Examples of the present invention relate to watermark embedding in an information display, detectors for detecting a watermark in an information display, methods for embedding a watermark in an information display, methods for detecting a watermark in an information display, corresponding computer programs and an information signal.
Some embodiments of the present invention relate to devices and processes for multiple watermark embedding and watermark extraction.
In many areas of information processing, it is now desirable to add a watermark to information. A watermark, for example, is information that can be added to the actual information without substantially affecting the actual information. For example, when adding a watermark, the data format of the information can be maintained by, for example, overlaying the watermark of the information.
Watermarks can be added to an information display that represents an audio signal, for example, watermarks can be added to an information display that represents a video signal, or a watermark can be added to an information display that represents a computer program, for example, or other information display that represents other data forms can be watermarked.
The Commission has already identified a number of possible ways of improving the quality of water markings, including through the use of a watermark system, which is designed to ensure that the watermark system is not used for the purpose of the use of watermarks.
In addition, some traditional methods have a significant increase in the effort required to extract several watermarks from an information display.
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US 2004/001608 A1 describes an image processor and an image processing process. A pattern signal is steganographically encoded into a content object to help identify a disturbance (e.g., image rotation) to which the object may be subjected. The signal includes a feature that can be used to uniquely determine a correct orientation.
The present invention is therefore intended to develop a concept that improves the embedding of a watermark in an information display or facilitates the detection of a watermark in an information display.
This task is solved by an embedder to embed an embed watermark in an input information display as described in claim 1 or 2, by a detector to detect at least one watermark in an input information display as described in claim 3, by a process to embed an embed watermark in an input information display as described in claims 4 and 5, by a process to detect at least one watermark in an input information display as described in claim 6, by a computer program as described in claim 7, and by an information signal as described in claim 8.
In one respect, the present invention creates an embedder for embedding an embedded watermark in an input information display, with an information embedder designed to embed the watermark and additional information on the input information display to produce an information display with the watermark and additional information on the input information display.
This is based on the understanding that the extraction of a watermark embedded in the information display can be facilitated by a descriptive information describing the embedding of at least one watermark in the input information display. Adding the additional information thus provides information within the information display with the watermark to be embedded which can be used by a watermark detector to control the watermark detection or extraction. The descriptive additional information may, for example, contain information on how, when or by whom the watermark was added to the input information display. Thus, the additional information can be used by a watermark detector or watermark extractor to decide which way to extract and/or remove the watermark (e.g. by adding a watermark to the input information display).For example, the presence of the additional information describing the embedding of a watermark in the information display with the watermark allows, on the side of a watermark detector, to avoid searching the information display with the watermark to be embedded for all possible watermarks known to the watermark detector. Rather, the watermark detector can already, for example, use the additional information to identify which watermarks are present in the information display with the watermark. Thus, for example, the watermark detector can limit a resource accordingly, which significantly reduces the amount of information used in the watermark display.B. Frequency resources, time resources or code resources) so that when a watermark is detected in the information display with the watermark to be embedded, the detector can evaluate the additional information to set detection parameters appropriate or specific to the detection of the watermarks to be detected.
The additional information may also contain, for example, information on how many watermarks are embedded in the information display, so that, for example, a watermark detector can obtain a breakdown criterion after evaluating the relevant information, so that the watermark detector can, for example, discontinue a watermark search if as many watermarks are found as described by the additional information.
In conclusion, it is therefore concluded that the addition of additional information describing the embedding of watermarks in the input information display or the information display with the watermark to be embedded can significantly improve the efficiency of detecting watermarks in a watermark detector.
Accordingly, the present invention creates, in a further aspect, a detector for detecting at least one watermark in an input information display, the detector having an embedded information extractor designed to extract from the information display an embedded information which includes descriptive information with respect to the embedding of at least one watermark in the input information display (or in the watermarked information display), and the corresponding detector includes a watermark extractor designed to extract one or more watermarks in the input information display depending on the embedded information.
For example, the corresponding detector is able to extract the additional information added to the information display by the above-described embedder as embedded information from the information display and to control the watermark extraction depending on the embedded information, thus the said detector is able to exploit the additional information and realize the benefits described above with respect to the corresponding embedder.
According to some other embodiments, the present invention creates an information signal which includes at least one watermark and descriptive information with a view to embedding at least one watermark in the information signal. The corresponding information signal, due to the presence of the descriptive information with a view to embedding at least one watermark in the information signal, allows a much easier (e.g. faster or more resource-efficient) extraction of the watermark embedded in the information signal than is conventionally possible.
Examples of the present invention are described below, using the accompanying figures to illustrate:Fig. 1a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 2a block diagram of a watermark detector, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 3aea block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 3a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 3cein block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 4a block diagram of a watermark detector, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 5a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 6a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 7a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 6a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention;Fig. 7a block diagram of a watermark insert, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig.7a diagram of an information signal with an embedded watermark, according to an example of the invention;Fig. 7a diagram of a determination of a value sequence using a one-time function;Fig. 7a graphical representation of a process of calculating an embedded code based on an initial value;Fig. 8a block diagram of a watermark detector according to an example of the invention;Fig. 9a block diagram of a watermark inserter according to an example of the invention;Fig. 10a block diagram of a watermark detector according to an example of the invention;Fig. 11a flow diagram of a watermark detector according to an example of a watermark detector;Fig. 12a diagram of a flow diagram for the implementation of the invention;Fig. 13a diagram for the implementation of a watermark detector according to an example of the invention.According to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 14a flowchart of a watermark detection process, according to an embodiment of the invention;Fig. 15a flowchart of a watermark embedding process, according to an embodiment of the invention; andFig. 16a flowchart of a watermark detection process, according to an embodiment of the invention.
The watermark information detector can be configured to detect information already contained in the watermark information display 110. Thus, the watermark information detector can provide, for example, information about a watermark information in the input information display 120 132 120 132 120 132 but may also be configured to receive information about a watermark information in the input information display 130 132 130 information information information indicator can also be configured to include information about the watermark information in the input information display 130 132 information indicator can be configured to receive information about the watermark information in the input information display 130 130 132 information indicator can also be configured to receive information about the watermark information in the input information display 130 132 information indicator can be configured to include information about the watermark information in the input information display 130 130 132 information indicator can also be configured to receive information about a watermark information in the input information display 130 130 132 information indicator can also be configured to include information about a watermark information in the input information display 130 130 130 130 information indicator can also be configured to receive information about the watermark information in the input information display 132 but can also include some information about the watermark information in the input watermark information display 130 130 130 130 130 information indicator can be configured to include information about the watermark information in the input watermark information display 130 130 130 130 130 watermark information indicator can be stored in the input watermark information display 130 130 130 130 watermark information indicator can be configured to receive information about the watermark information in the input watermark information in the input watermark 132 watermark information display 130 130 130 130 watermark information indicator, for example.
