the tissue being injected.
1980年代の初めに、数人の研究者(たとえばルードの「下歯槽注射により生じる圧力」(British Dental J.144:280−282、1978)、ウォルトンとアボットの「歯根膜靱帯注射;臨床的評価」(JADA,1981年10月)、スミスとウォルトンの「歯根膜靱帯注射;注射溶液の分布」(Oral Surg 55:232−238、1983))によると、注射流体による圧力は、組織損傷と疼痛反応を防ぐのに重要であることが明確に立証され、また結論付けられている。変動性、異なる種類のコラ−ゲン、および結合組織密度によって、組織のコンプライアンスと膨張性も異なってくる。これらのばらつきは、被験者間でまた各被験者内で認められる。ルードは1978年に、その論文で次のように述べている。「注射と圧力上昇の関係は、少量の場合は明らかに認められるが、2.0ml注入したときには失われた。高い圧力もいくつか記録されたが、予想以上に低いものもあった。多くの記録計の記録によると、組織崩壊を示すパタ−ンが認められた。注射量と組織間隙の推定容積が同じであったので、上記のように圧力が低かったのは翼突下顎骨の間隙内にもはや流体が含まれていなかったためとも考えられる」。したがって、流量は間質注射中の圧力とは直接関連していないと考えられる。 In the early 1980's several investigators (eg Ludo's “pressure generated by inferior alveolar injection” (British Dental J. 144: 280-282, 1978), Walton and Abbott's “periodontal ligament injection; clinical evaluation (JADA, October 1981), Smith and Walton, “Periodontal Ligament Injection; Distribution of Injection Solution” (Oral Surg 55: 232-238, 1983)) It is clearly established and concluded that it is important to prevent reactions. Variability, different types of collagen, and connective tissue density also lead to differences in tissue compliance and swellability. These variations are observed between subjects and within each subject. Ludo stated in his paper in 1978: “The relationship between injection and pressure increase was clearly seen in small doses but was lost when injecting 2.0 ml. Some high pressures were recorded, but some were lower than expected. According to the records of the recorder, a pattern indicating tissue collapse was observed.As the injection volume and the estimated volume of the tissue gap were the same, the pressure was low as described above. It is also thought that the fluid was no longer contained in the inside. " Therefore, the flow rate may not be directly related to the pressure during interstitial injection.
スミスとウォルトンは、上記の論文の中で、手動による圧力を較正するための技術を用いて実施した組織学的動物実験(イヌ)について報告し、次のような結論を導いている。「注射した量と針の位置は、溶液分布と常に関連しているわけではなかった。中程度から強度の逆圧状態で注射すると、染料はより深くまたより広範囲に貫入した」。この論文でも、圧力が組織内での溶液分布の重要な変数であり、体積は発生する圧力と必ずしも関連していないことを確証している。 Smith and Walton reported on a histological animal experiment (dog) conducted in the above paper using a technique to calibrate manual pressure, leading to the following conclusions: “The amount injected and the position of the needle were not always related to the solution distribution. The dye penetrated deeper and more extensively when injected at moderate to high back pressure.” This paper also confirms that pressure is an important variable of solution distribution within the tissue and that volume is not necessarily related to the pressure generated.
パシュレー、ネルソンおよびパシュレーは、「歯科注射により生じる圧力」(J Dent Res 1981)で圧力トランスデューサとモータ駆動式の従来型シリンジによる固定流量を用いて、組織ごとに組織コンプライアンスが異なることを立証した。間質圧の変動性は、固定流量の場合でも統計的にまた臨床的に有意であった。したがって、彼らは測定した流量を用いて大きいばらつきのある圧力を発生させたと結論付けることができる。 Pashley, Nelson, and Pashley have demonstrated that tissue compliance varies from tissue to tissue using a fixed flow rate with a pressure transducer and a motor-driven conventional syringe in "Pressure Generated by Dental Injection" (J Dent Res 1981). Interstitial pressure variability was statistically and clinically significant even at fixed flow rates. Therefore, they can conclude that they used the measured flow rate to generate a highly variable pressure.
ペルトとデジューはその論文「イヌの歯根膜靱帯注射中に生じる力の影響」Oral Surg.Oral Med,Oral Pathol.1992)で小型の力のトランスデューサに接続したシリンジをどのようにして用いたか、また多くの破骨細胞とシリンジプランジャに加えた力との間の正の相関をどのように見出したかを報告している。これはPDL(歯根膜結紮)間隙内で発生した圧力が破骨細胞活性を促進させることを示している。この実験でも、圧力は組織損傷の重要な要因であって抵抗に左右されるが、組織内での溶液の流量とは無関係であることを示している。 Pelto and Dedeux in their paper “Effects of Forces Generated During Dog Periodontal Ligament Injection” Oral Surg. Oral Med, Oral Pathol. 1992) reported how a syringe connected to a small force transducer was used, and how a positive correlation between many osteoclasts and the force applied to the syringe plunger was found. Yes. This indicates that the pressure generated in the PDL (periodontal ligation) gap promotes osteoclast activity. This experiment also shows that pressure is an important factor in tissue damage and depends on resistance, but is independent of the solution flow rate in the tissue.
