【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、充電と休止とを繰り返
して二次電池をパルス充電する方法であって、特に鉛蓄
電池やリチウムイオン二次電池等の二次電池の充電に好
適な充電方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for pulse charging a secondary battery by repeating charging and resting, and is particularly suitable for charging a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion secondary battery. About the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】二次電池の１つであるリチウムイオン二
次電池を充電する方法としては、定電流充電した後に定
電圧充電するのが一般的である。この充電方法は、電池
電圧が設定電圧（例えば、4.10Ｖ）になるまで定電流充
電し、電圧が設定電圧に到達した後は、電池電圧が設定
電圧を越えて上昇しないように、設定電圧による定電圧
充電に切り換えるものである。この充電方法は、定電流
充電する充電電流を大きくすることにより、満充電する
時間を短くすることができる。しかしながら、充電電流
を大きくしても、充電閉回路内に存在する直流抵抗成分
によって定電流充電期間が短くなるため、充電電流を大
きくすればする程、充電時間が短縮されるというもので
はない。更に、充電電流を余りに大きくすると、電池性
能が低下する恐れがある。2. Description of the Related Art As a method of charging a lithium ion secondary battery, which is one of the secondary batteries, it is common to charge the battery at a constant current and then at a constant voltage. In this charging method, constant-current charging is performed until the battery voltage reaches a set voltage (for example, 4.10 V), and after the voltage reaches the set voltage, the battery voltage does not increase beyond the set voltage. It switches to constant voltage charging. This charging method can shorten the time for full charging by increasing the charging current for constant current charging. However, even if the charging current is increased, the constant current charging period is shortened by the DC resistance component existing in the charging closed circuit. Therefore, the charging time is not shortened as the charging current is increased. Further, if the charging current is too large, the battery performance may decrease.
【０００３】一方、特開平２−１１９５３９号公報に記
載された充電方法は、定電流充電するときの電池の最終
電圧を、その後に定電圧充電するときの設定電圧（4.10
Ｖ）よりも高い電圧（例えば、4.40Ｖ）とすることによ
って、二次電池の充電時間の短縮化を図るものである。
この充電方法は、最初に最終電圧を高くして定電流充電
するので、定電流充電時の充電量を多くして、トータル
の充電時間を短くすることができる。更にこの充電方法
は、定電流充電するときの最終電圧を高くする程、充電
時間を短くできるものである。しかしながら、定電流充
電するときの設定電圧を高くすると、リチウムイオン二
次電池の電池性能を低下させる弊害がある。On the other hand, in the charging method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-119538, the final voltage of the battery at the time of constant current charging is set to the set voltage (4.10
By setting the voltage higher than V) (for example, 4.40 V), the charging time of the secondary battery can be shortened.
In this charging method, since the final voltage is first increased to perform constant current charging, the amount of charge at the time of constant current charging can be increased, and the total charging time can be shortened. Further, in this charging method, the charging time can be shortened as the final voltage at the time of constant current charging is increased. However, if the set voltage at the time of constant current charging is increased, there is a problem that the battery performance of the lithium ion secondary battery is reduced.
【０００４】本発明者は、これを解消することを目的と
して、充電と休止とを繰り返すパルス充電によって、電
池性能の低下を防止して充電時間を短縮する技術を開発
した（特開平６−１１３４７４号公報）。この充電方法
は、充電を開始した当初は、電池電圧が第１の電圧（例
えば、4.40Ｖ）に上昇するまで定電流充電し、その後、
第１の電圧での定電圧充電と充電休止とを繰り返すパル
ス充電を行うものである。パルス充電後は、第１の電圧
より低い第２の電圧（4.10Ｖ）で定電圧充電して満充電
する。The inventor of the present invention has developed a technique for solving this problem by reducing the battery performance and shortening the charging time by pulse charging in which charging and rest are repeated (JP-A-6-113474). No.). In this charging method, at the beginning of charging, constant-current charging is performed until the battery voltage rises to a first voltage (for example, 4.40 V), and thereafter,
This is to perform pulse charging in which the constant voltage charging at the first voltage and the charging suspension are repeated. After the pulse charging, the battery is fully charged by constant voltage charging at a second voltage (4.10 V) lower than the first voltage.
【０００５】この充電方法は、パルス充電する工程にお
いて、二次電池の満充電電圧より高い第１の電圧での充
電を行うが、充電と休止とを繰り返すので、電池性能の
低下を防止できる。また、第２の電圧より高い第１の電
圧による充電を行うので、充電時間を短くできるが、定
電流充電回路、パルス充電回路及び定電圧充電回路を必
要とするため、充電回路が複雑となる。In this charging method, charging is performed at a first voltage higher than the full charge voltage of the secondary battery in the step of performing pulse charging. However, since charging and rest are repeated, deterioration of battery performance can be prevented. In addition, since charging is performed with the first voltage higher than the second voltage, the charging time can be shortened. However, the charging circuit is complicated because a constant current charging circuit, a pulse charging circuit, and a constant voltage charging circuit are required. .
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述のように、リチウ
ムイオン二次電池等の二次電池を急速充電する方法が種
々提案されているが、いずれも十分に満足できるもので
はなかった。As described above, various methods for rapidly charging a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery have been proposed, but none of them has been sufficiently satisfactory.
【０００７】そこで、本発明は、二次電池の過充電によ
る劣化を招くことなく、二次電池を急速充電する充電方
法を提供するものである。Therefore, the present invention provides a charging method for rapidly charging a secondary battery without causing deterioration of the secondary battery due to overcharging.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、充電と休止と
を繰り返して二次電池をパルス充電する方法であって、
１パルス当りの充電として前記二次電池を所定容量だけ
充電した後に前記二次電池の充電を休止し、この休止中
に前記二次電池の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧以下になる
と前記二次電池の充電を再開することを繰り返して前記
二次電池をパルス充電することを特徴とするものであ
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method for pulse charging a secondary battery by repeating charging and resting,
After charging the secondary battery by a predetermined capacity as charging per pulse, the charging of the secondary battery is paused. When the battery voltage of the secondary battery falls below a first set voltage during this pause, the secondary battery is charged. The secondary battery is pulse-charged by repeating recharging of the battery.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】本発明の二次電池の充電方法によれば、二次電
池は、１パルス当りの充電として所定容量だけの充電が
行われた後、一旦充電が休止される。この休止中に前記
二次電池の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧以下になると、前
記二次電池の充電が再開される。以後、これを繰り返し
て前記二次電池はパルス充電される。According to the charging method for a secondary battery of the present invention, the charging of the secondary battery is temporarily stopped after the charging of a predetermined capacity is performed as charging per pulse. If the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage during this pause, charging of the secondary battery is restarted. Thereafter, the above operation is repeated to pulse-charge the secondary battery.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】以下、実施例を参照しながら本発明の説明を
行うが、本発明における「充電の休止」とは、充電電流
を０にすることのみを意味するのではなく、充電電流を
微小電流としてトリクル充電を行うこと、二次電池を第
１の設定電圧Ｖ1で定電圧充電すること、または二次電
池の微小放電を行うことも意味するものとする。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments. The term "pause of charging" in the present invention does not only mean that the charging current is reduced to zero, but also reduces the charging current. It also means performing trickle charging as a current, performing constant voltage charging of the secondary battery at the first set voltage V1, or performing minute discharge of the secondary battery.
