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JP2014098126A - Circulation-type fluidized-bed gasification furnace - Google Patents

Circulation-type fluidized-bed gasification furnace
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JP2014098126A
JP2014098126AJP2012251783AJP2012251783AJP2014098126AJP 2014098126 AJP2014098126 AJP 2014098126AJP 2012251783 AJP2012251783 AJP 2012251783AJP 2012251783 AJP2012251783 AJP 2012251783AJP 2014098126 AJP2014098126 AJP 2014098126A
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gasification furnace
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Toshiyuki Suda
俊之 須田
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance gasification efficiency of a gasification furnace, and to prevent fluidity deterioration of unreacted particles caused by steam condensed by a temperature drop of a take-out tube for taking out the unreacted particles separated by a particle separator.SOLUTION: A circulation-type fluidized-bed gasification furnace includes a gasification furnace 1 where a fluidized bed 5 of a fluid medium 4 is formed by steam 3 and a raw material 2 is gasified in the fluidized bed 5 to form a gasified gas 6 and inflammable solids 7, a combustion furnace 8 that receives the fluid medium and inflammable solids of the gasification furnace through an overflow pipe 9 and burns the inflammable solids to heat the fluid medium, a medium separator 16 for separating the fluid medium from a combustion gas 14 of the combustion furnace to supply the fluid medium to the gasification furnace, sealing means 10 that is installed in the overflow pipe 9 and forms a particle holding part A to inhibit gas movement between the gasification furnace and combustion furnace, and a particle separator 24 that receives the gasified gas of the gasification furnace to separate unreacted particles 25. A take-out tube 26 for taking out the unreacted particles 25 separated by the particle separator 24 is connected to the particle holding part A of the sealing means 10.

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Translated fromJapanese

本発明は、循環流動層ガス化炉に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed gasifier.

近年、石油に代えて、石炭やバイオマス等の有機固体原料をガス化してガス化ガスを生成する技術が開発されている。生成したガス化ガスは、複合発電システムの燃料として利用され、或いは、水素の製造、合成燃料(合成天然ガス、合成石油)の製造、化学肥料(尿素)等の化学製品の製造等に利用されている。上記ガス化ガス製造の原料となる有機固体原料のうち、特に石炭は、石油に比して可採年数が長いことが分かっており、又、石油と比較して埋蔵地が偏在しておらず且つ埋蔵量が大きいことから、長期に亘り安定供給が可能な天然資源として期待されている。  In recent years, a technology has been developed that gasifies organic solid raw materials such as coal and biomass to generate gasified gas instead of petroleum. The generated gasification gas is used as a fuel for a combined power generation system, or used for the production of hydrogen, the production of synthetic fuel (synthetic natural gas, synthetic petroleum), the production of chemical products such as chemical fertilizer (urea), etc. ing. Among the organic solid raw materials used as the raw materials for gasification gas production, coal is known to have a longer harvestable period than petroleum, and reserves are not unevenly distributed compared to petroleum. Moreover, since the reserves are large, it is expected as a natural resource that can be stably supplied over a long period of time.

従来、このような石炭をガス化する技術としては、酸素や空気を用いて石炭を部分酸化してガス化することが行われていたが、かかる従来のガス化技術では、1800℃程度の高温、3MPa程度の高圧を保持する必要があるため、特別な耐熱、耐圧材料を必要とし、ガス化炉のコストが高くなる傾向にあった。  Conventionally, as a technology for gasifying such coal, it has been performed to partially oxidize and gasify coal using oxygen or air, but in such conventional gasification technology, a high temperature of about 1800 ° C. Since it is necessary to maintain a high pressure of about 3 MPa, special heat and pressure resistant materials are required, and the cost of the gasifier tends to increase.

この間題を解決するために、水蒸気を利用し、700℃〜900℃程度の比較的低温で且つ略常圧において石炭をガス化する技術が開発されている。この技術によれば、温度および圧力を低く設定できるため、体熱、耐圧構造が不要となり設備コストを低減できるメリットがある。  In order to solve this problem, a technique for gasifying coal using steam at a relatively low temperature of about 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. and at a substantially normal pressure has been developed. According to this technology, since the temperature and pressure can be set low, there is an advantage that the body heat and pressure-resistant structure are not required and the equipment cost can be reduced.

水蒸気を用いた流動層ガス化炉では、例えば800℃以上の高温に保持した砂等の流動媒体をガス化炉に供給すると共に、当該ガス化炉の下部から水蒸気を供給して流動層を形成し、該流動層にガス化する有機固体原料を投入して流動加熱することにより、原料をガス化してガス化ガスを取り出すようにしている。  In a fluidized bed gasification furnace using steam, for example, a fluidized medium such as sand kept at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher is supplied to the gasification furnace, and steam is supplied from the lower part of the gasification furnace to form a fluidized bed. In addition, an organic solid raw material to be gasified is introduced into the fluidized bed and fluidized and heated, whereby the raw material is gasified and the gasified gas is taken out.