With regard to the operation of the inserter 100, it should be noted that the watermark add-on 130 can add the watermark 132 to be added to the input information display 110 depending on watermark information already included in the input information display 110.The inserter 100 thus allows the watermark 132 to be added to the input information display 110 not arbitrarily but with respect to the watermark already included in the input information display 110.
There are various possibilities for the watermark add-in 130 to take into account the watermark already present in the input information display 110, which are explained in more detail below, for example in Figures 7a - 7d.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a detector for detecting at least two watermarks in a watermarked information display 210. The detector as shown in Fig. 2 is designated as a whole by 200. The detector 200 is designed to receive a watermarked information display 210. The detector 200 also includes a detection information detector 220 designed to identify a reusable watermark information in the watermarked information display 210. The detection information detector 220 is therefore designed, for example, to receive the information display 210 and to provide a basic information 222 on a watermark information display 210. The detector 200 also includes a watermark information detector 230. The detector 230 is designed to provide information about the watermark information displayed in the watermark information display 210. The detector 230 is designed to provide information about the watermark information display 220.
With regard to the operation of the detector 200, it should be noted that, for example, the watermark extractor 230 is designed to use information common to the two watermarks for the detection of the first watermark described by information 232 and for the detection of the second watermark described by information 234. For example, the common multi-use information may be synchronisation information common to the two watermarks, in which case, for example, it is sufficient to detect the synchronisation information only once, after which the detection of at least two watermarks based on the common synchronisation information can be carried out.
For example, the common reusable information may be additional or alternative information indicating that the first watermark and the second watermark can be detected with at least one common detection parameter; for example, the information display 210 may contain information indicating that at least two watermarks have been embedded in the information display 210 according to a common embedding method, so that the watermark extractor 230 can assume that at least two watermarks can be extracted from the information display 210 using a corresponding common extraction method.
For example, the information display 210 may also contain information about how many watermarks are embedded in the information display 210. For example, the corresponding number information may be considered as a common information that collectively describes at least two watermarks contained in the information display 210. The number information may be extracted, for example, by the detection information detector 220 and may also be used to, for example, set one or more extraction parameters for the watermark extractor 230 to correctly extract the multiple watermarks from the information display 210. In other words, the number information may be used to set the detection parameter of the watermark extractor 230 to correctly extract two watermarks.
For example, if it is known that the information representation 210 contains three watermarks, for example, when extracting the first watermark and when extracting the second watermark, the detection parameters intended for the embedding of a fourth to ninth watermark may be omitted, but it is sufficient to limit the range of detection parameters to be taken into account according to the number of watermarks present.
Further details are given below, for example in Figures 7a to 7d.
Fig. 3a shows a block diagram of an embedder for embedding an embedded watermark into an input information display, according to an embodiment of the invention. The embedder according to Fig. 3a is designated as a whole by 300. The embedder 300 is designed to receive an input information display 310 and to provide an information display 320 with a watermark and additional information. The embedder 300 includes an information container 330 designed to capture the input information display 310 and to provide the information display 310 with the watermark and additional information. The embedder 330 is designed to receive an input information display 310 containing a total of 310 watermarks. The embedder 320 contains at least one additional information container in order to provide information about the information display 320 and information about the information display 320. The watermark 320 is designed to contain information about the information display 320 and to provide information about the information display 341.
For example, the information adder 330 may have, in a parallel structure, a watermark adder 340 and an additional information adder 342. For example, both the watermark adder 360 and the additional information adder 342 may receive input information representation 310 in order to add the additional watermark or information to be added. For example, the watermark adder 340 may be designed to receive the input information representation 310 and the additional or basic information adder 341 in order to receive and configure an additional information adder 342 and to generate a watermark adder 344 in order to generate and configure the additional information adder 342.For example, the watermarked information display 344 may also be combined with the additional information display 346 to obtain the watermarked and additional information display 320 as shown in Figure 3a. Alternatively, however, it is possible that the watermarked inserter 340 provides an output signal of watermarked information adapted to information display 310, that the additional information inserter 342 provides an output signal adapted to information display 310, and that the output signals of the watermarked inserter 340 and the additional information inserter 342 are then combined with the input input input 310 to obtain the watermarked information 320 and the additional information display.
Alternatively, the information adder 330 may have other structures, as described, for example, in Figures 3b and 3c. For example, the information adder of the insert 300 may be replaced by an information adder 330b as shown in Figure 3b. The information adder 330b may include, for example, a serial arrangement of a watermark adder 340b and an additional information adder 342b. The watermark adder 340b may be configured, for example, to receive the input information display 310 and to provide an input information display 344b with a watermark to the information adder 342b. The information adder 342 may be equipped with, for example, watermark adders 344 and 320 to provide some information and to provide the information adder 342b with the information adder.
As can be seen from Figure 3c, the order of the add-on and the watermark add-on can be reversed from the order shown in Figure 3b.
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For example, the additional information may contain information about which watermarking process the watermarking process uses to add the watermark to be added. The remote information may also describe parameters that the watermarking process cannot use when adding the input watermarking information with the watermarking information 310 sources. So a watermarking process can contain information about which watermarking process is used, such as which watermarking process 3402 is used (for example, which watermarking process 3402 is used) or which watermarking process 3402 is used (for example, which watermarking process 3402 is used) so that the watermarking process can be used regardless of the time and frequency of the addition, and the frequency of the addition, depending on the time of the addition.
Further details on the embedding of a watermark and additional information are given below, for example in Figures 7a - 7d.
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a detector for detecting at least one watermark in a watermarked input information display. The detector as shown in Figure 4 is designated as a whole by 400. The detector 400 is designed to receive a watermarked information display (or input information display) 410. The detector 400 includes an embedded information extractor 420 designed to receive the watermarked information display 410 and an embedded information 422 which includes descriptive information for the purpose of extracting from the information display 410 information for the purpose of embedding at least one watermark in the information display.
