本申请是申请日为2005年12月21日，申请号为201510628690.X，发明名称为“通过取向可排列薄片形成的运动图像”的申请的分案申请。This application is a divisional application of an application filed on December 21, 2005, with application number 201510628690.X and invention name “Moving image formed by oriented alignable thin sheets”.
申请日为2005年12月21日，申请号为201510628690.X，发明名称为“通过取向可排列薄片形成的运动图像”的申请是名称为“通过取向可排列薄片形成的运动图像”的发明专利申请No.201210145595.0的分案申请；而该发明专利申请No.201210145595.0是名称为“通过取向可排列薄片形成的运动图像”、国际申请日为2005年12月21日、国际申请号为PCT/US2005/046538、国家申请号为200580044547.0的发明专利申请的分案申请。The application with the application date of December 21, 2005, application number 201510628690.X, and invention name “Moving images formed by oriented arrayable sheets” is a divisional application of the invention patent application No. 201210145595.0, which is entitled “Moving images formed by oriented arrayable sheets”; and the invention patent application No. 201210145595.0 is a divisional application of the invention patent application entitled “Moving images formed by oriented arrayable sheets”, with the international application date of December 21, 2005, international application number PCT/US2005/046538, and national application number 200580044547.0.
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本发明申请是2004年12月22日提交的美国专利申请11/022106的继续部分并要求其优先权，现在是公开的申请2005－0106367；该申请要求2003年3月11日提交的美国专利申请10/386894的优先权，现在是公开的申请2004/0051297；该申请要求以下申请的优先权：Vladimir P.Raksha 2002年9月13日提交的美国临时专利申请60/410546、VladimirP.Raksha,Paul G.Coombs,Charles T.Markantes,Dishuan Chu和Jay M.Holman 2002年9月13日提交的美国临时专利申请60/410547、Vladimir P.Raksha,Paul G.Coombs,CharlesT.Markantes,Dishuan Chu和Jay M.Holman 2002年7月15日提交的美国临时专利申请60/396210，这些专利申请的内容在所有方面其整体结合在此。This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/022,106, filed Dec. 22, 2004, now published as 2005-0106367; which application claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/386,894, filed Mar. 11, 2003, now published as 2004/0051297; which application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/410,546, filed Sep. 13, 2002, by Vladimir P. Raksha; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/410,547, filed Sep. 13, 2002, by Vladimir P. Raksha, Paul G. Coombs, Charles T. Markantes, Dishuan Chu, and Jay M. Holman; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/410,547, filed Sep. 13, 2002, by Vladimir P. Raksha, Paul G. Coombs, Charles T. Markantes, Dishuan Chu, and Jay M. Holman. U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/396,210, filed July 15, 2002, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety for all purposes.
技术领域Technical Field
本发明一般地涉及光可变颜料、薄膜、墨水、油漆、装置和图像，更具体地，涉及具有排列或取向颜料薄片的图像，例如，在油漆或印刷工艺过程中形成的，从而得到迷幻的光效果。本发明特别应用于磁性地排列可排列的颜料薄片，并且还可以应用于在电场中排列非磁性的绝缘或半导体薄片。The present invention generally relates to optically variable pigments, films, inks, paints, devices, and images, and more particularly to images having aligned or oriented pigment flakes, for example, formed during a painting or printing process, to produce psychedelic optical effects. The present invention has particular application to magnetically aligning alignable pigment flakes and may also be applied to aligning nonmagnetic insulating or semiconducting flakes in an electric field.
光可变装置有着广泛的用途，既有装饰性的，也有实用性的。光可变装置可以用很多方式制成，以便达到不同的效果。光可变装置的例子包括印在信用卡和授权软件文件上的全息图、印在钞票上的彩色转移图像，以及用于增强诸如摩托车头盔和轮罩等物品的外观。Optically variable devices (OVDs) have a wide range of uses, both decorative and practical. They can be fabricated in a variety of ways to achieve a variety of effects. Examples include holograms printed on credit cards and authorized software files, color transfer images printed on banknotes, and devices used to enhance the appearance of items such as motorcycle helmets and wheel covers.
光可变装置可以制成薄膜或箔，可以通过加压、压印、粘贴或其它方式结合到物体上，并且还可以使用光可变颜料制成。一种光可变颜料是通常所谓的彩色转移颜料，因为用这种颜料适当印刷的图像的外观色彩随着观看角度和/或照明倾斜而变化。一个常见的例子是在美国20美元钞票右下角用彩色转移颜料印刷的“20”，这作为防伪标记。Optically variable devices can be made into films or foils, which can be attached to an object by pressing, embossing, gluing, or other methods. They can also be made using optically variable pigments. One type of optically variable pigment is commonly known as a color-shifting pigment, because the apparent color of an image properly printed with such a pigment changes with viewing angle and/or lighting. A common example is the "20" printed with color-shifting pigment in the lower right corner of the US $20 bill, which serves as an anti-counterfeiting feature.
这些防伪标记是隐蔽的，而有一些是引人注意的。本发明涉及公开的特征，用于引人注意，但可以使用其中具有隐蔽特征的薄片，例如邮戳。此外，可以使用具有光栅和全息特征的薄片。但不幸的是，一些引人注意的光可变标记未得到广泛认可，因为这些标记的光可变特征不是特别地引人注目。例如，利用彩色转移颜料印刷的图像的色彩转移，在均匀的荧光顶灯下不能引人注意，但在直接阳光下或在单点照明下更加引人注意。这使造假者更加容易混过没有光可变特征的假钞，因为接收者不可能注意到光可变特征，或者因为假钞可能在某些情况下看上去很类似于真钞。These security markings are covert, while some are noticeable. The present invention relates to overt features for attracting attention, but sheets with covert features therein, such as postal indicia, may be used. In addition, sheets with grating and holographic features may be used. Unfortunately, some noticeable optically variable markings have not been widely accepted because the optically variable features of these markings are not particularly noticeable. For example, the color shift of an image printed with color-shifting pigments may not be noticeable under uniform fluorescent overhead lighting, but may be more noticeable in direct sunlight or under single-point lighting. This makes it easier for counterfeiters to pass off counterfeit banknotes without optically variable features because the recipient is unlikely to notice the optically variable features, or because the counterfeit banknotes may, in some cases, look very similar to genuine banknotes.
光可变标记还可以用磁性颜料制成，颜料(通常处于载体中，例如调墨水的溶液或调漆的溶液)在应用于表面之后在磁场中可以排列。但是，具有磁性颜料的涂料大多用于装饰目的。例如，已描述过使用磁性颜料生产具有装饰特征的油漆轮罩，其看上去像三维形状。在油漆产品上形成图案是通过在油漆介质仍处于液态的同时对产品应用磁场。油漆介质分散沿磁力线排列的磁性非球形颗粒。磁场具有两个区域。第一区具有平行于表面取向的并且沿所需图案形状排列的磁力线。第二区具有不平行于油漆产品表面的并环绕图案排列的磁力线。为了形成图案，具有与所需图案形状对应的形状的永磁体或电磁体设置在油漆产品下面，使分散在油漆中的非球形磁性颗粒在油漆仍处于湿润的同时沿磁场取向。当油漆干燥时，由于入射到油漆层的光线受取向磁性颗粒的影响不同，因此可以在油漆产品的表面见到图案。Optically variable markings can also be made with magnetic pigments, which (usually in a carrier, such as a solution for ink or paint) align in a magnetic field after application to a surface. However, coatings with magnetic pigments are mostly used for decorative purposes. For example, the use of magnetic pigments to produce decorative features in painted wheel covers that appear to have three-dimensional shapes has been described. The pattern is formed on the paint product by applying a magnetic field to the paint medium while it is still in a liquid state. The paint medium disperses magnetic non-spherical particles that align along magnetic field lines. The magnetic field has two regions. The first region has magnetic field lines oriented parallel to the surface and aligned in the shape of the desired pattern. The second region has magnetic field lines that are non-parallel to the surface of the paint product and circumvent the pattern. To form the pattern, a permanent magnet or electromagnet with a shape corresponding to the desired pattern is placed beneath the paint product, causing the non-spherical magnetic particles dispersed in the paint to align along the magnetic field while the paint is still wet. When the paint dries, the pattern becomes visible on the surface of the paint product because light incident on the paint layer is affected differently by the oriented magnetic particles.
同样地，已经描述了在荧光聚合物基体中形成薄片磁性颗粒图案的工艺。在用液相形式的成分涂覆产品之后，将具有所需形状的磁体置于基体下面。分散于液体有机介质中的磁性薄片自身平行于磁力线取向，从起始平面取向倾斜。此倾斜从垂直于基体表面变化到起始取向，这包括基本上平行于产品表面的薄片。平面取向的薄片将入射光反射回观看者，而重新取向的薄片不会，是在涂层中提供三维图案的外观。Similarly, a process for forming a pattern of flake-shaped magnetic particles in a fluorescent polymer matrix has been described. After coating the product with the composition in liquid form, a magnet with the desired shape is placed beneath the matrix. The magnetic flakes dispersed in the liquid organic medium orient themselves parallel to the magnetic field lines, tilting from their initial planar orientation. This tilt varies from perpendicular to the matrix surface to the initial orientation, which includes flakes that are essentially parallel to the product surface. The planar-oriented flakes reflect incident light back to the viewer, while the reoriented flakes do not, giving the appearance of a three-dimensional pattern in the coating.
因此需要在金融文件和其它产品上形成更加引人注意的光可变安全特征，并且提供被造假者难以复制的特征。There is therefore a need to form optically variable security features on financial documents and other products that are more noticeable and provide features that are difficult for counterfeiters to replicate.
还需要形成用其中含有可排列薄片的墨水和油漆制成的增加印刷图像真实性的特征，特别是物体的印刷图像，更加特殊的是可识别的三维物体。There is also a need to form features that increase the realism of printed images made with inks and paints containing aligned flakes therein, particularly printed images of objects, more particularly recognizable three-dimensional objects.