上記したように、水蒸気を用いた流動層ガス化炉では、流動層において流動媒体により有機固体原料を加熱し、その加熱した原料に水蒸気を接触させることでガス化を行っているため、このような水蒸気ガス化反応では、前記部分酸化によるガス化方式に比して比較的長い反応時間(滞留時間)が必要となる。このため、水蒸気ガス化を行う際には、原料の滞留時間が確保されるように比較的大きな容積を備えた流動層ガス化炉が用いられている。  As described above, in a fluidized bed gasification furnace using water vapor, gasification is performed by heating an organic solid raw material with a fluid medium in a fluidized bed and bringing the heated raw material into contact with water vapor. Such a steam gasification reaction requires a relatively long reaction time (residence time) as compared with the gasification method using partial oxidation. For this reason, when steam gasification is performed, a fluidized bed gasification furnace having a relatively large volume is used so that the residence time of the raw material is ensured.

従来の流動層ガス化炉としては、水蒸気により原料を吹き上げつつ原料のガス化を行うガス化炉を備え、該ガス化炉の上部から取り出したガス化ガスを粒子分離器(サイクロン)に導いてガス化ガス中に含まれる未反応粒子を分離し、分離した未反応粒子の一部は前記ガス化炉に供給し、又、分離した未反応粒子の残りは、太陽光の熱を利用して熱交換により加熱するようにした加熱器に導いて加熱した後、前記ガス化炉に供給するようにしたものがある(特許文献1参照)。  As a conventional fluidized bed gasification furnace, a gasification furnace that gasifies the raw material while blowing the raw material with water vapor is provided, and the gasification gas taken out from the upper part of the gasification furnace is led to a particle separator (cyclone). Unreacted particles contained in the gasification gas are separated, a part of the separated unreacted particles are supplied to the gasification furnace, and the remaining unreacted particles are utilized by the heat of sunlight. There is one in which the gasification furnace is heated after being led to a heater that is heated by heat exchange (see Patent Document 1).

特開平07−082574号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-082574

しかし、特許文献1に示す流動層ガス化炉では、粒子分離器で分離して取り出される未反応粒子は外気によって冷却され、更に、太陽光の熱と熱交換して未反応粒子の一部を加熱する加熱器は、太陽光から得られる入熱が不安定であること、及び、熱交換による加熱は効率が低いことから、流動層ガス化炉に供給される未反応粒子の温度を十分に高められない可能性がある。このため、温度が低い未反応粒子を取出管によってガス化炉に供給する際には、取出管の温度が水蒸気の凝縮温度以下に低下し、取出管内に凝縮した水と未反応粒子が固着して未反応粒子の流動性を悪化させる可能性がある。  However, in the fluidized bed gasification furnace shown inPatent Document 1, unreacted particles separated and taken out by the particle separator are cooled by the outside air, and further, part of the unreacted particles are exchanged with the heat of sunlight. Since the heat input obtained from sunlight is unstable and the heating by heat exchange is low in efficiency, the temperature of the unreacted particles supplied to the fluidized bed gasification furnace is sufficiently high. It may not be increased. For this reason, when unreacted particles having a low temperature are supplied to the gasification furnace through the extraction pipe, the temperature of the extraction pipe falls below the condensation temperature of the water vapor, and the condensed water and unreacted particles are fixed in the extraction pipe. This may deteriorate the fluidity of the unreacted particles.

本発明は、循環流動層ガス化炉において、ガス化ガスに含まれる未反応粒子を分離する粒子分離器からの未反応粒子を取出管により取出して利用する際に、取出管の温度が低下することによって、取出管内に水が凝縮し未反応粒子が固着することにより未反応粒子の流動性が悪化する問題を防止できるようにした循環流動層ガス化炉を提供することを目的としている。  In the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace according to the present invention, when unreacted particles from a particle separator that separates unreacted particles contained in the gasified gas are extracted and used by the extraction tube, the temperature of the extraction tube decreases. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace capable of preventing the problem that the fluidity of unreacted particles deteriorates due to the condensation of water in the take-out pipe and the adhering of unreacted particles.

本発明は、水蒸気により流動媒体を流動化して流動層を形成すると共に、流動層に投入した原料を流動媒体が有する熱でガス化してガス化ガスと可燃性固形分を生成するガス化炉と、
該ガス化炉の流動媒体と可燃性固形分を、オーバーフロー管を介して導入し、可燃性固形分を燃焼させて流動媒体を加熱する燃焼炉と、
前記燃焼炉からの燃焼ガスを導入して流動媒体と排ガスとに分離し、分離した流動媒体を前記ガス化炉に供給する媒体分離器と、
前記オーバーフロー管に備えられ、前記流動媒体と可燃性固形分を内部に満たして順次下流側へ送り出す粒子貯留部を形成し、前記ガス化炉と前記燃焼炉との間のガスの移動を遮断するシール手段と、
前記ガス化炉で生成したガス化ガスを導入してガス化ガス中の未反応粒子を分離し、分離した未反応粒子を取出管により取り出すようにした粒子分離器と、
を有する循環流動層ガス化炉であって、
前記粒子分離器で分離した未反応粒子を取り出す取出管を、前記シール手段の粒子貯留部に接続したことを特徴とする循環流動層ガス化炉、に係るものである。
The present invention comprises a gasification furnace that fluidizes a fluidized medium with water vapor to form a fluidized bed, and gasifies a raw material charged into the fluidized bed with heat of the fluidized medium to generate gasified gas and combustible solids. ,
A combustion furnace for introducing the fluidizing medium and combustible solids of the gasification furnace through an overflow pipe, burning the combustible solids and heating the fluidizing medium;
A medium separator for introducing the combustion gas from the combustion furnace to separate into a fluid medium and exhaust gas and supplying the separated fluid medium to the gasification furnace;
Provided in the overflow pipe to form a particle storage part that fills the fluid medium and combustible solid content and sequentially sends it to the downstream side, and blocks gas movement between the gasification furnace and the combustion furnace. Sealing means;
A particle separator that introduces the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace to separate unreacted particles in the gasification gas, and takes out the separated unreacted particles through an extraction pipe;
A circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace comprising:
The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace characterized in that an extraction pipe for taking out unreacted particles separated by the particle separator is connected to a particle storage part of the sealing means.