The detector 400 shall also include a watermark extractor 430 designed to receive the watermark information representation 410 and the descriptive information 422 for the purpose of embedding at least one watermark in the information representation 410.
The watermark extractor 430 can thus specifically identify a watermark in the information display 410 based on the embedding information 422. For example, the descriptive information 422 provides the watermark extractor 430 with information 422 on the method of embedding a watermark in the information display 410 into the information display. Alternatively or additionally, the watermark extractor 430 can be provided with information 422 from the embedding information extractor 420 on, for example, which detection code or extraction to use to extract a watermark from the information display 410. Furthermore, the watermark extractor 430 can provide information on how many watermarks are contained in the information display 410.
The embedded information extractor 420 may evaluate, for example, additional information contained in information representation 410 to provide descriptive information 422.For example, additional information may be information that is not part of the actual information content of the watermark but describes how one or more watermarks are embedded in the information representation 410.
Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of an embedder for embedding a watermark in an information display or in an input information display, according to an embodiment of the invention. The embedder in Fig. 5 is designated as a whole by 500. The embedder 500 is designed to receive an input information display 510 and to produce an information display 534 with the embed or add watermark. The embedder 500 includes an embed parameter specification 520. The embed parameter specification 520 may also be implemented to add a schematically specified drainage form 522 to an initial waterfall of 524 m or more, which may be used to receive an input water saving value of 526 m or more. The embedder 530 may also be designed to include an input water saving function 526 m or more, which may be used to insert a water saving value of 526 m or more into the waterfall of the embed or add water.
Thus, for example, by embedding the watermark 532 to be added into the input information display 510 using the embedding parameters 526, the watermark inserter 530 provides an information display 534 with the watermark to be embedded.
The 500 embedder thus allows the determination of the 526 embed parameters based on an initial value 524, evaluating a derivative function 522. The ability to evaluate the derivative function 522 multiple times makes it possible to generate different sets of 526 embed parameters based on a single initial value 524 in a simple way. The use of a derivative function, which may be a cryptographic one-time function, can allow the allocation of access rights to different embedders. Details of this will be explained below.
Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a detector for detecting a watermark in a watermarked information display. The detector as shown in Figure 6 is designated as a whole by 600. The detector 600 is designed to receive a watermarked information display or input information display 610 and to provide information 634 about a watermark contained in the information display 610.
The detector 600 includes a detection parameter determiner 620. The detection parameter determiner 620 is designed to apply a schematically represented derivation function 622 to an initial value 624 that can be specified from the outside or stored in the detection parameter determiner 620 once or more to obtain a detection parameter 626 for detecting the watermark in the information display.
The detector 600 also includes a watermark extractor 630 designed to receive the watermarked information display 610 and the detection parameter 626. The watermark extractor 630 is also configured to provide information 634 about a watermark contained in the information display 610 from the watermarked information display 610 using the detection parameter 626. In other words, the detection parameter 626 is used to set the watermark extractor 630. The detection parameter can, for example, specify which resources (such as zeolite or frequency bands) are used to detect the watermark. In addition, or alternatively, a detection parameter 626 can be used to determine if a watermark is separated from the watermark. For example, a watermark 610 can be used to identify different watermark codes when using different detection parameters.
In addition, the detection parameter determiner 620 may be designed to determine, for example, based on an (optional) index parameter 640, how often the derivative function 622 is to be applied to the initial value 624 to obtain the detection parameter 626.
It should be noted that, for example, additional algorithms can be used to determine the detection parameter 626 from the initial value 624. For example, an intermediate result obtained by applying the derivation function to the initial value can serve as an input value for a calculation rule that maps the intermediate result to a detection code. By applying the corresponding function rule, for example, the detection parameter obtained can be obtained to have certain properties that are advantageous or necessary for watermark extraction. For example, the intermediate result obtained by applying the derivation function 622 to the initial value 624 can be used as an input value (separator code) for a detection value, for example, by keeping the different starting codes at least orthogonal to each other.
However, many other possibilities are conceivable for mapping the intermediate result obtained by applying the derivation function to the initial value to a detection parameter 626.
Figure 7a shows a block diagram of an embedder for embedding a watermark to be added to an information display or an input information display. The embedder in Figure 7a is identified as a whole by 700. The embedder 700 is designed to receive an input information display 710 and generate a watermarked information display 720 based on it. The watermarked information display 720 may also optionally be provided with additional information, for example describing the embedment.
The watermark 700 includes a watermark information detector 730 designed to receive the input information display 710 and obtain information from it for the purpose of watermark embedding; the watermark 700 also includes a watermark add-on 740 designed to, for example, add an additional watermark to the input information display 710 using information provided by the watermark information detector 730 to obtain the information displayed by the watermark; the watermark 700 also includes, for example, an embedded watermark indicator 750 designed to capture information from the watermark information display 730 or to add a watermark indicator 740 to the input information display 710 in order to obtain the information displayed by the watermark; and the watermark 720 includes, for example, an embedded watermark indicator 750 designed to capture information from the watermark information display 730 or to add a watermark indicator 740 to the watermark display in order to provide more information about the watermark display.
The 700 inserter shall also include an additional information provider 760 designed to receive information from the watermark information detector with respect to a watermark contained in the input information display 710 and to provide additional information to the watermark add-in 740, which may be added by the watermark add-in 740, for example, to the input information display 710, so that the watermark information display 720 also includes the additional information.
The following describes in detail what information can be obtained from the input information display 710 by the watermark information detector 730 and how this information can be used by the watermark add-in 740, the embedding parameter determiner 750 and the additional information provider 760.
For example, the watermark information detector 730 may include a detector 731 for detecting reusable watermark information. For example, the watermark information detector 731 for reusable watermark information may be designed to detect synchronization information in the input information display 710. The synchronization information may be present, for example, if a watermark is already present in the input information display 710. The synchronization information may be, for example, a particular pattern contained in the input information display 710 that may be, for example, a watermark embedded in the input information display 710 or a watermark embedded in an input information display 710 that may be, for example, a watermark embedded in an input information display 710 that may be a pattern that may be different from the one that is provided in the input information display 710.For example, the synchronization information may be embedded in the input information display 710 according to a given synchronization embedding code. For example, the synchronization information may occur simultaneously (or at least overlap in time) in several individual frequency bands of the information display, making the synchronization information particularly detectable, for example. The detector 731 for the reusable watermark information may thus, for example, provide a 732 on the reusable watermark information to the watermark insert 740 config. The watermark insert 740 may be attached to the input information, for example, a pre-configuration of the reusable watermark information to be used in the watermark insert 740H.to add synchronisation information to input information display 710 only if information 732 from the detector 731 for reusable watermark information indicates that no watermark information is already present or detectable in input information display 710.
