【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】本発明は、電気泳動表示装置等の平面表示
装置に於いて、表示域に接する電極表面を絶縁物で被覆
して直流電流を遮断することにより、表示液と電極の電
荷の授受によって生ずる表示液の変質を防止するように
した表示装置に関する。[0001] The present invention relates to a flat display device such as an electrophoretic display device, which covers an electrode surface in contact with a displayarea with an insulator to cut off a direct current, thereby transferring the display liquid and the electric charge of the electrode. The present invention relates to a display device that prevents the resulting display liquid from being deteriorated.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術とその問題点】電気泳動表示装置等の直流駆
動平面表示装置では、図４の如く、対向面に各別に電極
２、４を形成したガラス板等の二枚の透明基材１、３を
所定の間隔で対向配置し、その間隙内に染料で着色した
分散媒と顔料粒子からなる表示液５を封入し、対向する
電極２、４に直流電圧を印加して表示液５の内部に直流
電界を発生させて荷電した顔料粒子を移動させてその分
布を変化させながら所望の表示を行わせるものである。2. Description of the Related Art In a direct current driven flat display device such as an electrophoretic display device, as shown in FIG. 4, two transparent substrates 1 such as a glass plate having electrodes 2 and 4 respectively formed on opposing surfaces are provided. 3 are arranged opposite to each other at a predetermined interval, and a display liquid 5 composed of a dispersion medium colored with a dye and pigment particles is sealed in the gap. A desired display is performed while generating a DC electric field to move the charged pigment particles and change the distribution thereof.
【０００３】しかし、直流電圧の印加は、表示液５の内
部に電界を発生させるだけでなく、表示液５、電極２、
４及び電源を結ぶ回路に直流電流を生じさせる。ところ
で、電気泳動表示素子に用いられる表示液５の固有抵抗
は通常１０8Ω・ｃｍ以上と比較的高い抵抗値であり、
その直流電流は数μＡ／ｃｍ2以下の低い値であるが、
この直流電流による長期寿命信頼性への影響は非常に大
きい。However, application of a DC voltage not only generates an electric field inside the display liquid 5, but also causes the display liquid 5, the electrodes 2,
A DC current is generated in a circuit connecting the power supply 4 and the power supply. By the way, the specific resistance of the display liquid 5 used for the electrophoretic display element is a relatively high resistance value of usually 108 Ω · cm or more,
The DC current is a low value of several μA / cm2 or less,
The effect of the DC current on long-term life reliability is very large.
【０００４】即ち、表示液５への外部からの電子の流入
又は流出は、表示液の酸化・還元を誘起し、例えば、染
料の変質による表示の変化、又は粒子分散の為の界面活
性剤の変質、或いは電極成分の表示液への溶解による電
極の消失、またこれらの障害の組み合わせ等、直流駆動
表示素子特有の不安定性の原因となっている。[0004] That is, the inflow or outflow of electrons from the outside into the display liquid 5 induces oxidation and reduction of the display liquid, for example, a change in display due to deterioration of the dye, or the use of a surfactant for dispersing particles. This is a cause of instability peculiar to DC drive display elements, such as deterioration of the electrodes, loss of the electrodes due to dissolution of the electrode components in the display liquid, and a combination of these obstacles.
【０００５】従来、電気泳動表示装置では、表示液の固
有抵抗を高くして直流電流を低下させることにより延命
効果をねらったり、或いは本願の出願人の提案による特
願平２−８８７５号出願の如く直流電圧の重畳を避ける
電圧印加方式を採用する等、実用期間での信頼性改善を
図っている。しかし、このような手段は基本的な対策と
は云えず、例えば、材料のロットによる寿命の変動や、
或いは使用する染料、界面活性剤の種類や使用量に制限
を生じ、表示性能そのものを劣化させるなど、不十分で
ある。Conventionally, in an electrophoretic display device, a life extension effect is aimed at by increasing a specific resistance of a display liquid to reduce a DC current, or a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-8875 proposed by the present applicant. As described above, the reliability is improved in a practical use period by adopting a voltage application method for avoiding superposition of a DC voltage. However, such means cannot be said to be a basic countermeasure.
Alternatively, the type and amount of the dye and the surfactant to be used are limited, and the display performance itself is deteriorated.