上記循環流動層ガス化炉において、前記シール手段は、傾斜したオーバーフロー管の途中から下方に曲げられた上流側縦管と、該上流側縦管の下方から横方向に延びた横管と、該横管の端部と前記オーバーフロー管の下流部との間を接続する下流側縦管とを有して粒子貯留部を形成し、且つ、前記横管に流動化ガスを供給して粒子貯留部の流動媒体と可燃性固形分を順次下流側へ送り出す流動化ノズルを備えた抜出ループシールであり、前記取出管は、前記抜出ループシールの上流側縦管、又は、横管に接続することが好ましい。  In the above circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, the sealing means includes an upstream vertical pipe bent downward from an inclined overflow pipe, a horizontal pipe extending laterally from below the upstream vertical pipe, A particle storage section having a downstream vertical pipe connecting between an end of the horizontal pipe and a downstream section of the overflow pipe, and supplying a fluidizing gas to the horizontal pipe to store the particle storage section The extraction loop seal is provided with a fluidizing nozzle that sequentially feeds the fluid medium and combustible solids to the downstream side, and the extraction pipe is connected to the upstream vertical pipe or the horizontal pipe of the extraction loop seal. It is preferable.

本発明によれば、ガス化ガスの未反応粒子を分離する粒子分離器からの未反応粒子を取出管により取出して利用する際に、取出管の温度を高く保持することができ、取出管内に水が凝縮する問題は防止される。よって、未反応粒子は、粒子貯留部の高温の流動媒体及び可燃性固形分と共に安定して燃焼炉に供給され、加熱用燃料の一部として利用されるという優れた効果を奏し得る。  According to the present invention, when the unreacted particles from the particle separator for separating the unreacted particles of the gasification gas are taken out and used by the take-out pipe, the temperature of the take-out pipe can be kept high, and the inside of the take-out pipe is The problem of water condensation is prevented. Therefore, the unreacted particles can be stably supplied to the combustion furnace together with the high-temperature fluid medium and the combustible solid content in the particle storage portion, and can have an excellent effect of being used as part of the heating fuel.

本発明を適用した循環流動層ガス化炉の概略的な構成を示す側面図である。It is a side view showing a schematic structure of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace to which the present invention is applied.(a)は図1における主要部の構成の一実施例を示す側面図、(b)は図1における主要部の構成の他の実施例を示す側面図である。(A) is a side view which shows one Example of a structure of the principal part in FIG. 1, (b) is a side view which shows the other Example of a structure of the principal part in FIG.ガス化ガスに含まれる未反応粒子を分離する粒子分離器からの未反応粒子を循環流動層ガス化炉のガス化炉に供給するようにした場合の側面図である。It is a side view at the time of supplying unreacted particles from the particle separator which isolate | separates the unreacted particles contained in gasification gas to the gasification furnace of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace.

以下に図面を参照しつつ本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は本発明を適用する循環流動層ガス化炉の概略的な構成を示す側面図であり、該循環流動層ガス化炉は、ガス化炉1と燃焼炉8を有している。前記ガス化炉1には、例えば石炭からなる有機固体原料2がガス化炉1の一側(右側壁)の原料投入口2aから投入され、且つ、ガス化剤としての水蒸気によるガス化炉流動用ガス3が下部から供給されて流動媒体4(硅砂等)の流動層5を形成することにより前記原料2のガス化を行い、ガス化ガス6と未反応の可燃性固形分7(チャー)とを生成する。  FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace to which the present invention is applied. The circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace includes agasification furnace 1 and acombustion furnace 8. In thegasifier 1, for example, an organic solidraw material 2 made of coal is supplied from a raw material input port 2 a on one side (right side wall) of thegasifier 1, and the gasifier flows with water vapor as a gasifying agent. Theraw material 2 is gasified by supplying the workinggas 3 from below to form a fluidizedbed 5 of a fluidized medium 4 (eg, sand), and the gasifiedgas 6 and unreacted combustible solid content 7 (char) And generate

一方、前記燃焼炉8は、前記ガス化炉1内の流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7を、前記ガス化炉1の他側(原料投入口2aとは反対側の左側壁)に備えたオーバーフロー管9及び該オーバーフロー管9の途中に備えたシール手段10(抜出ループシール11)を介して導入し、空気又は酸素等の燃焼炉流動用ガス12の供給により前記可燃性固形分7を燃焼させて流動媒体4を加熱しつつ吹き上げるようになっている。  On the other hand, thecombustion furnace 8 includes the fluidizedmedium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 in thegasification furnace 1 on the other side of the gasification furnace 1 (the left side wall opposite to the raw material charging port 2a). The combustiblesolid content 7 is introduced by supplying anoverflow pipe 9 and a sealing means 10 (extraction loop seal 11) provided in the middle of theoverflow pipe 9 and supplying a combustionfurnace flow gas 12 such as air or oxygen. The fluidizedmedium 4 is blown up while being heated by burning.