在此之前，在本发明申请的发明者的专利申请PCT/US2003/020665中披露了本发明的公知为“滚动条”和“后滚翻”的实施例，这为由磁性可排列颜料薄片构成的图像提供运动特征，这是提供运动错觉的特征，其中薄片以特殊方式排列。虽然这宣布了颜料薄片排列领域的显著进展，并且更一般地涉及防伪涂层，但本发明者已经发现滚动条和其它滚动物体的新的和令人激动的用途，例如滚动半球，这产生由可排列颜料薄片形成的现实3-D类图像，而在此之前没有实现。根据图像倾斜的角度或者照在图像上的光源变化的角度，滚动半球看上去在所有方向在x-y平面上运动。Previously, embodiments of the present invention, known as "rolling bars" and "back rolls," were disclosed in patent application PCT/US2003/020665 by the inventors of the present invention, which provided motion features to images composed of magnetically alignable pigment flakes, a feature that provides the illusion of motion, wherein the flakes are arranged in a particular pattern. While this heralded a significant advancement in the field of pigment flake arrangement, and more generally in relation to anti-counterfeiting coatings, the inventors have discovered new and exciting uses for rolling bars and other rolling objects, such as a rolling hemisphere, which produces realistic 3-D-like images formed from alignable pigment flakes, which have not been achieved heretofore. Depending on the angle at which the image is tilted or the angle of the light source shining on the image, the rolling hemisphere appears to move in all directions in the x-y plane.
虽然上述PCT专利申请中所披露的滚动条在整个长形图像上呈现运动条的错觉，但此发明具有局限性。它是一个可以观察到的单一的运动特征，而且也有些难以复制，但实质上它为观看者提供看到不变的均匀大小和强度的滚动条的经验，因为它看上去沿基体在其远离的矩形图像上运动。While the scrolling bar disclosed in the aforementioned PCT patent application provides the illusion of a moving bar across an elongated image, this invention has limitations. It is a single observable moving feature, somewhat difficult to replicate, but essentially provides the viewer with the experience of seeing a constant scrolling bar of uniform size and intensity as it appears to move along the substrate across its receding rectangular image.
在本发明中，发明者已经发现，将滚动条作为填充用在弯曲的可识别物体的轮廓内，特别是光滑弯曲的可识别物体，例如带、罩、容器或足球，产生超出滚动条在矩形纸张上前后运动所能达到的、惊人的效果。滚动条在为物体图像提供现实的动态阴影的同时，不但看上去在整个图像上运动，而且看上去随着在包含其所在的封闭区域内的这种运动增大和缩小或膨胀和收缩。在条的尺寸或面积不变的一些情况下，例如，作为图像内的处于一起运动的两条一致的曲线之间的部分填充，曲线之间的空间由滚动条填充，条看上去在整个图像上运动，同时上下运动。因此，该发明通过在非矩形轮廓封闭形状的物体内使用滚动条，提供高度所需的光效果，其中滚动条的面积随着条在整个图像上运动而变化，或者其中当图像倾斜或者图像上的光源变化时，条看上去同时水平和垂直地运动。另外，如果条设计成具有适合的尺寸和半径的曲线，则它可以作为图像中动态的、运动的、收缩的或膨胀的阴影部分，提供额外的真实性。还发现，当滚动条看上去模拟真实物体图像上的运动阴影时(真实物体能在光线照在上面时产生阴影)，滚动条看上去具有最好的效果。在这些重要应用中，优选地，形成滚动条的薄片的曲率半径处于一定数值范围内，此时其所应用的真实物体的图像看上去是正确弯曲的，因此表现出真实性。本发明的一个目的是根据图像倾斜或者照在图像上的光源位置的改变，提供具有运动特征的光错觉图像。In the present invention, the inventors have discovered that using a scrolling bar as a fill within the outline of a curved, recognizable object, particularly a smoothly curved recognizable object such as a belt, a hood, a container, or a soccer ball, produces a striking effect that goes beyond what can be achieved by simply moving the scrolling bar back and forth across a rectangular sheet of paper. While providing realistic, dynamic shading for the object image, the scrolling bar not only appears to move across the entire image, but also appears to expand and contract, or expand and contract, with this movement within the enclosed area containing it. In some cases where the bar's size or area remains constant, such as when used as a partial fill between two identical curves moving together within the image, with the scrolling bar filling the space between the curves, the bar appears to move across the entire image, moving both up and down. Thus, the present invention provides highly desirable lighting effects within closed-shaped objects with non-rectangular outlines, where the area of the scrolling bar changes as the bar moves across the image, or where the bar appears to move both horizontally and vertically when the image is tilted or the light source within the image changes. Furthermore, if the bar is designed as a curve with the appropriate size and radius, it can provide additional realism by acting as a dynamic, moving, contracting, or expanding shadow component within the image. It has also been found that scrolling bars appear most effective when they appear to simulate moving shadows on an image of a real object (real objects can cast shadows when light shines on them). In these important applications, the radius of curvature of the sheet forming the scrolling bar is preferably within a certain range of values so that the image of the real object to which it is applied appears to be correctly curved, thereby appearing realistic. One object of the present invention is to provide an optical illusion image with a moving characteristic based on the tilt of the image or the change in the position of the light source shining on the image.
本说明书中使用的术语矩形是指具有4个直角的四边形。因此，非矩形物体或图像不具有4条侧边和4个直角。The term rectangle used in this specification refers to a quadrilateral with four right angles. Therefore, a non-rectangular object or image does not have four sides and four right angles.
本发明用于形成物体的图像，其中物体的图像包括特殊效果，例如滚动条效果，从而当物体图像倾斜时或者当照在图像上的光源变化时提供运动阴影的错觉。在本说明书中的物体的定义是可触觉的和可见的实体，能投射阴影的实体。The present invention is used to form an image of an object, wherein the image of the object includes special effects, such as a scroll bar effect, to provide the illusion of moving shadows when the image of the object is tilted or when the light source shining on the image changes. The definition of an object in this specification is a tangible and visible entity that can cast a shadow.
术语滚动条并不限于直线条，因为根据其应用领域的形状，可以是弯曲条。The term scroll bar is not limited to a straight bar, as it can be a curved bar depending on its shape in the field of application.
发明内容Summary of the Invention
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供一种作为安全特征或装饰特征特别有用的运动图像，包括：其中具有滚动条的物体的非矩形封闭区，其特征在于当倾斜图像或改变照在图像上的光源位置时，滚动条看上去运动穿过图像，并且滚动条的面积随着条运动穿过图像而变化，或者当滚动条看上去运动时，滚动条看上去水平和垂直地同时运动。According to one embodiment of the present invention, a moving image is provided that is particularly useful as a security feature or decorative feature, comprising: a non-rectangular enclosed area of an object having a scrolling bar therein, characterized in that when the image is tilted or the position of a light source shining on the image is changed, the scrolling bar appears to move across the image, and the area of the scrolling bar changes as the bar moves across the image, or when the scrolling bar appears to move, the scrolling bar appears to move both horizontally and vertically.
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供一种作为安全特征或装饰特征特别有用的、能产生阴影的三维物体的运动图像，包括：多个颜料薄片，所述颜料薄片填充在薄片排列后形成滚动条的区域，并且滚动条对三维物体图像提供阴影和深度，当照在图像上的光源改变时，阴影看上去运动。According to one embodiment of the present invention, a moving image of a three-dimensional object capable of producing shadows, which is particularly useful as a security or decorative feature, is provided, comprising: a plurality of pigment flakes that fill an area that forms a scrolling bar when the flakes are arranged, and the scrolling bar provides shadows and depth to the image of the three-dimensional object, and when the light source shining on the image changes, the shadows appear to move.
根据本发明，提供一种立体图，其特征在于至少一个区的立体图具有形成滚动条的薄片，用于在立体图上形成阴影。According to the invention, a stereogram is provided, characterized in that the stereogram of at least one zone has a sheet forming a scroll bar for forming a shadow on the stereogram.
根据本发明，提供一种运动图像，包括：印刷在基体上的图像，所述图像是由颜料薄片构成的，其特征在于薄片处于第一拱形图案，形成穿过至少一部分图像的第一对比条，并且薄片处于第二拱形图案，形成穿过至少不同部分图像的第二对比条，并且当图像相对观看角度倾斜时，第一和第二对比条看上去同时沿不同方向运动。According to the present invention, there is provided a moving image comprising: an image printed on a substrate, the image being comprised of pigment flakes, wherein the flakes are in a first arcuate pattern forming first contrasting bars across at least a portion of the image, and the flakes are in a second arcuate pattern forming second contrasting bars across at least a different portion of the image, and wherein the first and second contrasting bars appear to move simultaneously in different directions when the image is tilted relative to a viewing angle.
根据本发明，提供一种物体运动图像。图像包括多个场排列颜料薄片，其特征在于物体具有三维空间中可识别的三维可变形状，并且滚动条处于代表物体的轮廓中，从而当图像相对观看角度倾斜时，提供变化的阴影效果，并且滚动条的面积随着图像相对观看角度的倾斜而变化。According to the present invention, a moving image of an object is provided. The image includes a plurality of field-arrayed pigment flakes, wherein the object has a three-dimensional, variable shape recognizable in three-dimensional space, and a scrolling bar is disposed within the outline representing the object, thereby providing a changing shading effect when the image is tilted relative to a viewing angle, and the area of the scrolling bar changes as the image is tilted relative to the viewing angle.