【００１１】まず、本発明の充電方法は、その基本原理
を表す図１の波形図に示している如く、以下のようにし
て二次電池をパルス充電することを特徴とするものであ
る。即ち、二次電池は、１パルス当りの充電として所定
容量だけ充電される。具体的には、二次電池の充電量で
ある［充電電流Ｉc×充電時間Ｔa］が、１パルス当りの
充電として二次電池の満充電容量の10％以下となるよう
に、好ましくは５％以下、更に好ましくは１％以下とな
るように、二次電池を充電する。なお、この所定容量
は、二次電池の充電中において常時一定に保持される必
要はなく、10％を越えない範囲で変動してもよい。First, the charging method of the present invention is characterized in that a secondary battery is pulse-charged as follows, as shown in a waveform diagram of FIG. 1 showing its basic principle. That is, the secondary battery is charged by a predetermined capacity as charging per pulse. Specifically, the charging amount of the secondary battery [charging current Ic × charging time Ta] is set to 10% or less of the full charging capacity of the secondary battery as charging per pulse, preferably 5%. Hereinafter, the secondary battery is more preferably charged to 1% or less. The predetermined capacity does not need to be constantly maintained during charging of the secondary battery, and may vary within a range not exceeding 10%.
【００１２】例えば、二次電池の満充電容量が1300mAh
であり、充電電流Ｉcが１Ｃ（＝1300mA）の定電流であ
るとすると、充電時間Ｔaを360秒以下に設定して充電す
ればよい。なお、充電電流が図１のように定電流でな
く、三角波状や正弦波状等のように規則正しく変動する
場合には、平均電流を前述の充電電流Ｉcとして、充電
時間Ｔaを適宜に算出すればよい。一方、不規則に変動
する場合には、充電電流を検出しながら、［充電電流×
充電時間］を積算することによって充電容量を演算す
る。そして、この演算容量が二次電池の満充電容量の10
％以内となるように、二次電池の充電を行えば良い。For example, the full charge capacity of the secondary battery is 1300 mAh
Assuming that the charging current Ic is a constant current of 1 C (= 1300 mA), the charging may be performed by setting the charging time Ta to 360 seconds or less. In the case where the charging current is not a constant current as shown in FIG. 1 but fluctuates regularly, such as in a triangular waveform or a sine waveform, the charging current Ta may be appropriately calculated using the average current as the charging current Ic described above. Good. On the other hand, when the charge current fluctuates irregularly, [charge current ×
[Charging time] is calculated. The calculated capacity is 10 times the full charge capacity of the secondary battery.
%, The secondary battery may be charged.
【００１３】斯る所定容量の充電が終了すると、二次電
池の充電が休止される。そして、この休止中に二次電池
の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1（二次電池を過充電し
ない電圧、換言すれば二次電池の満充電電圧であり、例
えば、4.10Ｖ/cell）以下になると二次電池の所定量の
充電を再開する。以後、所定量の充電と休止とを繰り返
して、二次電池はパルス充電される。When the charging of the predetermined capacity is completed, the charging of the secondary battery is stopped. During this pause, the battery voltage of the secondary battery is equal to or lower than a first set voltage V1 (a voltage at which the secondary battery is not overcharged, in other words, a full charge voltage of the secondary battery, for example, 4.10 V / cell). Then, charging of the predetermined amount of the secondary battery is restarted. Thereafter, the secondary battery is pulse-charged by repeating the predetermined amount of charging and the pause.
【００１４】なお、図１において、充電の休止後に二次
電池の充電を再開するに際して、二次電池の電池電圧が
第１の設定電圧Ｖ1以下になると、即座に充電を再開し
ているが、充電の休止中における二次電池の電池電圧を
正確に測定し、回路の誤動作を防止するためには、充電
を休止する時間を所定時間以上とし、当該時間経過後に
充電を再開するのが好ましい。In FIG. 1, when the charging of the secondary battery is resumed after the suspension of the charging, the charging is immediately resumed when the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage V1. In order to accurately measure the battery voltage of the secondary battery during suspension of charging and prevent malfunction of the circuit, it is preferable that the suspension time of charging is set to a predetermined time or longer and charging is resumed after the lapse of the time.
【００１５】また、図１において、二次電池のパルス充
電は、二次電池を連続充電して、二次電池の電池電圧が
第２の設定電圧Ｖ2（例えば、4.15Ｖ/cell）に到達した
後に行われているが、二次電池の充電の開始直後からパ
ルス充電するようにしてもよい。この第２の設定電圧Ｖ
2は、第１の設定電圧Ｖ1と同じ電圧でも、あるいは第１
の設定電圧Ｖ1より高くまたは低く設定してもよい。In FIG. 1, in the pulse charging of the secondary battery, the secondary battery is continuously charged, and the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches a second set voltage V2 (for example, 4.15 V / cell). Although performed later, pulse charging may be performed immediately after charging of the secondary battery is started. This second set voltage V
2 is the same as the first set voltage V1 or the first set voltage V1.
May be set higher or lower than the set voltage V1.
【００１６】図２は斯る充電方法の基本原理を実施する
ための概略回路図である。この回路は、直流電源２１
と、二次電池Ｂと、第１スイッチＳＷ１と、充電電流検
出回路２２と、充電制御回路２３とを備える。また、第
１スイッチＳＷ１と並列に、第２スイッチＳＷ２及び電
流制限抵抗Ｒ１からなるトリクル充電回路２４と、第３
スイッチＳＷ３及び定電圧回路２５からなる定電圧充電
回路２６とが接続され、更に、二次電池Ｂと並列に、第
４スイッチＳＷ４及び放電抵抗Ｒ２からなる放電回路２
７が接続されている。FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram for implementing the basic principle of such a charging method. This circuit includes a DC power supply 21
, A secondary battery B, a first switch SW1, a charging current detection circuit 22, and a charging control circuit 23. A trickle charging circuit 24 including a second switch SW2 and a current limiting resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the first switch SW1.
A switch SW3 and a constant voltage charging circuit 26 including a constant voltage circuit 25 are connected. Further, a discharging circuit 2 including a fourth switch SW4 and a discharging resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the secondary battery B.
7 is connected.
【００１７】なお、トリクル充電回路２４、定電圧充電
回路２６または放電回路２７は夫々、充電の休止とし
て、充電電流を微小電流としてトリクル充電を行うこ
と、二次電池を第２の設定電圧Ｖ2で定電圧充電するこ
と、または二次電池の微小放電を行うことのいずれかを
選択する場合にのみ設ければよい。Each of the trickle charging circuit 24, the constant voltage charging circuit 26 and the discharging circuit 27 performs trickle charging with a small charging current as a pause of charging, and sets the secondary battery at the second set voltage V2. It may be provided only when either constant-voltage charging or minute discharging of the secondary battery is selected.