前記抜出ループシール11は、ガス化炉1の出口1'に下り勾配になるように接続したオーバーフロー管9の途中から下方に曲げた上流側縦管11aと、該上流側縦管11aの下方(下端)から燃焼炉8側に向けて横方向に延びた横管11bと、該横管11bの端部と前記オーバーフロー管9の下流部9'との間を接続する下流側縦管11cとを有して、内部に前記流動媒体4と可燃性固形分7が満たされた粒子貯留部Aを形成している。更に、前記横管11bには水蒸気等の流動化ガスを下側から供給する流動化ノズル13が設けてあり、前記ガス化炉1の流動層5からオーバーフロー管9に流出して粒子貯留部Aを満たしている流動媒体4と可燃性固形分7は、流動化ノズル13からの流動化ガスにより流動化して順次燃焼炉8に供給されるようになっている。そして、前記ガス化炉1と前記燃焼炉8の間は、前記抜出ループシール11の粒子貯留部Aによって、ガスの移動が確実に遮断(ガスシール)される。前記抜出ループシール11の粒子貯留部Aは、上流側縦管11aよりも上側のオーバーフロー管9内部における前記出口1'に近い高さ位置まで形成されている。  Theextraction loop seal 11 includes an upstreamvertical pipe 11a bent downward from the middle of theoverflow pipe 9 connected to theoutlet 1 ′ of thegasification furnace 1 so as to be inclined downward, and a lower side of the upstreamvertical pipe 11a. Ahorizontal pipe 11b extending in the horizontal direction from the (lower end) toward thecombustion furnace 8, and a downstreamvertical pipe 11c connecting the end of thehorizontal pipe 11b and thedownstream portion 9 ′ of theoverflow pipe 9; The particle storage part A in which thefluid medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 are filled is formed. Further, thehorizontal pipe 11b is provided with a fluidizingnozzle 13 for supplying a fluidizing gas such as water vapor from the lower side, and flows out from the fluidizedbed 5 of thegasification furnace 1 to theoverflow pipe 9 to be stored in the particle reservoir A. Thefluid medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 satisfying the above conditions are fluidized by the fluidizing gas from the fluidizingnozzle 13 and sequentially supplied to thecombustion furnace 8. The gas movement between thegasification furnace 1 and thecombustion furnace 8 is reliably blocked (gas seal) by the particle storage part A of theextraction loop seal 11. The particle storage part A of theextraction loop seal 11 is formed to a height position close to theoutlet 1 ′ in theoverflow pipe 9 above the upstream sidevertical pipe 11a.

前記燃焼炉8の上部から吹き出される燃焼ガス14は燃焼ガス管15により媒体分離器16(サイクロン)に導かれて流動媒体4と排ガス17とに分離され、分離した流動媒体4は媒体流下管18及び該媒体流下管18の途中に備えた前記シール手段10と同様のシール手段19を介して前記ガス化炉1に供給される。前記シール手段19はガス化炉1内のガス化ガス6が媒体分離器16に導かれるのを遮断している。  Thecombustion gas 14 blown out from the upper part of thecombustion furnace 8 is guided to a medium separator 16 (cyclone) by acombustion gas pipe 15 and separated into afluid medium 4 and an exhaust gas 17, and theseparated fluid medium 4 is a medium flow down pipe. 18 and the sealing means 19 similar to the sealing means 10 provided in the middle of themedium flow pipe 18 are supplied to thegasifier 1. The sealing means 19 blocks thegasification gas 6 in thegasification furnace 1 from being guided to themedium separator 16.

尚、図1中、20は前記ガス化炉1の底部に形成されたウインドボックス、21は該ウインドボックス20へ導入されるガス化炉流動用ガス3をガス化炉1内部へ均一に吹き込んで流動層5を形成するための多数の散気ノズル21aを有する散気板、22は前記燃焼炉8の底部に形成されたウインドボックス、23は該ウインドボックス22へ導入される燃焼炉流動用ガス12を燃焼炉8内部へ均一に吹き込んで流動燃焼させるための多数の散気ノズル23aを有する散気板である。  In FIG. 1,reference numeral 20 denotes a wind box formed at the bottom of thegasification furnace 1, and 21 denotes a gasificationfurnace flow gas 3 introduced into thewindbox 20 and uniformly blown into thegasification furnace 1. A diffuser plate having a large number ofdiffuser nozzles 21 a for forming the fluidizedbed 5, 22 is a wind box formed at the bottom of thecombustion furnace 8, and 23 is a combustion furnace flow gas introduced into thewind box 22. 12 is a diffuser plate having a large number ofdiffuser nozzles 23a for uniformly injecting 12 into thecombustion furnace 8 for fluid combustion.