根据本发明，提供一种图像，其特征在于第一滚动条包括排列的颜料薄片占据图像的第一区，第一区具有形成其轮廓外形的非矩形弯曲区，并且第二滚动条置于图像的第二区中，且当图像在一个方向倾斜时，两条滚动条为观看者提供第一区和第二区之间相对运动的错觉。According to the present invention, there is provided an image characterized in that a first scrolling bar comprises arranged pigment flakes occupying a first region of the image, the first region having a non-rectangular curved region forming its outline, and a second scrolling bar is positioned in a second region of the image, and when the image is tilted in one direction, the two scrolling bars provide a viewer with the illusion of relative motion between the first region and the second region.
根据本发明，提供一种印刷在基体上的图像，包括：涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的非矩形封闭区，其特征在于所述薄片的排列使其中产生诸如滚动条或半球的运动物体，当倾斜图像或改变照在图像上的光源位置时，运动物体看上去运动经过封闭区，并且当物体看上去运动经过该区时，运动物体的面积变化，或者当运动物体看上去运动时，物体看上去同时水平和垂直地运动。According to the present invention, there is provided an image printed on a substrate, comprising: a non-rectangular enclosed area coated with arranged pigment flakes, characterized in that the arrangement of the flakes produces a moving object such as a rolling bar or a hemisphere therein, and when the image is tilted or the position of the light source shining on the image is changed, the moving object appears to move through the enclosed area, and when the object appears to move through the area, the area of the moving object changes, or when the moving object appears to move, the object appears to move both horizontally and vertically.
根据本发明，提供一种在图像内具有两条滚动条的图像，并且当图像沿一个方向倾斜时，滚动条看上去沿不同方向运动。According to the present invention, an image is provided having two scroll bars within the image, and when the image is tilted in one direction, the scroll bars appear to move in different directions.
根据本发明，提供一种图像，在图像内具有两条滚动条，并且当图像沿一个方向倾斜时，滚动条看上去朝向彼此运动或远离彼此运动。According to the present invention, an image is provided having two scroll bars within the image, and when the image is tilted in one direction, the scroll bars appear to move toward or away from each other.
在本发明特殊实施例中，滚动条的曲率半径是图像轮廓内一条曲线的曲率半径的至少四分之一，且优选地大于一半。In a special embodiment of the invention, the radius of curvature of the scroll bar is at least one quarter of the radius of curvature of a curve within the image contour, and preferably greater than half.
在本发明其它实施例中，滚动条的曲率半径与图像轮廓内一条曲线的曲率半径至少一样大。In other embodiments of the present invention, the radius of curvature of the scroll bar is at least as large as the radius of curvature of a curve within the image outline.
在另一个实施例中，曲率半径足以跨过三维实际物体的整个图像。In another embodiment, the radius of curvature is sufficient to span the entire image of the three-dimensional real object.
根据本发明的另一个实施例，提供一种印刷在基体上的图像，包括：涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的第一区，其特征在于所述薄片的排列使其中产生第一运动物体，以及涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的第二区，其中所述薄片的排列使其中产生第二运动物体，并且当倾斜图像时，第一和第二运动物体看上去沿不同方向同时运动。According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an image printed on a substrate, comprising: a first area coated with arranged pigment flakes, characterized in that the arrangement of the flakes produces a first moving object therein, and a second area coated with arranged pigment flakes, wherein the arrangement of the flakes produces a second moving object therein, and when the image is tilted, the first and second moving objects appear to move simultaneously in different directions.
在本发明的另一个实施例中，形成具有第一区的图像，第一区涂覆有颜料薄片，其特征在于薄片的排列形成可观察到的运动半球，当倾斜图像或改变光源时，提供滚动球的外观。In another embodiment of the invention, an image is formed having a first region coated with pigment flakes, characterized in that the flakes are arranged to form an observable moving hemisphere providing the appearance of a rolling ball when the image is tilted or the light source is changed.
在本发明的一个实施例中，形成一种图像，包括以下步骤：提供圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场；In one embodiment of the present invention, forming an image includes the following steps: providing a dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field;
提供具有磁性可排列颜料薄片涂层的基体；providing a substrate having a coating of magnetically alignable pigment flakes;
将涂层置于圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场内；placing the coating in a dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field;
相对旋转基体和圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场；以及relatively rotating the base and the dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field; and
使涂层固化。Allow the coating to cure.
本申请还涉及以下内容：This application also covers the following:
1)一种印刷在基体上的图像，包括：1) An image printed on a substrate, comprising:
涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的非矩形封闭区，其特征在于所述薄片的排列使其中产生运动物体，并且当倾斜图像或改变照在图像上的光源位置时，运动物体看上去运动经过封闭区，并且当运动物体看上去运动经过该区时，运动物体的面积变化，或者当运动物体看上去运动时，运动物体看上去同时水平和垂直地运动。A non-rectangular enclosed area coated with arranged pigment flakes, characterized in that the flakes are arranged so as to produce a moving object therein, and when the image is tilted or the position of the light source shining on the image is changed, the moving object appears to move through the enclosed area, and when the moving object appears to move through the area, the area of the moving object changes, or when the moving object appears to move, the moving object appears to move both horizontally and vertically.
2)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于当运动物体看上去运动时，运动物体看上去比周围薄片亮，并且封闭区具有弯曲边缘。2) An image according to 1), characterized in that when a moving object appears to be moving, the moving object appears brighter than the surrounding thin film, and the closed area has curved edges.
3)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于当运动物体看上去运动时，运动物体看上去比周围薄片暗。3) The image according to 1), characterized in that when a moving object appears to be moving, the moving object appears darker than the surrounding flakes.
4)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于运动物体是第一滚动条。4) The image according to 1), characterized in that the moving object is a first scroll bar.
5)根据4)所述的图像，其包括第二滚动条。5) The image according to 4), comprising a second scroll bar.
6)根据5)所述的图像，其特征在于当倾斜图像或从不同方向观看时，第一和第二滚动条看上去沿不同方向运动。6) The image according to 5), characterized in that when the image is tilted or viewed from different directions, the first and second scroll bars appear to move in different directions.
7)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于运动物体是滚动条或滚动半球，并且当在倾斜图像时物体看上去运动时，物体尺寸变化。7) The image according to 1), characterized in that the moving object is a rolling bar or a rolling hemisphere, and when the object appears to move when the image is tilted, the size of the object changes.
8)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于图像具有第二封闭区，并且第二封闭区包括具有排列的颜料薄片的涂层。8) The image according to 1), characterized in that the image has a second closed area, and the second closed area comprises a coating with aligned pigment flakes.
9)根据1)所述的图像，其特征在于非矩形封闭区代表能投射阴影的物体，物体内的运动物体提供阴影和深度感觉，以及增大识别物体的运动。9) An image according to 1), characterized in that non-rectangular enclosed areas represent objects that can cast shadows, and moving objects within the objects provide shadows and depth perception, as well as enhance the movement of the identified objects.
10)根据9)所述的图像，其特征在于封闭区具有一条或多条弯曲线，运动物体在其看上去运动时跟随一条或多条弯曲线。10) An image according to 9), characterized in that the closed area has one or more curved lines, and the moving object follows the one or more curved lines when it appears to move.
11)根据1)所述的印刷在基体上的图像，其特征在于用于产生运动物体的、排列的颜料薄片，在非矩形封闭区内按拱形结构取向，并且在图像内产生第二运动物体，第二运动物体内的薄片是相对拱形。11) An image printed on a substrate according to 1), characterized in that the arranged pigment flakes used to produce a moving object are oriented in an arched structure within a non-rectangular closed area, and a second moving object is produced within the image, the flakes within the second moving object being relatively arched.
12)一种印刷在基体上的图像，包括：12) An image printed on a substrate, comprising:
涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的非矩形封闭区，其特征在于所述薄片的排列使其中产生运动物体，并且当倾斜图像或改变照在图像上的光源位置时，运动物体看上去运动经过封闭区，并且当物体看上去运动经过该区时，运动物体的面积变化，或者当运动物体看上去运动时，物体看上去同时水平和垂直地运动。A non-rectangular enclosed area coated with arranged pigment flakes, characterized in that the flakes are arranged so as to produce a moving object therein, and when the image is tilted or the position of the light source shining on the image is changed, the moving object appears to move through the enclosed area, and the area of the moving object changes as the object appears to move through the area, or when the moving object appears to move, the object appears to move both horizontally and vertically.
13)一种印刷在基体上的图像，所述图像包括：载体中的多个磁性颜料薄片，其特征在于一部分多个磁性薄片相对于基体表面排列成拱形图案，从而形成横过图像的对比条，出现在第一相邻区与第二相邻区之间，当倾斜图像时，对比条看上去相对于第一相邻区和第二相邻区运动，多个磁性薄片排列成一种图案，从而当倾斜图像时形成横过图像的双对比条。13) An image printed on a substrate, the image comprising: a plurality of magnetic pigment flakes in a carrier, characterized in that a portion of the plurality of magnetic flakes are arranged in an arcuate pattern relative to the surface of the substrate to form a contrast stripe across the image, appearing between a first adjacent area and a second adjacent area, when the image is tilted, the contrast stripe appears to move relative to the first adjacent area and the second adjacent area, and the plurality of magnetic flakes are arranged in a pattern to form a double contrast stripe across the image when the image is tilted.
14)一种印刷在基体上的图像，包括：涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的第一区，其特征在于所述薄片的排列使其中产生第一运动物体，以及涂覆有排列的颜料薄片的第二区，所述薄片的排列使其中产生第二运动物体，并且当倾斜图像时，第一和第二运动物体看上去沿不同方向同时运动。14) An image printed on a substrate, comprising: a first area coated with arranged pigment flakes, characterized in that the arrangement of the flakes produces a first moving object therein, and a second area coated with arranged pigment flakes, the arrangement of the flakes produces a second moving object therein, and when the image is tilted, the first and second moving objects appear to move simultaneously in different directions.
