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JP2008231083A - Maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation, production method and use thereof - Google Patents

Maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation, production method and use thereof
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JP2008231083A
JP2008231083AJP2007107583AJP2007107583AJP2008231083AJP 2008231083 AJP2008231083 AJP 2008231083AJP 2007107583 AJP2007107583 AJP 2007107583AJP 2007107583 AJP2007107583 AJP 2007107583AJP 2008231083 AJP2008231083 AJP 2008231083A
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Keiichi Konya
桂一 紺谷
Akira Masuda
彰 増田
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CellSeed Inc
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplant, which are subjected to maturation induction ex vivo, are suspended in a medium and have little damage on cell-surface antigens. <P>SOLUTION: Immature dendritic cells are seeded on a surface of a substrate which is coated with 1.3-2.2 μg/cm<SP>2</SP>temperature-responsive polymer whose upper or lower critical solution temperature in water is 0-80°C. After their maturation is induced using picibanil, the temperature of the culture liquid is regulated to a temperature not lower than the upper-limit critical solubilization temperature or not higher than the lower-limit critical solubilization temperature, and the matured dendritic cells are peeled off without subjecting them to any enzymatic treatment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

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本発明は、成熟させた樹状細胞、その製造方法及びそれを利用した治療法に関する。なお、本明細書において、樹状細胞(dendritic cell)を「DC」と略すことがある。  The present invention relates to a mature dendritic cell, a method for producing the same, and a therapeutic method using the same. In the present specification, dendritic cells may be abbreviated as “DC”.

最近になって、これまで一般的な癌治療方法であった手術による外科療法、抗癌剤による化学療法、並びに放射線療法等の方法に加え、これらとは全く異なる免疫細胞を利用した免疫療法が注目され始めてきた。今ではその免疫療法を単独、もしくは前記の3方法と併用する形で臨床応用されていることは良く知られていることである。免疫療法とは、これまでの外科療法、化学療法、放射線療法等のような外的な力を利用して癌を治療するのではなく、あくまでも自分自身の免疫力を用いた治療法である。  Recently, in addition to conventional surgical treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy with anticancer drugs, and radiation therapy, which have been common methods of cancer treatment, immunotherapy using completely different immune cells has attracted attention. I started. It is well known that the immunotherapy is now clinically applied alone or in combination with the above three methods. Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses its own immunity rather than treating cancer using external forces such as conventional surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

その免疫療法としては、例えばT細胞を分離し培養して体内に戻す方法、樹状細胞を分離し培養して体内に戻す方法、ナチュラルキラー(Natural Killer)細胞を分離し培養して体内に戻す方法等が挙げられる。それらの免疫療法の中で、特に注目される方法が前二者のT細胞や樹状細胞を培養して体内に戻す方法である。T細胞を用いた免疫療法とは、抗原をもった癌細胞を攻撃するT細胞の抗原認識能を生体の外で強化して体内に戻す方法であり、LAK療法やCTL療法等として知られている。しかしながら、T細胞はその抗原認識能により効率的に癌細胞を攻撃できるものの、抗原の存在が不明瞭になった癌には攻撃できないという弱点を持っている。また、体内でのT細胞の寿命が短いために頻繁に新たなT細胞を導入する必要がある。一方、樹状細胞は抗原をT細胞に教え込む役割を持つ細胞だが、樹状細胞に癌細胞の抗原をしっかり覚えこませることで、次々にT細胞に癌細胞の抗原を覚えこませることができるようになる。最近、樹状細胞を用いた免疫療法が注目されているのはこの理由のためであり、実際に樹状細胞ワクチン療法やDCI療法などが臨床の現場で実施されている。  As the immunotherapy, for example, a method in which T cells are separated and cultured and returned to the body, a method in which dendritic cells are separated and cultured and returned to the body, a natural killer (Natural Killer) cell is separated, cultured and returned to the body. Methods and the like. Among these immunotherapy methods, a method that is particularly attracting attention is a method in which the former two T cells and dendritic cells are cultured and returned to the body. Immunotherapy using T cells is a method of strengthening the antigen recognition ability of T cells that attack cancer cells with antigens outside the body and returning them to the body, and is known as LAK therapy or CTL therapy. Yes. However, although T cells can efficiently attack cancer cells due to their antigen recognition ability, they have a weak point that they cannot attack cancers whose antigens are obscured. In addition, since the life span of T cells in the body is short, it is necessary to frequently introduce new T cells. Dendritic cells, on the other hand, are cells that have the role of teaching antigens to T cells. However, dendritic cells can be made to remember cancer cell antigens one after another by making cancer cells antigens firmly remember. become able to. Recently, immunotherapy using dendritic cells is attracting attention for this reason, and dendritic cell vaccine therapy, DCI therapy, and the like are actually practiced in clinical settings.

担癌患者は、一般に、癌進展に伴う消耗あるいは癌細胞から産生される免疫抑制物質の作用により、ホストの免疫応答が抑制されていることで知られている。これまでにさまざまな癌免疫治療が行われてきたがいずれも満足すべき臨床効果が得られなかったのは、免疫不全状態にある癌患者において強力な抗腫瘍免疫応答を誘導することが困難であることが考えられてきた。特に腫瘍特異的キラーTリンパ球(CTL)活性化に重要な樹状細胞の成熟過程が免疫抑制物質の作用により阻害されることが最もクリティカルな問題であった。したがって癌患者から十分成熟活性化した樹状細胞を得るための方法を確立することが、有効な癌免疫療法の実現のための早急な課題であった。  Cancer-bearing patients are generally known to have a host immune response that is suppressed by the consumption of cancer progression or the action of immunosuppressive substances produced from cancer cells. Various cancer immunotherapy has been performed so far, but none of them has achieved satisfactory clinical effects because it is difficult to induce a strong anti-tumor immune response in immunocompromised cancer patients. Something has been considered. In particular, the most critical problem is that the maturation process of dendritic cells, which is important for activating tumor-specific killer T lymphocytes (CTL), is inhibited by the action of immunosuppressive substances. Therefore, establishing a method for obtaining fully mature activated dendritic cells from cancer patients has been an urgent issue for realizing effective cancer immunotherapy.

樹状細胞(DC)とは、上述したように抗原提示細胞として機能する免疫細胞の一種であり、生体内の免疫系で重要な役割を持ったものである。抗原提示細胞は自分が取り込んだ抗原を、他の免疫系の細胞に伝える役割を持つ。抗原を取り込むと樹状細胞は活性化され、脾臓などのリンパ器官に移動する。リンパ器官では取り込んだ抗原に特異的なT細胞やB細胞を活性化する。樹状細胞は発現しているマーカー分子によってさまざまなサブセットに分類されるが、その中でも成熟樹状細胞は極めて重要なものとしてよく知られている。例えば、炎症に焦点を合わせると、自然免疫に関係するエンドトキシンまたは炎症性サイトカインは、未成熟DCの成熟DCへの分化を誘導する。後者は、適応性免疫の主要なエフェクターであるヘルパーT細胞および細胞傷害性T細胞を効率的に刺激する(Banchereau,J.& Steinman,R.M.Nature 392,245−252(1998);Mellman,I.& Steinman,R.M.Cell 106,255−258(2001))。また、活性型T細胞上に存在するCD40リガンド(CD154)によるCD40を介する未成熟DCへの刺激は、DC成熟のためのシグナルを与える。しかしながら、DC成熟に関する様々な因子の相対的な重要性は、依然として不明瞭なままである。骨髄からの未成熟DC調製について記載されるオリジナルの誘発プロトコル通りに、単に細胞のピペッティングあるいは再プレーティングするだけでも成熟が引き起こされた(Inaba,K.et al J.Exp.Med.191,927−936(2000);Gallucci,S.,Lolkema,M.& Matzinger,P.Nat.Med.,5,1249−1255(1999))。しかしながら、これらの公知文献は、DCの成熟過程の全体像を明らかにするものではない。  Dendritic cells (DC) are a kind of immune cells that function as antigen-presenting cells as described above, and have an important role in the in vivo immune system. Antigen-presenting cells have the role of transmitting the antigens they have taken to cells of other immune systems. Upon taking up the antigen, dendritic cells are activated and migrate to lymphoid organs such as the spleen. The lymphoid organ activates T cells and B cells specific for the antigen taken up. Dendritic cells are classified into various subsets depending on the marker molecule that is expressed. Among them, mature dendritic cells are well known as extremely important. For example, when focusing on inflammation, endotoxins or inflammatory cytokines involved in innate immunity induce the differentiation of immature DCs into mature DCs. The latter efficiently stimulates helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, the main effectors of adaptive immunity (Banchereau, J. & Steinman, RM Nature 392, 245-252 (1998); Mellman I. & Steinman, RM Cell 106, 255-258 (2001)). In addition, stimulation of immature DC via CD40 by CD40 ligand (CD154) present on activated T cells provides a signal for DC maturation. However, the relative importance of various factors related to DC maturation remains unclear. Maturation was caused by simply pipetting or re-plating the cells as per the original induction protocol described for immature DC preparation from bone marrow (Inaba, K. et al J. Exp. Med. 191, 927-936 (2000); Gallucci, S., Lolkema, M. & Matzinger, P. Nat. Med., 5, 1249-1255 (1999)). However, these known documents do not reveal the whole picture of DC maturation process.