シリンジ内の圧力を測定するために圧力トランスデューサを用いる先行技術は既に知られている(たとえば米国特許第5,295,967を参照)。これらの装置の主要な欠点は、装置全体の抵抗や出口圧力に対する抵抗の変化の影響を解消するために流体の流量および/または圧力を調節できないことである(出口圧力とは、患者の体内に配置された針の先端のすぐ下流での流体圧力である)。さらに先行技術では、この出口圧力を測定する手段を全く提供していない。 Prior art using pressure transducers to measure pressure in a syringe is already known (see, eg, US Pat. No. 5,295,967). A major drawback of these devices is that the flow rate and / or pressure of the fluid cannot be adjusted to eliminate the effects of changes in resistance on the overall device resistance and outlet pressure. Fluid pressure just downstream of the tip of the deployed needle). Furthermore, the prior art does not provide any means for measuring this outlet pressure.
本出願の親出願および参考資料として記載のように、米国特許第6,200,218号は、カートリッジホルダー上のカートリッジから治療液を送出する駆動機構、送出管、注射針付ハンドルを有する自動注射装置を開示している。駆動機構はモータと、モータによって駆動機構に加えられる力を測定するモータ出力部のセンサにつながっている。この力は次に、注射中に生じる力、すなわち内部圧力などの内部特性を決定するのに用いられる。さらにこの特性は、駆動機構に関連指示を出すマイクロプロセッサ、すなわち制御装置による制御パラメータとして用いられる。特に有利な実施態様では、この特性は装置により流体が伸長送出管を通って射出される出口圧力の計算に用いられる。電気モータは患者が疼痛で苦しんだり組織が損傷されたりしないように、出口圧力を規定値に保持するよう運転される。 As described in the parent application and reference of this application, US Pat. No. 6,200,218 describes an automatic injection having a drive mechanism for delivering therapeutic fluid from a cartridge on a cartridge holder, a delivery tube, and a handle with a needle. An apparatus is disclosed. The drive mechanism is connected to a motor and a sensor of a motor output unit that measures a force applied to the drive mechanism by the motor. This force is then used to determine the force that occurs during the injection, i.e. internal properties such as internal pressure. Further, this characteristic is used as a control parameter by a microprocessor, that is, a control device, which issues a related instruction to the drive mechanism. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, this characteristic is used to calculate the outlet pressure at which fluid is ejected by the device through the extension delivery tube. The electric motor is operated to maintain the outlet pressure at a specified value so that the patient does not suffer from pain or damage to the tissue.
本発明は、医師が診断および治療装置として同時に利用できる、方法と装置を提供する。本装置は、組織の生来の組織密度あるいは該組織中の流体抵抗を利用して、特定組織中に注射針を刺す際の正確な位置決めをしている。それぞれの組織には、組織の型がわかる測定可能な圧力としての固有の圧力密度特性がある。組織の密度あるいは抵抗値は、注入中の圧力抵抗を検知できるコンピュータ制御薬剤投与装置からの注入流体の圧力/力を用いて測定される。圧力抵抗測定値は、連続的な画面信号および音声信号に変換される。測定値はさらに医師に提示され、医師は注射が正しい組織になされているかを判定または確認できる。また、測定値は後日の臨床イベントの再検討や証拠書類としても記録される。過剰圧力および/または過剰流量がこのプロセス中で生じないように、流量の制御とともに圧力の上限もあらかじめ定めることができる。 The present invention provides a method and apparatus that can be used simultaneously by a physician as a diagnostic and therapeutic device. This device uses the natural tissue density of the tissue or the fluid resistance in the tissue to accurately position the needle when the needle is inserted into a specific tissue. Each tissue has an inherent pressure density characteristic as a measurable pressure that identifies the type of tissue. Tissue density or resistance is measured using the pressure / force of the infusion fluid from a computer controlled drug delivery device that can sense the pressure resistance during the infusion. Pressure resistance measurements are converted to continuous screen and audio signals. The measured value is further presented to the physician, who can determine or confirm that the injection has been made to the correct tissue. The measurements are also recorded as a review of clinical events at a later date and as evidence. An upper pressure limit can be predetermined along with the flow control so that no overpressure and / or no overflow occurs during the process.
本出願ではまた、自動注射装置内の力や圧力を決定する代替手段を提供している。ある実施態様では、モータに使われる電気エネルギーすなわち電力は、力を示すパラメータとして使用されている。別の実施態様では、流体投与装置の各種要素の寸法の変化がパラメータとして使用されている。この寸法の変化はさらに内部の力/圧力を示す信号に変換される。たとえば、内部の力や圧力の増加に呼応して寸法の変化を示す要素には、カートリッジあるいは貯槽ホルダー(翼部を含む)、カートリッジからハンドピースに薬剤を移送する送出管、注射針接続部および/またはその要素などがある。この寸法の変化を判断するセンサは、たとえば、光学センサである。
The application also provides an alternative means of determining the force and pressure within the automatic injection device. In one embodiment, the electrical energy or power used by the motor is used as a parameter indicating force. In another embodiment, changes in the dimensions of the various elements of the fluid delivery device are used as parameters. This dimensional change is further converted into a signal indicative of the internal force / pressure. For example, elements that show a change in size in response to an increase in internal force or pressure include a cartridge or reservoir holder (including wings), a delivery tube for transferring medication from the cartridge to the handpiece, a needle connection, and And / or its elements. The sensor that determines the change in dimension is, for example, an optical sensor.