15)根据14)所述的图像，其特征在于第一和第二运动物体是滚动条，并且滚动条在倾斜图像时沿相反方向运动。15) The image according to 14), characterized in that the first and second moving objects are scroll bars, and the scroll bars move in opposite directions when the image is tilted.
16)一种能投射阴影的三维物体的运动图像，包括：填充一个区域形成至少一部分图像的多个颜料薄片，其特征在于该区域内的颜料薄片的排列形成滚动条，并且滚动条为三维物体的图像提供阴影和深度，并且当照在图像上的光源变化时，阴影看上去运动。16) A moving image of a three-dimensional object capable of casting a shadow, comprising: a plurality of pigment flakes filling an area to form at least a portion of the image, characterized in that the arrangement of the pigment flakes in the area forms a scroll bar, and the scroll bar provides shadows and depth to the image of the three-dimensional object, and when the light source shining on the image changes, the shadow appears to move.
17)一种物体的立体图像，其特征在于至少一个区域的立体图像具有可排列的颜料薄片，颜料薄片处于载体内涂覆在基体上形成滚动条或滚动半球，从而为物体提供阴影。17) A three-dimensional image of an object, characterized in that at least one area of the three-dimensional image has alignable pigment flakes, which are in a carrier and coated on a substrate to form rolling strips or rolling hemispheres, thereby providing a shadow for the object.
18)根据17)所述的物体的立体图像，其特征在于一部分图像具有滚动半球，并且另一部分图像具有滚动条。18) A stereoscopic image of an object according to 17), characterized in that a part of the image has a rolling hemisphere and another part of the image has a rolling bar.
19)一种形成具有运动半球或倒半球的图像的方法，包括以下步骤：提供圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场；提供具有磁性可排列颜料薄片涂层的基体；将涂层后的基体置于圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场内；相对旋转涂层后的基体和圆拱顶形或倒圆拱顶形磁场；以及使涂层固化。19) A method for forming an image having a moving hemisphere or an inverted hemisphere, comprising the steps of: providing a dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field; providing a substrate having a coating of magnetically alignable pigment flakes; placing the coated substrate in the dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field; rotating the coated substrate and the dome-shaped or inverted dome-shaped magnetic field relative to each other; and curing the coating.
20)一种形成图像的方法，包括以下步骤：20) A method for forming an image, comprising the following steps:
用颜料薄片涂层涂覆基体，以及在涂层固化之前，将涂层暴露在变化的磁场，在磁场内移动基体，或变化透过涂层的磁场。A substrate is coated with a coating of pigment flakes and, before the coating is cured, the coating is exposed to a varying magnetic field, the substrate is moved within the magnetic field, or the magnetic field is varied across the coating.
根据本发明的图像难以伪造，视觉上引人注意，易于识别并且特别适用于完全特征或装饰特征。The images according to the present invention are difficult to forge, visually appealing, easily recognizable and are particularly suitable for use as integral or decorative features.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面将参考附图描述本发明的代表性实施例。由于本申请中所示的附图代表根据本发明的图像，是由磁性薄片制成的，这些效果在本说明书中无法给出，本说明书中将努力描述和图示出这些运动和3-D特征。Representative embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Since the drawings shown in this application represent images according to the present invention, made of magnetic flakes, these effects cannot be presented in this specification, and efforts will be made to describe and illustrate these motion and 3-D features in this specification.
图1A是在第一选择观察角的滚动条图像的简化平面图；FIG1A is a simplified plan view of a scroll bar image at a first selected viewing angle;
图1B是在第二选择观察角的滚动条图像的简化平面图；FIG1B is a simplified plan view of a scroll bar image at a second selected viewing angle;
图2A是根据本发明另一个实施例的印刷图像的简化剖视图，为了讨论的目的将之称为“滚动条”；FIG2A is a simplified cross-sectional view of a printed image according to another embodiment of the present invention, referred to for discussion purposes as a "scroll bar";
图3A是本发明另一个实施例的简化剖视图，其中在油漆或墨水中形成半圆取向的薄片用于滚动条类型的图像；FIG3A is a simplified cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention in which semicircularly oriented flakes are formed in paint or ink for a scroll-type image;
图3B是根据图3A的装置的简化立体图；FIG3B is a simplified perspective view of the apparatus according to FIG3A ;
图4A是由在基体上固化的非排列磁性颜料薄片构成的图像的平面图；FIG4A is a plan view of an image composed of non-aligned magnetic pigment flakes cured on a substrate;
图4B是图4A所示薄片和基体的平面图，这是在通过固化颜料将薄片排列并永久固定之后，从而使其取向成类似于图1A和1B的滚动条；FIG4B is a plan view of the flakes and substrate of FIG4A after the flakes have been aligned and permanently fixed by curing the pigment, thereby orienting them into a scroll similar to that of FIG1A and FIG1B ;
图5A是具有由非排列磁性颜料薄片构成的弯曲上轮廓的图像的平面图；FIG5A is a plan view of an image having a curved upper profile consisting of non-aligned magnetic pigment flakes;
图5B是类似于图5A的图像的平面图，其中薄片排列成大的滚动条，具有很大的曲率半径；FIG5B is a plan view of an image similar to FIG5A , wherein the flakes are arranged into large rolling strips having a large radius of curvature;
图6是球图像的部分立体图，其中圆的轮廓具有滚动条，滚动条跨过其直径，形成球的错觉；FIG6 is a partial perspective view of an image of a ball in which the outline of a circle has a scroll bar that spans its diameter to create the illusion of a ball;
图7是类似图5B的形状，其中上表面和下表面都是弯曲的；FIG7 is a shape similar to FIG5B , wherein both the upper and lower surfaces are curved;
图8A是容器立体图的图像，其中一条滚动条处于外前壁，另一滚动条处于内后壁，其中两条滚动条在图像沿一个箭头方向倾斜时同时沿相反方向运动；FIG8A is an image of a perspective view of a container with one scroll bar on the outer front wall and another scroll bar on the inner rear wall, wherein the two scroll bars move simultaneously in opposite directions when the image is tilted in the direction of an arrow;
图8B是图8C所示两条滚动条的剖视图，与图8A在不同纸面上示出；FIG8B is a cross-sectional view of the two scroll bars shown in FIG8C , shown on a different page from FIG8A ;
图8C是两条滚动条更简单排列的平面图，当图像倾斜时，两条滚动条同时在相反方向运动；FIG8C is a plan view of a simpler arrangement of two scroll bars, where the two scroll bars move simultaneously in opposite directions when the image is tilted;
图9是与图8A所示容器类似的容器的图像的立体图，其中滚动条表示在相邻外内面上，并且滚动条相反运动，当感到其随着倾斜而运动时，在内面上的滚动条变化面积和形状；FIG9 is a perspective view of an image of a container similar to that shown in FIG8A , wherein scroll bars are depicted on adjacent exterior and interior surfaces, and wherein the scroll bars move in opposite directions, with the scroll bars on the interior surface changing area and shape as their movement is felt with tilting;
图10是具有两条滚动细长形状的球的图像，当图像倾斜时，为图像提供3-D现实质感；FIG10 is an image of a ball having two rolling elongated shapes, which provides a 3-D realistic texture to the image when the image is tilted;
图11是在柱体外侧朝前表面上具有滚动条的柱体的图像；FIG11 is an image of a cylinder having a scroll bar on the outside, forward-facing surface of the cylinder;
图12是护罩的图像，其中滚动条提供运动效果，并且滚动条提供增加图像现实感的阴影和深度，这是照相或绘画无法达到的；FIG12 is an image of a shield in which the scroll bars provide an effect of motion, and the scroll bars provide shadows and depth that add realism to the image that cannot be achieved in photography or painting;
图13是具有双(凹和凸)滚动条的中空柱体或管的图像，其中凹滚动条处于内壁上，并且两条滚动条随着实际物体的阴影和光的运动而做相反运动；FIG13 is an image of a hollow cylinder or tube with dual (concave and convex) scroll bars, where the concave scroll bar is on the inner wall and the two scroll bars move in opposite directions as the shadow and light of the real object move;
图14A到14D表示在4个不同观察角度的，具有滚动条的弯曲图像；14A to 14D show curved images with scroll bars at four different viewing angles;
图15A表示印在矩形基体上的独立钟的4个部分，钟的内部印有凹滚动条，钟的外部印有凸滚动条；FIG15A shows the four parts of a freestanding clock printed on a rectangular substrate, the interior of the clock having concave scroll bars printed thereon and the exterior of the clock having convex scroll bars printed thereon;
图15B表示正常角度的独立钟的图像；FIG15B shows an image of the Liberty Bell at a normal angle;
图15C表示当基体倾斜到右侧时的钟；FIG15C shows the clock when the base is tilted to the right;
图15D表示当基体倾斜到左侧时的钟；FIG15D shows the clock when the base is tilted to the left;
图16A是构成图16C所示磁体结构的磁体的立体图，用于提供图16C所示的圆拱形磁场；FIG16A is a perspective view of a magnet constituting the magnet structure shown in FIG16C, for providing the circular arch-shaped magnetic field shown in FIG16C;
图16B是提供圆拱顶形磁场的磁体的立体图，其中去除一些磁体以便于观察；FIG16B is a perspective view of a magnet providing a dome-shaped magnetic field with some of the magnet removed for ease of viewing;
图16C是提供圆拱顶形磁场的磁体排列的立体图；FIG16C is a perspective view of a magnet arrangement providing a dome-shaped magnetic field;