【００１８】直流電源２１は、商用電源である交流100
Ｖを、二次電池Ｂの充電に適した直流に変換する。直流
電源２１の電圧値及び電流値は特に制限されないが、電
圧値として、二次電池を過充電しない値（例えば、二次
電池の満充電電圧が4.10Ｖ/cellであるとすると、4.35
Ｖ/cell程度）に設定されると、本発明による充電方法
を実施するための充電制御回路（詳細は後述参照）に故
障が発生しても、二次電池を過充電することがない。The DC power supply 21 is an AC 100 which is a commercial power supply.
V is converted to a direct current suitable for charging the secondary battery B. Although the voltage value and the current value of the DC power supply 21 are not particularly limited, the voltage value is a value that does not overcharge the secondary battery (for example, if the full charge voltage of the secondary battery is 4.10 V / cell, 4.35 V / cell).
When set to about V / cell), the secondary battery will not be overcharged even if a failure occurs in a charge control circuit for implementing the charging method according to the present invention (for details, see below).
【００１９】第１スイッチＳＷ１〜第４スイッチＳＷ４
は、トランジスタやMOSFET等の半導体スイッチング素子
からなる。第１スイッチＳＷ１がオンのとき、二次電池
Ｂは充電され、オフのとき、二次電池Ｂの充電は休止さ
れる。First switch SW1 to fourth switch SW4
Consists of semiconductor switching elements such as transistors and MOSFETs. When the first switch SW1 is on, the secondary battery B is charged, and when it is off, the charging of the secondary battery B is stopped.
【００２０】また第１スイッチＳＷ１がオフ状態におい
て、第２スイッチＳＷ２がオンのとき、二次電池Ｂはト
リクル充電され、第３スイッチＳＷ３がオンのとき、二
次電池Ｂは第１の設定電圧Ｖ1で定電圧充電される。更
にまた第１スイッチＳＷ１がオフ状態において、第４ス
イッチＳＷ４がオンのとき、二次電池Ｂは微小電流で放
電される。When the first switch SW1 is off and the second switch SW2 is on, the rechargeable battery B is trickle-charged. When the third switch SW3 is on, the rechargeable battery B has a first set voltage. It is charged at a constant voltage at V1. Furthermore, when the first switch SW1 is off and the fourth switch SW4 is on, the secondary battery B is discharged with a very small current.
【００２１】充電制御回路２３は、まず二次電池Ｂの電
池電圧を検出する。電池電圧の検出は、図に示すよう
に、直列接続された複数の二次電池Ｂの全体電圧を測定
しても良いが、二次電池の電池電圧にばらつきが生じる
可能性がある場合には、各二次電池の過充電を確実に防
止するために、各二次電池の電圧を測定し、その中の最
大電圧による制御を行うようにするのが好ましい。更
に、充電制御回路２３は、充電電流検出回路２２にて検
出された充電電流に基づいて充電量を演算する。そし
て、これら電池電圧及び充電量に応答して、第１スイッ
チＳＷ１〜第４スイッチＳＷ４をオンオフ制御する。The charge control circuit 23 first detects the battery voltage of the secondary battery B. The battery voltage may be detected by measuring the overall voltage of a plurality of secondary batteries B connected in series as shown in the figure. However, when the battery voltage of the secondary batteries may vary, In order to reliably prevent overcharge of each secondary battery, it is preferable to measure the voltage of each secondary battery and perform control using the maximum voltage among them. Further, the charge control circuit 23 calculates the charge amount based on the charge current detected by the charge current detection circuit 22. Then, the first switch SW1 to the fourth switch SW4 are turned on / off in response to the battery voltage and the charge amount.
【００２２】この回路の動作について、充電電流を０に
して充電を休止する場合を簡単に説明すると、まず、第
１スイッチＳＷ１をオン状態として、二次電池Ｂの電池
電圧が第２の設定電圧Ｖ2（4.15Ｖ/cell）に到達するま
で、二次電池Ｂを充電する。二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が第
２の設定電圧Ｖ2に到達すると、二次電池Ｂを、所定容
量（二次電池の満充電容量の10％以下の容量）だけ充電
する。この充電は、直流電源１が定電流を発生する場合
には充電時間を制御し、そうでない場合には、充電電流
検出回路２２により検出された充電電流に基づいて充電
制御回路２３が充電量を積算演算して制御する。The operation of this circuit will be described briefly when charging is paused by setting the charging current to 0. First, the first switch SW1 is turned on, and the battery voltage of the secondary battery B is reduced to the second set voltage. The secondary battery B is charged until the voltage reaches V2 (4.15 V / cell). When the battery voltage of the secondary battery B reaches the second set voltage V2, the secondary battery B is charged by a predetermined capacity (a capacity of 10% or less of the full charge capacity of the secondary battery). In this charging, when the DC power supply 1 generates a constant current, the charging time is controlled. Otherwise, the charging control circuit 23 determines the charging amount based on the charging current detected by the charging current detection circuit 22. Control by integrating.
【００２３】斯る所定容量の充電が終了すると、第１ス
イッチＳＷ１をオフとして二次電池Ｂの充電を休止す
る。そして、この休止に伴って二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が
第１の設定電圧Ｖ1以下になると、二次電池Ｂの所定容
量の充電を再開する。以後、二次電池Ｂの充電と休止と
を繰り返して、二次電池Ｂをパルス充電する。When the charging of the predetermined capacity is completed, the first switch SW1 is turned off to suspend the charging of the secondary battery B. Then, when the battery voltage of the secondary battery B becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage V1 following the suspension, charging of the secondary battery B to a predetermined capacity is restarted. Thereafter, the charging and the rest of the secondary battery B are repeated, and the secondary battery B is pulse-charged.
【００２４】以上が本発明の基本原理についての説明で
あるが、本発明では、二次電池Ｂの特性劣化を防止し、
より一層の安全性を向上するために、第１の設定電圧Ｖ
1（及び第２の設定電圧Ｖ2）を周囲温度により適宜に補
正してもよい。即ち、周囲温度が低い場合にはこれら設
定電圧を高くし、周囲温度が高い場合には低くする。ま
た、所定容量の充電におけるその充電量を、周囲温度が
低い場合には大きく、高い場合には小さく設定するのが
好ましい。The above is the description of the basic principle of the present invention. In the present invention, the characteristic deterioration of the secondary battery B is prevented,
In order to further improve safety, the first set voltage V
1 (and the second set voltage V2) may be appropriately corrected according to the ambient temperature. That is, when the ambient temperature is low, the set voltages are increased, and when the ambient temperature is high, the set voltages are decreased. In addition, it is preferable that the charging amount in charging the predetermined capacity is set to be large when the ambient temperature is low and to be small when the ambient temperature is high.