For example, if the information 732 from the detector 731 for reusable watermark information indicates that synchronisation information is already present in the input information display 710, the watermark inserter 740 may, for example, add the synchronisation information to be added in synchronisation with the synchronisation information already present in the input information display. For this purpose, for example, the detector 731 for reusable watermark information may provide the watermark inserter 740 with information on where in the input information display (for example, at what time or at what frequency bands) synchronisation information may already be added, based on which information the watermark should be added (for example, at what time and at what frequency intervals) or on which watermark should be added (for example, at which frequency intervals).
In addition, the watermark add-in 740 may be configured to add synchronization information to the input information display 710 when information 732 from the detector 731 for reusable watermark information indicates that no reusable synchronization information was detected in the input information display 710.
By reusing the synchronization information when embedding another watermark by the watermark insert 740 into an input information display that already contains a synchronization information (and thus in many cases also a watermark information), on the one hand, a negative impact on the information display 710 can be minimized by embedding the watermark to be added, and on the other hand, a resource-saving detection of multiple characters in the watermark insert 720 can be achieved. Thus, usually the influence of one information display is reduced the less information is inserted into it. This will reduce the impact of the information display 720 on the information display that is already available, rather than a new synchronization.
The watermark information detector may also have, for example, a detector 733 to identify additional information already included in the input information display 710. The detector 733 may, for example, provide information 734 about the additional information. The additional information may be, for example, a side information describing the embedding of one or more watermarks in the EIS information display 710. For example, the additional information may contain information about how many additional information is already included in the input information display 710. The additional information added may not necessarily describe the total number of additional information embedded, but may also be limited to the number of watermarks that are always included in a given watermark. However, the information about the total number of watermarks that are actually included in a given watermark may not be limited to the number of watermarks that are included in a given watermark.
The detector 733 may also be designed to detect, for example, additional information indicating the watermark embedding procedure or watermark embedding procedure by which the watermarks in the input information display 710 are embedded. This information may be present, for example, in conjunction with the synchronisation information in the input information display 710. For example, the synchronisation information, for example by selecting the synchronisation pattern, may contain information on which watermark embedding procedure the watermarks in the input information display 710 may be embedded by.
Alternatively or additionally, the additional information may include, for example, information about what resources (e.g. time slots, frequency bands or embedding codes or spread codes) were used to embed one or more watermarks into the input information display. This information may be contained in additional information, which may, for example, have the structure described above. In other words, the corresponding additional information may be contained, for example, within the synchronization information, in parallel with the synchronization information in time or subsequently to the synchronization input (e.g. some immediately after the synchronization information) in the output information display. In some cases, the additional information is separated from the additional information encoded by the associated watermark, which is described in the output information.
Thus, for example, whereas watermark information encodes a specific information, which is, for example, freely selectable on the embedded side, the additional information may be determined, for example, by the parameters with which the actual information of the watermark is encoded or embedded. In other words, in some embodiments, a strict logical separation can be made between the additional information, which is directed to the way the information of the watermark is presented, and the actual information itself, which is encoded by the watermark. In other words, the additional information can be used to identify, for example, the embedding parameters, under which the information to be encoded by the watermark has been embedded in the information set, without decoding the additional information of the watermark, which is independent of the information encoded by the watermark and which, in some cases, only depends on the parameters of the information.
In some other embodiments, the watermark information detector 730 may include a detector 735 for embedded watermark embedding parameters. For example, the detector 735 may receive the input information display 710 and then provide information 736 on embedded parameters using one or more watermarks embedded in the input information display 710. For example, the detector 735 may be designed to analyze the input information display 710 to determine which input information display 710 already contains input information display 710 using input parameters or corameter watermarks. The detector 735 may also be used for this purpose to obtain information 710 about embedded watermarks, for example, using a watermark identifier. For example, the detector 710 may be used to determine whether or not the information contained in the input information display 710 has been embedded in a particular watermark. For example, the detector 710 may be used to determine whether or not the information contained in the input information display 710 has been embedded in a particular watermark.
In other words, while the detector 733 may be designed to evaluate, for example, additional information that is different from the utility information represented by the watermark, the detector 735 may be designed to analyze, for example, the watermark information that represents the utility information, so there are several ways in which information can be obtained about a watermark contained in the input information display 710.
In another embodiment, the watermark information detector 730 may (alternatively or additionally) include a detector 737 designed to determine a number of watermarks embedded in the input information, e.g. the detector 737 may be designed to receive the input information display 710 and provide information 738 on the number of embedded watermarks (or detected embedded watermarks).
As described above, it is not necessary for Information 738 to describe all the watermarks in the Input Information Display 710; rather, for some embodiments, it is sufficient for Information 738 to describe a number of watermarks detected in the Input Information Display 710.
In summary, there are many ways to obtain information from the watermark information detector 730 describing the embedding of watermarks in the input information display 710 and the corresponding information 732, 734, 736, 738 can be used in various ways as described below.
For example, the information 732 on reusable watermark information can be directly transmitted to the watermark add-in 740 so that the watermark add-in 740 can decide, for example, based on the information on reusable watermark information, whether reusable watermark information is present in the input information display 710 and, if applicable, the reusable information can then be directly used by the watermark add-in 740.
Furthermore, the Supplementary Information Provider 760 may receive the information 732, 734, 736, 738 (or even some or all of the information) supplied by the watermark information display 730 and derive additional information to be added to the input information display 710. The additional information may include, for example, information regarding the embedding of watermarks or watermark information already contained in the input information display 710. For example, the additional information 762 may contain a reference to the additional information 734 already contained in the input information display 710 and detected by the detector 733. Further additional information to be added may include, for example, a copy of the additional information 734 and a copy of the additional information 734 contained in the input information display 710.For example, the watermark information detector 730 provides information on a number of watermarks embedded in the input information display 710; for example, the watermark information provider 760 can increase the number and thus generate the input information 762 so that it describes the number of watermarks embedded in the input information display 720 after the watermark information is added. The remote information detector 762 can provide information about the watermark information in the input information display 710 that is already embedded in the input information display.The watermark shall be embedded in the following way:
It should be noted that the additional information 762 does not necessarily have to include all of the above information, but that it is sufficient if the additional information includes only one or more of the above information.