第三の方法は、モータハウジングおよび/または駆動部の支持部材にかかる圧力または歪みを決定することである。この測定には、標準の電子歪みゲージが使われる。 A third method is to determine the pressure or strain on the motor housing and / or the drive support member. A standard electronic strain gauge is used for this measurement.
簡単に説明すると、患者の体内に液体を投与する本発明によるシステムは、機械組立品と電子制御部とを含んでいる。機械組立品は、駆動機構と、シリンジや薬品筒などの流体貯蔵装置からなる使捨て部分と、前記流体貯蔵装置に接続された送出管を含み、対象組織に挿入するよう構成された針を端部に備えた流体送出部とで構成されている。駆動機構は、内部にモータを備えたハウジングと、ハウジング上に流体貯蔵装置を取付けるための取付け部とを含んでいる。流体貯蔵装置は、往復運動するプランジャを含んでいる。カップリングは、前記モータでプランジャを動かすのに用いられる。薬品筒を流体貯蔵装置に用いるときには、同じ取付け部で薬品筒を固定するアダプタも提供されている。この取付け部は、さまざまな大きさのシリンジや薬品筒を固定できるよう構成され製作される。 Briefly described, a system according to the present invention for dispensing a liquid into a patient's body includes a mechanical assembly and an electronic control. The mechanical assembly includes a drive mechanism, a disposable part composed of a fluid storage device such as a syringe or a drug cylinder, and a delivery tube connected to the fluid storage device, and ends a needle configured to be inserted into a target tissue. And a fluid delivery part provided in the part. The drive mechanism includes a housing having a motor therein and a mounting portion for mounting the fluid storage device on the housing. The fluid storage device includes a reciprocating plunger. Coupling is used to move the plunger with the motor. When a chemical cylinder is used for a fluid storage device, an adapter for fixing the chemical cylinder at the same mounting portion is also provided. The mounting portion is constructed and manufactured so that various sizes of syringes and chemical cylinders can be fixed.
モータが発生させ流体貯蔵装置内のプランジャによって加えられる力または圧力を感知するのにトランスデューサが用いられることである。本発明の一側面に、トランスデューサが薬品筒アダプタと装置の残りのハウジング部の間の力を測定するということがある。また本発明のもう一つの側面は、トランスデューサが装置の要素の寸法変化を感知する寸法感知装置を持っていることである。前記変化は装置内の薬剤にかかる力または圧力、および出口圧力を示している。たとえば、送出管の寸法の変化は、この力または圧力の徴候として使用される。別の実施態様では、送出管の圧力は外部から測定され出口圧力を決定する手段として使用される。 A transducer is used to sense the force or pressure generated by the motor and applied by the plunger in the fluid reservoir. One aspect of the present invention is that the transducer measures the force between the drug tube adapter and the remaining housing portion of the device. Another aspect of the present invention is that the transducer has a dimension sensing device that senses dimensional changes in the elements of the device. The change is indicative of the force or pressure on the drug in the device and the outlet pressure. For example, changes in the dimensions of the delivery tube are used as an indication of this force or pressure. In another embodiment, the delivery tube pressure is measured externally and used as a means to determine the outlet pressure.
モータと、モータと接続されているカップリングと、下記に述べる電子制御部が、保護のために少なくとも部分的にハウジング内に配置される。
さまざまな作動パラメータを計算し、検索し、また臨床医から受け取っている間に、流体貯蔵装置が充填されセットアッププロセスが開始される。また臨床医は、流体流量とピーク出口圧力と、送出する流体の総量を指定する。次に臨床医はペダルなど空気圧で動く制御装置を使って流体を送出し始める。あるいは臨床医は、電子的に、または音声出力によって指示を開始することもできる。送出中、トランスデューサからの出力は、現在の出口流体圧力を計算するのに用いられる。出口圧力が一定の閾値に近づくと、流体流量は出口圧力が過剰にならないよう自動的に低下し、これによって患者が過度の疼痛を感じず、また組織が損傷しないようにする。吸引、パージ、または空気を利用した充填や、空気を利用しない充填など、いくつかの選択的特徴も提供される。A motor, a coupling connected to the motor, and an electronic control described below are at least partially disposed within the housing for protection.
While the various operating parameters are calculated, retrieved, and received from the clinician, the fluid reservoir is filled and the setup process is initiated. The clinician also specifies the fluid flow rate, peak outlet pressure, and total amount of fluid to be delivered. The clinician then begins to deliver fluid using a pneumatically controlled device such as a pedal. Alternatively, the clinician can initiate instructions electronically or by voice output. During delivery, the output from the transducer is used to calculate the current outlet fluid pressure. As the outlet pressure approaches a certain threshold, the fluid flow rate automatically decreases so that the outlet pressure does not become excessive, thereby preventing the patient from feeling excessive pain and damaging the tissue. Several optional features are also provided, such as suction, purge, or filling with air, or filling without air.