【００２５】更に、第３の設定電圧Ｖ3（第１の設定電
圧Ｖ1より高い値）を設定し、充電中に二次電池の電池
電圧がこの第３の設定電圧Ｖ3に到達すると、それまで
の充電量に関係なく、充電を休止または禁止するか、あ
るいはこの第３の設定電圧Ｖ3での定電圧を行う等、二
次電池Ｂが過充電しないようにするのが好ましい。この
第３の設定電圧Ｖ3についても、周囲温度が低い場合に
は高くし、高い場合には低くするのが好ましい。Further, a third set voltage V3 (a value higher than the first set voltage V1) is set, and when the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches the third set voltage V3 during charging, the third set voltage V3 is set. Regardless of the charge amount, it is preferable that the secondary battery B is not overcharged, for example, by suspending or prohibiting charging, or by performing a constant voltage at the third set voltage V3. The third set voltage V3 is also preferably increased when the ambient temperature is low, and decreased when the ambient temperature is high.
【００２６】以下、本発明のより具体例である第１実施
例について、図３に基いて説明する。この例では、電池
電圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1（既述の第２の設定電圧Ｖ2に
相当する電圧）に到達した後にパルス充電を開始するも
のである。Hereinafter, a first embodiment, which is a more specific example of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, pulse charging is started after the battery voltage reaches a first set voltage V1 (a voltage corresponding to the above-described second set voltage V2).
【００２７】この充電回路は直列接続された２個のリチ
ウムイオン二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２を内蔵するパック電池３
４の充電回路を示す。この充電回路は、直流電源３１
と、スイッチングトランジスタＳＷと、充電制御回路３
２と、充電終了制御回路３３とを備える。This charging circuit is a battery pack 3 containing two lithium ion secondary batteries B1 and B2 connected in series.
4 shows a charging circuit of No. 4. This charging circuit includes a DC power supply 31
, Switching transistor SW, charge control circuit 3
2 and a charge termination control circuit 33.
【００２８】直流電源３１は、商用電源である交流100
Ｖを、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電に適した直流の定電圧
及び定電流（例えば、10Ｖの定電圧と1.3Ａの定電流）
を発生する。スイッチングトランジスタＳＷは、トラン
ジスタやMOSFET等の半導体スイッチング素子からなる。
スイッチングトランジスタＳＷがオンのとき、二次電池
Ｂ１、Ｂ２は定電流充電され、スイッチングトランジス
タＳＷがオフのときに二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電は休止
される。スイッチングトランジスタＳＷがオンオフに切
り換えられて、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２がパルス充電され
る。The DC power supply 31 is an AC 100 which is a commercial power supply.
V is a DC constant voltage and a constant current suitable for charging the secondary batteries B1 and B2 (for example, a constant voltage of 10 V and a constant current of 1.3 A)
Occurs. The switching transistor SW includes a semiconductor switching element such as a transistor or a MOSFET.
When the switching transistor SW is on, the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are charged at a constant current, and when the switching transistor SW is off, the charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is stopped. The switching transistor SW is turned on and off, and the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are pulse-charged.
【００２９】パック電池３４は、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の
個々の電圧を検出して電池の過充電を保護する過充電保
護回路を内蔵している。過充電保護回路は、二次電池Ｂ
１、Ｂ２の個々の電池電圧を検出し、電池電圧が4.35Ｖ
（前述の第３の設定電圧Ｖ3に相当）以上になると過充
電検出信号を発生する電圧検出回路３５、３６と、電圧
検出回路３５、３６からの過充電検出信号が30ミリ秒以
上継続して出力されると充電禁止信号を出力する遅延回
路３７と、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２に直列接続され、充電禁
止信号に応答して充電を禁止するMOSFET３８とからな
る。The battery pack 34 has a built-in overcharge protection circuit for detecting the respective voltages of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 to protect the batteries from being overcharged. The overcharge protection circuit is a secondary battery B
1. Detect the individual battery voltage of B2, battery voltage 4.35V
The voltage detection circuits 35 and 36 that generate an overcharge detection signal when the voltage becomes equal to or higher than the above (corresponding to the third set voltage V3) and the overcharge detection signal from the voltage detection circuits 35 and 36 continues for 30 milliseconds or more It comprises a delay circuit 37 that outputs a charge prohibition signal when output, and a MOSFET 38 that is connected in series to the secondary batteries B1 and B2 and prohibits charging in response to the charge prohibition signal.
【００３０】過充電保護回路は次の動作により、二次電
池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の過充電を防止する。二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２
の電池電圧がいずれも4.35Ｖより低いとき、電圧検出回
路３５、３６は過充電検出信号を発しない。従って、遅
延回路３７から充電禁止信号は発生されず、MOSFET３８
はオフ状態とならない。一方、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の少
なくとも一方の電池電圧が、4.35Ｖよりも高くなると、
電圧検出回路３５、３６のいずれかは過充電検出信号を
発する。そして、斯る過充電検出信号が30ミリ秒以上継
続して発せられると、遅延回路３７から充電禁止信号が
発生され、MOSFET３８はオフ状態となる。The overcharge protection circuit prevents overcharge of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 by the following operation. Secondary batteries B1, B2
When both battery voltages are lower than 4.35V, the voltage detection circuits 35 and 36 do not emit an overcharge detection signal. Therefore, the charge inhibition signal is not generated from the delay circuit 37, and the MOSFET 38
Is not turned off. On the other hand, when the battery voltage of at least one of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is higher than 4.35V,
Either of the voltage detection circuits 35 and 36 issues an overcharge detection signal. When the overcharge detection signal is continuously output for 30 milliseconds or longer, a charge inhibition signal is generated from the delay circuit 37, and the MOSFET 38 is turned off.
【００３１】即ち、過充電保護回路は、二次電池Ｂ１、
Ｂ２の内、少なくとも一方の電池電圧が30ミリ秒以上の
時間継続して4.35Ｖ以上になると、MOSFET３８を強制的
にオフ状態として二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電を禁止し、
二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の過充電を防止するようになってい
る。一方、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の電圧が4.35Ｖを越えな
いとき、及びいずれかの電圧が4.35Ｖ以上になってもそ
の時間が30ミリ秒以下であるときは、MOSFET３８をオン
状態に保持する。That is, the overcharge protection circuit includes the secondary battery B1,
When at least one of the battery voltages of B2 continuously exceeds 4.35 V for a period of 30 ms or more, the MOSFET 38 is forcibly turned off to prohibit charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2,
The secondary batteries B1 and B2 are prevented from being overcharged. On the other hand, when the voltage of the rechargeable batteries B1 and B2 does not exceed 4.35V, and when the time is 30 milliseconds or less even when any of the voltages becomes 4.35V or more, the MOSFET 38 is kept on. .