かくして、より効率的な癌免疫療法を実現するためには、成熟した樹状細胞の製造が必須要件となる。その方法としては、従来から、未成熟樹状細胞に対しピシバニール、LSP等の菌体由来物質、或いはTNF−alpha等のサイトカイン等を用いて刺激することで成熟誘導化させることが行われてきた。その中で、特にピシバニールは、それを使って得られた成熟樹状細胞が免疫応答に極めて有用なインターロイキン−12(IL−12)を多量に産生することで知られており、より効率的な癌免疫療法を実現するために極めて有効な方法として注目されてきた。  Thus, in order to achieve more efficient cancer immunotherapy, the production of mature dendritic cells is an essential requirement. Conventionally, maturation induction has been performed by stimulating immature dendritic cells with fungus-derived substances such as picibanil and LSP, or cytokines such as TNF-alpha. . Among them, Pisibanil, in particular, is known that mature dendritic cells obtained using it produce a large amount of interleukin-12 (IL-12) that is extremely useful for immune responses, and is more efficient. Has attracted attention as an extremely effective method for realizing cancer immunotherapy.

しかしながら、生体外の細胞培養基材表面上でピシバニールを用いて樹状細胞を成熟させると、成熟した細胞は基材表面に強固に接着し、常法でよく用いられるような酵素処理程度では回収することが困難という大きな問題があった。また、得られた移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は酵素処理を行うことで損傷してしまい、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞表面の抗原は破壊され、またIL−12の産生能も低く、そのような移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は治療に必ずしも有効な状態のものではなかった。  However, when dendritic cells are matured using picibanil on the surface of a cell culture substrate in vitro, the mature cells adhere firmly to the surface of the substrate and are recovered at the enzyme treatment level often used in conventional methods. There was a big problem that it was difficult to do. In addition, the transplanted maturation-induced dendritic cells are damaged by the enzyme treatment, the antigen on the surface of the transplantation-induced maturation-induced dendritic cells is destroyed, and the ability to produce IL-12 is low. Such maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation were not necessarily in a state effective for treatment.

一方、細胞の培養は、通常、ガラス表面上あるいは種々の処理を行ったプラスチックの表面上で行われる。この目的に、例えば、ポリスチレンを材料とする表面処理、例えばγ線照射、プラズマ処理等を行った種々の容器等が細胞培養用容器として普及している。このような細胞培養用容器を用いて培養・増殖した細胞は、トリプシンのような蛋白分解酵素や化学薬品により処理することで容器表面から剥離・回収される。しかし、上述のような化学薬品処理を施して増殖した細胞を回収する場合、処理工程が煩雑になり、不純物混入の可能性が多くなること、及び増殖した細胞が化学的処理により変成若しくは損傷し細胞本来の機能が損なわれる例があること等の欠点が指摘されていた。  On the other hand, cell culture is usually carried out on a glass surface or a plastic surface subjected to various treatments. For this purpose, for example, various containers subjected to surface treatment using polystyrene as a material, for example, γ-ray irradiation, plasma treatment, and the like are widely used as cell culture containers. Cells cultured and proliferated using such a cell culture container are peeled and collected from the container surface by treatment with a protease such as trypsin or a chemical. However, when recovering cells grown by chemical treatment as described above, the treatment process becomes complicated, the possibility of contamination is increased, and the grown cells are altered or damaged by chemical treatment. Disadvantages have been pointed out that there are cases where the original function of cells is impaired.

かかる欠点を克服するために、これまでいくつかの技術が提案されている。その中で、特に特願2001−226141号では、水に対する上限もしくは下限臨界溶解温度が0〜80℃である温度応答性ポリマーを基材表面に被覆した細胞培養基材上で前眼部関連細胞を培養し、必要に応じて常法により培養細胞層を重層化させ、培養基材の温度を変えるだけで培養した細胞シートを剥離させることで、十分な強度を持った細胞シートの作製が可能となった。また、この細胞シートには基底膜様蛋白質も保持しており、上述したディスパーゼ処理したものに比べ、組織への生着性も明らかに改善されている。また、特願2002−516068号、特願2003−197466号等には、この基材を用いることで、これまで基材に強固に付着し、酵素処理だけでは回収が困難であったケラチノサイト、マクロファージ、中皮細胞等の細胞を酵素処理なく効率良く剥離させることができるようになることが開示されており、しかも酵素処理を施されていないため低損傷な状態で回収できることを示している。  In order to overcome such drawbacks, several techniques have been proposed so far. In particular, in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-226141, an anterior ocular segment-related cell is formed on a cell culture substrate in which a temperature-responsive polymer having an upper or lower critical solution temperature in water of 0 to 80 ° C. is coated on the surface of the substrate. , And if necessary, the cultured cell layer can be layered by conventional methods, and the cultured cell sheet can be peeled off simply by changing the temperature of the culture substrate. It became. In addition, this cell sheet also retains a basement membrane-like protein, and the engraftment to the tissue is clearly improved as compared with the above-mentioned dispase-treated one. In addition, in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2002-51068, 2003-197466, etc., by using this base material, keratinocytes and macrophages that have been firmly attached to the base material so far and have been difficult to recover only by enzyme treatment. In addition, it is disclosed that cells such as mesothelial cells can be efficiently detached without enzyme treatment, and it can be recovered in a low-damage state because it has not been subjected to enzyme treatment.

本発明の対象である樹状細胞においても、前述のように培養基材上で成熟誘導化させると、その成熟誘導化樹状細胞は基材表面に強固に付着する。そこで、この樹状細胞を上述のような温度応答性ポリマーを基材表面に被覆した細胞培養基材上で成熟誘導化させ、酵素処理を必要とせずに回収できるかどうかを確認したところ、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を回収できることを確認した。また、得られた移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は酵素処理を施されていないことから低損傷なものと予想された。しかしながら、移植用の成熟誘導化樹状細胞として細胞機能的に好適なものを検討することはこれまで全くなく、また本特許で示すような結果を予測することもできなかった。移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を実際に臨床の場で使用するには、1回の治療に必要な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞数をなるべく少量の末梢血、もしくは骨髄から回収し、患者の負担をなるべく軽減しなければならない。その実現のために、より細胞機能的に好適な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造技術の開発が待ち望まれていた。  Also in the dendritic cell which is the object of the present invention, when matured on the culture substrate as described above, the matured dendritic cell adheres firmly to the substrate surface. Therefore, when this dendritic cell was induced to mature on a cell culture substrate coated with a temperature-responsive polymer as described above, it was confirmed whether it could be recovered without the need for enzyme treatment. It was confirmed that maturation-induced dendritic cells can be collected. In addition, the obtained maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation were expected to be low-damaged because they were not treated with enzymes. However, there has never been any suitable cell functionally suitable maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation, and the results shown in this patent could not be predicted. To actually use mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation in a clinical setting, the number of mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation required for one treatment is collected from as little peripheral blood or bone marrow as possible. Should be reduced as much as possible. In order to achieve this, development of a technique for producing mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation that is more suitable for cell functions has been awaited.

本発明は、かかる従来技術の問題点を解決することを目的になされたものである。すなわち、本発明は、免疫療法に有用な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、その細胞を高効率に製造する方法、さらに、それより得られた細胞の利用方法を提供することを目的とする。  The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation that are useful for immunotherapy. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the cells with high efficiency and a method for using the cells obtained therefrom.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために、種々の角度から検討を加えて、研究開発を行ってきた。その結果、温度応答性ポリマーが基材表面に被覆された細胞培養基材上で未成熟樹状細胞を少なくともピシバニールを用いて成熟させ、その後、培養液温度を上限臨界溶解温度以上または下限臨界溶解温度以下とすることで、剥離困難であった培養した移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く回収できることを見出した。本発明はかかる知見に基づいて完成されたものである。  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted research and development by adding studies from various angles. As a result, immature dendritic cells are matured using at least picibanil on a cell culture substrate coated with a temperature-responsive polymer on the substrate surface, and then the culture solution temperature is higher than the upper critical solution temperature or lower critical solution. It has been found that by setting the temperature to be lower than the temperature, it is possible to efficiently recover the cultured mature-induced dendritic cells for transplantation that have been difficult to separate. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.