図1には、前記ガス化炉1から取り出すガス化ガス6に含まれる未反応粒子25を分離する粒子分離器24(サイクロン)が設けてあり、該粒子分離器24で分離した未反応粒子25を取り出す取出管26を、前記オーバーフロー管9に備えたシール手段10の粒子貯留部Aに接続している。これにより、取出管26から落下供給される前記未反応粒子25を、前記粒子貯留部Aの流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7と共に燃焼炉8に供給して、流動媒体4を加熱するための燃料の一部として利用するようにした本発明の主要部の構成を備えている。図1では、前記粒子分離器24は前記シール手段10の直上に配置してあり、取出管26から流下してくる未反応粒子25はシール手段10の粒子貯留部Aに鉛直に供給されるようにしている。  In FIG. 1, a particle separator 24 (cyclone) for separatingunreacted particles 25 contained in thegasification gas 6 taken out from thegasification furnace 1 is provided, andunreacted particles 25 separated by theparticle separator 24 are provided. The take-out pipe 26 for taking out is connected to the particle storage part A of the sealing means 10 provided in theoverflow pipe 9. Thereby, theunreacted particles 25 dropped and supplied from the take-out pipe 26 are supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 together with thefluid medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 of the particle reservoir A to heat thefluid medium 4. The main part of the present invention is used as part of the fuel. In FIG. 1, theparticle separator 24 is disposed immediately above the sealing means 10, and theunreacted particles 25 flowing down from the take-outpipe 26 are supplied vertically to the particle reservoir A of the sealing means 10. I have to.

図2(a)は図1における主要部の構成の一実施例を示すもので、図2(a)の実施例では、前記粒子分離器24からの未反応粒子25を導く取出管26の下端を、前記シール手段10を構成する抜出ループシール11の上流側縦管11aの上端直上に接続している。尚、前記取出管26は、その下端を前記上流側縦管11aの上端直上に接続する以外に、上流側縦管11aにおける上下の途中に接続するようにしてもよい。  FIG. 2 (a) shows an embodiment of the configuration of the main part in FIG. 1. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 (a), the lower end of theextraction pipe 26 for guiding theunreacted particles 25 from theparticle separator 24. Is connected directly above the upper end of the upstreamvertical pipe 11a of theextraction loop seal 11 constituting the sealing means 10. In addition, you may make it connect the said extraction pipe |tube 26 in the middle of the upper and lower sides in the upstreamvertical pipe 11a other than connecting the lower end just above the upper end of the said upstreamvertical pipe 11a.

図2(b)は図1における主要部の構成の他の実施例を示すもので、図2(b)の実施例では、前記粒子分離器24からの未反応粒子25を導く取出管26の下端を、前記シール手段10を構成する抜出ループシール11の横管11bに接続している。  FIG. 2 (b) shows another embodiment of the configuration of the main part in FIG. 1. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 (b), anextraction pipe 26 for guidingunreacted particles 25 from theparticle separator 24 is shown. The lower end is connected to thehorizontal tube 11 b of theextraction loop seal 11 constituting the sealing means 10.

次に、上記実施例の作動を説明する。  Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

図1の循環流動層ガス化炉において、通常の運転時には、ガス化剤としての水蒸気によるガス化炉流動用ガス3によりガス化炉1の散気板21上に流動層5が形成され、この流動層5上に石炭等の原料2を投入して該原料2のガス化を行うことにより、ガス化ガス6と可燃性固形分7が生成される。ガス化炉1で生成した可燃性固形分7は流動媒体4と共にオーバーフロー管9及び抜出ループシール11を介して燃焼炉8の散気板23上に供給され、下部から供給される燃焼炉流動用ガス12により可燃性固形分7が燃焼することにより流動媒体4を加熱する。燃焼炉8の上部から取り出される燃焼ガス14は、燃焼ガス管15を介して媒体分離器16に導入され、該媒体分離器16において、前記燃焼ガス14から流動媒体4を分離し、該分離した流動媒体4は媒体流下管18及びシール手段19を介して前記ガス化炉1に戻され、循環する。  In the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace of FIG. 1, during normal operation, afluidized bed 5 is formed on thediffuser plate 21 of thegasification furnace 1 by the gasificationfurnace flow gas 3 using water vapor as a gasifying agent. By introducing theraw material 2 such as coal on thefluidized bed 5 and gasifying theraw material 2, agasified gas 6 and a combustiblesolid content 7 are generated. The combustiblesolid content 7 generated in thegasification furnace 1 is supplied to thediffusion plate 23 of thecombustion furnace 8 through theoverflow pipe 9 and theextraction loop seal 11 together with thefluid medium 4, and the combustion furnace flow supplied from the lower part. Thefluid medium 4 is heated by burning the combustiblesolid content 7 by the workinggas 12. Thecombustion gas 14 taken out from the upper part of thecombustion furnace 8 is introduced into themedium separator 16 via thecombustion gas pipe 15, and thefluid separator 4 is separated from thecombustion gas 14 in themedium separator 16 and separated. Thefluid medium 4 is returned to thegasification furnace 1 through themedium flow pipe 18 and the sealing means 19 and circulated.

従って、燃焼炉8で加熱された高温の流動媒体4が供給されるガス化炉1では、原料供給口2aから供給される原料2は熱分解により熱分解ガスを生成し、更に、残渣原料が水蒸気と反応することによって、水性ガス化反応[C+H2O=H2+CO]や水素転換反応[CO+H2O=H2+CO2]が起こり、H2やCO等の可燃性のガス化ガス6を生成する。Therefore, in thegasification furnace 1 to which the high-temperature fluid medium 4 heated in thecombustion furnace 8 is supplied, theraw material 2 supplied from the raw material supply port 2a generates pyrolysis gas by pyrolysis, and further, the residual raw material is By reacting with water vapor, water gasification reaction [C + H2 O = H2 + CO] and hydrogen conversion reaction [CO + H2 O = H2 + CO2 ] occur, andcombustible gasification gas 6 such as H2 andCO 6 Is generated.