However, in some embodiments, there are advantages when the Additional Information 762 not only describes how the additive watermark is added to the input information display 710 but also when the Additional Information 762 continues to include information about the watermarks already included in the input information display 710; this combined information, which describes both the watermarks already present in the E-s Information display 710 and the embedding of the watermark to be embedded, is particularly efficient when evaluated in an input detector. For example, by evaluating a single Additional Information 762, a detector can obtain a comprehensive information about the embedding of the watermarks in the input information display 710 (or at least a summary of all the watermarks) so that it is not necessary to include multiple inputs and to obtain a number of information in order to obtain the information.
The Embed Parameter Determiner 750 may also be designed to set or adjust embedded parameters for the embedding of the watermark to be added by the watermark insert 740 depending on one or more of the information 732, 734, 736, 738 provided by the watermark information detector 730 For example, Additional Information 734 may include information on how, using sample resources (e.g. using Schedule Schedules, using frequency bands or using embedding codes), the watermarks already contained in the input configuration information display 710 750 can be embedded, so that the watermark insert indicator 750 can select which watermark insert is suitable for the filling of the watermark, and/or the watermark insert indicator 750 can be selected for the filling of the watermark.Based on the information on which time slots are used by the watermarks already included in the input information display 710, the Embed Parameter Determiner 750 may, for example, select a free time slot for the embedding of the watermark to be added. Similarly, the Embed Parameter Determiner may select 750 (free or only weakly-covered) frequency bands suitable for the embedding of the watermark when the watermark transmitter changes the frequency of the information displayed by the 730 information flash.
For example, if the information provided by the watermark information identifier 730 indicates which embedding code or embedding codes were used to embed information in the input information display 710, the embed parameter determiner 750 may also select, for example, an embedding code for the embedding of the watermark to be added that is sufficiently different from, for example, the embedding codes used in the input information display 710. For example, the embedding parameter determiner 750 may select, for the embedding of the input watermark information display 710, an embedding code that is at least one digit close to the watermark identifier used for the embedding of the watermark information, for example, by providing a pre-evaluation of the watermark information already provided by the embedding of the watermark 710 in the E-SIM.
In an embodiment, the embed parameter determiner may be designed to also generate embed parameters for an embed of additional information, such as those provided by the additional information provider 760. e.g. In this case, the embed parameter determiner 750 may be configured to set the embed parameters for the embed of additional information 762 so that the additional information 762 is embed with essentially the same embed parameters as an additional information already contained in the input information display 710. e.g. for this purpose, the watermark embed information display 730 may be provided in a way that enables additional information about the additional information 7610 to be effectively used in addition to the information already contained in the input information display 710. e.g. the additional information may be provided in a way that enables additional information about the additional information already contained in the detection display 710 to be used in addition to the information already contained in the input information display 710.
In another embodiment, information 738 on the number of embedded watermarks can be evaluated to determine or specify the embedding parameters. For example, the embedding parameter determiner 750 may have a functionality that is equivalent to a functionality of the embedding parameter determiner 520 as explained in Figure 5. Information 738 on the number of embedded watermarks (which can be determined, for example, either based on additional information in the input information display or based on an analysis of the input information display) can often be used to decide whether the derivation function 522 is applied to the initial 524b in order to obtain the 526betting parameter.
In summary, the embedding parameter determiner 750 can, for example, generate one or more embedding parameters 752 which can then be fed to the watermark add-in 740. The embedding parameters can be selected, for example, based on information 732, 734, 736, 738 on watermarks already included in the input information display 710. The embedding parameters can, for example, be used to select an embedding procedure. The embedding parameters can also describe details regarding the embedding, such as a single-bedd code, a single-bedd timeout or an embedding frequency.
Further details regarding individual aspects of the embedding 700 are described below using Fig. 7b - 7d. For example, Fig. 7b shows a graphical representation of resources available for embedding watermark information. The graphical representation of Fig. 7b is denoted as a whole by 770. The graphical representation 770 shows a time-frequency band representation of an information representation. An abbreviation 772 is for example the time applied, and an ordinate 774 is for example the frequency applied. The time-frequency representation can, for example, represent an audio signal that is divided into individual segments and frequency bands. A corresponding image can be represented by an analysis of different signal bands, for example, a frequency band 777a. - They can be represented by an analysis of the spectrum of the signal, for example, 777a. - They can be represented by a spectral analysis of the signal.
For example, in a time band 776b, the frequency bands 777a - 777f contain substantial synchronization information (SYNC). Furthermore, for example, in another frequency band 777g in the time band 776b (thus time-parallel to the synchronization information) additional information may be contained describing an embedding of a watermark. The additional information in the frequency band 777g during the time interval 776b is, of course, to be considered as optional. Furthermore, additional information may also be contained, for example, in a timesheet after the synchronization information (SYNC). For example, the synchronization information in the frequency band 777a - 77f may be contained during the time interval 776c.
For example, the additional information for different embedded watermarks may be in different frequency bands (or time slots); for example, the additional information describing a first embedded watermark or inserted in a first watermark embedding may be in frequency band 777f during the time period 776c; for a second watermark embedding or added when a second watermark is embedded, for example, in frequency band 776e during the time period 776c; in general, additional information describing the embedding of a watermark or the different watermarks may be inserted using different resources using different embedded resources (for example, when the frequency of the release of information is changed).Thus, for example, when adding another watermark, the existing additional information is supplemented by adding additional additional information using, for example, previously unused resources. This avoids, for example, overlapping of additional information, which ensures, for example, that the presentation of information is not unduly affected, and also ensures that the individual additional information is readable without mutual interference. In this respect, it should be noted that when watermark information is embedded in an information display, it is usually difficult or impossible to remove or change information that has already been inserted in the information display (e.g. additional information). Addition of additional information to an existing watermark may be necessary in the case of adding some additional information to an existing information display.