すなわち、本発明は、生体外で成熟誘導化させ、培地中に浮遊させた状態の細胞表面抗原の損傷が少ない、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を提供する。また、本発明は、水に対する上限もしくは下限臨界溶解温度が0〜80℃である温度応答性ポリマーを基材表面に被覆した細胞培養基材上で細胞を少なくともピシバニールを用いて成熟誘導化し、その後、培養液温度を上限臨界溶解温度以上または下限臨界溶解温度以下とすることで移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を製造する方法を提供する。加えて、本発明ではその移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を用いた治療法を提供する。  That is, the present invention provides a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation in which maturation is induced in vitro and the cell surface antigen in a state suspended in a medium is less damaged. In addition, the present invention is to induce maturation of cells using at least picibanil on a cell culture substrate in which a temperature-responsive polymer having an upper or lower critical dissolution temperature in water of 0 to 80 ° C. is coated on the surface of the substrate. The present invention provides a method for producing a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation by setting the culture solution temperature to be not less than the upper critical solution temperature or not more than the lower critical solution temperature. In addition, the present invention provides a therapeutic method using the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation.

本発明の技術であれば、従来技術に比べ高収率に成熟誘導化樹状細胞を回収できるため、1回の治療に必要な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞数をなるべく少量の末梢血、或いは骨髄から製造することができるようになり、患者の負担軽減も期待される。また、本発明で得られる移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は酵素処理を受けていないため低損傷なものであり、免疫反応に有用な細胞表面抗原を破壊されておらず、そのものを使うことで効果的な免疫療法の実施が期待できる。したがって、本発明は臨床、細胞工学、医用工学等の医学、生物学等の分野における極めて有用な発明である。  With the technique of the present invention, mature-induced dendritic cells can be collected at a higher yield than conventional techniques, so the number of mature-induced dendritic cells for transplantation required for one treatment is as small as possible peripheral blood, Alternatively, it can be manufactured from bone marrow, which is expected to reduce the burden on patients. In addition, the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation obtained in the present invention are low-damaged because they have not been subjected to enzymatic treatment, and cell surface antigens useful for immune reactions have not been destroyed. Effective immunotherapy can be expected. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful in the fields of medicine, biology, etc. such as clinical, cell engineering, and medical engineering.

本発明は、生体外で成熟誘導化させた細胞表面抗原の損傷が少ない移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を提供する。しかも、その移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞とは、基材表面に付着した状態のものではなく、培地中に浮遊した状態のものである。すなわち、本発明でいう移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞とは、それをそのまま患者本人に戻すことが可能な状態のものをいう。  The present invention provides a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation with less damage to cell surface antigens that have been maturation-induced in vitro. Moreover, the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation are not in a state of adhering to the substrate surface but in a state of floating in the medium. That is, the maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation referred to in the present invention refers to a cell in a state where it can be directly returned to the patient.

本発明で示す移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の作製に使用される好適な細胞としては、単球が挙げられるが、その由来は、末梢血、骨髄の何れでも良く、それらの1種、もしくは2種以上を混合したものでも良い。  Suitable cells used for preparing the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation shown in the present invention include monocytes, and their origin may be either peripheral blood or bone marrow, one of them, or What mixed 2 or more types may be used.

本発明における移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞とは、上述のように培地中に浮遊した状態のものであり、細胞表面抗原の損傷が少ないことを特徴とするものである。従って、本発明の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は、生体外に取り出したものの樹状細胞本来の特性を有してものである。ここで、細胞の損傷が少ないことを確認する方法としては、細胞表層の分析法であれば特に制約されるものではないが、例えば、個々の細胞表面抗原をウェスタンブロット法で分析すれば、それぞれの細胞表面抗原に相当するバンドが複数本となって現われたり、消失してしまうことはなく、単一のバンドとして得られることから確認することができる。もし移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞が損傷を受ければ、もともとあった細胞表面抗原蛋白質がさまざまな分子量に分断され、それがウェスタンブロット法で分析したとき、抗原蛋白質のバンドは複数に分かれたり、消失してしまったりする訳である。本発明における移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞とは、細胞表層の抗原を分析したとき、抗原蛋白質が分断されたような結果とならない、すなわち複数のバンドに分かれないことを特徴としている。  The maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation in the present invention are those suspended in a medium as described above, and are characterized by little damage to cell surface antigens. Therefore, the matured induced dendritic cell for transplantation of the present invention has the original characteristics of the dendritic cell taken out of the living body. Here, the method for confirming that there is little cell damage is not particularly limited as long as it is a cell surface analysis method. For example, if individual cell surface antigens are analyzed by Western blotting, It can be confirmed from the fact that a plurality of bands corresponding to the cell surface antigen are not appearing or disappearing as a single band and are obtained as a single band. If the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation are damaged, the original cell surface antigen protein is fragmented into various molecular weights, and when analyzed by Western blotting, the antigen protein band is divided into multiple parts, It will be lost. The maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation according to the present invention are characterized in that when the antigen on the cell surface layer is analyzed, the antigen protein is not fragmented, that is, it is not divided into a plurality of bands.

本発明における移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞とは、細胞自らが培養時に産生した細胞表面抗原を破壊、損傷されることなく有している。その表面抗原は、特に限定されるわけではないが、例えば、CD83、CD80、CD86、CD58、CD54等が挙げられる。その中で、CD83は移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞が免疫反応を示す上で特に重要な抗原であり、本発明の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞ではこのCD83を多く有している。ここで、CD83とは、43kDaの糖タンパクで、免疫グロブリン・スーパーファミリーのメンバーである。細胞外に1個のIg−V領域様ドメインと、膜貫通領域、40アミノ酸残基より成る細胞内ドメインで構成されている。CD83は、主として皮膚のランゲルハンス細胞や末梢血の樹状細胞、リンパ組織のT細胞領域中の指状突起細網細胞などの樹状細胞系統に発現し、胚中心リンパ球にも弱く発現するものである。また、CD83は休止期の末梢血白血球では検出できるほどには発現せず、in vitroでリンパ球を活性化した場合にのみ低レベルで発現することで知られている。  The maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation in the present invention have cell surface antigens produced by the cells themselves during culture without being destroyed or damaged. The surface antigen is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include CD83, CD80, CD86, CD58, CD54 and the like. Among them, CD83 is a particularly important antigen when the transplanted mature induced dendritic cells exhibit an immune response, and the transplanted mature induced dendritic cells of the present invention have a large amount of CD83. Here, CD83 is a 43 kDa glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is composed of one Ig-V region-like domain outside the cell, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain consisting of 40 amino acid residues. CD83 is mainly expressed in dendritic cell lineages such as skin Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, and dentate reticulum cells in the T cell region of lymphoid tissues, and is also weakly expressed in germinal center lymphocytes. It is. Also, CD83 is known not to be detectable in resting peripheral blood leukocytes but to be expressed at low levels only when lymphocytes are activated in vitro.

また、本発明での移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は低損傷のものとして回収されるため、例えば免疫反応に密接に係わる有用蛋白質も高濃度で産生できる。そのような蛋白質としては、免疫反応に有用な蛋白質であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えばインターロイキン−12(IL−12)、インターフェロン−γ等が挙げられる。その中で、IL−12は移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞が免疫反応を示す上で特に重要な蛋白質であり、本発明の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞ではこのIL−12を多く産生できる。ここで、IL−12とは、活性化B細胞やマクロファージなどから産生され、T細胞やNK細胞によるIFN−γの産生を誘導する。また、活性化T細胞や活性化NK細胞を増殖させ、細胞傷害活性を誘導するなど細胞性免疫も増強させることで知られている。  Further, since the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation in the present invention are recovered as those with low damage, for example, useful proteins closely related to the immune reaction can be produced at a high concentration. Such a protein is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein useful for an immune reaction, and examples thereof include interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ. Among them, IL-12 is a particularly important protein when the transplanted mature induced dendritic cell exhibits an immune response, and the transplanted mature induced dendritic cell of the present invention can produce a large amount of IL-12. . Here, IL-12 is produced from activated B cells, macrophages and the like, and induces production of IFN-γ by T cells and NK cells. It is also known to enhance cellular immunity by, for example, proliferating activated T cells and activated NK cells and inducing cytotoxic activity.