【００３２】充電制御回路３２は、スイッチングトラン
ジスタＳＷをオンオフに切り換えて、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ
２をパルス充電する。このため、充電制御回路３２は、
二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の合計電圧を第１の設定電圧Ｖ1
（この実施例では、8.20Ｖとなる）と比較する差動アン
プ３９と、差動アンプ３９の出力によりオンオフされる
MOSFET４０と、MOSFET４０と並列に接続されたコンデン
サＣ１と、コンデンサＣ１とMOSFET４０に電力を供給す
る定電流源４１と、コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧を基準電
圧Ｅ1と比較する差動アンプ４２とを備える。差動アン
プ４２の出力信号がHighとなると、スイッチングトラン
ジスタＳＷはオン状態からオフ状態に切り換えられる。The charge control circuit 32 switches the switching transistor SW on and off to switch the secondary batteries B1, B
2 is pulse-charged. For this reason, the charge control circuit 32
The total voltage of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is set to a first set voltage V1.
(In this embodiment, it is 8.20 V) and the differential amplifier 39 is turned on and off by the output of the differential amplifier 39.
It includes a MOSFET 40, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the MOSFET 40, a constant current source 41 for supplying power to the capacitor C1 and the MOSFET 40, and a differential amplifier 42 for comparing a voltage across the capacitor C1 with a reference voltage E1. When the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes High, the switching transistor SW is switched from the ON state to the OFF state.
【００３３】この充電制御回路３２は、二次電池Ｂ１、
Ｂ２の合計電圧を第１の設定電圧Ｖ1と比較するように
しているが、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の電池電圧のばらつき
による過充電を防止するために、個々の二次電池Ｂ１、
Ｂ２の電池電圧を検出して、夫々を第１の設定電圧Ｖ1
（この場合、4.10Ｖとなる）と比較し、いずれかの二次
電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1に到達
すると差動アンプ４２の出力信号がHighとなるように構
成してもよい。The charge control circuit 32 includes a rechargeable battery B1,
Although the total voltage of B2 is compared with the first set voltage V1, in order to prevent overcharge due to the variation in the battery voltage of the secondary batteries B1, B2, the individual secondary batteries B1,
B2, and detects each of them as a first set voltage V1.
(In this case, 4.10 V), and the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes High when the battery voltage of any of the secondary batteries B1, B2 reaches the first set voltage V1. You may.
【００３４】充電終了制御回路３３は、スイッチングト
ランジスタＳＷをオフに切り換えて、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ
２の充電を終了する。このため、充電終了制御回路３３
は、差動アンプ４２の出力信号を入力するインバータ４
３と、インバータ４３の出力によりオンオフされるMOSF
ET４４と、MOSFET４４と並列に接続されたコンデンサＣ
２と、コンデンサＣ２とMOSFET４４に電力を供給する定
電流源４５と、コンデンサＣ２の両端電圧を基準電圧Ｅ
2と比較する差動アンプ４６と、差動アンプ４６の出力
信号をラッチするラッチ回路４７と、ラッチ回路４７の
ラッチ信号によりオンオフされるトランジスタ４８とを
備える。差動アンプ４２の出力信号がHighとなって設定
時間（例えば、10秒）が経過すると、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ
２はマン充電されたものとして、スイッチングトランジ
スタＳＷがオフ状態に切り換わり、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２
の充電が終了する。The charge termination control circuit 33 switches off the switching transistor SW to turn off the secondary batteries B1, B
The charging of 2 is ended. Therefore, the charge termination control circuit 33
Is an inverter 4 to which an output signal of the differential amplifier 42 is input.
3 and MOSF turned on / off by the output of the inverter 43
ET 44 and capacitor C connected in parallel with MOSFET 44
2, a constant current source 45 for supplying power to the capacitor C2 and the MOSFET 44, and a voltage across the capacitor C2 as a reference voltage E.
The differential amplifier 46 includes a differential amplifier 46 that compares the output signal of the differential amplifier 2, a latch circuit 47 that latches an output signal of the differential amplifier 46, and a transistor 48 that is turned on and off by the latch signal of the latch circuit 47. When the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes High and a set time (for example, 10 seconds) elapses, the secondary batteries B1, B
2 is assumed to have been charged by man, the switching transistor SW is turned off, and the secondary batteries B1, B2
Charging ends.
【００３５】以下、第１実施例の充電方法について説明
する。まず二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２は、定電流充電される。
そして、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の合計電圧が、第１の設定
電圧Ｖ1を越えると、差動アンプ３９の出力信号はLowと
なり、MOSFET４０はオフ状態となる。その結果、コンデ
ンサＣ１が定電流源４１により充電され、所定時間が経
過すると、コンデンサＣ１の両端電圧が基準電圧Ｅ1の
電圧を越え、差動アンプ４２の出力信号がHighとなる。
差動アンプ４２の出力信号がHighとなると、スイッチン
グトランジスタＳＷはオン状態から強制的にオフ状態に
切り換えられ、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電が休止され
る。Hereinafter, the charging method of the first embodiment will be described. First, the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are charged at a constant current.
When the total voltage of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 exceeds the first set voltage V1, the output signal of the differential amplifier 39 becomes Low, and the MOSFET 40 is turned off. As a result, when the capacitor C1 is charged by the constant current source 41 and a predetermined time has elapsed, the voltage across the capacitor C1 exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage E1, and the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes High.
When the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes High, the switching transistor SW is forcibly switched from the ON state to the OFF state, and the charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is stopped.
【００３６】即ち、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２は、その合計電
圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えてから、所定時間が経過
するまで充電された後、充電が休止される。That is, the rechargeable batteries B1 and B2 are charged until a predetermined time elapses after the total voltage exceeds the first set voltage V1, and then the charging is stopped.
【００３７】ここで、所定時間は、既述の如く、二次電
池Ｂ１、Ｂ２を過充電して劣化させない充電量の充電を
行うように設定されるものであり、所定時間内での二次
電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電量が、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の満充
電容量の10％以下となるように設定される。Here, as described above, the predetermined time is set so that the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are charged with an amount of charge that does not deteriorate due to overcharging. The charge amounts of the batteries B1 and B2 are set to be 10% or less of the full charge capacity of the secondary batteries B1 and B2.
【００３８】斯る充電休止に伴って二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２
の電池電圧は低下する。そして、電池電圧が第１の設定
電圧Ｖ1以下になると、差動アンプ３９の出力信号はHig
hとなり、MOSFET４０はオン状態となる。従って、コン
デンサＣ１がMOSFET４０を通じて放電され、差動アンプ
４２の出力信号がLowとなる。差動アンプ４２の出力信
号がLowとなると、スイッチングトランジスタＳＷはオ
フ状態から再度にオン状態に切り換えられ、二次電池Ｂ
１、Ｂ２の充電が再開される。With the suspension of charging, the secondary batteries B1, B2
Battery voltage drops. When the battery voltage becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage V1, the output signal of the differential amplifier 39 becomes Hig.
h, and the MOSFET 40 is turned on. Therefore, the capacitor C1 is discharged through the MOSFET 40, and the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes Low. When the output signal of the differential amplifier 42 becomes low, the switching transistor SW is switched from the off state to the on state again, and the secondary battery B
1, charging of B2 is restarted.