上記循環流動層ガス化炉では、ガス化炉1の一側に設けた原料投入口2aから供給された原料2が、流動層5の内部を流動してガス化された後、他側に設けたオーバーフロー管9により可燃性固形分7となって取り出されるため、ガス化炉1内での原料2の滞留時間が十分長く確保され、よって、原料2のガス化効率を高めることができる。  In the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, theraw material 2 supplied from the raw material input port 2a provided on one side of thegasification furnace 1 flows through the inside of thefluidized bed 5 and is gasified, and then provided on the other side. In addition, since the combustiblesolid content 7 is taken out by theoverflow pipe 9, the residence time of theraw material 2 in thegasification furnace 1 is secured sufficiently long, and thus the gasification efficiency of theraw material 2 can be increased.

前記ガス化炉1で生成したガス化ガス6は、粒子分離器24に導かれて未反応粒子25が分離された清浄なガス化ガス6となって導出される。  Thegasification gas 6 generated in thegasification furnace 1 is led to theparticle separator 24 and is led out as aclean gasification gas 6 from whichunreacted particles 25 are separated.

ここで、図2(a)、(b)に示すように、前記粒子分離器24で分離した未反応粒子25を取り出す取出管26の下端を、前記シール手段10を構成する抜出ループシール11の上流側縦管11a、又は、横管11bに接続したので、取出管26からの未反応粒子25は、抜出ループシール11による粒子貯留部A内部に供給されるようになる。  Here, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the lower end of the take-outpipe 26 for taking out theunreacted particles 25 separated by theparticle separator 24 is connected to theextraction loop seal 11 constituting the sealing means 10. In this way, theunreacted particles 25 from the take-outpipe 26 are supplied to the inside of the particle reservoir A by the take-outloop seal 11.

従って、取出管26によって抜出ループシール11の上流側縦管11a又は横管11bに供給された未反応粒子25は、粒子貯留部A内部の流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7と共に流動化ノズル13からの流動化ガスにより流動化して安定的に燃焼炉8に供給されるようになる。この時、取出管26は、粒子貯留部Aに接続されているので、該粒子貯留部Aによって前記ガス化炉1と前記燃焼炉8との間のガスの移動は確実に遮断される。ここで、図2(a)の実施例においては、上流側縦管11aの上端に前記取出管26が接続された位置よりも高い位置までオーバーフロー管9内に流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7が満たされた粒子貯留部Aが形成されるため、ガス化炉1内のガス化ガス6及び水蒸気が取出管26に向かって流れることは防止される。  Therefore, theunreacted particles 25 supplied to the upstreamvertical tube 11a or thehorizontal tube 11b of theextraction loop seal 11 by theextraction tube 26 together with the fluidizingmedium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 inside the particle reservoir A are fluidized nozzles. The fluidized gas from 13 is fluidized and supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 stably. At this time, since theextraction pipe 26 is connected to the particle storage part A, the movement of the gas between thegasification furnace 1 and thecombustion furnace 8 is reliably blocked by the particle storage part A. Here, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 (a), theflow medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 in theoverflow pipe 9 up to a position higher than the position where theextraction pipe 26 is connected to the upper end of the upstreamvertical pipe 11a. Is formed, the gasifiedgas 6 and water vapor in thegasification furnace 1 are prevented from flowing toward theextraction pipe 26.

又、前記取出管26は、粒子貯留部Aを形成する抜出ループシール11の上流側縦管11a又は横管11bに接続されているため、取出管26の温度が低下することはなく常に高い温度に保持されるので、取出管26内に水が凝縮する問題は防止され、よって、前記取出管26からの未反応粒子25は、粒子貯留部Aの高温の流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7と共に安定して燃焼炉8に供給されるようになる。  Moreover, since the saidextraction pipe 26 is connected to the upstreamvertical pipe 11a or thehorizontal pipe 11b of theextraction loop seal 11 which forms the particle | grain storage part A, the temperature of theextraction pipe 26 does not fall and is always high. Since the temperature is maintained, the problem of water condensing in the take-outpipe 26 is prevented. Therefore, theunreacted particles 25 from the take-outpipe 26 are separated from the high-temperature fluid medium 4 and combustible solids in the particle storage part A. 7 is stably supplied to thecombustion furnace 8.

又、前記取出管26からの未反応粒子25が、シール手段10を介して燃焼炉8に供給されるため、燃焼炉8に供給された未反応粒子25は、流動媒体4を加熱するための燃料の一部として利用されるようになる。  Further, since theunreacted particles 25 from the take-outpipe 26 are supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 through the sealing means 10, theunreacted particles 25 supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 are used for heating thefluid medium 4. It will be used as part of the fuel.

尚、循環流動層ガス化炉においては、図3に示す如く、前記ガス化炉1から取り出すガス化ガス6に含まれる未反応粒子25を分離する粒子分離器24'からの未反応粒子25を、取出管26'を介してガス化炉1の流動層5に供給することが考えられる。前記未反応粒子25を廃棄物として処理することは大変であるが、上記したように未反応粒子25をガス化炉1に戻すようにすると、未反応粒子25はガス化原料の一部として利用することができる。  In the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, as shown in FIG. 3,unreacted particles 25 from aparticle separator 24 ′ for separatingunreacted particles 25 contained in thegasification gas 6 taken out from thegasification furnace 1 are removed. It is conceivable to supply thefluidized bed 5 of thegasification furnace 1 through the extraction pipe 26 '. Although it is difficult to treat theunreacted particles 25 as waste, when theunreacted particles 25 are returned to thegasification furnace 1 as described above, theunreacted particles 25 are used as a part of the gasification raw material. can do.