For example, the information of the first watermark in the first time period 776d may be contained in the frequency bands 777b, 777d and 777f; the information of the first watermark in the fourth time period 776f may be contained in the frequency bands 777b, 777d and 777f; information of a second watermark may be contained in the third time period 778a; and information of a second watermark may be contained in a third time period 777b (for example, 776c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 777c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c, 77c
For example, it can be seen from Figure 770 that the watermark information (described by the dashed fields 778a, 778b, 778c, 778d of Figure 770) can be stored separately from the corresponding additional information in the watermark.
In summary, the graphic representation of Fig. 7b may describe an information signal, which, in addition to the underlying utility information (including, for example, an audio signal, image information, text information or computer program information), contains a watermark and, for example, additional information.
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For example, if the one-time function is applied to the second value 784, a third value 786 can be obtained. In other words, the same algorithm is applied to the second value 784 as was applied to the first value 782 to determine the second value 784, so, for example, the third value 786 is obtained from the second value 784. By reapplying the one-time function to the third value 786, one can, for example, obtain a fourth value 788. If the one-time function is reapplied to the four-time value 788, a fifth value 789 is obtained.
The values 782 to 789 may also be used, for example, to describe the embedding or detection parameters of an embedded or detector, as explained above.
In addition, the management of different access rights can be implemented. For example, a first-time user (or detector) knows the first value 782 (initial value 1) and can determine all values 782 - 789 with little computational effort using the one-time function. On the other hand, a user (or detector) knows only the third value 786 (initial value 2) and the corresponding user (or detector) with reasonable computational effort can only determine the fourth value 788 or the fifth value 789 (or subsequent values).Thus, with reasonable computational effort, the first value 782 and the second value 784 cannot be determined. Accordingly, the said detector, knowing only the initial value 2, cannot embed or detect a watermark, so that the embed parameters correspond to the embed parameters of the first value 782 or the second value 784. This can ensure, for example, that an embed that knows only the third value 786 (initial value 2) does not unjustifiably embed a watermark according to the embed parameters of the first value 782 or according to the embed parameters of the second value 784.
The following illustration shows how an embedding parameter can be obtained using a one-time function, using Fig. 7d. For this purpose, Fig. 7d shows a graphic representation of a procedure for determining an embedding code or a detection code from an initial value using a one-time function. The graphic representation in Fig. 7d is denoted in its entirety by 790. Fig. 790 shows that an intermediate result 794 can be obtained from a single or multiple application of a one-time function starting from an initial value 792. For example, the intermediate result 794 corresponds to the second value 784, the third value 786, the fourth value 788 or the fifth value 789 according to Fig.7c. The intermediate result 794 may, however, correspond to other values which can be obtained, for example, by applying the one-time function to the first value 782 or to the initial value 782 more than four times. The intermediate result 794 may, for example, serve as a seed parameter for an embedding code generation. For example, an embedding code can be generated based on the intermediate result 794 by feeding the intermediate result as a starting value to a code generator. The code generator may, for example, be a back-scrolling scrolling arrangement, as is known for example for the generation of pseudo-scrolling numbers.where the different code sequences can be, for example, the different embedded codes. In other words, a back-coupled scrolling register arrangement will, for example, generate a first code sequence when the back-coupled scrolling register arrangement is loaded with the first start value. A second bit sequence or code sequence will be generated when the back-coupled scrolling register arrangement is loaded with a second start value. The different bit sequences will, for example, form the different code sequences.
However, in general, any algorithm that allows the derivation of different codes 794 based on different initial parameters, for example, with at least approximate predetermined properties (e.g. stochastic properties), can be used to derive the embedding code or detection code 796 from the intermediate result 794. Other algorithms can also be used to derive an embedding parameter from the intermediate result 794. For example, individual bits of the intermediate result 794 can be used directly to directly form the embedding parameters.
Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a detector for extracting a watermark from a watermarked information display. The detector as shown in Figure 8 is designated 800 in its entirety. For example, the detector 800 is designed to receive a watermarked information display 810 and to provide information 820 about at least one watermark in the information display 810. However, in some embodiments the detector 800 may be designed to provide information about a plurality of watermarks in the information display 810. For example, the detector 800 may be designed to provide information 820 about a watermark first and to provide information 822 about a second watermark.
For example, the detector 800 includes a watermark information detector 830 designed to receive the watermarked information display 810 and to provide information on a watermark information contained in the information display 810 based on that information. For example, the watermark information detector 830 may have the same basic functionality as the watermark information detector 730 of the insert 700.
For example, the watermark information detector 830 may be designed to provide information 832 on the reusable watermark information, for example; the watermark information detector 830 may be designed to provide additional information 834 on the basis of the watermark information display 810 with at least one watermark, for example, corresponding to the watermark information display 734; the watermark information detector 830 may be designed to provide information 836 on embedded parameters, for example, corresponding to the watermark information display 8310; alternatively or additionally, the watermark information display 830 may provide information 834 on all watermark information display 830 with at least one watermark; the watermark information detector 838 may provide information on the watermark information display 8310 with all of the watermark information display 8310 with the watermark information display 8310; however, in this case, it is appropriate to specify that information is provided in relation to the watermark information display 8388.
The detector 800 also includes a watermark extractor 840, which is designed to receive the watermarked information display 810 from an embedded parameter detector 850. The watermark extractor 840 may also be designed to receive, for example, information 832 on reusable watermark information provided that such information is provided by the watermark information detector 830. Furthermore, the watermark extractor is designed, for example, to receive an embedded parameter information 852 from an embedded parameter detector 850. The watermark extractor 840 may therefore, for example, be designed to extract information 832 based on the watermark information 810 and, depending on the information provided, extract information 832 from a single watermark information detector 832. For example, if the watermark 832 contains at least one watermark, the watermark 840 may be used to extract information about the watermark 832. However, if the watermark 832 contains at least one watermark, the information about the watermark 832 may be extracted by using two different watermark information extractors. For example, if the watermark 832 contains at least one watermark, the watermark 840 may be used to extract information about the watermark 832 and the watermark 820 may be used to extract information about the watermark 832 by using a single watermark.