あるいは、この装置は生検モードで操作することもでき、この場合、入口圧力と流出または吸引した流体流量が関連制御パラメータとなる。
このプロセス中、臨床医は実行中のプロセスについて、現在の流量、射出または吸引した総体積、出口または入口圧力、およびその他のパラメータを含めた現在の情報を表示または音声で常に得ることができる。スレーブマイクロプロセッサは、マスターマイクロプロセッサから指示を受取り、モータを作動させるのに必要な駆動信号を生成する。Alternatively, the device can be operated in a biopsy mode, where inlet pressure and outflow or aspirated fluid flow are the relevant control parameters.
During this process, the clinician can always get or present current information about the running process, including current flow rate, total volume injected or aspirated, outlet or inlet pressure, and other parameters. The slave microprocessor receives instructions from the master microprocessor and generates the drive signals necessary to operate the motor.
本発明は麻酔剤などの薬剤を、圧力下で患者の組織に送出する装置に関するものである。重要なこととして、種々の要因により、注射された流体は組織の中を不均一な流量で分散し、その結果、流体の出口圧力が変化する事である。本発明は、この出口圧力(あるいは出口圧力に相関している内部圧力)が、いくつかの組織の型を示しており、型を同定するのに使用できるということを発見した。 The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivering a drug such as an anesthetic to a patient's tissue under pressure. Importantly, due to various factors, the injected fluid is dispersed in the tissue at a non-uniform flow rate, resulting in a change in the fluid outlet pressure. The present invention has discovered that this outlet pressure (or internal pressure correlated to outlet pressure) represents several tissue types and can be used to identify the type.
この機械組立品を図1および2に示し、また電子制御部150を図3に示す。
本発明に従って製作された薬剤投与装置10は、駆動手段12と、送出管14と、端部に針17を備えたハンドル16とを含んでいる。さらに詳しくは、シリンジ90(またはその他の流体貯蔵装置)が駆動手段上に取付けられ、送出管14の一方の端部がシリンジ90に接続されている。駆動手段12はプランジャ94を作動させ、送出管14と、ハンドル16と、針17とを通って選択的に流体を射出するか吸引する。駆動機構12は、下記に詳しく説明するさまざまな作動パラメータを選択するための外部制御装置とつながっている。この外部制御装置は、駆動機構のハウジングに備えることもでき、またケーブル20によって駆動機構12に接続された別個の制御手段18として備えることもできる。制御手段18は、たとえばPCやラップトップ型コンピュータでもよい。あるいは、制御手段18は内部装置として備えることもできる。This mechanical assembly is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the
A
駆動機構12の詳細を図2に示す。駆動機構12は上面24と、上面24の下に配置された中間面26とを備えたハウジング22を含んでいる。中間面26には、ハウジング22の長軸方向に沿って伸びるレール28が配置されている。レール28の上には架台30が配置されており、前記長軸と平行に往復運動することができる。詳細については以下に説明する。 Details of the
上面24には、クランプ40が配置されている。クランプ40は、一般にC字型である。頭部48を備えたねじはクランプのボディーに形成したねじ穴(図示せず)を通って延びているプラットホーム30にはスロット56を備えている。 A
ハウジング22の内部にはモータ66が備えられている(図3)。ウォームねじ72がモータ66を貫通している。ウォームねじ72は、モータ66が作動するとハウジング22の長軸と平行にモータの回転方向に応じて一方向または別の方向に動くよう配置されている。ウォームねじ72の一端は、架台76に接続されたパッド74に回転しないように取付けられている。2本の短いロッド80は、モータ66が発生する回転力が架台76に伝達されないように、パッド74を架台76に接続するのに用いられている。 A
2本の柱材すなわちロッド82と84は架台30と76の間を伸び、これら二つの部材を一緒に固定している。このロッド82と84は、ハウジング22の2組のブッシング(軸受筒)68と70に支持され、この中を摺動するようになっている。このブッシングを除いて、架台76と30はハウジング22のそれぞれ内側と外側に配置されている。ロッド82と84は、上面24と中間面26の間にある壁86の孔(図示せず)を通っている。レール28は中空となっており、ウォームねじ72がハウジング22内をその長軸方向に沿って移動できるようにウォームねじと一直線に並んでいる。 Two pillars or
典型的には、シリンジ90は表面24に円筒部92を有している。円筒部92は、表面24に形成されたスロット24に差し込まれる把持タブを有している。把持タブおよびスロットは明瞭とするために図面からは省略されている。シリンジ90はまた、シャフト93によって円筒92内に往復運動するプランジャ94を有している。シャフトは、架台30のスロット56に差し込まれた把持パッド96で終端となっている。シリンジ90は、クランプ40とねじ48によってハウジング22に固定される。シリンジはその端部に、シリンジを送出管14に接続するためのルアロック(Luer lock)95を備えている。 The
モータ66が作動すると、ウォームねじ72は一方向または他の方向に移動する。次にウォームねじは、架台30および76と、ロッド82および84とを一斉に移動させ、これによってプランジャ94を移動させる。ハウジングから出てハウジングに入る唯一の構成部品は、ロッド82および84である。したがって、この装置の重要な構成部品のほとんどは、余分な手が加えられたり漏出した流体に触れないようにハウジング内で保護されている。さらに駆動機構12は、さまざまな直径と長さのシリンジを乗せて作動するようになっている。同様に、送出管14と、ハンドル16と、針17についても、所望のどのような大きさにもすることができる。 When the