【００３９】この充電の再開により、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ
２の電池電圧は、再び第１の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えるた
め、前述と同様に、所定時間が経過すると再び充電が休
止される。以後、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２は、所定時間の充
電と、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧
Ｖ1を下回るまでの休止とを繰り返してパルス充電され
る。By resuming the charging, the secondary batteries B1, B
Since the battery voltage of the battery No. 2 exceeds the first set voltage V1 again, the charging is stopped again after a predetermined time elapses as described above. Thereafter, the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are pulse-charged by repeatedly charging for a predetermined time and stopping until the battery voltages of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 fall below the first set voltage V1.
【００４０】ところで、差動アンプ４２の出力がHighに
なると、インバータ４３の出力がLowとなって、MOSFET
４４はオフ状態となる。その結果、コンデンサＣ２が定
電流源４５により充電される。但し、差動アンプ４２の
出力が一旦Highとなっても、10秒より短い時間でLowに
変わる（即ち、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電が再開され
る）と、MOSFET４４がオフ状態からオン状態に変わるた
め、コンデンサＣ２の両端電圧は基準電圧Ｅ2を越える
ことはない。その結果、スイッチングトランジスタＳＷ
はオフ状態に切り換えられず、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充
電（即ち、前述のパルス充電）は継続される。When the output of the differential amplifier 42 goes high, the output of the inverter 43 goes low,
44 is turned off. As a result, the capacitor C2 is charged by the constant current source 45. However, even if the output of the differential amplifier 42 once becomes High, if the output is changed to Low in less than 10 seconds (that is, the charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is restarted), the MOSFET 44 is turned on from the off state. , The voltage across the capacitor C2 does not exceed the reference voltage E2. As a result, the switching transistor SW
Is not switched to the off state, and the charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 (that is, the above-described pulse charging) is continued.
【００４１】一方、差動アンプ４２の出力のHigh状態が
10秒以上継続されると、コンデンサＣ２の両端電圧は基
準電圧Ｅ2の電圧を越え、差動アンプ４６の出力信号がH
ighとなる。差動アンプ４６の出力信号がHighとなる
と、ラッチ回路４７のラッチ信号がLowとなる。その結
果、トランジスタ４８がオン状態となって、スイッチン
グトランジスタＳＷはオフ状態に切り換えられ、二次電
池Ｂ１、Ｂ２は満充電されたとして、充電が終了する。On the other hand, the high state of the output of the differential amplifier 42
If it continues for 10 seconds or more, the voltage across the capacitor C2 exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage E2, and the output signal of the differential amplifier 46 becomes H
igh. When the output signal of the differential amplifier 46 becomes High, the latch signal of the latch circuit 47 becomes Low. As a result, the transistor 48 is turned on, the switching transistor SW is turned off, and the charging is completed assuming that the secondary batteries B1 and B2 are fully charged.
【００４２】なお、二次電池Ｂ１、Ｂ２の充電を直ちに
終了せず、ラッチ信号がLowとなった後、更に任意の時
間、追加充電を行ったり、第１の設定電圧Ｖ1による定
電圧充電を行っても良い。更には、これら充電が終了し
た後、二次電池を所定量放電し、更に再充電を行うよう
にしてもよい。Note that the charging of the secondary batteries B1 and B2 is not immediately terminated, and after the latch signal goes low, additional charging is performed for an arbitrary time or constant voltage charging with the first set voltage V1 is performed. You may go. Further, after the charging is completed, the secondary battery may be discharged by a predetermined amount, and may be recharged.
【００４３】図４は第１実施例におけるパック電池３４
内に設けられた過充電保護回路の他の実施例を示してい
る。この過充電保護回路は、二次電池Ｂに直列接続され
た電流ヒューズＨと、二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が第１の設
定電圧Ｖ1を越えた状態で所定容量を越える充電が継続
した行われたことを検出する検出回路ＩＣと、検出回路
ＩＣの出力に応答して、電流ヒューズＨを溶断するため
のスイッチング動作を行う４つのスイッチＱ１〜Ｑ４を
備えている。FIG. 4 shows a battery pack 34 in the first embodiment.
5 shows another embodiment of the overcharge protection circuit provided in the inside. In this overcharge protection circuit, the current fuse H connected in series to the secondary battery B and the charging exceeding a predetermined capacity while the battery voltage of the secondary battery B exceeds the first set voltage V1 are performed. And a switch Q1 to Q4 for performing a switching operation for blowing the current fuse H in response to an output of the detection circuit IC.
【００４４】検出回路ＩＣは、二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が
第１の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えた状態で所定容量を越える充
電が継続して行われたことを検出するために、電池電圧
検出部と充電容量検出部とを有している。充電容量検出
部は、二次電池Ｂの充電が定電流で行われる場合には、
充電時間を測定して充電容量を検出する。The detection circuit IC detects a state in which the battery voltage of the secondary battery B has exceeded the first set voltage V1 and that the battery has been charged exceeding a predetermined capacity. And a charge capacity detection unit. When the charging of the secondary battery B is performed with a constant current,
The charging time is measured to detect the charging capacity.
【００４５】斯る構成において、検出回路ＩＣが、二次
電池Ｂの電池電圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えた状態で
所定容量を越える充電が継続して行われたことを検出す
ると、検出回路ＩＣの出力端子OUTよりHigh信号が出力
される。これにより、４つのスイッチＱ１〜Ｑ４がオン
状態となって、スイッチＱ４のオン状態は以後継続さ
れ、電流ヒューズＨが溶断し、二次電池Ｂの充電が完全
に阻止される。In such a configuration, when the detection circuit IC detects that charging exceeding a predetermined capacity has been continuously performed in a state where the battery voltage of the secondary battery B has exceeded the first set voltage V1, the detection circuit IC detects A High signal is output from the output terminal OUT of the circuit IC. As a result, the four switches Q1 to Q4 are turned on, the on state of the switch Q4 is continued thereafter, the current fuse H is blown, and the charging of the secondary battery B is completely prevented.
【００４６】なお、電流ヒューズに換えて、温度ヒュー
ズと加熱素子（例えば、発熱抵抗）とによるもの、また
は温度ヒューズとトランジスタとをサーモカップリング
したものを用いてもよい。Instead of the current fuse, a fuse formed by a thermal fuse and a heating element (for example, a heating resistor) or a fuse obtained by thermo-coupling a thermal fuse and a transistor may be used.
【００４７】図５は本発明の具体的な第２実施例を示し
ている。この例でも、二次電池の電池電圧が第１の設定
電圧Ｖ1に到達した後にパルス充電を行っている。FIG. 5 shows a second specific embodiment of the present invention. Also in this example, pulse charging is performed after the battery voltage of the secondary battery reaches the first set voltage V1.
【００４８】この充電回路はリチウムイオン二次電池Ｂ
を含むパック電池５０内に充電制御回路が設けられた例
を示しており、直流電源５１と、スイッチングトランジ
スタＳＷと、充電制御回路５２とを備える。This charging circuit is a lithium ion secondary battery B
This shows an example in which a charge control circuit is provided in a battery pack 50 including a DC power supply 51, a switching transistor SW, and a charge control circuit 52.