图16D是图16C磁体排列的立体图，其中上面具有薄片墨水的纸张设置在圆拱顶形磁场中，并且纸张和磁场在随后两幅图中按箭头所示相对旋转；FIG16D is a perspective view of the magnet arrangement of FIG16C, wherein a paper having a sheet of ink thereon is positioned in a dome-shaped magnetic field, and the paper and magnetic field are rotated relative to each other as indicated by the arrows in the following two figures;
图16E是类似于图16D的立体图，其中纸张设置成更靠近圆拱顶形磁场顶部，并且墨水中形成的半球图像在尺寸上小于图16D；FIG16E is a perspective view similar to FIG16D , wherein the paper is positioned closer to the top of the dome-shaped magnetic field, and the hemispherical image formed in the ink is smaller in size than in FIG16D ;
图16F和16G是当图像从一个位置倾斜到另一个位置时，在不同位置表示的使用图16E的磁体形成的滚动3-D半球的图像；16F and 16G are images of a rolling 3-D hemisphere formed using the magnets of FIG. 16E shown at different positions as the image is tilted from one position to another;
图16H是设置在护罩图像中的具有圆拱顶形薄片的半球的印刷图像；FIG16H is a printed image of a hemisphere with a dome-shaped sheet disposed in a shield image;
图16I是具有沿其轴线形成的滚动条的护罩的印刷图像；FIG16I is a printed image of a shield having a scroll bar formed along its axis;
图16J是图16H和16I形成的图像的复合图像，其中，在形成滚动半球时，墨水和磁场分阶段应用，从而图16I应用在图16H之上，中心区域仅涂覆一次；FIG16J is a composite image of the images formed by FIG16H and FIG16I , wherein, in forming the rolling hemisphere, the ink and magnetic field are applied in stages such that FIG16I is applied over FIG16H and the center area is coated only once;
图17A是用于形成图17C的图像的碗形磁场的剖视图；FIG17A is a cross-sectional view of a bowl-shaped magnetic field used to form the image of FIG17C;
图17B是在图17A所示磁场中排列的、载体中颜料薄片的剖视图；FIG17B is a cross-sectional view of pigment flakes in a carrier aligned in the magnetic field shown in FIG17A;
图17C是磁性薄片在图17A所示磁场中形成倒半球的图像，这看上去是沉入纸面的滚动碗。FIG17C is an image of a magnetic sheet forming an inverted hemisphere in the magnetic field shown in FIG17A, which appears to be a rolling bowl sunk into the paper.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I.引言I. Introduction
本发明在其各个实施例中提供光可变墨水或油漆的磁性薄片的取向方法，在一些实施例中适于高速印刷工艺，而另一些实施例更适合手工排列和印刷工艺。另外，本发明的一些实施例需要多步印刷工艺，其中基体的第一区用磁性薄片墨水印刷并暴露于磁场中，并且在固化之后，对同一基体的相同或不同区域用墨水印刷并暴露在第二磁场中。通常，分散在液体油漆或墨水溶液中的光可变颜料的颗粒，当印刷或油漆在表面时，一般本身平行于表面取向。平行于表面取向对涂层表面的入射光具有高的反射。磁性薄片在处于液体介质的同时通过施加磁场可以倾斜。薄片的一般排列方式是，薄片的最长对角线跟随磁力线。根据磁体的位置和强度，磁力线在不同角度穿过基体，将磁性薄片倾斜到这些角度。倾斜的薄片反射入射光与平行于印刷基体表面的薄片不同。反射本身以及和色彩二者都可以不同。倾斜薄片通常看上去较暗，并在通常观察角度下，具有与平行表面的薄片不同的颜色。The present invention, in its various embodiments, provides methods for orienting magnetic flakes in optically variable inks or paints. Some embodiments are suitable for high-speed printing processes, while others are more suitable for manual alignment and printing processes. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present invention require a multi-step printing process, in which a first area of a substrate is printed with the magnetic flake ink and exposed to a magnetic field. After curing, the same or different area of the same substrate is printed with the ink and exposed to a second magnetic field. Typically, optically variable pigment particles dispersed in a liquid paint or ink solution are typically oriented parallel to the surface when printed or painted on a surface. This parallel-to-surface orientation provides high reflectivity for incident light on the coated surface. The magnetic flakes can be tilted while in the liquid medium by applying a magnetic field. The flakes are generally aligned so that their longest diagonal lines follow the magnetic field lines. Depending on the position and strength of the magnet, the magnetic field lines pass through the substrate at different angles, tilting the magnetic flakes to these angles. The tilted flakes reflect incident light differently than flakes parallel to the printed substrate surface. Both the reflection itself and the color can be different. Slanted flakes generally appear darker and have a different color than flakes parallel to the surfaces at normal viewing angles.
印刷图像中的取向磁性薄片具有几个问题。很多现代印刷工艺比分批型工艺速度高，这些分批工艺将磁体应用在静态(不运动)涂层制品并在油漆或墨水干燥时将磁体保持在其位置上。在一些印刷机中，纸基体的运动速度是100－160m/min。很多张纸在一次印刷操作之后堆叠，并输送到另一操作。在这些操作中使用的墨水通常在毫秒级时间内干燥。传统工艺不适合这些应用。Printing oriented magnetic flakes in images presents several challenges. Many modern printing processes are much faster than batch-type processes, which apply magnets to a static (non-moving) coated article and hold them in place while the paint or ink dries. In some printing presses, the paper substrate moves at speeds of 100-160 m/min. Many sheets are stacked after a printing run and transported to another run. The inks used in these runs typically dry in milliseconds. Conventional processes are unsuitable for these applications.
已经发现，在油漆/印刷图像中得到增强光效果的一种方式是垂直于基体运动方向取向磁性薄片。换句话说，在基体上具有分散薄片的油漆或印刷液体油漆或墨水介质，垂直于磁场的磁力线运动导致薄片的重新取向。这种取向可以在印刷图像中提供明显的错觉光效果。It has been discovered that one way to achieve enhanced optical effects in painted/printed images is to orient the magnetic flakes perpendicular to the direction of motion of the substrate. In other words, the paint or printed liquid paint or ink medium has dispersed flakes on the substrate, and the movement perpendicular to the magnetic field lines causes the flakes to reorient. This orientation can provide a noticeable optical illusion in the printed image.
一种光效果，为了讨论将其称为运动光效果。一种错觉运动光效果一般是在图像相对假定为静止照明源的观察角度倾斜时，在印刷图像中提供运动错觉。另一种错觉光效果为印刷的二维图像提供虚拟深度。一些图像可以同时提供运动和虚拟深度。一些图像可以在x-y平面中在任何方向提供运动错觉或感觉。另一种错觉光效果改变印刷范围的外观，例如通过在图像前后倾斜时在亮色和暗色之间改变。另一种光效果是通过形成图像得到的，其中当图像提供运动错觉时，图像特征看上去改变大小。当滚动条看上去运动时，使诸如滚动条的物体产生尺寸变化，将提供一种实际的动画。A type of light effect, which for the purposes of this discussion will be referred to as a motion light effect. One type of illusory motion light effect generally provides the illusion of motion in a printed image when the image is tilted relative to the viewing angle of an assumed stationary illumination source. Another type of illusory light effect provides virtual depth to a printed two-dimensional image. Some images can provide both motion and virtual depth. Some images can provide the illusion or sensation of motion in any direction in the x-y plane. Another type of illusory light effect changes the appearance of a printed area, such as by changing between light and dark colors when the image is tilted back and forth. Another type of light effect is obtained by forming an image in which features of the image appear to change size when the image provides the illusion of motion. Causing an object, such as a scroll bar, to change size when the scroll bar appears to move provides a practical animation.
II.印刷错觉图像的例子II. Examples of Printed Illusion Images
图2A是2004年3月18日公开的美国专利申请20040051297中所示印刷图像29的一个简化剖视图，这里为了讨论将之称为“滚动条”。由诸如墨水溶液或漆料等载体包围的颜料薄片形成的图像已经沿特殊方式排列，提供滚动条效果。薄片在图2A中表示为剖视图中的短线。薄片是磁性薄片，即使用磁场对齐的颜料薄片。它们可能或不可能保留剩余磁化。附图不是按比例绘制的。典型的薄片可以是20微米宽且约1微米厚，因此附图仅仅是解释性的。图像印刷或油漆在基体29上，例如纸、塑料膜、叠层、制卡片的纸料或者其它表面。为了便于讨论，术语“印刷”一般用于描述将载体中的颜料应用到表面上，这可以包括其它技术，包括可以称为“油漆”的其它技术。FIG2A is a simplified cross-sectional view of a printed image 29 shown in U.S. patent application 20040051297, published on March 18, 2004, which will be referred to herein as a "rolling bar" for purposes of discussion. The image is formed by flakes of pigment surrounded by a carrier, such as an ink solution or paint, that have been arranged in a particular manner to provide the rolling bar effect. The flakes are represented in FIG2A as short lines in the cross-sectional view. The flakes are magnetic flakes, i.e., flakes of pigment aligned using a magnetic field. They may or may not retain a residual magnetization. The drawings are not drawn to scale. A typical flake may be 20 microns wide and approximately 1 micron thick, and the drawings are therefore illustrative only. The image is printed or painted onto a substrate 29, such as paper, plastic film, laminate, cardstock, or other surface. For purposes of discussion, the term "printing" is generally used to describe the application of pigment in a carrier to a surface, which can include other techniques, including those that may be referred to as "painting."
一般地，从垂直于薄片平面观看薄片是亮的，而沿平面边缘观看薄片是暗的。Generally, the flakes appear bright when viewed perpendicular to the plane of the flakes, and dark when viewed along the edge of the plane.