【０００６】例えば液晶表示素子、交流駆動プラズマ表
示素子等の交流駆動表示素子では、他の目的と共に電極
による表示の劣化、電荷の電極への流入を防止するため
に、電極表面に誘電体膜を設けて表示の劣化を防止する
ことはあるが、直流駆動方式による表示素子では、表示
を維持する為に直流電圧を継続して印加すると誘電体膜
に電荷が蓄積し、表示媒体に電界を有効に印加できなく
なったり、誘電体膜が絶縁破壊するなどの理由でこの方
法は採用されていなかった。For example, in an AC drive display device such as a liquid crystal display device and an AC drive plasma display device, a dielectric film is formed on the surface of the electrode in order to prevent the display from being deteriorated by the electrode and the inflow of the electric charge to the electrode, in addition to the other purposes. Although it may be provided to prevent the display from deteriorating, in the case of a display element using the DC drive method, when a DC voltage is continuously applied to maintain the display, charges are accumulated in the dielectric film, and the electric field is effectively applied to the display medium. This method has not been adopted because it becomes impossible to apply the voltage to the substrate or dielectric breakdown of the dielectric film occurs.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の目的及び構成】本発明は、表示用の液体又は固
体を含む層に電圧を印加する電極表面を絶縁物で被覆し
て直流電流を遮断することにより、上記層と電極の電荷
の授受によって生ずる表示液の変質を防止するようにし
た表示装置を提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates toa liquid or solid for display.
Provided is a display device in which a surface of an electrodefor applying avoltage to a layer including a body is covered with an insulator to block a direct current, thereby preventing deterioration of a display liquid caused by transfer of charges between thelayer and the electrode. Is what you do.
【０００８】その為に、本発明に係る表示装置は、直流
電圧の印加により光学的特性が変化する、表示用の液体
又は固体を含む層を対向配置した電極の間隙に封入した
表示装置に於いて、対向する該電極の少なくとも一方の
面に形成した絶縁層と、該電極間に表示電圧パルスを印
加し、該表示電圧パルスの印加後実質的に電圧ゼロの休
止パルスを印加する信号印加手段とを備え、該絶縁層及
び該表示液の等価静電容量と表示液の等価抵抗で決まる
時定数が該表示電圧パルス幅に比べて充分大きくなるよ
うに、且つ該絶縁層に加わる電圧の最大値が該絶縁層の
絶縁破壊強度と膜厚の積より小さくなるように構成した
ものであり、このような表示装置は、電極の間隙に表示
液を封入して電気泳動表示装置を構成することができ
る。For this purpose, the display device according to the present invention uses a direct current
Optical characteristics are changed byapplication ofvoltage, in the display device sealed in a gap between opposed by an electrodelayer comprising a liquid or solid for display, the insulating layer formed on at least one surface of the electrode facingAnd a display voltage pulse is applied between the electrodes.
After the application of the display voltage pulse, the voltage is substantially zero.
Signal applying means for applying a stop pulse.
And the equivalent capacitance of the display liquid and the equivalent resistance of the display liquid
The time constant becomes sufficiently large compared to the display voltage pulse width.
Sea urchin, andall SANYO configured so that the maximum value of the voltage applied to the insulating layer is smaller than the product of dielectric strength and thickness of the insulatinglayer, such a display device, displays the gap of the electrode
Liquid can be enclosed to construct an electrophoretic display.
You.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】図１は、本発明に従って構成された表示装置
の概念的な要部拡大断面構成図であって、図中、図４と
同一符号はそれらと同一の構成要素を示す。図１に於い
て、表示に必要な電極２、４は透明基材１、３の対向面
にインジュウム錫酸化物等の導電材料で形成され、この
電極２、４に図示しない引き出し線を接続して透明基材
１、３の外部に導出することにより外部電源に接続する
ものである。FIG. 1 is a conceptual enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of a display device constructed according to the present invention. In the drawing, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 4 indicate the same components. In FIG. 1, electrodes 2 and 4 required for display are formed of a conductive material such as indium tin oxide on opposing surfaces of transparent substrates 1 and 3, and lead lines (not shown) are connected to the electrodes 2 and 4. The outside of the transparent substrates 1 and 3 is connected to an external power supply.