【００４９】直流電源５１は、商用電源である交流100
Ｖを、二次電池Ｂの充電に適した直流の定電圧及び定電
流（例えば、５Ｖの電圧と1.3Ａの定電流）を発生す
る。スイッチングトランジスタＳＷは、トランジスタや
MOSFET等の半導体スイッチング素子からなり、これがオ
ンオフに切り換えられて、二次電池Ｂはパルス充電され
る。The DC power supply 51 is an AC 100 which is a commercial power supply.
V generates a DC constant voltage and a constant current (for example, a voltage of 5 V and a constant current of 1.3 A) suitable for charging the secondary battery B. The switching transistor SW is a transistor or
It comprises a semiconductor switching element such as a MOSFET, which is turned on and off, and the secondary battery B is pulse-charged.
【００５０】充電制御回路５２は、スイッチングトラン
ジスタＳＷをオンオフに切り換えて、二次電池Ｂをパル
ス充電する。このため、充電制御回路５２は、二次電池
Ｂの電池電圧を第１の設定電圧Ｖ1（この実施例では、
4.10Ｖとなる）と比較する差動アンプ５３と、差動アン
プ５３の出力によりオンオフされるMOSFET５４と、MOSF
ET５４と並列に接続されたコンデンサＣと、コンデンサ
ＣとMOSFET５４に電力を供給する定電流源５５と、コン
デンサＣの両端電圧が反転閾値を越えるとLow信号を出
力するインバータ５６と、インバータ５６の出力信号に
よりオンオフされる２段のトランジスタ５７及び５８
と、スイッチングトランジスタＳＷのゲート端子に接続
されたＣＲ積分回路５９とを備える。The charge control circuit 52 switches the switching transistor SW on and off to charge the secondary battery B in pulses. For this reason, the charging control circuit 52 changes the battery voltage of the secondary battery B to the first set voltage V1 (in this embodiment,
4.10 V), a MOSFET 54 turned on and off by the output of the differential amplifier 53,
A capacitor C connected in parallel with the ET 54; a constant current source 55 for supplying power to the capacitor C and the MOSFET 54; an inverter 56 that outputs a low signal when the voltage across the capacitor C exceeds an inversion threshold; Two-stage transistors 57 and 58 which are turned on / off by a signal
And a CR integration circuit 59 connected to the gate terminal of the switching transistor SW.
【００５１】なお、定電流源５５は、二次電池Ｂの電池
電圧に比例した電流値を発生する（即ち、二次電池Ｂの
電池電圧が大きくなると大きな電流を発生する）ように
なっており、単に抵抗から構成してもよい。The constant current source 55 generates a current value proportional to the battery voltage of the secondary battery B (that is, generates a large current when the battery voltage of the secondary battery B increases). , May simply be composed of resistors.
【００５２】以下、第２実施例の充電方法について図６
の波形図を参照して説明する。まず二次電池Ｂは、定電
流充電される。そして、二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が、第１
の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えると、差動アンプ５３の出力信号
はLowとなり、MOSFET５４はオフ状態となる。その結
果、コンデンサＣが定電流源５５により充電され、所定
時間が経過すると、コンデンサＣの両端電圧がインバー
タ５６の反転閾値を越え、インバータ５６の出力信号が
Lowとなる。これにより、２段のトランジスタ５７及び
５８は共にオン状態となって、スイッチングトランジス
タＳＷはオン状態から強制的にオフ状態に切り換えら
れ、二次電池Ｂの充電が休止される。Hereinafter, the charging method of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to the waveform diagram of FIG. First, the secondary battery B is charged at a constant current. The battery voltage of the secondary battery B is
Exceeds the set voltage V1, the output signal of the differential amplifier 53 becomes low, and the MOSFET 54 is turned off. As a result, the capacitor C is charged by the constant current source 55, and when a predetermined time has elapsed, the voltage across the capacitor C exceeds the inversion threshold of the inverter 56, and the output signal of the inverter 56 becomes
Low. As a result, the two-stage transistors 57 and 58 are both turned on, the switching transistor SW is forcibly switched from the on-state to the off-state, and the charging of the secondary battery B is stopped.
【００５３】即ち、二次電池Ｂは、その電池電圧が第１
の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えてから、所定時間が経過するまで
充電された後、充電が休止される。That is, the secondary battery B has a battery voltage of the first
Is charged until a predetermined time elapses after the set voltage V1 is exceeded, and then the charging is stopped.
【００５４】この実施例においても第１実施例と同様
に、所定時間とは、二次電池Ｂを過充電して劣化させな
い充電量の充電を行うように設定されたものであり、所
定時間内での二次電池Ｂの充電量が、二次電池Ｂの満充
電容量の10％以下となるように設定される。In this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the predetermined time is set so that the secondary battery B is charged so as not to be overcharged and deteriorated. Is set so that the charge amount of the secondary battery B at the time is not more than 10% of the full charge capacity of the secondary battery B.
【００５５】斯る充電休止に伴って二次電池Ｂの電池電
圧は低下する。そして、電池電圧が第１の設定電圧Ｖ1
以下になると、差動アンプ５３の出力信号はHighとな
り、MOSFET５４はオン状態となる。従って、コンデンサ
ＣがMOSFET５４を通じて放電され、インバータ５６の出
力信号がHighとなる。インバータ５６の出力信号がHigh
となると、２段のトランジスタ５７及び５８は共にオフ
状態となる。この時、ＣＲ積分回路５９により、トラン
ジスタ５８がオフ状態となってからＣＲ積分回路５９の
時定数経過後に、スイッチングトランジスタＳＷはオフ
状態から再度にオン状態に切り換えられ、二次電池Ｂの
充電が再開される。With the suspension of charging, the battery voltage of the secondary battery B decreases. Then, the battery voltage is changed to the first set voltage V1.
Below this, the output signal of the differential amplifier 53 becomes High, and the MOSFET 54 is turned on. Therefore, the capacitor C is discharged through the MOSFET 54, and the output signal of the inverter 56 becomes High. The output signal of the inverter 56 is High
Then, the two-stage transistors 57 and 58 are both turned off. At this time, after the time constant of the CR integration circuit 59 elapses after the transistor 58 is turned off by the CR integration circuit 59, the switching transistor SW is switched from the off state to the on state again, and the charging of the secondary battery B is stopped. Will be resumed.
【００５６】即ち、二次電池Ｂの充電初期にあっては、
充電が休止すると即座に二次電池Ｂの電池電圧が第１の
設定電圧Ｖ1以下となるが、スイッチングトランジスタ
ＳＷがオン状態となるまでには、ＣＲ積分回路５９の時
定数の時間を要する、換言すれば、充電休止時間は、少
なくともＣＲ積分回路５９の時定数に相当する時間だけ
確保される。That is, in the initial stage of charging the secondary battery B,
When the charging is stopped, the battery voltage of the secondary battery B immediately becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage V1, but it takes a time constant of the CR integration circuit 59 until the switching transistor SW is turned on. Then, the charging suspension time is secured at least for a time corresponding to the time constant of the CR integration circuit 59.