The embedding parameter determiner 850 may, for example, be designed to set the embedding parameters 852 in such a way as to avoid the presence of an additional watermark from the information display 810 which is actually contained in the information display 810 or whose presence is at least partially due to the presence of an additional watermark 832, 834, 836, 838, 832, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834, 834,
For example, the detector 800 also includes a flow controller 860 designed to control, for example, the extraction of several watermarks; for example, the flow controller 860 can be configured to discontinue a watermark extraction from the information display 810 if all suspected watermarks have been identified in the information display 810; for example, the watermark information detector 830 provides information 838 about a number of watermarks embedded in the information display, for example, the flow controller 860 can complete a search for watermarks in the information display, as far as the watermarks described are concerned, but all watermarks identified are identical; for example, the watermark information can be provided by a watermark detector, which can provide information 838 about the watermark in case of an error in the information display 83840; and, therefore, the information may be less than necessary in the event of an error in the information display 83840; for example, if the watermark information is not available, the watermark information may be provided by a watermark detector.
The above description shows that the detector 800 offers significant advantages over conventional detectors. The use of reusable watermark information can speed up watermark extraction. The use of information provided by the watermark information detector 830 can also allow the search for embedded watermarks to be carried out in a very systematic manner, for example, only watermarks that are actually present are extracted and an unsuccessful search for non-existent watermarks is eliminated.
For example, additional benefits may be obtained (optionally) if the Embed Parameter Determiner 850 is designed to determine one or more Embed Parameters using a one-way function. For example, the initial value may be specified, and the information 838 on the number of embedded watermarks may be used to decide how often the one-way function should be applied to the initial value. For example, if the information 838 indicates that three watermarks are included in the information representation 810, for example, the one-way function may be applied once to the initial value to obtain the extraction parameters for the extraction of the first watermark. A second extraction parameter for the extraction of the watermark may be used to decide how often the one-way function should be applied to the initial value. For example, a detector may be used to derive a real-time value for the extraction of water by applying a detector, which is used to determine the extraction efficiency of a watermark.
It should be noted that the terms embedding parameters and detection parameters can be used essentially synonymously in the context of the detection of a watermark. For example, if the embedding parameters used to embed a watermark in an information display or information signal are known, it can in many cases be assumed that this also means that the detection parameters with which the watermark can be detected or extracted are known.
Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of an embedder for embedding a watermark into an audio signal. The embedder as shown in Fig. 9 is designated as a whole by 900. The embedder 900 is designed to receive a watermark information, i.e. a utility signal embedded in a watermark, via a data input 910. The embedder 900 also includes a data stream generator 920 designed to receive the watermark utility information from the data 910 and, based on this, to generate a parallel data input, for example, comprising m bits.For example, the data stream generator 920 is designed to propagate the propagated data stream with a first spread code (spread code C). For example, the data stream generator 920 may be designed to generate a multiple of bit streams from one of the propagated data streams by applying a bit code. Some data stream 910 generates a stream of bits from the propagated data stream, once the data stream 910 is generated, the data stream 920 may be designed to propagate the propagated data stream by using a single spread code (spread code C).In summary, the data stream once scattered is generated from the watermark usage information from the data input 910 by applying forward error correction (FEC), by applying time-switching and by applying a first scattering operation with scattering code C. The individual bits of the data stream once scattered are then divided into a parallel data stream, which includes, for example, m parallel data streams with associated bits (Bit 1, Bit 2, ..., Bit m-1, Bit m).In one of the spreadsheets 9301 - 930m, for example, depending on the value of the corresponding bit 9221 - 922m, a first sequence (sequence 1) or a second sequence (sequence 2) is selected. The first sequence and the second sequence can be complementary to each other, for example. The sequences may be, for example, a spreadsheet M and the inverse of the spreadsheet M. Thus, for example, each bit 9221 - 922m is spread by the corresponding spreadsheet 9301 - 930m, so that, for example, m-scattered sequences of bits 9321 - 932m are produced.In an embodiment, one level of each level-controlled, scattered bit sequence 942i is set to the level of the associated non-level-controlled scattered bit sequence 932; (i = 1, ..., n) can be individually set. However, a level setting can also be shared for a group of scattered bit sequences.
The integrated 900 also includes a synthesis filter bank 950 which may be designed, for example, to perform an inverse Fourier transformation; the synthesis filter bank 950 is configured, for example, to receive the level-controlled and scattered bits 9421-942m; the synthesis filter bank 950 may additionally be designed to receive one or more (e.g. level-controlled) synchronization frequencies; the synthesis filter bank 950 is thus, for example, designed to receive the level-controlled bit sequences 9421-942m and the level-controlled bit sequences 952m as frequency range input signals and, based on this, for example, to generate a corresponding time by forming an inverse Fourier transform.
The inserter 900 also includes a summer 960, designed, for example, to add the output signal 952 of the synthesis filter bank 950 to a main audio signal 962 to produce a watermarked audio signal or sum audio signal 964 (as specified in the watermark information).
For example, the psychoacoustic control unit 970 is designed to receive the main audio signal 962 and to generate level control signals 972 for the loudness level setters 9401-940m. For this purpose, the psychoacoustic unit 970 can process, for example, the main audio signal 962 to detect thresholds in the main audio signal. In other words, the psychoacoustic control unit 970 can be detected by, for example, a psychoacoustic sound signal 950, such as a sound signal 962 added to the main audio signal 9401-940m. The sound signal exceeds the sound signal 962 in the sound filter bank 962-9402-9402-9502-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9402-9
The inserter 900 also includes, for example, a synchronization sequence generator 980 designed to generate one or more bit sequences, for example, for synchronization in a watermark extraction from the sum signal 964. The synchronization sequence generator 980 thus generates one or more synchronization sequences 982 which are subjected to a level setting (controlled, for example, by the psychoacoustic unit 970) in a peg setter 990, for example.
The input 900 can be improved in various ways, as indicated above. For example, the synchronization sequence generator can be controlled depending on whether a synchronization sequence is already present in the main audio signal 962. In other words, the main audio signal 962 corresponds to, for example, the input information representation 110 according to Fig. 1, the Es information representation 310 according to Fig. 3a - 3c, the input information representation 510 according to Fig. 5 or the input information representation 710 according to Fig. 7a. Thus, the input 900 is equipped with a corresponding watermark information generator, which is already designed to activate a main audio signal manually.
In addition, parameters of the in-builder 900, such as the spread sequences used or the frequency bands used to generate the signal 952, can be set depending on information describing a watermark contained in the main audio signal 962.
In addition, the selection of these parameters used by the embedding device 900 can be made by means of an embedding parameter, as illustrated, for example, in Figures 5 and 7a.