シリンジ、モータ駆動部、ウォームねじ、架台30との結合部について、さらに詳しくは米国特許第6,200,289号に述べられている。さらに、この特許には架台76とパッド74との間にあって、パッド74と架台76との間の力を伝え、測定するように配置されたひずみゲージ式荷重変換器78についての記述もある。このひずみゲージ式荷重変換器78は双方向性なので、図3に規定するように、ウォームねじ72が左に移動するか右に移動するかによって、圧力と歪みの両方を測定することができる。本発明では、このひずみゲージ式荷重変換器78に置き換わる他の手段が開示されている。 More details about the syringe, motor drive, worm screw, and connection with the
ある実施態様では、装置には一対の圧力センサ78Aが、把持パッド96とスロット56の壁との間に配置されている。これらの圧力センサ78Aは、架台30と把持パッド96の間に加わる力を測定するために配置されている。 In one embodiment, the device has a pair of
別の実施態様では、圧力センサ78Bがブッシング68とハウジング22の側壁との間に装備されている。この方法では、センサ78Bはモータによりシリンジプランジャ94に加えられる力から生じる力(あるいは歪み)を測定できる。代わりに同じようなひずみゲージ式荷重変換器78をシリンジタブとハウジング22との間に配置してもよい。センサはひずみゲージ式荷重変換器でよく、たとえばコネチカット州メリディンのSMD社製のS400型ひずみゲージ式荷重変換器78があげられる。 In another embodiment, a
さらに別の実施態様では、図1にあるように、送出管14が寸法ゲージ54の穴を通っている。送出管14は加圧されると脹らみ、送出管の寸法からプランジャによって圧力がかかったことがわかる。寸法ゲージ54は送出管14の寸法(たとえば、断面寸法、すなわち直径)をモニターし、このパラメータを制御手段18に与える。たとえば、寸法ゲージ54には、1個またはそれ以上の発光ダイオードと一連の光センサアレイを、送出管を介在させて配置することができる。送出管の寸法は送出管によって閉塞される光センサの数および/または位置により決定される。 In yet another embodiment, the
図8はゲージ54の代わりに用いられる別のゲージ54Aの断面図である。このゲージには、スロットSのついた基部Bがあり、このスロットSが送出管Tを保持している。蝶番で繋がっているカバーCが送出管Tを所定位置に保持している。既製品の力センサFSは穴Hを通って挿入され、送出管Tにもたせかけている。送出管が圧力変化により脹らんだりしぼんだりすると、力センサに力が加わる。実験データによれば、このゲージ54Aはかなり直線的な出力を持っており、圧力変動を校正しやすいということがわかる。 FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another
図9はゲージ54の代わりに使用できる別のゲージ54Bを示したものである。このゲージは図8に示されたものと似通っているが、カバーCに溝が作られており、送出管は力センサの上にある浮動架台Pに乗っている。送出管内の圧力によって生じた力は、浮動架台Pによって力センサFSに伝達される。このゲージの応答も直線的で校正しやすい。 FIG. 9 shows another
図3Aは、電子制御手段150の構成図である。電子制御手段150は、2個のマイクロプロセッサ、すなわちマスターマイクロプロセッサ152と、スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154とを含んでいる。スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154は、モータ66を実際に駆動する信号を生成し、また架台30および76の位置に関する情報を収集するのに用いられる。
マスターマイクロプロセッサ152は、シリンジ90と、その内容物と、送出管14と、ハンドル16などを含めた装置の残りの部分に関する情報を収集するために用いられ、またシリンジ90の内容物を送出するための、モータ66の作動に必要なスレーブマイクロプロセッサ154の制御信号を生成するのに用いられる。
物理的には、スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154とその関連回路はハウジング22内に配置されている。マスターマイクロプロセッサ152は、図1に示すようにケーブル20を通じてハウジング22に接続された制御手段18に組入れられている。図1に示すように、マイクロプロセッサ152は、メモリ160と、入力装置162と、表示手段164と、インターフェース166と連結されている。FIG. 3A is a configuration diagram of the
The
Physically,
メモリ160は、マスターマイクロプロセッサ152のためのプログラムとデータを記憶するのに用いられる。さらに詳しくは、メモリ160は6個またはそれ以上のデータバンクを記憶するのに用いられ、前記データバンクは(a)シリンジ、(b)送出管、(c)針、(d)流体、(e)調速パラメータ、(f)実行すべき特定の手順のための複数のパラメータからなるプロファイルにそれぞれ割当てられている。各パラメータは、スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154の制御信号を決定するのに用いられる。各データバンクは、市販されているさまざまな製品についての適切なパラメータや特定のアルゴリズムを用いて得たパラメータデータを含んでいる。特定の構成についてのさまざまな構成部品に関する情報を入力装置162を通じて入力し、表示手段164で確認する。これらの入力装置には、キーボード、タッチ式スクリーン、マウス、およびマイクロフォンを含めてもよい。マイクロフォンを含める場合には、音声指示が音声認識回路162Aで解釈される。
さらに表示手段164は、装置10の作動に関する表示および指示を示すのに用いられる。モータ66の作動のための指示は、マスターマイクロプロセッサ152によって生成され、インターフェース166に伝送される。マイクロプロセッサ152は、さらにスピーカー165を備えている。これは、臨床医に指示を出すために、また臨床医が表示画面を全く見なくても装置全体とその構成部品の現在の状態に関するその他の情報を知らせるために、事前に録音するか合成した言葉や音声合成回路165Aが生成したチャイムなどを含めて音声によるさまざまなメッセージを提供するのに用いられる。 Further, the display means 164 is used to indicate displays and instructions relating to the operation of the
スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154は、ケーブル20やその他の接続手段とインターフェース170を経由してこれらの指示を受取る。
また、スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154は、1個またはそれ以上の位置センサー172とチョッパー駆動回路174と連結されている。すでに述べたように、システム内で発生する力と圧力はセンサ78A,78B,54,54A,54Bによって測定される。The
The
また、スレーブマイクロプロセッサ154は、足踏みスイッチ、すなわちペダル176と連結されている。できればペダル176は可撓性側壁を備えた空気室で構成されていることが好ましく、前記側壁は操作者がペダルを操作すると前記空気室内の空気の体積と圧力を変化させるようになっている。圧力センサー(図示せず)はフットペダルの一部であり、前記圧力についての情報をA/Dコンバータ190を経てスレーブマイクロプロセッサ154に送るようになっている。この種のフットペダルは先行技術では周知であり、したがってその詳細は省いてある。 The