本発明は、免疫療法に有用な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く製造できる方法を提供する。種々な角度からの検討を加えた結果、温度応答性ポリマーが基材表面に被覆された細胞培養基材上で未成熟樹状細胞を少なくともピシバニールを用いて成熟させ、その後、培養液温度を上限臨界溶解温度以上または下限臨界溶解温度以下とすることで、剥離困難であった培養した移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く回収できることを見出した。細胞培養基材において基材の被覆に用いられる温度応答性ポリマーは、水溶液中で上限臨界溶解温度または下限臨界溶解温度0℃〜80℃、より好ましくは20℃〜50℃を有する。上限臨界溶解温度または下限臨界溶解温度が80℃を越えると細胞が死滅する可能性があるので好ましくない。また、上限臨界溶解温度または下限臨界溶解温度が0℃より低いと一般に細胞増殖速度が極度に低下するか、または細胞が死滅してしまうため、やはり好ましくない。  The present invention provides a method capable of efficiently producing mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation useful for immunotherapy. As a result of examination from various angles, immature dendritic cells were matured using at least picibanil on a cell culture substrate coated with a temperature-responsive polymer on the substrate surface, and then the culture solution temperature was raised to the upper limit. It has been found that the matured dendritic cells for transplantation that have been difficult to detach can be efficiently recovered by setting the temperature to the critical lysis temperature or higher or the lower critical lysis temperature or lower. The temperature-responsive polymer used for coating the substrate in the cell culture substrate has an upper critical solution temperature or a lower critical solution temperature of 0 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 50 ° C in an aqueous solution. If the upper critical lysis temperature or the lower critical lysis temperature exceeds 80 ° C., the cells may die, which is not preferable. Further, if the upper critical lysis temperature or the lower critical lysis temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the cell growth rate is generally extremely reduced or cells are killed, which is also not preferable.

本発明に用いる温度応答性ポリマーはホモポリマー、コポリマーのいずれであってもよい。このようなポリマーとしては、例えば、特開平2−211865号公報に記載されているポリマーが挙げられる。具体的には、例えば、以下のモノマーの単独重合または共重合によって得られる。使用し得るモノマーとしては、例えば、(メタ)アクリルアミド化合物、N−(若しくはN,N−ジ)アルキル置換(メタ)アクリルアミド誘導体、またはビニルエーテル誘導体が挙げられ、コポリマーの場合は、これらの中で任意の2種以上を使用することができる。更には、上記モノマー以外のモノマー類との共重合、ポリマー同士のグラフトまたは共重合、あるいはポリマー、コポリマーの混合物を用いてもよい。また、ポリマー本来の性質を損なわない範囲で架橋することも可能である。  The temperature-responsive polymer used in the present invention may be either a homopolymer or a copolymer. Examples of such a polymer include polymers described in JP-A-2-21865. Specifically, for example, it can be obtained by homopolymerization or copolymerization of the following monomers. Examples of the monomer that can be used include a (meth) acrylamide compound, an N- (or N, N-di) alkyl-substituted (meth) acrylamide derivative, or a vinyl ether derivative. Two or more of these can be used. Furthermore, copolymerization with monomers other than the above monomers, grafting or copolymerization of polymers, or a mixture of polymers and copolymers may be used. Moreover, it is also possible to crosslink within a range that does not impair the original properties of the polymer.

温度応答性ポリマーの被覆量は、1.3〜2.2μg/cmの範囲が良く、好ましくは1.4〜1.9μg/cmであり、さらに好ましくは1.5〜1.8μg/cmである。1.3μg/cmより少ない被覆量のとき、刺激を与えても当該ポリマー上の細胞は剥離し難く、作業効率が著しく悪くなり好ましくない。逆に2.2μg/cm以上であると、その領域に細胞が付着し難く、細胞を十分に付着させることが困難となる。本発明における培養基材の形態は特に制約されるものではないが、例えばディッシュ、マルチプレート、フラスコ、セルインサートなどが挙げられる。The coating amount of the temperature-responsive polymer is preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.2 μg / cm2 , preferably 1.4 to 1.9 μg / cm2 , more preferably 1.5 to 1.8 μg / cm2. cm2 . When the coating amount is less than 1.3 μg / cm2 , the cells on the polymer are difficult to peel off even when a stimulus is applied, and the working efficiency is remarkably deteriorated. On the other hand, if it is 2.2 μg / cm2 or more, it is difficult for cells to adhere to the region, and it becomes difficult to sufficiently attach the cells. The form of the culture substrate in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dishes, multiplates, flasks, and cell inserts.

本発明は、免疫療法に有用な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く製造できる方法を提供する。一方で、本発明で利用される温度応答性ポリマーが被覆された培養基材上に付着する成熟誘導化樹状細胞の形態を観察すると特定量の温度応答性ポリマーが被覆されたものが良好であることも分かった。この成熟誘導化樹状細胞の付着時の形態は、温度応答性ポリマーの被覆量が、1.3〜1.8μg/cmの範囲が良く、好ましくは1.4〜1.7μg/cmであり、さらに好ましくは1.5〜1.6μg/cmである。細胞の基材表面付着時の形態が良好であると、細胞がより好ましい状態で付着しているものと考えられ、その結果、細胞活性も高くなるものと期待される。本発明では、成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く製造するだけではなく、より高活性な成熟誘導化樹状細胞を製造する技術を提供するものである。The present invention provides a method capable of efficiently producing mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation useful for immunotherapy. On the other hand, when the morphology of the maturation-induced dendritic cells adhering to the culture substrate coated with the temperature-responsive polymer used in the present invention is observed, the one coated with a specific amount of the temperature-responsive polymer is good. I also found it. Form during deposition of the mature derivatized dendritic cells, the coverage of the temperature responsive polymer, good range of 1.3~1.8μg / cm2, preferably 1.4~1.7μg / cm2 More preferably, it is 1.5 to 1.6 μg / cm2 . If the form of the cell attached to the substrate surface is good, it is considered that the cell is attached in a more preferable state, and as a result, the cell activity is expected to increase. The present invention provides not only a method for efficiently producing maturation-induced dendritic cells, but also a technique for producing maturation-induced dendritic cells with higher activity.

本発明において、未熟樹状細胞の成熟誘導化は上述の温度応答性ポリマーが被覆された細胞培養基材上で行われる。培地温度は、基材表面に被覆された前記ポリマーが上限臨界溶解温度を有する場合はその温度以下、また前記ポリマーが下限臨界溶解温度を有する場合はその温度以上であれば特に制限されない。しかし、培養細胞が増殖しないような低温域、あるいは培養細胞が死滅するような高温域における培養が不適切であることは言うまでもない。温度以外の培養条件は、常法に従えばよく、特に制限されるものではない。例えば、使用する培地については、公知のウシ胎児血清(FCS)等の血清が添加されている培地でもよく、また、このような血清が添加されていない無血清培地でもよい。  In the present invention, maturation induction of immature dendritic cells is performed on a cell culture substrate coated with the above-described temperature-responsive polymer. The culture medium temperature is not particularly limited as long as the polymer coated on the substrate surface has an upper critical solution temperature or lower, and when the polymer has a lower critical solution temperature or higher, the temperature is not particularly limited. However, it goes without saying that culturing in a low temperature range where cultured cells do not proliferate or in a high temperature range where cultured cells die is inappropriate. The culture conditions other than the temperature may be in accordance with conventional methods and are not particularly limited. For example, the medium to be used may be a medium to which serum such as known fetal calf serum (FCS) is added, or a serum-free medium to which such serum is not added.

本発明の方法において、成熟誘導化した細胞を温度応答性基材から剥離回収するには、培養された細胞の付着した培養基材の温度を培養基材上の被覆ポリマーの上限臨界溶解温度以上若しくは下限臨界溶解温度以下にすることによって剥離させることができる。その際、培養液中において行うことも、その他の等張液中において行うことも可能であり、目的に合わせて選択することができる。細胞をより早く、より高効率に剥離、回収する目的で、基材を軽くたたいたり、ゆらしたりする方法、更にはピペットを用いて培地を撹拌する方法等を単独で、あるいは併用して用いてもよい。  In the method of the present invention, in order to exfoliate and recover the maturation-induced cells from the temperature-responsive substrate, the temperature of the culture substrate to which the cultured cells are attached is equal to or higher than the upper critical solution temperature of the coating polymer on the culture substrate Or it can be made to peel by making it below the lower critical solution temperature. In that case, it can be performed in a culture solution or in another isotonic solution, and can be selected according to the purpose. For the purpose of detaching and recovering cells faster and more efficiently, use a method of tapping or shaking the substrate, or a method of stirring the medium using a pipette, alone or in combination. May be.