【００１０】上記電極２、４及び引き出し線の一部には
それらを被覆するように本発明に従って絶縁層６、７が
各別に形成される。この絶縁層６、７の材料としては、
ポリエチレン、ポリイミド、四フッ化エチレン等の絶縁
性高分子、或いは酸化圭素、チタン酸バリウム、酸化チ
タン等の絶縁性金属酸化物を使用できる。また、それら
絶縁層６、７の形成手段としては、塗布、印刷、ＬＢ製
膜、蒸着又はスパッタ等の通常の膜形成手法を適宜採用
できる。そして、直流駆動平面表示装置としての電気泳
動表示素子を構成するには、上記の如き絶縁層６、７を
有する電極２、４の間隙内に従前のように表示液５を封
入して透明基材１、３の周囲を接着剤で封着することに
より完成できる。According to the present invention, insulating layers 6 and 7 are separately formed on the electrodes 2, 4 and a part of the lead wires so as to cover them. As a material of the insulating layers 6 and 7,
An insulating polymer such as polyethylene, polyimide, or tetrafluoroethylene, or an insulating metal oxide such as silicon oxide, barium titanate, or titanium oxide can be used. As a means for forming the insulating layers 6 and 7, a normal film forming method such as coating, printing, LB film formation, vapor deposition, or sputtering can be appropriately adopted. In order to form an electrophoretic display element as a DC-driven flat display device, the display liquid 5 is filled in the gap between the electrodes 2 and 4 having the insulating layers 6 and 7 as described above, and a transparent substrate is formed. It can be completed by sealing the periphery of the materials 1 and 3 with an adhesive.
【００１１】上記表示装置の両電極２、４に直流電圧を
印加する場合、電極２、４の表面に形成された絶縁層
６、７は、表示液５の等価抵抗に直列の等価静電容量と
して働き、表示液５からの直流電流成分の電極２、４へ
の流入、流出を抑止する。When a DC voltage is applied to both electrodes 2, 4 of the display device, the insulating layers 6, 7 formed on the surfaces of the electrodes 2, 4 have an equivalent capacitance in series with the equivalent resistance of the display liquid 5. To prevent the direct current component from the display liquid 5 from flowing into and out of the electrodes 2 and 4.
【００１２】即ち、電極２、４の表面を上記のような高
誘電体材料からなる絶縁層６、７で被覆し、その膜厚を
充分薄くして、この等価直列容量を充分大きく形成し、
その等価直列容量と表示液５の固有抵抗で定まる時定数
をこの表示装置の応答時間より充分長くすれば、この応
答時間内で表示装置に加わる電圧は略印加電圧と等しく
一定に保つことができ、且つ表示液５は電極２、４に接
しないので既述の如き電荷の外部流出を抑止することが
可能となる。That is, the surfaces of the electrodes 2 and 4 are covered with the insulating layers 6 and 7 made of a high dielectric material as described above, the film thickness is made sufficiently small, and the equivalent series capacitance is formed sufficiently large.
If the time constant determined by the equivalent series capacity and the specific resistance of the display liquid 5 is made sufficiently longer than the response time of the display device, the voltage applied to the display device within this response time can be kept substantially equal to the applied voltage. In addition, since the display liquid 5 does not come into contact with the electrodes 2 and 4, it is possible to suppress the outflow of charges as described above.
【００１３】勿論、等価静電容量は大きく設定できると
は云え、同極の動作電圧パルスを連続して印加すると、
その被覆膜には電荷が荷電して表示装置に加わる電圧は
減少するので、本来の表示機能を維持できなくなる。Of course, it can be said that the equivalent capacitance can be set large. However, when operating voltage pulses of the same polarity are continuously applied,
The charge applied to the coating film reduces the voltage applied to the display device, so that the original display function cannot be maintained.
【００１４】本発明が対象とする電気泳動表示装置は、
表示に完全なメモリ−機能を有し、表示を継続する為の
同極電圧の印加は不要であって、特願平２−８８７５号
に係る技術の如く同極パルスの抑制が可能である。従っ
て、本発明はその表示の応答速度、絶縁層６、７からな
る被覆膜の誘電率、膜厚、その絶縁耐電圧を配慮して実
施することが可能であり、この表示装置の電気化学的反
応を抑制することができる。以下、上記の絶縁層を電極
の一方に形成した場合について説明する。An electrophoretic display device to which the present invention is directed is:
The display has a complete memory function and does not require the application of the same polarity voltage to continue the display, and it is possible to suppress the same polarity pulse as in the technique according to Japanese Patent Application No. 2-8875. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented in consideration of the response speed of the display, the dielectric constant and the thickness of the coating film composed of the insulating layers 6 and 7, and the dielectric strength voltage. Reaction can be suppressed. Hereinafter, a case where the insulating layer is formed on one of the electrodes will be described.