装置10の運転シーケンスは米国特許第6,200,289号に述べられているものと似通っており、ここでは繰り返さない。さらに前記特許に開示されているアルゴリズムもまた本センサ78A、78B、または54から得たパラメータを対応する出口圧力に変換する場合にも適用できる。 The operating sequence of the
別の実施態様では、モータ66の駆動に必要な電力がモニターされる。たとえば、電子制御手段150は、ここに印加される電圧と電流を測定することにより電力をモニターする電力計Pを装備することができる。この電力は勿論モータにより加えられた力を示しており、センサ78A、78B、または54の出力として前記手法と同様に使用される。 In another embodiment, the power required to drive the
本装置は今まで注射プロセスとして述べられてきた。しかし、当業者には本装置が生検、たとえば脊髄穿刺やその他類似の嫌気的処理を行う際にも、同様に効果的に使用できることは明白である。重要なことには、このプロセスに対しても僅かな修正を施せば同一のパラメータが使用できることである。たとえば、ここでは臨床医は出口圧力の代わりに、入口圧力を規定する。 This device has so far been described as an injection process. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the device can be used equally effectively when performing a biopsy, such as spinal puncture and other similar anaerobic procedures. Importantly, the same parameters can be used with minor modifications to this process. For example, here the clinician defines the inlet pressure instead of the outlet pressure.
これまで検討してきた実施態様では、流体はシリンジ90から送出されると想定されている。したがって、このシリンジ90には、前記流体があらかじめ製造者により充填されているか、あるいは、臨床医や助手により手術開始前に現場で充填されていなければならない。しかし、多くの場合、送出される流体はカートリッジで供給されるのが一層望ましい。 In the embodiments discussed so far, it is assumed that the fluid is delivered from the
共有の米国特許第6,152,734号では、モータ駆動シャフト付きハウジングを有している注射装置について述べられている。ハウジングの上端に、カートリッジホルダーを収容する取り付け部が備わっている。カートリッジホルダーは、麻酔薬入りカートリッジを収容する。ホルダーの上壁は送出管の近接端に繋がっている。送出管の遠方端は、そこから麻酔薬を投与するのに使用される。本発明にしたがって、ハウジング上端にはセンサモジュールが加えられている。はじめに、図4、5、6を参照すると、ハウジング300には上面302と前面304がある。前面304には、複数個の指示ライトと1個またはそれ以上の制御ボタン308が配置されている。本発明にしたがって、センサモジュール310が上面302に取り付けられている。このモジュール310にはそれ自身の上面312と前面314がある。前面314には1個の液晶表示装置316がある。 Common US Pat. No. 6,152,734 describes an injection device having a housing with a motor driven shaft. A mounting portion for receiving the cartridge holder is provided at the upper end of the housing. The cartridge holder accommodates a cartridge containing an anesthetic. The upper wall of the holder is connected to the proximal end of the delivery tube. The distal end of the delivery tube is used to administer the anesthetic from there. In accordance with the present invention, a sensor module is added to the upper end of the housing. First, referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the
上面312には、米国特許第6,152,734号に記述され示されているハウジング300上端にある対応構成要素と同じ形状と寸法を持つソケット318とくぼみ320がある。次に図7を参照。モジュール310には送出管324の近接端に繋がっているカートリッジ322がある。送出管の遠方端はシリンジ、カテーテル、あるいはその他の類似の注射手段(図示せず)に繋がっている。 On the
この注射手段は、使用しない時は、くぼみ320に保管される。カートリッジホルダー322の底部326は、ソケット318にすばやく容易に挿入でき、且つ締りばめとなるような形状をしている。米国特許第6,152,734号に記述されているように、カートリッジホルダー322を容易にソケットから着脱できるように、望ましくは底部328とソケット318の間にクイック接続継ぎ手を装備する。カートリッジホルダー322は麻酔剤やその他の医薬品の入ったカートリッジ(図示せず)を保持する。 This injection means is stored in the
重要なことは、本発明にしたがって、カートリッジホルダーの底部326とソケット318の壁面との間に1個またはそれ以上のセンサ328が配置されていることである。これらのセンサは、送出管324を通って押し出される液体にかかる力をモニターするのに使用される圧力センサあるいはその他の類似のセンサでよい。 Importantly, in accordance with the present invention, one or
上記で述べたように、ハウジング300中にはプランジャ332が配置されている。モジュール312は選択的にプランジャセンサ330を保有し、プランジャ332に近接して、あるいは、接触した状態で配置される。プランジャが上方に移動すると、先端がカートリッジホルダー322内のカートリッジに入り込み、内容物を送出管324から射出させる。プランジャ332が下方に移動すると、吸引が起こる。プランジャセンサ330は、プランジャ332の移動方向と、選択的に移動の速度を測定する。 As described above, the
このプランジャ332はモータ334により垂直方向に往復運動をする。モータ334は、制御装置336により制御される。センサ328と330はインタフェース338に繋がっている。このインタフェースは、センサ348、330からの情報を制御装置336に伝達する。制御装置は次にモータを稼動させ、図1−4のプランジャ94と同じ方法で、同じアルゴリズムを使ってプランジャ332を運転させる。この運転に関する情報およびその他のすべての情報は液晶表示装置316に表示される。 This