被覆を施される基材としては、通常細胞培養に用いられるガラス、改質ガラス、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート等の化合物を初めとして、一般に形態付与が可能である物質、例えば、上記以外のポリマー化合物、セラミックス類など全て用いることができる。  As the base material to be coated, substances generally capable of giving form such as glass, modified glass, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, etc., which are usually used for cell culture, such as polymer compounds other than those mentioned above, are used. All ceramics can be used.

温度応答性ポリマーの培養基材への被覆方法は、特に制限されないが、例えば、特開平2−211865号公報に記載されている方法に従ってよい。すなわち、かかる被覆は、基材と上記モノマーまたはポリマーを、電子線照射(EB)、γ線照射、紫外線照射、プラズマ処理、コロナ処理、有機重合反応のいずれかにより、または塗布、混練等の物理的吸着等により行うことができる。  The method for coating the culture substrate with the temperature-responsive polymer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, according to the method described in JP-A-2-21865. That is, such coating is performed by applying a substrate and the above monomer or polymer to one of electron beam irradiation (EB), γ-ray irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, plasma treatment, corona treatment, organic polymerization reaction, or physical application such as coating and kneading. It can be performed by, for example, mechanical adsorption.

本発明は、その温度応答性ポリマーが基材表面に被覆された細胞培養基材上で未成熟樹状細胞を少なくともピシバニールを用いて成熟させ、その後、培養液温度を上限臨界溶解温度以上または下限臨界溶解温度以下とすることで、剥離困難であった培養した移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を効率良く回収する方法を提供するものである。  In the present invention, immature dendritic cells are matured using at least picibanil on a cell culture substrate coated with the temperature-responsive polymer on the surface of the substrate, and then the culture solution temperature is higher than or equal to the upper critical solution temperature or lower limit. It is intended to provide a method for efficiently recovering cultured mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation, which have been difficult to detach, by setting the temperature to a critical dissolution temperature or lower.

その未成熟樹状細胞とは外的刺激により成熟誘導化できれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば以下の従って得ることができる。その方法とは、具体的には、(1)末梢血、骨髄のいずれか1種、もしくは2種以上より血球分離装置を用いて血球成分を回収し、(2)その回収した血球成分をプラチック製培養皿に付着させ、その付着した細胞を単球成分として回収し、(3)少なくともGM−CSFを用いてその単球を未熟樹状細胞へ誘導した後に、プラスチック製培養皿より回収すれば良い。  The immature dendritic cells are not particularly limited as long as they can be induced to mature by external stimulation. For example, they can be obtained as follows. Specifically, the method is as follows: (1) blood cell components are collected from one or more of peripheral blood and bone marrow using a blood cell separator, and (2) the collected blood cell components are plastic. If attached to a culture dish, the attached cells are recovered as a monocyte component, and (3) the monocytes are induced into immature dendritic cells using at least GM-CSF, and then recovered from a plastic culture dish. good.

本発明において、温度応答性ポリマーが被覆された基材表面への未熟樹状細胞の播種数は通常の培養操作で行われる範囲で実施されれば良く特に限定されるわけではないが、1×10個細胞/cm以上が良く、好ましくは1×10個細胞/cm以上、さらに好ましくは2×10個細胞/cm以上が良い。播種数が多くなればそれだけ効率良く成熟誘導化樹状細胞が得られ好ましい。In the present invention, the seeding number of immature dendritic cells on the surface of the base material coated with the temperature-responsive polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is performed within a range that is performed in a normal culture operation. 104 cells / cm2 or more is preferable, preferably 1 × 105 cells / cm2 or more, and more preferably 2 × 105 cells / cm2 or more. A larger seeding number is preferable because a maturation-induced dendritic cell can be obtained more efficiently.

本発明における上述した細胞を培養するための培地組成は特に限定されるものではなく、本発明で使用する細胞を培養する際に通常使われているもので良い。例えば、α−MEM培地、F−12培地、DMEM培地、或いはそれらの混合物に3%〜20%ウシ血清を混合したものでも良い。  The medium composition for culturing the above-described cells in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be those usually used when culturing the cells used in the present invention. For example, an α-MEM medium, F-12 medium, DMEM medium, or a mixture thereof may be mixed 3% to 20% bovine serum.

未熟樹状細胞を成熟誘導化する方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、TNF−α、PGE2、IL−6、IL−1βからなるカクテル培地、或いはピシバニール等が挙げられるが、最も効果的なものとして後者のピシバニールが良い。未熟樹状細胞に対しこれらの薬物で成熟誘導化する方法は特に限定されるものでなく、これらの薬物を用いて通常行われている方法に従えば良い。  The method for inducing maturation of immature dendritic cells is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cocktail medium composed of TNF-α, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-1β, or picibanil. The latter is a good example. The method for inducing maturation of immature dendritic cells with these drugs is not particularly limited, and any method usually performed using these drugs may be followed.

かくして得られた移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は酵素処理を受けておらず損傷の少ないものとして回収される。  The thus obtained maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation are not treated with enzymes and are recovered as being less damaged.

以下に、上記製造方法を具体的に示す。まず、本発明で示す製造方法としては生体内から血球を採り、その中から単球を集める必要がある。血球の回収する方法として、例えば血球分離装置を用いてアフェレーシスすることで回収する方法、バフィーコートを利用する方法等が良く利用される。その中で特に前者のアフェレーシスは操作が簡便なため有用な方法であり、本発明に示す技術であれば、効率良く移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を回収できるため、誘導化前の血球数も少量で済み、具体的には、通常6時間程度アフェレーシスを1〜3時間程度で済むこととなり、患者の負担を著しく軽減できる。  Below, the said manufacturing method is shown concretely. First, in the production method shown in the present invention, it is necessary to collect blood cells from the living body and collect monocytes from the blood cells. As a method of collecting blood cells, for example, a method of collecting by apheresis using a blood cell separator, a method of using a buffy coat, and the like are often used. Among them, the former apheresis is a useful method because it is easy to operate, and the technique shown in the present invention can efficiently recover mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation. A small amount is sufficient. Specifically, the apheresis is usually about 1 to 3 hours, and the burden on the patient can be remarkably reduced.

次に、採取した血球成分から単球を分離する。この分離方法は血球から単球を分離できればその方法は特に限定されないが、通常、単球が他の血球成分に比べ付着しやすい性質を利用して、血球成分をプラスチック製培養皿に付着させ、その付着した細胞を単球成分として回収する方法が用いられる。その際に使用する細胞培養器材も特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、血球成分を市販の細胞培養用器材上に付着させ、その付着した細胞を酵素処理することで回収しても良く、或いは前述した温度応答性ポリマーが被覆された温度応答性細胞培養基材上に付着させ、培地並びに基材表面の温度を変化させることで回収しても良い。また、血球成分を細胞培養用器材上に付着させた際、付着せずに浮遊しているリンパ球等の目的外細胞を培地交換及びリンス等により取り除く。  Next, monocytes are separated from the collected blood cell components. This separation method is not particularly limited as long as monocytes can be separated from blood cells, but normally, utilizing the property that monocytes are more likely to adhere than other blood cell components, blood cell components are attached to a plastic culture dish, A method of collecting the attached cells as a monocyte component is used. The cell culture equipment used at that time is not particularly limited. For example, a blood cell component may be attached to a commercially available cell culture equipment and the attached cells may be recovered by enzymatic treatment, or The temperature-responsive cell culture substrate coated with the above-described temperature-responsive polymer may be attached and recovered by changing the temperature of the medium and the surface of the substrate. In addition, when blood cell components are allowed to adhere to the cell culture equipment, non-target cells such as lymphocytes floating without adhering are removed by medium exchange and rinsing.

次に、付着した単球を未成熟な樹状細胞へ誘導化する。その際、通常、回収した単球を再びプラスチック製培養皿に付着させ、その後、未成熟な樹状細胞へ誘導化する操作が行われる。単球を未成熟な樹状細胞へ誘導化する方法は常法に従えば良く、例えば、培地中にGM−CSF、IL−4等の1種、または2種以上を混合したもので誘導化させられ、特に限定されるものではない。未熟樹状細胞へ誘導されると、細胞はプラスチック製培養基材表面より剥離し、浮遊してくるので、それを培地とともに回収すれば良い。  Next, the attached monocytes are induced into immature dendritic cells. At that time, usually, the recovered monocytes are again attached to a plastic culture dish, and thereafter, an operation for inducing to immature dendritic cells is performed. The method of inducing monocytes to immature dendritic cells may be in accordance with conventional methods, for example, derivatization with a medium containing one or more of GM-CSF, IL-4, etc. There is no particular limitation. When induced into immature dendritic cells, the cells are detached from the surface of the plastic culture substrate and float, so that they can be recovered together with the medium.