【００１５】電極面に形成されるこの種の絶縁層或いは
絶縁物質による保護層は、交流駆動表示装置では類似の
ものが知られているが、本発明に従った絶縁層の場合で
は、直流駆動表示装置特有の性能が要求されるので、そ
のような従来のものとは本質的に異なるものである。即
ち、交流駆動表示装置に於けるこのような絶縁層には、
例えば液晶表示装置に於ける高分子配向膜、交流プラズ
マ表示装置に於ける酸化マグネシウム保護層があるが、
前者は配向に、そして後者はイオン衝撃緩和又は二次電
子供給層としての機能を持ち、これは直流電流阻止の静
電容量とは異なる。また、上記従来の保護層に要求され
る絶縁耐圧ＶIXは、Ｅを印加交流電圧の尖頭値、εIXを
保護層の誘電率、ｄIXをその膜厚、ε0を表示液の誘電
率とし、ｄ0をその層厚とした場合、となり、本発明とは異なる。This kind of insulating layer formed on the electrode surface or
The protective layer made of insulating material has a similar
Are known, but in the case of an insulating layer according to the invention
Is required to have the performance specific to DC drive display devices.
Is essentially different from the conventional one. Immediately
That is, such an insulating layer in an AC drive display device includes:
For example, polymer alignment film in liquid crystal display, AC plasma
Although there is a magnesium oxide protective layer in the display device,
The former is oriented and the latter is ion bombardment or secondary
It has a function as a power supply layer, which is
Different from capacitance. In addition, required for the above-mentioned conventional protective layer
Withstand voltage VIXIs the peak value of the AC voltage applied E, εIXTo
The dielectric constant of the protective layer, dIXIs the film thickness, ε0The display liquid of the dielectric
Rate and d0Is the layer thickness,Which is different from the present invention.
【００１６】実際に本発明の表示装置に電圧を印加して
表示を行う際の絶縁層、表示液５に加わる電圧は、図２
の等価回路でその過渡応答解を求めることによって求め
られる。初期電荷ゼロの状態で表示に必要な電圧Ｅ、パ
ルス幅ｔPEの表示パルスを印加した場合、表示液５に印
加される電圧ＶPは、Ｃ1を絶縁層の等価静電容量、Ｃ2
を表示装置の等価静電容量、Ｒを表示液５の等価抵抗、
ｒを電源内部抵抗及び配線等価抵抗、そしてＥ及び−Ｅ
を動作電圧パルスとすれば、で表される。The voltage applied to the insulating layer and the display liquid 5 when a display is actually applied by applying a voltage to the display device of the present invention is shown in FIG.
By finding the transient response solution with the equivalent circuit of When a display pulse having a voltage E required for display and a pulse width tPE is applied in a state where the initial charge is zero, the voltage VP applied to the display liquid 5 is such that C1 is equivalent capacitance of an insulating layer, C2
Is the equivalent capacitance of the display device, R is the equivalent resistance of the display liquid 5,
r is the power supply internal resistance and the wiring equivalent resistance, and E and -E
Is the operating voltage pulse, It is represented by
【００１７】上式に於いて、配線及び電源内部抵抗に基
づくｒが小さい場合にはその第一項は電圧ゼロから昇圧
する間の過渡項であって短時間で無視できる値となり、
従って第二項が表示液５に印加される。ここで、Ｒ（Ｃ
1＋Ｃ2）が表示に必要なパルス幅ｔPEに比べて充分大き
くなるようにＣ1、即ち絶縁層の静電容量を大きく設計
すれば、ＶPは略Ｃ1Ｅ／（Ｃ1＋Ｃ2）、Ｃ1≫Ｃ2でＶP
＝Ｅとなって絶縁層のない場合と等しくなる。この場
合、絶縁層のない場合と異なり、表示液中の顔料粒子及
び溶媒中の電子やイオンは電極に電荷を与えることはな
く、その空間位置が変位するだけで、これらが酸化還元
反応により変質しないことが特徴である。In the above equation, when r based on the internal resistance of the wiring and the power supply is small, the first term is a transient term during the step-up from zero voltage and becomes a value that can be ignored in a short time.