载体通常是透明的，或者是无色的或者是有色彩的，并且薄片通常反射性较好。例如，载体可以带有绿色，薄片可以包括金属层，例如铝、金、镍、铂或金属合金的薄膜，或者可以是金属薄片，例如镍或合金薄片。从金属层反射经过带绿色的载体的光可以呈现亮绿色，而在一端观看具有薄片的另一部分可能呈现暗绿色或其它颜色。如果薄片仅仅是无色载体中的金属薄片，则一部分图像可能呈现亮金属色，而其它的部分是暗的。另外，金属薄片可以涂覆带色彩的层，或者薄片可以包括光干涉结构，例如吸收器－间隔器－反射器Fabry-Perot型结构。并且，可以在反射表面上形成衍射结构，以便提供额外的和增强的安全特征。衍射结构可以使简单的直线光栅形成在反射表面，或者可以具有更加复杂的预定图案，其仅仅在放大时可以看到，但在观察时具有综合效果。通过提供衍射反射层，观看者通过简单转动具有衍射薄片的纸张、钞票或结构可以看到颜色变化或亮度变化。The carrier is typically transparent, either colorless or tinted, and the flakes are typically highly reflective. For example, the carrier can have a green tint, and the flakes can include a metal layer, such as a thin film of aluminum, gold, nickel, platinum, or a metal alloy, or can be metal flakes, such as nickel or an alloy flakes. Light reflected from the metal layer through the green carrier can appear bright green, while another portion with the flakes viewed from one end may appear dark green or another color. If the flakes are simply metal flakes in a colorless carrier, part of the image may appear bright metallic, while other portions are dark. Furthermore, the metal flakes can be coated with a tinted layer, or the flakes can include an optical interference structure, such as an absorber-spacer-reflector Fabry-Perot type structure. Furthermore, diffractive structures can be formed on the reflective surface to provide additional and enhanced security features. The diffractive structure can be a simple linear grating formed on the reflective surface, or it can have a more complex, predetermined pattern that is only visible under magnification but has a combined effect when viewed. By providing a diffractive reflective layer, a viewer can observe a change in color or brightness by simply rotating the paper, banknote, or structure with the diffractive flakes.
美国专利6692830详细描述了制造衍射薄片的工艺。美国专利申请20030190473披露了制造彩色衍射薄片。制造磁性衍射薄片类似于制造衍射薄片，但其中一层需要是磁性的。实际上，磁性层可以通过夹在Al层之间进行掩饰；在这种方式下磁性层随后基本不再影响薄片的光学设计；或者可以同时起到光学上的主动作用，像薄膜干涉光学设计中的吸收器、电介质或反射器。U.S. Patent No. 6,692,830 details the process for fabricating diffractive flakes. U.S. Patent Application No. 20030190473 discloses the fabrication of colored diffractive flakes. Fabricating magnetic diffractive flakes is similar, but one of the layers must be magnetic. In practice, the magnetic layer can be masked by sandwiching it between Al layers; in this manner, the magnetic layer then has little impact on the optical design of the flake; or it can simultaneously serve an optically active role, such as an absorber, dielectric, or reflector in thin-film interference optics designs.
图2A是2004年3月18日公开的美国专利申请20040051297中的运动光“滚动条”印刷图像42的简化剖视图。图像包括由印刷在基体29上的透明载体28环绕的颜料薄片26。颜料薄片按弯曲方式排列。至于后滚翻，滚动条将颜料薄片面的光反射到观看者的区域，看上去比不直接将光反射到观看者的区域较亮。此图像提供亮带或条，当图像相对观看角度(假定为固定照明源)倾斜时，看上去其在整个图像上运动(“滚动”)。FIG2A is a simplified cross-sectional view of a moving light "rolling bar" printed image 42 from U.S. Patent Application 20040051297, published on March 18, 2004. The image comprises pigment flakes 26 surrounded by a transparent carrier 28 printed on a substrate 29. The pigment flakes are arranged in a curved pattern. As with back-rolling, the rolling bar appears brighter in areas where light from the pigment flakes is reflected toward the viewer than in areas where light is not directly reflected toward the viewer. This image provides a bright band or strip that appears to move ("roll") across the image when the image is tilted relative to the viewing angle (assuming a fixed illumination source).
图1A是在第一选择观察角度的滚动条图像42的简化平面图。亮条44出现在两个对比区46、48之间的图像的第一位置。图1B是滚动条图像在第二选择观察角度的简化平面图。亮条44’表现为已经“运动”到图像的第二位置，对比区46’和48’的尺寸已经改变。颜料薄片的排列，在图像倾斜时(在固定观看角度和固定照明)，形成条向图像下面“滚动”的错觉。在其它方向倾斜图像，使条看上去在相反方向(向上)滚动。FIG1A is a simplified plan view of a scrolling bar image 42 at a first selected viewing angle. A bright bar 44 appears in a first position in the image between two contrasting areas 46 and 48. FIG1B is a simplified plan view of the scrolling bar image at a second selected viewing angle. Bright bar 44' appears to have "moved" to a second position in the image, with contrasting areas 46' and 48' having changed in size. The arrangement of the pigment flakes creates the illusion that the bar "rolls" downward from the image when the image is tilted (at a fixed viewing angle and fixed lighting). Tilting the image in other directions causes the bar to appear to roll in the opposite direction (upward).
条也可以表现为具有深度，甚至是印刷在平面上。虚拟深度看上去比印刷图像的物理厚度更大。薄片在选择图案中的倾斜将反射光，从而提供深度或“3D”的错觉，如同其通常所称谓的。通过将成形的磁体置于纸或其它基体后面，使磁性颜料薄片在流体载体中印刷在基体上，可以达到三维效果。薄片沿磁力线排列并在固定(例如，干燥或固化)载体之后形成3D图像。图像常常看上去随其倾斜而运动，因此可以形成运动3D图像。The stripes can also appear to have depth, even when printed on a flat surface. The virtual depth appears greater than the physical thickness of the printed image. Tilting the flakes in a selected pattern will reflect light, providing the illusion of depth or "3D," as it is commonly referred to. A three-dimensional effect can be achieved by placing shaped magnets behind paper or other substrates, onto which magnetic pigment flakes are printed in a fluid carrier. The flakes align along the magnetic lines of force and form a 3D image after the carrier is fixed (e.g., dried or cured). The image often appears to move as it is tilted, thus creating a moving 3D image.
虽然像美国专利申请20040051297中披露的单矩形滚动条具有有趣的引人注意的效果，但在较大矩形背景上提供运动矩形显得有些限制其应用。While a single rectangular scroll bar as disclosed in US Patent Application 20040051297 has an interesting eye-catching effect, providing a moving rectangle on a larger rectangular background appears somewhat limiting in its application.
图3A是在油漆或墨水中形成半圆取向薄片用于滚动条型图像的简化剖视图。如图所示，薄的永磁体106在其整个薄截面上磁化。磁体在其末端具有圆形磁力线108。具有印刷磁性薄片分散在流体载体中的基体29与磁体一起从观看者运动到纸中。薄片26沿磁力线108的方向倾斜，并在磁体上面形成半圆形图案。FIG3A is a simplified cross-sectional view of a method for forming semicircular oriented flakes in paint or ink for scroll-type images. As shown, a thin permanent magnet 106 is magnetized across its entire thin cross-section. The magnet has circular magnetic flux lines 108 at its end. A substrate 29, having printed magnetic flakes dispersed in a fluid carrier, is moved along with the magnets from the viewer into the paper. The flakes 26 are tilted in the direction of the flux lines 108, forming a semicircular pattern on the magnet.
图3B是根据图3A的装置的简化立体图。基体29沿箭头方向经过磁体106。图像110形成滚动条特征114，看上去随着图像倾斜或观看角度的变化而上下运动。薄片26表示为相对磁力线倾斜。图像通常非常薄，并且薄片不可能形成小隆起，如图所示，但基本沿磁力线排列，从而提供所需的拱形反射性能，产生滚动条效果。在一个例子中，当图像倾斜经过25度的角度时，滚动条看上去上下滚动图像。FIG3B is a simplified perspective view of the device according to FIG3A . Base 29 passes through magnet 106 in the direction of the arrow. Image 110 forms a scrolling bar feature 114 that appears to move up and down as the image is tilted or viewed from different angles. Thin slices 26 are shown tilted relative to the magnetic field lines. While the image is typically very thin, and the slices are unlikely to form small ridges, as shown, they are generally aligned along the magnetic field lines to provide the desired arched reflective properties and produce a scrolling bar effect. In one example, when the image is tilted through an angle of 25 degrees, the scrolling bar appears to scroll the image up and down.
可以发现，通过斜切116磁体后缘118可以增强滚动条的强度。可以相信，随着图像经过磁体，将逐渐减小磁场。否则，在磁体尖角出现的磁性过渡可以重新排列薄片的取向，并降低滚动条的视觉效果。在一个特殊实施例中，沿着离基体平面30度的角度斜切掉磁体的角。另一种方法是在薄片经过磁体后缘之前固定薄片。这可以通过如下方法实现，例如，对于UV固化载体，在磁体经过的下面部分路线提供UV源，或者对于可蒸发载体提供干燥源。It has been found that the strength of the scroll bar can be increased by beveling 116 the trailing edge 118 of the magnet. It is believed that as the image passes over the magnet, the magnetic field will gradually decrease. Otherwise, the magnetic transition that occurs at the sharp corners of the magnet can rearrange the orientation of the sheet and reduce the visual effect of the scroll bar. In a specific embodiment, the corners of the magnet are beveled at an angle of 30 degrees from the plane of the substrate. Another method is to fix the sheet before it passes over the trailing edge of the magnet. This can be achieved by, for example, providing a UV source in the lower part of the path of the magnet for UV-curable carriers, or providing a drying source for evaporable carriers.