本特許では、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を提供する。その際、上述した方法により未熟樹状細胞を得た後、水に対する上限もしくは下限臨界溶解温度が0〜80℃である温度応答性ポリマーを特定量被覆した温度応答性細胞培養基材表面上に播種させる必要がある。上述したようにピシバニールを用いて成熟化させると、細胞は基材表面上に強固に付着し、たとえ酵素処理を施しても半数程度しか剥離、回収できないが、温度応答性細胞培養基材表面上で成熟誘導化させた移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は、温度処理を施すだけで容易に剥離できる。温度応答性細胞培養基材表面が、強固に付着した移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を回収できる好適なものと考えられる。  This patent provides mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation. At that time, after obtaining immature dendritic cells by the above-described method, on the surface of the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate coated with a specific amount of a temperature-responsive polymer whose upper or lower critical dissolution temperature in water is 0 to 80 ° C. Need to be sown. As described above, when maturation is performed using picibanil, cells adhere firmly to the surface of the substrate, and only about half of the cells can be detached and recovered even after enzyme treatment. Maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation that have been induced by maturation can be easily detached simply by applying a temperature treatment. It is considered that the surface of the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate is suitable for recovering transplanted mature induced dendritic cells.

本発明に示す製造方法で得られる移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は、製造過程で酵素処理を受けておらず、成熟誘導化樹状細胞本来の機能を保持しているものであり、従って、それを体内に戻すだけで、免疫に係わる疾患の治療効果を期待できる。その疾患として、例えばウイルス持続感染症、悪性腫瘍、アレルギー、自己免疫疾患、移植後拒絶反応を治療することができるようになるが、これらに特に限定されるわけではない。  The matured induced dendritic cell for transplantation obtained by the production method shown in the present invention has not been subjected to enzyme treatment in the production process, and retains the original function of the matured induced dendritic cell. Just returning it to the body can be expected to have a therapeutic effect on diseases related to immunity. Examples of such diseases include persistent viral infections, malignant tumors, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and rejection after transplantation, but are not particularly limited thereto.

以下に、本発明を実施例に基づいて更に詳しく説明するが、これらは本発明を何ら限定するものではない。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but these do not limit the present invention in any way.

実施例1、2、3Examples 1, 2, 3

市販の3.5cmφ培養皿(ベクトン・ディッキンソン・ラブウェア(Becton Dickinson Labware)社製ファルコン(FALCON)3001)上に、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドモノマーを45%(実施例1)、51%(実施例2)、57%(実施例3)になるようにイソプロピルアルコールに溶解させたものを0.07ml塗布した。0.25MGyの強度の電子線を照射し、培養皿表面にN−イソプロピルアクリルアミドポリマー(PIPAAm)を固定化した。照射後、イオン交換水により培養皿を洗浄し、残存モノマーおよび培養皿に結合していないPIPAAmを取り除き、クリーンベンチ内で乾燥し、エチレンオキサイドガスで滅菌することで温度応答性細胞培養基材を得た。基材表面における温度応答性ポリマー量を測定したところ、それぞれ1.5μg/cm(実施例1)、1.9μg/cm(実施例2)、2.2μg/cm(実施例3)被覆されていることが分かった。On a commercially available 3.5 cmφ culture dish (Falcon 3001 manufactured by Becton Dickinson Labware), 45% of N-isopropylacrylamide monomer (Example 1) and 51% (Example 2). ), 57% (Example 3) was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, and 0.07 ml was applied. An electron beam with an intensity of 0.25 MGy was irradiated to immobilize N-isopropylacrylamide polymer (PIPAAm) on the surface of the culture dish. After irradiation, the culture dish is washed with ion-exchanged water to remove residual monomer and PIPAAm not bound to the culture dish, dried in a clean bench, and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas to obtain a temperature-responsive cell culture substrate. Obtained. Was measured thermoresponsive polymer amount in the substrate surface, each 1.5 [mu] g / cm2 (Example 1), 1.9μg / cm2 (Example2), 2.2μg / cm 2 (Example 3) It was found to be coated.

一方で、健常人の末梢血より調製したバフィーコート30mL当りリン酸緩衝生理的食塩水90mL加え、リンホセパール1が15mL入った遠心管に30mLずつ重層した。室温、400gにて30分遠心分離し、3層に分かれたうちの中層(リンパ球、単球分画)部分を回収し、リン酸緩衝生理的食塩水をさらに加え遠心分離することにより洗浄した。得られたペレットに培養液を加え細胞懸濁液を作製した。細胞懸濁液を2×10個細胞/mlとなるように希釈し、市販の10cmφ細胞培養用ディッシュに10mlずつ播種し、37℃の炭酸ガス培養装置で2時間インキュベートした。細胞培養用ディッシュを振盪後、上清を取り除き、接着細胞にIL−4とGM−CSFを含む新しい培養液に変え、6日間培養した。6日後に浮遊細胞(未成熟樹状細胞)を回収し、遠心により細胞を回収、洗浄した後に、ピシバニールを含む培養液で1×10個細胞/mlの細胞懸濁液とし、上述した温度応答性細胞培養基材に播種した。そのまま48時間、37℃の炭酸ガス培養装置で培養し、未成熟樹状細胞を成熟誘導化させた。培養後、温度応答性細胞培養基材を20℃に30分間放置することにより、成熟誘導化樹状細胞を温度応答性細胞培養基材から剥離させたところ、図1に示すように、成熟誘導化樹状細胞の剥離率はそれぞれ100%(実施例1)、98%(実施例2)、82%(実施例3)であった。本発明の方法に従えば、これまで培養基材表面から剥離することが困難であった成熟誘導化樹状細胞を高効率に剥離させられることが分かった。On the other hand, 90 mL of phosphate buffered physiological saline was added per 30 mL of buffy coat prepared from the peripheral blood of a healthy person, and 30 mL each was layered on a centrifuge tube containing 15 mL of Lymphosepar1. Centrifugation was carried out at 400 g for 30 minutes at room temperature, and the middle layer (lymphocyte and monocyte fraction) of the three layers was collected and washed by further adding phosphate buffered saline and centrifuging. . A culture solution was added to the obtained pellet to prepare a cell suspension. The cell suspension was diluted to 2 × 106 cells / ml, seeded at 10 ml each in a commercially available dish for 10 cmφ cell culture, and incubated for 2 hours in a 37 ° C. carbon dioxide culture apparatus. After shaking the cell culture dish, the supernatant was removed, and the adherent cells were changed to a new culture solution containing IL-4 and GM-CSF, and cultured for 6 days. After 6 days, floating cells (immature dendritic cells) were collected, and the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed, and then made into a cell suspension of 1 × 105 cells / ml in a culture solution containing picibanil, and the temperature described above. Seeded on responsive cell culture substrate. The cells were cultured for 48 hours in a carbon dioxide gas culture apparatus at 37 ° C. to immaturely induce immature dendritic cells. After culturing, the maturation-induced dendritic cells were detached from the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate by leaving the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes. As shown in FIG. The exfoliation rate of the dendritic cells was 100% (Example 1), 98% (Example 2), and 82% (Example 3), respectively. According to the method of the present invention, it has been found that maturation-induced dendritic cells that have been difficult to detach from the surface of the culture substrate can be exfoliated with high efficiency.

さらに、回収した細胞について、トリパンブルー染色による生存率測定、抗CD83及び抗CD86抗体による免疫染色後にフローサイトメトリーを用いることにより純度及び成熟樹状細胞マーカーの発現量を解析した。その結果、図2に示すように、トリパンブルー法による生存率の測定でも実施例1、2、3いずれの場合においても90%以上の生存率を示し、回収されたほぼすべての細胞が生存していることが確かめられた。また、フローサイトメトリーによるFSC/SSCの位置から求めた樹状細胞純度に関しても、70%以上と純度が高くなることが分かった。さらに分化・成熟した樹状細胞の表面マーカーであるCD83,CD86の発現量も、図4(CD83)、図5(CD86)に示すように、表面マーカーの平均発現量(MFI)は、ピシバニール処理し、成熟化させることにより増加していることが分かった。  Furthermore, the purity and the expression level of the mature dendritic cell marker were analyzed for the collected cells by using flow cytometry after measuring the viability by trypan blue staining and immunostaining with anti-CD83 and anti-CD86 antibodies. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the measurement of the survival rate by the trypan blue method showed a survival rate of 90% or more in any of Examples 1, 2, and 3, and almost all the recovered cells survived. It was confirmed that It was also found that the purity of dendritic cells determined from the position of FSC / SSC by flow cytometry was as high as 70% or more. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 4 (CD83) and 5 (CD86), the expression level of CD83 and CD86, which are surface markers of differentiated / matured dendritic cells, is determined by the treatment with picibanil. However, it was found to increase by maturing.