この配置では、このプランジャのパージや自動収縮のような装置の基本操作を検知するためにセンサを用いてもよい。カートリッジホルダーが駆動装置のソケット内に挿入されると、圧力センサがその位置を検知し、さらに自動的に送出管から空気をパージし、装置をすぐに使用できるようにする。カートリッジホルダーが装置から離れると、圧力センサが移動を検知し、プランジャを定位置に自動撤退させる。したがって、圧力センサは駆動装置の基本操作とともに出口圧力を検知するという多目的な役割を果たしている。 In this arrangement, a sensor may be used to detect basic operation of the device, such as purging or automatic contraction of the plunger. When the cartridge holder is inserted into the drive socket, the pressure sensor senses its position and automatically purges the air from the delivery tube, making the device ready for use. When the cartridge holder moves away from the apparatus, the pressure sensor detects the movement and automatically retracts the plunger to a fixed position. Therefore, the pressure sensor plays a multi-purpose role of detecting the outlet pressure together with the basic operation of the driving device.
重要なこととしては、圧力は装置によって流体が注射される組織を決定する基準としても使われる。かっての筆者等は、歯科注射中の間質圧力に関する臨床的影響を調査した。本件の発明者は、ここに述べる装置を使用すれば皮下間質圧力が正確に測定でき、即時に記録できるということを実証する調査を実施した。また、本装置で得られた一定範囲の圧力から、即時に特定の組織型が同定され、関連付けられることも確認された。発生した間質圧力は、特定の解剖学的位置に対する組織密度型との相関関係を示した。 Importantly, pressure is also used as a reference to determine the tissue into which fluid is injected by the device. The former authors investigated the clinical impact of interstitial pressure during dental injection. The inventor of the present case has conducted a study demonstrating that using the device described herein, the interstitial pressure can be accurately measured and recorded immediately. It was also confirmed that a specific tissue type was immediately identified and associated from a certain range of pressures obtained with this device. The generated interstitial pressure showed a correlation with the tissue density type for a particular anatomical location.
歯根膜靭帯や歯肉硬口蓋にあるようなある種の口腔組織に見られる高度に組織化され高密度に束ねられたコラーゲン繊維は、注射流体の拡散能力を低減させた。すなわち流体は小領域にとじこめられている。このより緻密な組織が薬剤の急速再拡散能力を低減させると、結果として注射中に内部圧力が高まる。反対に、頬粘膜ひだや側頭下窩に見られるような間隙流体や脂肪組織の介在したコラーゲン基質の結合支質を持った緩やかに組織化された組織は、薬剤がより大きな組織領域を通って拡散される結果として、間質圧力はより Highly organized and densely bundled collagen fibers found in certain oral tissues, such as those in the periodontal ligament and gingival hard palate, have reduced the ability to diffuse the injected fluid. That is, the fluid is trapped in a small area. This more dense tissue reduces the drug's rapid re-diffusion ability, resulting in increased internal pressure during injection. Conversely, loosely organized tissues with interstitial fluid and adipose tissue-mediated collagen matrix binding stroma, such as those found in buccal mucosal folds and temporal inferior fossa, can cause drugs to pass through larger tissue areas. As a result, the interstitial pressure is more
この観察結果より、組織密度型と注射プロセスとの間には、ある相関関係が存在するとの推測がなされた。さらに詳しく説明すると、試験は次のような注射型により実施された。 From this observation, it was speculated that there was a correlation between the tissue density type and the injection process. More specifically, the test was carried out by the following injection type.
第1群 靭帯内注射(PDL)(別名歯根膜靭帯注射)、2群 前中央上部歯槽口蓋注射s(PI)、3群 骨膜上頬側浸潤(SBI)、4群 下歯槽神経ブロック(IANB)。図10はこれらの注射中に得られた圧力を示し、組織の同定手段として圧力(望ましくは出口圧力)を使用する概念を例証したものである。 1st group intra-ligament injection (PDL) (also known as periodontal ligament injection), 2 groups front mid upper alveolar palate injection s (PI), 3 groups periosteal buccal invasion (SBI), 4 groups lower alveolar nerve block (IANB) . FIG. 10 shows the pressure obtained during these injections and illustrates the concept of using pressure (preferably outlet pressure) as a means of tissue identification.