下面参看图5A，表示具有4个带边的轮廓或封闭区的图像，其中顶侧边向下弯曲。值得关注的是，在观看此图时，此图像没有特殊关联，作为一个常见物体其无法识别，它仅是一个二维的多边形。另一方面，在观察时，图5B与公知的常见可识别物体具有相同轮廓和相同薄片，但取向不同，形成柱体。通过提供跨区的大滚动条，滚动条增加了阴影，从而用户感觉到深度和三个维度。除了通过倾斜由磁性取向颜料薄片构成的图5B所示图像产生的这些现象，滚动条在其扫过柱体时经过图像并且其面积改变。图4B不具有相同的关联，并且当滚动条看上去在图4B中运动时，其维度不变。此滚动条面积的变化，是在观看图5B时出现的，明显使物体看上去更真实，因为滚动条收缩然后看上去是在高度上膨胀。当其看上去从中心朝侧边运动时，滚动条填充一个较小区域，随后填充一个较大区域。此外，如果对比图5A和图5B，图5B弯曲上区内的滚动条看上去迫使观看者至少部分地体会到柱体存在白盖或内部。在观看图4A、4B或5A时不出现这种情况。因此，用滚动条填充弯曲多边形具有几个优点。图6和图7表示两个其它形状的滚动条，其中滚动条提供深度、运动的感觉，并且条的实际面积随着其扫过图像而变化。Referring now to FIG5A , an image is depicted with four bordered outlines or enclosed areas, with the top edges curving downward. Interestingly, when viewing this image, the image has no particular context and is not recognizable as a common object; it is simply a two-dimensional polygon. On the other hand, when viewed, FIG5B has the same outline and flakes as a known, commonly recognizable object, but with a different orientation, forming a cylinder. By providing a large scroll bar spanning the area, the scroll bar adds shadows, giving the user a sense of depth and three dimensions. In addition to these phenomena created by tilting the image shown in FIG5B , which is composed of magnetically oriented pigment flakes, the scroll bar passes through the image and its area changes as it sweeps across the cylinder. FIG4B does not have the same context, and while the scroll bar appears to move in FIG4B , its dimensions remain unchanged. This change in the scroll bar's area, which occurs when viewing FIG5B , significantly makes the object appear more realistic, as the scroll bar contracts and then appears to expand in height. As it appears to move from the center toward the sides, the scroll bar fills a smaller area and then a larger area. Furthermore, if one compares Figures 5A and 5B , the scroll bar within the curved upper region of Figure 5B appears to force the viewer to at least partially perceive the presence of a white cap or interior to the column. This does not occur when viewing Figures 4A , 4B , or 5A . Thus, filling the curved polygon with a scroll bar offers several advantages. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate two other scroll bar shapes, where the scroll bar provides a sense of depth and motion, and the actual area of the bar changes as it sweeps across the image.
下面参看图12，表示一个护罩，其中具有磁性取向颜料薄片的轮廓，取向的方式是滚动条具有大的弯曲半径。重要的是选择曲率半径提供预期的深度和弯曲感觉，最接近地反映形成的图像。在上面所述的所有弯曲图像中，当图像倾斜时，滚动条的存在提供可感觉到的滚动条面积变化，并且滚动条看上去经过图像。此现象相当引人关注，并且通过图14A到14D的顺序表示。这些图是在不同角度倾斜的同一图像，其中图14A处于正常入射，每个随后的附图的角度增大。与图4B的较简单的滚动条相比，其中滚动条简单地表现为从一个位置运动到下一位置，对于不同位置条本身的外观变化没有基准。图4B的条随其看上去运动时在一个位置或另一个位置，呈现相同方式。但是，图14A和14B的条具有完全不同的形状，并且当图像倾斜时，滚动条的形状连续变化，通过定义和协调所呈现出的条运动，并结合条的变化以及条的升降，大大增加了图像吸引力。具有这些特征的图像可以作为制品的安全特征，作为装饰，或作为提供视觉艺术中使用的复杂运动错觉的手段。Referring now to Figure 12, a shield is shown with the contours of magnetically oriented pigment flakes oriented in such a way that the rolling bar has a large curvature radius. It is important to select the curvature radius to provide the desired depth and curvature perception, most closely reflecting the resulting image. In all of the curved images described above, the presence of the rolling bar provides a perceptible change in the area of the rolling bar as the image is tilted, and the rolling bar appears to move across the image. This phenomenon is quite striking and is illustrated in the sequence of Figures 14A through 14D. These figures show the same image tilted at different angles, with Figure 14A at normal incidence and each subsequent figure at increasing angles. This contrasts with the simpler rolling bar of Figure 4B, which simply appears to move from one position to the next, with no reference to the change in the appearance of the bar itself at different positions. The bar of Figure 4B appears identical in the same manner as it appears to move from one position to another. However, the bars of Figures 14A and 14B have completely different shapes, and the shape of the rolling bar changes continuously as the image is tilted. This significantly enhances the appeal of the image by defining and coordinating the apparent bar motion, combined with the bar's changes and rise and fall. Images having these characteristics may serve as security features on articles of manufacture, as decoration, or as a means of providing complex illusions of movement used in the visual arts.
虽然图5B、6、7、10、12和13中所示的滚动条的形状变化不是很明显，但它仍呈现并提供条横向以及上下运动的错觉，因为条跟随光滑的曲线。Although the shape change of the scroll bar shown in Figures 5B, 6, 7, 10, 12 and 13 is not very obvious, it still appears and provides the illusion of the bar moving laterally as well as up and down because the bar follows a smooth curve.
下面参看图6，表示具有跨过其直径的滚动条的圆。没有滚动条的圆仅仅使观看者感到是一个圆，但是滚动条的存在为观看者提供了物体是球的错觉。虽然附图未表示运动，但观看者看到沿圆滚动的条在图像倾斜时明显变小，并且条朝左运动，使观看者感觉到三个维度和真实性。与观看光和阴影以及增亮固定的绘画相反，此运动图像为观看者提供光和阴影随图像倾斜而运动经过球的感觉。此图具有围绕物体运动的感觉或者看到物体旋转的感觉。此外，由于条的面积随其运动到左侧而减小，因此使观看者感觉到此物体不仅仅是一幅图画或照片。但出于所有意图和目的，与观看“正常”图像相比，平的图像使观看者感觉到深度和运动，并增强观看感觉。在观看和倾斜物体时出现三个维度、运动和形状变化。Referring now to Figure 6, a circle with a scrolling bar spanning its diameter is depicted. While the circle without the scrolling bar merely appears to the viewer as a circle, the presence of the scrolling bar creates the illusion that the object is a sphere. Although the figure does not depict motion, the bar observed by the viewer as it scrolls along the circle becomes noticeably smaller as the image is tilted, and its movement toward the left creates a sense of three-dimensionality and authenticity. Unlike viewing a painting with fixed light and shadows and brightening, this moving image creates the illusion of light and shadows moving across a sphere as the image is tilted. This image creates the sensation of moving around the object or seeing it rotate. Furthermore, because the area of the bar decreases as it moves to the left, the viewer perceives the object as more than just a drawing or photograph. For all intents and purposes, however, a flat image creates a sense of depth and motion compared to viewing a "normal" image, enhancing the viewing experience. Three dimensions, movement, and shape changes appear when viewing and tilting the object.
在图7中，在中心增亮显示的滚动条，朝侧边逐渐减弱到暗区，看上去扫过整个图像，此区域具有很均匀的面积，但滚动条看上去跟随上和下壁的弯曲轨迹，因为它填充轮廓并看上去伸出纸面，随着其升高从下中心位置运动到右上最大位置或左上最大位置。这里，观看者经历了条侧向和向上运动，以及3-D效果。In Figure 7, a scroll bar, highlighted in the center and gradually fading to dark areas toward the sides, appears to sweep across the entire image. This area has a fairly uniform area, but the scroll bar appears to follow the curved trajectory of the upper and lower walls as it fills the outline and appears to extend beyond the paper, moving from a lower center position to either a maximum position in the upper right or upper left as it rises. Here, the viewer experiences the bar moving sideways and upward, as well as a 3-D effect.
下面参看图8A，表示本发明的另一个实施例，其中当图像绕一根滚动条的纵轴沿一个方向倾斜时，例如，朝向右指向的箭头，两条滚动条设计成同时相反运动。8A, another embodiment of the present invention is shown in which two scroll bars are designed to move simultaneously in opposite directions when the image is tilted in one direction about the longitudinal axis of one scroll bar, for example, toward a right-pointing arrow.
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图8B和8C所示，表示图像具有“双滚动条”，其中一个部分44’具有按凸起方式取向的磁性薄片，而图像的另一个部分44”具有按凹陷方式取向的磁性薄片。为了达到此凸出取向，将“滚动条”磁体置于纸基体下面。对于凹陷取向，将磁体置于纸基体上面。当图像两个区的磁性薄片具有不同的和相反的取向，例如，+30度和-30度时，则形成“双倾斜”图像。在印刷图像的一个倾斜位置，一部分图像是暗的，而另一部分是亮的。当印刷图像在相反方向倾斜时，这些区域变换其亮区和暗区，从而第一图像变亮，而第二图像变暗。根据预期设计，此亮和暗的转换根据薄片取向可以从顶到底到后面发生，以及从左到右到后面发生。在图8C中，亮条44’看上去“运动”到图像第二位置，对比区46’、48’的尺寸变化；此外，亮条44”看上去“运动”到图像中的不同位置，对比区46”、48”的尺寸变化。In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 8B and 8C, an image is represented having a "double rolling bar" where one portion 44' has the magnetic flakes oriented in a raised manner and another portion 44" of the image has the magnetic flakes oriented in a recessed manner. To achieve this raised orientation, the "rolling bar" magnets are placed below the paper substrate. For the recessed orientation, the magnets are placed above the paper substrate. When the magnetic flakes in two areas of the image have different and opposite orientations, for example, +30 degrees and -30 degrees, a "double tilted" image is formed. At one tilted position of the printed image , one portion of the image is dark, while another portion is light. When the printed image is tilted in opposite directions, these areas switch their light and dark areas, so that the first image becomes lighter and the second image becomes darker. According to the intended design, this light and dark transition can occur from top to bottom to back, and from left to right to back, depending on the orientation of the sheet. In Figure 8C, the light bar 44' appears to "move" to the second position in the image, and the size of the contrasting areas 46' and 48' changes; in addition, the light bar 44" appears to "move" to a different position in the image, and the size of the contrasting areas 46" and 48" changes.