しかし、前記したように、前記粒子分離器24'によってガス化ガス6から分離した未反応粒子25を取出管26'によりガス化炉1の流動層5に供給する構成とした場合には、前記未反応粒子25の取出量が比較的少ないこと、及び、取出管26'は外気によって冷却されることから、取出管26'の温度が低下することが考えられる。取出管26'の温度がガス化炉1に供給される水蒸気の凝縮温度以下に低下した場合には、取出管26'内で水蒸気が凝縮した水と未反応粒子25とが固着することにより、未反応粒子25の流動性を悪化させる可能性がある。  However, as described above, when theunreacted particles 25 separated from thegasification gas 6 by theparticle separator 24 ′ are supplied to thefluidized bed 5 of thegasification furnace 1 by theextraction pipe 26 ′, Since the amount ofunreacted particles 25 taken out is relatively small and the take-out pipe 26 'is cooled by the outside air, the temperature of the take-out pipe 26' may be lowered. When the temperature of the take-outpipe 26 ′ falls below the condensation temperature of the water vapor supplied to thegasifier 1, the water in which the water vapor is condensed in the take-outpipe 26 ′ and theunreacted particles 25 are fixed, The fluidity of theunreacted particles 25 may be deteriorated.

これに対し、図1及び図2に示した本発明の実施例によれば、ガス化炉1での原料2の滞留時間を確保してガス化効率を高めることができる循環流動層ガス化炉において、ガス化ガス6の未反応粒子25を分離する粒子分離器24からの未反応粒子25を取出管26により取出して利用する際に、前記取出管26を、高温の流動媒体4と可燃性固形分7が満たされることで高温に保持されるシール手段10の粒子貯留部Aに接続したので、取出管26の温度は高く保持されて取出管26内に水が凝縮する問題は防止される。よって、未反応粒子25は、粒子貯留部Aの高温の流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7と共に安定して燃焼炉8に供給されて、流動媒体4を加熱するための燃料の一部として利用されるようになる。  On the other hand, according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace that can secure the residence time of theraw material 2 in thegasification furnace 1 and increase the gasification efficiency. When theunreacted particles 25 from theparticle separator 24 that separates theunreacted particles 25 of thegasification gas 6 are taken out by the take-outpipe 26 and used, the take-outpipe 26 and the high-temperature fluid medium 4 are combustible. Since thesolid content 7 is connected to the particle storage part A of the sealing means 10 that is maintained at a high temperature, the temperature of theextraction pipe 26 is kept high and the problem of water condensing in theextraction pipe 26 is prevented. . Therefore, theunreacted particles 25 are stably supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 together with the high-temperature fluid medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7 in the particle reservoir A, and used as part of the fuel for heating thefluid medium 4. Will come to be.

又、前記シール手段10は、傾斜したオーバーフロー管9の途中から下方に曲げられた上流側縦管11aと、該上流側縦管11aの下方から横方向に延びた横管11bと、該横管11bの端部と前記オーバーフロー管9の下流部9'との間を接続する下流側縦管11cとを有して粒子貯留部Aを形成し、且つ、前記横管11bに流動化ガスを供給して粒子貯留部Aの流動媒体4と可燃性固形分7を順次下流側へ送り出す流動化ノズル13を備えた抜出ループシール11である。そして、前記取出管26は、前記抜出ループシール11の上流側縦管11a、又は、横管11bに接続したので、取出管26の温度は高く保持されて取出管26内に水が凝縮する問題は更に確実に防止されるようになり、よって、粒子貯留部Aに供給された未反応粒子25は、高温の流動媒体4及び可燃性固形分7と共に安定して燃焼炉8に供給されるようになる。  The sealing means 10 includes an upstreamvertical pipe 11a bent downward from the middle of theinclined overflow pipe 9, ahorizontal pipe 11b extending laterally from the lower side of the upstreamvertical pipe 11a, and the horizontal pipe. 11b and a downstreamlongitudinal tube 11c connecting thedownstream portion 9 ′ of theoverflow tube 9 to form a particle storage portion A, and supply fluidizing gas to thehorizontal tube 11b Theextraction loop seal 11 is provided with a fluidizingnozzle 13 that sequentially feeds thefluid medium 4 and combustiblesolid content 7 of the particle reservoir A to the downstream side. And since the saidextraction pipe 26 was connected to the upstreamvertical pipe 11a or thehorizontal pipe 11b of the saidextraction loop seal 11, the temperature of theextraction pipe 26 is kept high and water condenses in theextraction pipe 26. The problem is more reliably prevented, so that theunreacted particles 25 supplied to the particle reservoir A are stably supplied to thecombustion furnace 8 together with the high-temperature fluidized medium 4 and the combustiblesolid content 7. It becomes like this.