【００５７】充電が再開されると、二次電池Ｂの電池電
圧は、再び第１の設定電圧Ｖ1を越えるため、前述と同
様に、所定時間が経過すると再び充電が休止される。以
後、二次電池Ｂは充電と休止とを繰り返してパルス充電
される。When the charging is restarted, the battery voltage of the secondary battery B again exceeds the first set voltage V1, so that the charging is stopped again after a predetermined time elapses, as described above. Thereafter, the secondary battery B is pulse-charged by repeating charging and resting.
【００５８】ここで、定電流源５５が二次電池の電池電
圧Ｂに比例する電流を発生するため、前記所定時間は、
二次電池Ｂの電池電圧に反比例して短くなる。よって、
二次電池Ｂのパルス充電は、二次電池Ｂの充電が進むに
従って、充電時間が短くなり、また休止時間が長くなる
ような形態で行われることとなる。これにより、二次電
池Ｂが満充電状態に近付くにつれて、二次電池Ｂが高電
圧状態に晒されることを抑制し、二次電池Ｂの劣化を防
止するという効果がある。Here, since the constant current source 55 generates a current proportional to the battery voltage B of the secondary battery, the predetermined time is:
It becomes shorter in inverse proportion to the battery voltage of the secondary battery B. Therefore,
The pulse charging of the secondary battery B is performed in such a manner that the charging time becomes shorter and the pause time becomes longer as the charging of the secondary battery B progresses. Thereby, as the secondary battery B approaches a fully charged state, there is an effect that the secondary battery B is prevented from being exposed to a high voltage state, and the secondary battery B is prevented from being deteriorated.
【００５９】ところで、図５に示す回路において、二次
電池Ｂの＋端子とトランジスタ５８のベース端子との間
にツェナダイオードを逆バイアス方向に接続することに
より、二次電池Ｂの過電圧充電保護を行うことができ
る。即ち、直流電源５１の故障等によって二次電池Ｂに
過電圧が印加されると、ツェナダイオード及びトランジ
スタ５８はオン状態となるため、スイッチングトランジ
スタＳＷがオフ状態となり、二次電池Ｂの充電が禁止さ
れる。In the circuit shown in FIG. 5, a Zener diode is connected in the reverse bias direction between the + terminal of the secondary battery B and the base terminal of the transistor 58 to protect the secondary battery B from overvoltage charging. It can be carried out. That is, when an overvoltage is applied to the secondary battery B due to failure of the DC power supply 51 or the like, the Zener diode and the transistor 58 are turned on, the switching transistor SW is turned off, and charging of the secondary battery B is prohibited. You.
【００６０】これは、二次電池Ｂの−端子とトランジス
タ５８のベース端子との間にダイオードを順バイアス方
向に接続することでも達成できる。This can also be achieved by connecting a diode between the minus terminal of the secondary battery B and the base terminal of the transistor 58 in the forward bias direction.
【００６１】以上のように、本発明は、二次電池を所定
容量だけ充電した後、二次電池の充電を休止する。そし
て、この休止中に二次電池の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧
Ｖ1以下になると二次電池の充電を開始する。以後これ
を繰り返して二次電池をパルス充電するものである。As described above, according to the present invention, after charging the secondary battery by a predetermined capacity, charging of the secondary battery is stopped. When the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage V1 during this pause, charging of the secondary battery is started. Thereafter, this is repeated to pulse-charge the secondary battery.
【００６２】ところで、本発明の充電方法によれば、図
１に示すように、充電の休止時間が次第に長くなるた
め、平均充電電流も次第に少なくなる。従って、平均充
電電流を測定することにより、二次電池の充電状態を認
識することができる。これを利用して、二次電池の充電
量表示を行ったり、あるいは、満充電検出を行うことが
可能である。By the way, according to the charging method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the pause time of charging gradually increases, so that the average charging current also gradually decreases. Therefore, the state of charge of the secondary battery can be recognized by measuring the average charging current. By utilizing this, it is possible to display the charge amount of the secondary battery or to detect the full charge.
【００６３】更に、充電休止中の電池電圧を検出し、こ
の電池電圧に基づいて二次電池の充電状態を認識するこ
ともできる。また、充電の休止として、第１の設定電圧
Ｖ1による定電圧充電を行う場合には、斯る定電圧充電
時の充電電流の大きさを検出することにより、二次電池
の充電状態を認識することもできる。Further, it is possible to detect the battery voltage during charging suspension, and recognize the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the battery voltage. Further, when performing constant voltage charging with the first set voltage V1 as a pause of charging, the state of charge of the secondary battery is recognized by detecting the magnitude of the charging current during the constant voltage charging. You can also.
【００６４】[0064]
【発明の効果】本発明は、充電と休止とを繰り返して二
次電池をパルス充電する方法であって、１パルス当りの
充電として前記二次電池を所定容量だけ充電した後に前
記二次電池の充電を休止し、この休止中に前記二次電池
の電池電圧が第１の設定電圧以下になると前記二次電池
の充電を再開することを繰り返して前記二次電池をパル
ス充電するので、二次電池の電池性能を劣化させること
なく、二次電池を短時間で急速充電することができる。The present invention relates to a method of pulse charging a secondary battery by repeating charging and resting, and charging the secondary battery by a predetermined capacity as charging per pulse. The charging is paused, and when the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or lower than the first set voltage during the pause, the charging of the secondary battery is restarted, and the secondary battery is pulse-charged. The secondary battery can be rapidly charged in a short time without deteriorating the battery performance of the battery.
【図１】本発明の基本原理を示す波形図FIG. 1 is a waveform chart showing the basic principle of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の基本回路を示す概略ブロック回路図FIG. 2 is a schematic block circuit diagram showing a basic circuit of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第１実施例を示す回路図FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の第１実施例における過充電保護回路の
他の例を示す回路図FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the overcharge protection circuit in the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の第２実施例を示す回路図FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の第２実施例における動作を示す波形図FIG. 6 is a waveform chart showing the operation in the second embodiment of the present invention.
２１ 直流電源 ２２ 充電電流検出回路 ２３ 充電制御回路 ＳＷ１〜ＳＷ４ 第１〜第４スイッチ Reference Signs List 21 DC power supply 22 Charging current detection circuit 23 Charging control circuit SW1 to SW4 First to fourth switches
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| US08/748,631US5747969A (en) | 1995-11-21 | 1996-11-13 | Method of charging a rechargeable battery with pulses of a predetermined amount of charge |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP7-92470 | 1995-04-18 | ||
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| JP7302950AJP3005460B2 (en) | 1995-04-18 | 1995-11-21 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11616382B2 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2023-03-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Battery management |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH097641A (en) | 1997-01-10 |
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