下面将描述根据图15A到15D所示的本发明的一个实施例。在图15B到15D中表示“独立钟”。在图15A中，表示图像处于正常入射角度。在图15B到15D中，表示相同印刷绕轴线倾斜不同的入射角度，如箭头所示。如同可以看到的，图15B所示的滚动条150具有大的曲率半径，在看图15C时看上去移动到左侧，并且钟内表面的较小凹陷颠倒滚动条152看上去相反运动到左侧。图15D表示相反的感觉到的运动，其中较大的条150在相反倾斜时表示大条150看上去移动到右侧，而较小的条152同时看上去滚动到左侧。此光入射到图像上的行为，模拟了实际物体的发光状态，例如独立钟。发光在不同区同时和相反移动，像从实际物体发出的一样。因此，错觉被设计成跟随真实物体的自然光物理规律。错觉是该图像是真实的。下面再看图15A，为了便于理解，分开表示出构成钟的4个部分154a、154b、154c、154d，并且这些钟的每一个被印刷在基体的正确位置上，一次一个，从而形成图15A所示的图像。虽然图像的形成是通过印刷每个区并应用磁体形成沿相反拱形图案排列的薄片从而形成两条滚动条，但也可以使用顺序的自动化印刷工艺实现这个过程和类似图像。The following describes an embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in Figures 15A to 15D. Figures 15B to 15D depict the "Liberty Bell." Figure 15A shows the image at a normal angle of incidence. Figures 15B to 15D show the same print tilted around an axis at different angles of incidence, as indicated by the arrows. As can be seen, the scrolling bar 150 shown in Figure 15B has a large radius of curvature, appearing to move to the left when viewing Figure 15C, while the smaller, inverted scrolling bar 152 on the inner surface of the bell appears to move in the opposite direction, to the left. Figure 15D shows the opposite perceived movement, where the larger bar 150 appears to move to the right when tilted in the opposite direction, while the smaller bar 152 appears to scroll to the left simultaneously. This behavior of light incident on the image simulates the illumination of a real object, such as the Liberty Bell. The illumination moves simultaneously and in opposite directions in different regions, as if emanating from a real object. Thus, the illusion is designed to follow the physical laws of natural light in a real object. The illusion is that the image is real. Referring now to FIG15A, the four sections 154a, 154b, 154c, and 154d that make up the clock are shown separately for ease of understanding, and each of these clocks is printed one at a time in the correct location on the substrate to form the image shown in FIG15A. While the image is formed by printing each section and applying magnets to form the sheets arranged in an opposing arcuate pattern to form two scrolls, this process and similar images can also be achieved using a sequential automated printing process.
图16F、16G、16H和16J所示的本发明的另一个实施例表示一种有趣的和惊人的效果。图16F是半球的印刷图像，其中整个图像涂覆可排列颜料薄片。在薄片排列之后，如所解释的，形成半球。图16F所示的半球的印刷图像看上去像基体倾斜时或光源变化时图16G所示的图像。当图像绕着经过中心的垂直轴从垂直倾斜到左侧时，看上去更像一个球的亮半球，随着倾斜角度变化而滚动。与滚动条相反，滚动条能沿直线在平面内滚动，而图16F的半球能够或看上去随着倾斜角度而在任何x-y方向运动。因此，绕x或y轴倾斜图像导致运动的出现。Another embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figures 16F, 16G, 16H, and 16J, exhibits an interesting and striking effect. Figure 16F is a printed image of a hemisphere, wherein the entire image is coated with alignable pigment flakes. After the flakes are aligned, as explained, a hemisphere is formed. The printed image of the hemisphere shown in Figure 16F appears similar to the image shown in Figure 16G when the substrate is tilted or the light source is varied. When the image is tilted from vertical to the left about a vertical axis passing through the center, it appears more like a bright hemisphere of a ball, rolling as the tilt angle changes. Unlike a scroll bar, which can roll along a straight line within a plane, the hemisphere of Figure 16F can, or appears to, move in any x-y direction depending on the tilt angle. Thus, tilting the image about the x or y axis causes the appearance of motion.
图16J的护罩使用滚动条和半球效果的组合提供非常有趣的组合效果，其中护罩和半球看上去伸出纸面。这是在两个阶段过程中产生的，其中基体首先涂覆磁性涂层，并形成和固化半球，如图16H所示。第二涂层是通过掩模或模板形成的，从而形成图16I的涂层，保证没有额外的涂层材料覆盖半球。将此第二涂层置于磁场中形成滚动条。上述形成动态或运动半球图像的方法比形成滚动条的方法更加复杂。参看图16A到图16E，下面将描述此方法。作为例子，图16A所示的磁体160a表示磁体上方和下方的磁力线，形成两个环。此图目的上仅是表示这两种线，但关键是平行于这些线产生线的前沿，跨过整个磁体。用于产生半球的磁体160a、160b更加复杂，如同图16B所示的，并且特别是图16C。图16B的部分磁体被切除，用于显示一些磁力线。在图16C中可清楚看到，在一组磁体160a、160b、160c上方延伸的磁场是圆拱顶形的，如同其下方延伸的磁场一样。通过将具有流体墨水的涂层基体167置于圆拱顶形磁场中，像图16D所示在磁体正上方，或者与磁体具有较大分离，并朝磁场中间支撑，同时旋转磁体，可以形成图16D或16E所示的半球运动图像的印刷。在此例证性例子中，磁体或图像相对旋转的速度约为120rpm。接着从此区域的磁场中取出图像并固化。磁体的旋转速度可以低于或高于120rpm，这取决于颗粒的磁性和墨水载体的粘度。但如果速度太低，则图像质量下降。The shield in Figure 16J uses a combination of rolling bars and a hemispherical effect to create a very interesting combination effect, in which the shield and hemispherical object appear to extend beyond the page. This is achieved in a two-stage process, in which the substrate is first coated with a magnetic coating, and the hemispherical object is formed and cured, as shown in Figure 16H. A second coating is applied using a mask or template, resulting in the coating shown in Figure 16I, ensuring that no additional coating material covers the hemispherical object. This second coating is then placed in a magnetic field to form the rolling bars. The above-described method for creating a dynamic or moving hemispherical image is more complex than the method for creating the rolling bars. This method will be described below with reference to Figures 16A to 16E. As an example, the magnet 160a shown in Figure 16A represents the magnetic field lines above and below the magnet, forming two loops. While this figure is intended to illustrate only these two lines, the key point is that parallel to these lines, a leading edge of lines is generated, spanning the entire magnet. The magnets 160a and 160b used to create the hemispherical object are more complex, as shown in Figure 16B and, in particular, Figure 16C. Portions of the magnet in Figure 16B have been cut away to reveal some of the magnetic field lines. As can be clearly seen in FIG16C , the magnetic field extending above a set of magnets 160a, 160b, and 160c is dome-shaped, as is the magnetic field extending below it. By placing a coated substrate 167 with fluid ink in a dome-shaped magnetic field, either directly above the magnets as shown in FIG16D , or with a large separation from the magnets, and supporting it toward the center of the magnetic field, while rotating the magnets, a hemispherical motion image can be printed, as shown in FIG16D or 16E . In this illustrative example, the speed at which the magnets and the image rotate relative to each other is approximately 120 rpm. The image is then removed from the magnetic field in this area and cured. The rotation speed of the magnets can be lower or higher than 120 rpm, depending on the magnetic properties of the particles and the viscosity of the ink carrier. However, if the speed is too slow, the image quality will deteriorate.
图17A表示另一个实施例，它类似于图16F所示的图像，但与其颠倒。图17A表示半球磁体的模拟磁场。这是形成图17C所示图像的磁场形状。磁体的北极处于顶部，颗粒以漏斗状方式同心地排列。图17B表示磁场194，置于基体191上的载体192中的薄片193跟随磁力线排列成漏斗状取向。与半球效果相反，此磁场在图像191中间产生亮的运动点192，并且薄片的漏斗状排列在图像中间产生暗运动点。虽然图示和描述的磁场是由永磁体形成的，但在很多实施例中可以使用电场或电磁场。当然，磁场和颗粒必须是相容的，从而颗粒能够被特殊磁场取向。FIG17A shows another embodiment, which is similar to the image shown in FIG16F but inverted. FIG17A shows a simulated magnetic field of a hemispherical magnet. This is the shape of the magnetic field that creates the image shown in FIG17C. With the north pole of the magnet at the top, the particles are arranged concentrically in a funnel-shaped manner. FIG17B shows a magnetic field 194, with flakes 193 placed in a carrier 192 on a substrate 191 arranged in a funnel-shaped orientation following the magnetic field lines. In contrast to the hemispherical effect, this magnetic field produces a bright moving point 192 in the center of the image 191, and the funnel-shaped arrangement of the flakes produces a dark moving point in the center of the image. Although the magnetic field shown and described is formed by a permanent magnet, in many embodiments, an electric field or an electromagnetic field can be used. Of course, the magnetic field and the particles must be compatible so that the particles can be oriented by a particular magnetic field.
虽然上面已经参考特殊实施例和实施本发明的最佳模式描述了本发明，但在不偏离本发明范围和精神的情况下，很多修改和替代对于本领域一般技术人员是明显的。因此，应该理解的是，上面的描述仅仅是例证性的，并且本发明由随后的权利要求所限定。Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments and the best mode for carrying out the invention, many modifications and substitutions will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the above description is illustrative only and that the present invention is defined by the claims that follow.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/022,106 | 2004-12-22 | ||
| US11/313,165 | 2005-12-20 |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HK1240534A1 HK1240534A1 (en) | 2018-05-25 |
| HK1240534Btrue HK1240534B (en) | 2021-07-16 |
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