図示した実施例では、ガス化炉1と燃焼炉8の間を繋ぐオーバーフロー管9に備えたシール手段10の粒子貯留部Aに取出管26を接続した場合について例示したが、図示例以外でも粒子貯留部を形成してガス化炉と燃焼炉との間のガスの移動を遮断するようにしたものであれは種々のシール手段に取出管を接続して適用することができる。  In the illustrated embodiment, the case where the take-outpipe 26 is connected to the particle storage portion A of the sealing means 10 provided in theoverflow pipe 9 connecting thegasification furnace 1 and thecombustion furnace 8 is illustrated. If the storage part is formed so as to block the movement of gas between the gasification furnace and the combustion furnace, it can be applied by connecting an extraction pipe to various sealing means.

更に、本発明の循環流動層ガス化炉は、上述の実施例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。  Furthermore, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is needless to say that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1 ガス化炉
2 有機固体原料(原料)
3 ガス化炉流動用ガス(水蒸気)
4 流動媒体
5 流動層
6 ガス化ガス
7 可燃性固形分
8 燃焼炉
9 オーバーフロー管
9' 下流部
10 シール手段
11 抜出ループシール(シール手段)
11a 上流側縦管
11b 横管
11c 下流側縦管
13 流動化ノズル
14 燃焼ガス
16 媒体分離器
17 排ガス
24 粒子分離器
25 未反応粒子
26 取出管
A 粒子貯留部
1Gasification furnace 2 Organic solid raw material (raw material)
3 Gasification furnace flow gas (water vapor)
DESCRIPTION OFSYMBOLS 4Fluid medium 5Fluidized bed 6Gasification gas 7 Combustiblesolid content 8Combustion furnace 9 Overflow pipe 9 'Downstream part 10 Sealing means 11 Extraction loop seal (sealing means)
11a Upstreamvertical pipe 11bHorizontal pipe 11c Downstreamvertical pipe 13Fluidization nozzle 14Combustion gas 16 Medium separator 17Exhaust gas 24Particle separator 25Unreacted particles 26 Extraction pipe A Particle storage section

Claims (2)

Translated fromJapanese
水蒸気により流動媒体を流動化して流動層を形成すると共に、流動層に投入した原料を流動媒体が有する熱でガス化してガス化ガスと可燃性固形分を生成するガス化炉と、
該ガス化炉の流動媒体と可燃性固形分を、オーバーフロー管を介して導入し、可燃性固形分を燃焼させて流動媒体を加熱する燃焼炉と、
前記燃焼炉からの燃焼ガスを導入して流動媒体と排ガスとに分離し、分離した流動媒体を前記ガス化炉に供給する媒体分離器と、
前記オーバーフロー管に備えられ、前記流動媒体と可燃性固形分を内部に満たして順次下流側へ送り出す粒子貯留部を形成し、前記ガス化炉と前記燃焼炉との間のガスの移動を遮断するシール手段と、
前記ガス化炉で生成したガス化ガスを導入してガス化ガス中の未反応粒子を分離し、分離した未反応粒子を取出管により取り出すようにした粒子分離器と、
を有する循環流動層ガス化炉であって、
前記粒子分離器で分離した未反応粒子を取り出す取出管を、前記シール手段の粒子貯留部に接続したことを特徴とする循環流動層ガス化炉。
A gasification furnace that fluidizes the fluidized medium with water vapor to form a fluidized bed, and gasifies the raw material charged in the fluidized bed with the heat of the fluidized medium to generate gasified gas and combustible solids;
A combustion furnace for introducing the fluidizing medium and combustible solids of the gasification furnace through an overflow pipe, burning the combustible solids and heating the fluidizing medium;
A medium separator for introducing the combustion gas from the combustion furnace to separate into a fluid medium and exhaust gas and supplying the separated fluid medium to the gasification furnace;
Provided in the overflow pipe to form a particle storage part that fills the fluid medium and combustible solid content and sequentially sends it to the downstream side, and blocks gas movement between the gasification furnace and the combustion furnace. Sealing means;
A particle separator that introduces the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace to separate unreacted particles in the gasification gas, and takes out the separated unreacted particles through an extraction pipe;
A circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace comprising:
A circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace characterized in that an extraction pipe for taking out unreacted particles separated by the particle separator is connected to a particle storage part of the sealing means.
前記シール手段は、傾斜したオーバーフロー管の途中から下方に曲げられた上流側縦管と、該上流側縦管の下方から横方向に延びた横管と、該横管の端部と前記オーバーフロー管の下流部との間を接続する下流側縦管とを有して粒子貯留部を形成し、且つ、前記横管に流動化ガスを供給して粒子貯留部の流動媒体と可燃性固形分を順次下流側へ送り出す流動化ノズルを備えた抜出ループシールであり、前記取出管は、前記抜出ループシールの上流側縦管、又は、横管に接続することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の循環流動層ガス化炉。  The sealing means includes an upstream vertical pipe bent downward from the middle of the inclined overflow pipe, a horizontal pipe extending laterally from below the upstream vertical pipe, an end of the horizontal pipe, and the overflow pipe A downstream vertical pipe connecting between the downstream portion and the downstream pipe to form a particle storage section, and supplying a fluidizing gas to the horizontal pipe so that the fluid medium and combustible solid content of the particle storage section It is an extraction loop seal provided with a fluidizing nozzle that sequentially feeds to the downstream side, and the extraction pipe is connected to an upstream vertical pipe or a horizontal pipe of the extraction loop seal. The circulating fluidized bed gasifier described.
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