一般に、組織は次の型に分類できる。
1型 低密度組織 脂肪組織、細胞間流体、少量のコラーゲン繊維組織をもつ緩やかに組織化された結合組織基質からなる。この組織型の例としては、上顎頬側粘膜や側頭下窩の皮下結合組織がある。これらの組織型への注射例としては、頬側浸潤と下歯槽神経ブロックがある。In general, organizations can be classified into the following types:
2型 中密度組織 高密度に填塞されたコラーゲン繊維束と少量の腺組織および/または脂肪組織の組み合わせからなる。これらの組織には比較的少量の細胞間流体が見られる。
中密度組織も口腔の筋肉組織に代表される。これらの組織型には中程度のコラーゲン組織が見られる。この組織型は、付着口蓋歯肉、付着歯肉組織あるいは口腔の筋肉組織に代表される。これらの組織型への注射例としては、口蓋注射すなわち付着歯肉への注射がある。
Medium density tissue is also represented by oral muscle tissue. In these tissue types, moderate collagenous tissue is seen. This tissue type is represented by attached palatal gingiva, attached gingival tissue, or oral muscle tissue. Examples of injections into these tissue types include palatal injections, ie injections into attached gingiva.
3型 高密度組織 大部分が緻密に高度に組織化されたコラーゲン繊維基質で形成されている。これらの組織型の例としては、歯肉膜靭帯と筋肉付着。この組織型への注射例は歯根膜結紮注射である。
さらに、これらの技術の適用分野は、鉱化組織,非鉱化組織の両方、および次のような流体の同定にも拡大されうる。
非鉱化組織:
軟組織、結合組織、真皮(皮膚)
靭帯
脂肪組織
筋肉
腱
脳組織
管
鉱化組織:
皮質骨
髄様骨
軟骨
歯
新生物:
硬病変と軟病変
流体で満たされた病変
血腫
嚢胞
流体:
細胞外液と細胞内液
関節の包内液
頭蓋内液
脳脊髄液
リンパ液Furthermore, the field of application of these techniques can be extended to both mineralized and non-mineralized tissues and fluid identification as follows.
Non-mineralized organization:
Soft tissue, connective tissue, dermis (skin)
Ligament adipose tissue muscle tendon brain tissue tube mineralized tissue:
Cortical bone Medullary bone Cartilage Teeth Neoplasm:
Hard and soft lesions Fluid-filled lesions Hematoma Cyst Fluid:
Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid Joint encapsulated fluid Intracranial fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Lymph fluid
上記に述べた通り、注射装置は注射中の流体の圧力、望ましくは出口圧力を連続的にモニターする。装置はその記憶装置に記憶された一覧表に基づき、注射液が注入されている組織の型を決定することができる。この情報は医師(あるいは他の臨床医)に表示される。そこで医師は所望の組織に注射がなされているか確認することができる。さらに、患者が一般に耐えられる最大推奨圧力あるいはその他の基準値を限定するあらかじめ選択された最大許容圧力値および/または流量が組織のそれぞれの型に対して記憶される。パラメータは、記憶装置160に記憶される。圧力がこの限界値に近づくと、画面および/または音声警報が臨床医用に発せられる。さらに、上記に述べたように、全注射工程の記述データが今後の分析用に記憶される。 As stated above, the injection device continuously monitors the pressure of the fluid during injection, preferably the outlet pressure. The device can determine the type of tissue into which the injection solution is injected based on the list stored in the storage device. This information is displayed to the doctor (or other clinician). Therefore, the doctor can confirm whether an injection is made in a desired tissue. In addition, a preselected maximum allowable pressure value and / or flow rate that limits the maximum recommended pressure or other reference value that the patient can generally withstand is stored for each type of tissue. The parameters are stored in the
ここで述べられた技術は、ヒトおよび動物の組織に等しく適用される。
本発明はいくつかの特定の実施態様を参照して述べられているが、これらの実施態様は単に本発明の原理を説明するために述べているものと理解されるべきである。したがって、特に記述されている実施態様は、特許請求の範囲に関し、制限事項としてではなく、典型的な例として考えられるべきものである。The techniques described here apply equally to human and animal tissues.
Although the invention has been described with reference to several specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely set forth to illustrate the principles of the invention. Accordingly, the specifically described embodiments are to be considered as exemplary, rather than as restrictive in respect of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US60/502,379 | 2003-09-12 | ||
| US10/827,969US7449008B2 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2004-04-20 | Drug infusion device with tissue identification using pressure sensing |
| US10/827,969 | 2004-04-20 | ||
| PCT/US2004/029665WO2005027992A2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Drug infusion device with tissue identification using pressure sensing |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007504907A JP2007504907A (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| JP2007504907A5 JP2007504907A5 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
| JP4722849B2true JP4722849B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006526333AExpired - Fee RelatedJP4722849B2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2004-09-13 | Drug injection device that identifies tissue using pressure sensing |
| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP4722849B2 (en) |
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| HK1106457A1 (en) | 2008-03-14 |
| JP2007504907A (en) | 2007-03-08 |
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