比較例1、2Comparative Examples 1 and 2

成熟誘導化樹状細胞を播種する基材として、市販の3.5cmφ培養皿(ベクトン・ディッキンソン・ラブウェア(Becton Dickinson Labware)社製ファルコン(FALCON)3001)上に、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドモノマーを30%(比較例1)、35%(比較例2)になるようにイソプロピルアルコールに溶解させたものを0.07ml塗布する以外は、全て実施例1と同様な手順で作業を行った。基材表面における温度応答性ポリマー量を測定したところ、それぞれ0.9μg/cm(比較例1)、1.1μg/cm(比較例2)被覆されていることが分かった。成熟誘導化培養後、0.1%トリプシンで15分間インキュベートすることにより、成熟誘導化樹状細胞を温度応答性細胞培養基材から剥離させたところ、成熟誘導化樹状細胞の剥離率は図1に示すように35%(比較例1)、57%(比較例2)であった。As a substrate for seeding mature-induced dendritic cells, 30 N-isopropylacrylamide monomer was placed on a commercially available 3.5 cmφ culture dish (Falcon 3001 manufactured by Becton Dickinson Labware). The procedures were all performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.07 ml of a solution dissolved in isopropyl alcohol so as to be 35% (Comparative Example 1) and 35% (Comparative Example 2) was applied. When the amount of the temperature-responsive polymer on the substrate surface was measured, it was found that the coating was 0.9 μg / cm2 (Comparative Example 1) and 1.1 μg / cm2 (Comparative Example 2), respectively. After maturation-induced culture, the maturation-induced dendritic cells were detached from the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate by incubating with 0.1% trypsin for 15 minutes. As shown in FIG. 1, they were 35% (Comparative Example 1) and 57% (Comparative Example 2).

回収した細胞について、トリパンブルー染色による生存率測定、抗CD83及び抗CD86抗体による免疫染色後にフローサイトメトリーを用いることにより純度及び成熟樹状細胞マーカーの発現量を解析した。その結果、図2に示すように、トリパンブルー法による生存率の測定でも実施例1、2、3よりも低い生存率であることが確かめられた。また、フローサイトメトリーによるFSC/SSCの位置から求めた樹状細胞純度に関しては、比較例1、2も実施例と同様、温度応答性ポリマーが被覆された基材表面から回収された細胞であるため、実施例の結果と同様に70%以上と純度が高くなることが分かった。さらに分化・成熟した樹状細胞の表面マーカーであるCD83,CD86の発現量についても、図4(CD83)、図5(CD86)に示すように、表面マーカーの平均発現量(MFI)は、ピシバニール処理し、成熟化させることにより増加していることが分かった。  The collected cells were analyzed for the viability by trypan blue staining, immunocytostaining with anti-CD83 and anti-CD86 antibodies, and analysis of purity and expression level of mature dendritic cell markers by using flow cytometry. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that the survival rate was lower than that of Examples 1, 2, and 3 even in the measurement of the survival rate by the trypan blue method. Moreover, regarding the dendritic cell purity calculated | required from the position of FSC / SSC by flow cytometry, the comparative examples 1 and 2 are the cells collect | recovered from the base-material surface coated with the temperature-responsive polymer similarly to an Example. Therefore, it was found that the purity was as high as 70% or more as in the results of the examples. Further, regarding the expression levels of CD83 and CD86, which are surface markers of differentiated and mature dendritic cells, as shown in FIG. 4 (CD83) and FIG. 5 (CD86), the average expression level (MFI) of the surface marker is Pisibanil. It was found to increase by processing and maturing.

比較例3Comparative Example 3

成熟誘導化樹状細胞を播種する基材を、市販の3.5cmφ培養皿(ベクトン・ディッキンソン・ラブウェア(Becton Dickinson Labware)社製ファルコン(FALCON)3001)とする以外は、全て実施例1と同様な手順で作業を行った。成熟誘導化培養後、0.1%トリプシンで15分間インキュベートすることにより、成熟誘導化樹状細胞を温度応答性細胞培養基材から剥離させたところ、成熟誘導化樹状細胞の剥離率は図1に示すように35%であった。  Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that the substrate on which the maturation-induced dendritic cells are seeded is a commercially available 3.5 cmφ culture dish (Falcon 3001 manufactured by Becton Dickinson Labware). The work was performed in the same procedure. After maturation-induced culture, the maturation-induced dendritic cells were detached from the temperature-responsive cell culture substrate by incubating with 0.1% trypsin for 15 minutes. As shown in 1, it was 35%.

回収した細胞について、トリパンブルー染色による生存率測定、抗CD83及び抗CD86抗体による免疫染色後にフローサイトメトリーを用いることにより純度及び成熟樹状細胞マーカーの発現量を解析した。その結果、図2に示すように、トリパンブルー法による生存率の測定でも実施例1、2、3よりも低い生存率であることが確かめられた。また、フローサイトメトリーによるFSC/SSCの位置から求めた樹状細胞純度に関しても、実施例に比べ低いことが分かった。さらに分化・成熟した樹状細胞の表面マーカーであるCD83,CD86の発現量についても、図4(CD83)、図5(CD86)に示すように、表面マーカーの平均発現量(MFI)は低く、ピシバニール処理し、成熟化させてもトリプシン処理によって減少してしまったことが分かる。  The collected cells were analyzed for the viability by trypan blue staining, immunocytostaining with anti-CD83 and anti-CD86 antibodies, and analysis of purity and expression level of mature dendritic cell markers by using flow cytometry. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that the survival rate was lower than that of Examples 1, 2, and 3 even in the measurement of the survival rate by the trypan blue method. It was also found that the dendritic cell purity determined from the position of FSC / SSC by flow cytometry was also lower than in the examples. Furthermore, regarding the expression levels of CD83 and CD86, which are surface markers of differentiated and mature dendritic cells, as shown in FIG. 4 (CD83) and FIG. 5 (CD86), the average expression level (MFI) of the surface markers is low, It can be seen that even when treated with pishibanil and matured, it was reduced by trypsin treatment.

癌免疫療法に用いられる樹状細胞は、理論上高機能な抗原提示細胞として働くことが期待されている。抗原提示能は細胞表面に存在する。従って、その細胞の表面が無傷に保たれていることはこの細胞が期待される効果を発揮するための重要な要件である。従来、用いられているトリプシンを用いた剥離法では、その基本要件が満たされておらず機能の低下を招いていたことが予想される。温度応答性器材を用いることにより初めて、ピシバニールを用いて成熟した樹状細胞を本来の高機能抗原提示細胞として機能させることができることが示唆される。  Dendritic cells used for cancer immunotherapy are expected to work as highly functional antigen-presenting cells. Antigen presenting ability exists on the cell surface. Therefore, keeping the cell surface intact is an important requirement for the cells to exert their expected effects. Conventional stripping methods using trypsin are expected to fail in function because the basic requirements are not satisfied. It is suggested for the first time by using a temperature-responsive device that dendritic cells matured using picibanil can function as original highly functional antigen-presenting cells.

実施例4、比較例4Example 4 and Comparative Example 4

実施例1で得られた成熟誘導化樹状細胞と、比較例3で得られた成熟誘導化樹状細胞について、両者の表面抗原分子の量的及び質的な相違をそれぞれの表面抗原に対する特異抗体を用いたウェスタンブロット法によって解析した(実施例1の成熟誘導化樹状細胞の検討を実施例4とする。比較例3の成熟誘導化樹状細胞の検討を比較例4とする。)。具体的には、回収した細胞をSDSサンプルバッファーに溶解し、タンパク定量を行い、1mgタンパク質/mlの濃度に細胞溶解液に調製した。これらを10%の濃度のポリアクリルアミドゲルに添加し、SDS電気泳動を行い、PVDF膜に転写し、抗ヒトCD80,抗ヒトCD83,及び抗ヒトCD86抗体を用いてウエスタンプロットを行った。その結果、実施例1の成熟誘導化樹状細胞から調製した細胞溶解液のウエスタンプロットでは、CD80,CD83,及びCD86に対して、それぞれ約60kDa、43kDa及び80kDaの幅広い一本のバンドを認めた。一方、比較例3から得られた成熟誘導化樹状細胞では、それぞれ淡い60kDa,43kDa,及び80kDaのバンドのほかに、より移動度の早い低分子側に、淡い幅広い数本のバンドが出現を認めた。これらの分子量の低いバンドは、トリプシンによるそれぞれの分子の部分分解物分子であると結論した。  Regarding the maturation-induced dendritic cells obtained in Example 1 and the maturation-induced dendritic cells obtained in Comparative Example 3, the quantitative and qualitative differences between the surface antigen molecules of each are specific to each surface antigen. The analysis was performed by Western blotting using an antibody (examination of maturation-induced dendritic cells of Example 1 is assumed to be Example 4. Comparison of maturation-induced dendritic cells of Comparative Example 3 is assumed to be Comparative Example 4). . Specifically, the collected cells were dissolved in SDS sample buffer, protein quantification was performed, and a cell lysate was prepared to a concentration of 1 mg protein / ml. These were added to a polyacrylamide gel having a concentration of 10%, subjected to SDS electrophoresis, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and subjected to Western plotting using anti-human CD80, anti-human CD83, and anti-human CD86 antibodies. As a result, in the Western plot of the cell lysate prepared from the maturation-induced dendritic cells of Example 1, a wide single band of about 60 kDa, 43 kDa, and 80 kDa was recognized for CD80, CD83, and CD86, respectively. . On the other hand, in the mature-induced dendritic cells obtained from Comparative Example 3, in addition to the light 60 kDa, 43 kDa, and 80 kDa bands, several light and wide bands appear on the low molecular side with higher mobility. Admitted. It was concluded that these low molecular weight bands were partial degradation products of each molecule by trypsin.