Therefore, the second term is applied to the display liquid 5. Here, R (C
1 + C2) C1 to become sufficiently larger than the pulse width tPE required for display, i.e., by increasing the design capacitance of the insulating layer, VP is approximatelyC 1 E / (C 1 + C 2 ), VP at C1 ≫C2
= E, which is equal to the case without the insulating layer. In this case, unlike the case without the insulating layer, the pigment particles in the display liquid and the electrons and ions in the solvent do not give a charge to the electrodes, only their spatial position is displaced, and they are altered by the oxidation-reduction reaction. The feature is that it does not.
【００１８】絶縁層に加わる電圧ＶIも同様に求まり、
その最大値は、となり、本発明に従って構成される絶縁層の絶縁耐電圧
はこのＶI以上となるように設計する必要がある。The voltage VI applied to the insulating layer is similarly determined,
Its maximum value is Next, the insulating withstand voltage of the insulating layer configured in accordance with the present invention should be designed to be above this VI.
【００１９】この式を絶縁層の面積Ｓ、その層の膜厚ｄ
1、誘電率ε1、そして、表示液の面積Ｓ、厚みｄ0、誘
電率ε0、その固有抵抗Ｒ0を用いて表すと、となり、絶縁層の絶縁破壊強度×ｄ1＞ＶIとなる。This equation is obtained by calculating the area S of the insulating layer and the thickness d of the layer.
1 , the dielectric constant ε1 , and the area S of the display liquid, the thickness d0 , the dielectric constant ε0 , and its specific resistance R0 , Next, the dielectric breakdown strength × d1> VI of the insulating layer.
【００２０】例えば、ε1＝4 ×0.0885×10-12(F/cm)、
ｄ1＝0.1 ×10-4(cm)のＳｉＯ2絶縁層を、ｄ0＝50×10
-4(cm)、ε0＝3 ×0.0885×10-12(F/cm)、Ｒ0＝1011(
Ω・cm)、応答速度 100×10-3（秒）の電気泳動表示装置
に設けると、ＶIは約−0.28Ｖとなる。一方、絶縁層材
料の絶縁破壊強度は約30ｋＶ／ｍｍであって、また、絶
縁層の絶縁強度は３Ｖであり、充分そのＶIに耐え得
る。以上試算した電気泳動表示装置の諸定数はこれまで
試作された素子の平均的な定数であるが、これらと異な
る場合でも、形成する絶縁層の誘電率及びその破壊強度
を配慮して材料を選択することができる。For example, ε1 = 4 × 0.0885 × 10-12 (F / cm),
An SiO2 insulating layer of d1 = 0.1 × 10−4 (cm) was added to d0 = 50 × 10
-4 (cm), ε0 = 3 × 0.0885 × 10-12 (F / cm), R0 = 1011 (
Ω · cm), when provided in the electrophoretic display device of the response speed 100 × 10-3 (s), VI is about -0.28V. On the other hand, the dielectric breakdown strength of the insulating layer material is from about 30 kV / mm, also, the insulating strength of the insulating layer is 3V, can withstand sufficiently the VI. The constants of the electrophoretic display device calculated above are the average constants of the devices that have been prototyped so far, but if different from these, the material should be selected in consideration of the dielectric constant of the insulating layer to be formed and its breakdown strength. can do.
【００２１】更に、先の表示電圧パルスを印加した後、
電圧ゼロの休止パルスを印加した場合の各部電圧につい
て述べる。印加電圧をゼロとした後からの時間をｔとす
ると表示液に加わる電圧ＶPは、の逆極性の電圧が加わるが、Ｒ（Ｃ1＋Ｃ2）がｔPEより
充分大きくなるようにＣ1を設定しているので、このＶ
P-の絶対値は小さく、表示に影響しない。またこの逆極
性の電圧の表示装置への印加を軽減する為に、図３の如
く、Ｒより大きいＲSを設置してＣ1からＣ2への電荷流
入を抑制すれば、ＶP-を更に低減することも可能であ
る。Further, after applying the display voltage pulse,
A description will be given of the voltages of the respective parts when a pause pulse having zero voltage is applied. Voltage VP applied time the applied voltage from after the zero display liquid and the t is However, since C1 is set so that R (C1 + C2 ) becomes sufficiently larger than tPE , this V
The absolute value ofP- is small and does not affect the display. In order to reduce the application of the voltage of the opposite polarity to the display device, as shown in FIG. 3, by setting RS larger than R and suppressing the charge inflow from C1 to C2 , VP− is reduced. Further reduction is possible.