本発明の技術であれば、従来技術に比べ高収率に成熟誘導化樹状細胞を回収できるため、従って1回の治療に必要な移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞数をなるべく少量の末梢血、或いは骨髄から製造することができるようになり、患者の負担軽減も期待される。また、本発明で得られる移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞は酵素処理を受けていないため低損傷なものであり、免疫反応に有用な細胞表面抗原を破壊されておらず、そのものを使うことで効果的な免疫療法の実施が期待できる。したがって、本発明は臨床、細胞工学、医用工学等の医学、生物学等の分野における極めて有用な発明である。  According to the technique of the present invention, mature-induced dendritic cells can be collected at a higher yield than conventional techniques, and therefore the number of mature-induced dendritic cells for transplantation required for one treatment is as small as possible from peripheral blood. Alternatively, it can be manufactured from bone marrow, and the burden on the patient is expected to be reduced. In addition, the maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation obtained in the present invention are low-damaged because they have not been subjected to enzymatic treatment, and cell surface antigens useful for immune reactions have not been destroyed. Effective immunotherapy can be expected. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful in the fields of medicine, biology, etc. such as clinical, cell engineering, and medical engineering.

実施例1、2、3、比較例1、2、3に示すそれぞれの基材からの成熟誘導化樹状細胞の回収率を示すものである。  The recovery rate of the maturation induction dendritic cell from each base material shown in Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is shown. 実施例1、2、3、比較例1、2、3に示すそれぞれの基材から回収した成熟誘導化樹状細胞の生存率を示すものである。  The survival rate of the maturation induction dendritic cell collect | recovered from each base material shown in Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is shown. 実施例1、2、3、比較例1、2、3に示すそれぞれの基材から回収した成熟誘導化樹状細胞の純度を示すものである。  The purity of the maturation induction dendritic cell collect | recovered from each base material shown in Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is shown. 実施例1、2、3、比較例1、2、3に示すそれぞれの基材から回収した成熟誘導化樹状細胞のCD83の平均発現量を示すものである。  The average expression level of CD83 of the maturation induction dendritic cell collect | recovered from each base material shown in Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is shown. 実施例1、2、3、比較例1、2、3に示すそれぞれの基材から回収した成熟誘導化樹状細胞のCD86の平均発現量を示すものである。  The average expression level of CD86 of the maturation induction dendritic cell collect | recovered from each base material shown in Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is shown. 実施例4、比較例4に示す成熟誘導化樹状細胞の表面抗原(CD86)をウェスタンブロット法により解析した結果を示すものである。  The result of having analyzed the surface antigen (CD86) of the maturation induction dendritic cell shown in Example 4 and the comparative example 4 by a Western blotting is shown.

Claims (13)

Translated fromJapanese
生体外で成熟誘導化させ、培地中に浮遊させた状態の細胞表面抗原の損傷が少ない、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。Maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation that are in vitro induced in maturation and have little damage to cell surface antigens that are suspended in the medium.細胞表面抗原の損傷の程度が、細胞表面抗原をウェスタンブロット法で分析して細胞表面抗原分子に相当するものが単一バンドである、請求項1記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to claim 1, wherein the degree of damage of the cell surface antigen is a single band corresponding to the cell surface antigen molecule when the cell surface antigen is analyzed by Western blotting.細胞表面抗原がCD58、CD54、CD80、CD83、CD86のいずれか1つである、請求項1、2のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the cell surface antigen is any one of CD58, CD54, CD80, CD83, and CD86.細胞表面抗原の損傷が少ないことが、細胞のインターロイキン−12の産生能が高いことである、請求項1記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to claim 1, wherein the cell surface antigen is less damaged is a high ability of the cell to produce interleukin-12.樹状細胞が、末梢血、骨髄のいずれか1種、もしくは2種以上から得られたものを誘導化したものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced tree for transplantation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dendritic cells are derived from any one of peripheral blood and bone marrow, or those obtained from two or more. Cell.蛋白質分解酵素による処理が施されていない、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has not been treated with a proteolytic enzyme.ウイルス持続感染症、悪性腫瘍、アレルギー、自己免疫疾患、移植後拒絶反応を治療するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞。The maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, for treating persistent virus infection, malignant tumor, allergy, autoimmune disease, and rejection after transplantation.移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造が、
(1)末梢血、骨髄のいずれか1種、もしくは2種以上より血球分離装置を用いて血球成分を回収し、
(2)その回収した血球成分から、プラスチック製培養皿への付着性、もしくはCD14抗体を利用した分離法により単球成分を単離し、
(3)それを再びプラスチック製培養表面に付着させた後、少なくともGM−CSFを用いてその単球を未熟樹状細胞へ誘導させ、浮遊してきた未熟樹状細胞を培地とともに回収し、
(4)その未熟樹状細胞を水に対する上限もしくは下限臨界溶解温度が0〜80℃である温度応答性ポリマーを特定量被覆した温度応答性細胞培養基材表面上に播種し、少なくともピシバニールを用いて成熟樹状細胞へ誘導化させた後、
(5)培養液温度を上限臨界溶解温度以上または下限臨界溶解温度以下とし、酵素処理を施すことなく成熟樹状細胞を剥離する方法
である、移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造方法。
The production of mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation
(1) Collect blood cell components from one or more of peripheral blood and bone marrow using a blood cell separator,
(2) The monocyte component is isolated from the collected blood cell component by adhesion to a plastic culture dish or by a separation method using a CD14 antibody,
(3) After attaching it to the plastic culture surface again, the monocytes are induced into immature dendritic cells using at least GM-CSF, and the immature dendritic cells that have floated are collected together with the medium.
(4) The immature dendritic cells are seeded on the surface of a temperature-responsive cell culture substrate coated with a specific amount of a temperature-responsive polymer having an upper or lower critical solution temperature in water of 0 to 80 ° C., and at least using picibanil And then induced to mature dendritic cells,
(5) A method for producing a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation, which is a method in which a culture solution temperature is set to a temperature higher than or equal to an upper critical lysis temperature or lower than or equal to a lower critical lysis temperature, and mature dendritic cells are detached without performing enzyme treatment.
温度応答性ポリマーが、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)である、請求項8記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造方法。The method for producing a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to claim 8, wherein the temperature-responsive polymer is poly (N-isopropylacrylamide).温度応答性ポリマーの被覆量が、1.3〜2.2μg/cmである、請求項8、9のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造方法。The method for producing a maturation-induced dendritic cell for transplantation according to any one of claims 8 and 9, wherein the coating amount of the temperature-responsive polymer is 1.3 to 2.2 µg / cm2 .1回の治療に必要な血球分離装置で処理される末梢血量が1.8〜2.5リットルである、請求項8記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞の製造方法。The method for producing maturation-induced dendritic cells for transplantation according to claim 8, wherein the peripheral blood volume treated with a blood cell separation apparatus required for one treatment is 1.8 to 2.5 liters.治療が、ウイルス持続感染症、悪性腫瘍、アレルギー、自己免疫疾患、移植後拒絶反応である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を移植することを特徴とする治療法。Transplanting mature induced dendritic cells for transplantation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the treatment is persistent viral infection, malignant tumor, allergy, autoimmune disease, rejection after transplantation And treatment.移植方法が移植用成熟誘導化樹状細胞を末梢血に戻すことを特徴とする、請求項12記載の治療法。The method according to claim 12, wherein the transplantation method returns the matured dendritic cells for transplantation to the peripheral blood.
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