【００２２】上記の如き絶縁層を設けた表示装置の駆動
では表示のメモリ−を有効に利用し、既述の特願平２−
８８７５号の出願で具体化されるような同極電圧パルス
の重畳印加の防止を行い、この絶縁層への過剰な荷電を
防止するものである。従って、一旦表示を行ったエレメ
ントには絶縁層の電荷を放電する逆極性の電圧が印加さ
れることになり、この絶縁層に加わる電圧は先に述べた
ＶIを越えることはない。In driving a display device provided with an insulating layer as described above, a display memory is effectively used, and the above-described Japanese Patent Application No. Hei.
It prevents the superimposed application of the same-polarity voltage pulse as embodied in the application of No. 8875, and prevents excessive charging of the insulating layer. Therefore, once the elements performing the display will be a voltage of opposite polarity to discharge the insulating layer is applied, the voltage applied to the insulating layer does not exceed the VI previously described.
【００２３】以上の説明は、絶縁層を電極２、４のいず
れか一方に形成した場合の直流駆動平面表示装置に於け
るその絶縁層に必要な条件、駆動方法の具体例を述べた
ものであるが、対向する対となる電極も併せて同様な絶
縁層で被覆することも可能であり、且つ本発明の目的と
する性能向上の点でも好ましい。The above description describes the conditions necessary for the insulating layer and a specific example of the driving method in the DC driven flat display device when the insulating layer is formed on one of the electrodes 2 and 4. However, the paired electrodes facing each other can also be covered with a similar insulating layer, and it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the performance aimed at by the present invention.
【００２４】また、上記の説明は表示装置として電気泳
動表示装置について行ったが、例えばエレクトロクロミ
ック表示装置など、メモリ−機能を有する他の表示装置
にも適用することができる。Although the above description has been given of an electrophoretic display device as a display device, the present invention can be applied to other display devices having a memory function, such as an electrochromic display device.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る表示装置は、以上の説明か
ら明らかなように表示用液体又は固体を含む層に電圧を
印加する電極表面を絶縁物で被覆して直流電流を遮断す
ることにより、上記層と電極の電荷の授受によって生ず
る表示液の変質、即ち表示液中のイオンの酸化・還元に
よる表示液の変質を防止できる。As apparent from the above description, the display device according to the present invention applies avoltage to the layer containing the displayliquid or solid.
By coating the surface of the electrode to beapplied with an insulator and blocking the direct current, the deterioration of the display liquid caused by the transfer of the charge between thelayer and the electrode, that is, the deterioration of the display liquid due to the oxidation and reduction of ions in the display liquid, Can be prevented.
【００２６】従って、染料の変色、分散状態の劣化或い
は分散粒子の電気泳動特性の変化等を防止できる。Therefore, discoloration of the dye, deterioration of the dispersed state, change in the electrophoretic characteristics of the dispersed particles, and the like can be prevented.
【図１】 本発明の一実施例により構成された表示装置
の概念的な断面構成図。FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional configuration diagram of a display device configured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 図１で絶縁層を一方の電極に形成した場合の
等価回路図。FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram in the case where an insulating layer is formed on one electrode in FIG.
【図３】 図２で外部抵抗を設置した場合の等価回路
図。3 is an equivalent circuit diagram when an external resistor is installed in FIG.
【図４】 従来の電気泳動表示装置の概念的な要部拡大
断面構成図。FIG. 4 is a conceptual enlarged cross-sectional configuration diagram of a main part of a conventional electrophoretic display device.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 森 高志 茨城県稲敷郡茎崎町天宝喜757 日本メ クトロン株式 会社南茨城工場内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭55−4067（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−213827（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭48−71993（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 平３−67384（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G09F 9/30 - 9/46──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Takashi Mori 757 Tenhoki, Kashizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside of Minami-Ibaraki Plant of Mektron Co., Ltd. (56) References Hei 3-213827 (JP, A) JP-A-48-71993 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Application Hei 3-67384 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl.7 , DB name) G09F 9 / 30-9/46
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