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Fig. 10 shows a block diagram of a watermark detector, according to an embodiment of the invention. The watermark detector as shown in Fig. 10 is denoted in its entirety by 1000. The watermark detector 1000 is designed to receive an audio signal with at least one watermark at a signal input 1010 and to form a watermark utility information 1020 based on it. The detector 1000 includes an analytical filter bank 1030 designed to receive the watermark audio signal and break it down into individual spectral bands. For example, the analytical filter bank 1030 may be designed to change a Fourier transform or a Fourier transform.The detector 1000 also includes a number of, e.g. m spreaders and standardisers 10401 - 1040m. A i-ter spreader and standardiser 1040i may be designed, for example, to correlate an associated useful signal frequency band 1034 with a detection spread code (generally a detection or extraction code) in order to reverse the spread through the spreaders 9301 - 930m. By correlating with the corresponding spread code or detection code or, for example, an extraction code, the detection of the remaining bit can also be carried out in the norm.For example, the output of the 10401-1040m transmitters and standardisers may contain bit information 10421-1042m, which may contain, for example, bit information released and standardised by the 10401-1040m transmitters and standardisers. The detector 1000 also includes a watermark recovery unit 1050, which is designed, for example, to receive the 10421-1042m bit signals and, based on this, to recover the 1020m watermark utility information. The 1050m watermark recovery unit may, for example, provide a corresponding signal, for example, to recover the 920C (S) bit stream produced in the 920m transmitter.For example, the watermark recovery unit 1050 may also have a nesting reverser (also called a de-interleaver) designed to reverse the time nesting of bits performed in the bitstream generator 920; and the watermark recovery unit 1050 may include, for example, an error correcting or forward error correction unit designed to exploit the error correcting information added by the bitstream generator 920 to obtain the watermark utility information 1020 based on the bitstream signals 10421 - 1042m, so that the effects of the error in the bitstream information 1020 are reduced in the watermark information 10421 - 1042m.
The decoder 1000 also includes a synchronizer 1080 designed to receive the synchronization signals 10341 - 1034n. The synchronizer includes, for example, one or more synchronization correlators 10821 - 1082n, where the synchronization correlators 10821 - 1082n are designed to receive the respective synchronization signals 10341. 1034n received and correlate with a pre-set synchronization signal detection code.The synchronization correlators 10821 - 1082n can detect the presence of a synchronization marker in the synchronization signals 10341 - 1034n. The synchronization correlators 10821 - 1082n also include a synchronization signal processing unit, for example, a pre-set synchronization signal value of 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 1084 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 10341 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 1034 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - 10 -
The extracted synchronous signal 1086 is then fed, for example, to the dispatchers and standardisers 10401 - 1040m to synchronise the function of the dispatchers and standardisers 10401 - 1040m with the synchronous information contained in the input signal 1010.
The decoder 1000 can be extended in a variety of ways to achieve one or more of the additional functionalities described above. For example, the decoder 1000 can be supplemented with a detector designed to identify a multi-use information in the input signal 1010 and to provide the multi-use identification for a multi-watermark extraction. For example, if the multi-use information detector recognizes that the input signal 1010 contains synchronization information that can be used for a multi-watermark detection or extraction, the detector can provide the corresponding information (e.g., the corresponding synchronization information) for the multi-watermark detection.For example, the first set of dispersers and standardisers is configured to recognize a watermark that is embedded in the input 1010 according to a first embedding procedure or a first embedding code. The second set of dispersers and standardisers may also be designed to extract, for example, a watermark from the input 1010 that can be re-embedded in the input 1010 according to a second embedding procedure or using a second embedding code.and a single detection of the synchronisation information is sufficient to detect several different watermarks (e.g. embedded using different embedding methods or using different embedding codes).
Furthermore, the decoder 1000 can have various advantageous concepts to set the extraction parameters used for the extraction of a watermark. For example, the detector 1000 may include a watermark information detector, which is, for example, equivalent to the watermark information detector 830 of the detector 800. Furthermore, the detector 1000 may have, for example, an embedded parameter determiner, which is, for example, essentially equivalent to the embedded parameter determiner of the 850 detector 800. Moreover, the detector 1000 may also have a flow control, which is, for example, essentially equivalent to the flow control 860 of the detector 800.
For example, the embedded parameter determiner can specify which detection code is used to respond to signals 10321-1032m. Alternatively or additionally, the embedded parameter determiner can specify, for example, which detection code is used to respond to signals 10421-1042m in the watermark reverser 1050. Alternatively or additionally, the embedded parameter determiner can also specify the lengths of the corresponding detection codes to respond to the signals in question. Otherwise, the information on how the time delays in the watermark reverser 1050m are different can also be used to determine the time difference made by the watermark reverser 1050. For example, the watermark reverser can also be set to the frequency of the watermark reverser.
The following briefly describes some details of an overall system consisting of the 900 inlet and the 1000 detector. At the input of the 900 inlet, for example, PCM-coded audio signals or audio signals coded according to a pulse code modulation are received. This audio signal (for example, the main audio signal 962) is analyzed by a psychoacoustic process, for example by the psychoacoustic unit 970. The psychoacoustic process ensures, for example, that the watermark is inaudible or that the watermark is only faintly perceptible. Data transmission, for example, which is obtained at the input time of the 910 inlet, is not suitable for original audio (for example, the 962 inlet) and can be processed by an internal processor, for example, a circuit-locked circuit.
The input signal at the 1010 input of the extractor can be picked up, for example, by a microphone. This microphone of the extractor can, for example, have a frequency range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz (typically with a frequency range of +/- 5 dB).
For example, a bandwidth for watermark transmission is limited by the extractor's microphone to a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz. A lower bandwidth is denoted fmin. An upper bandwidth is denoted fmax. In some embodiments, fmin < 100 Hz and fmax > 10 kHz. A frequency band from 0 to fmax is divided into M broad bands, and in these subbands the watermark part-transmits signals.
Since in an embodiment in the watermark extractor 1000 the subband signals (i.e. the signals 10321 - 1032m, or 10341 - 1034m) are further processed at a sampling rate fs1, it may be useful to select fs1 as small as possible in order to achieve cost-effective implementation of the watermark extractor. A bandwidth of the subbands may be, for example, fmax/M, where fmax may be, for example, less than 10 kHz. According to the sampling theorem, for example, the condition fs1 2 fmax/MHz must be met. This applies, for example, to a quotient of 24 k/tasfs1 of the two sampling rates:
An efficient implementation of the synthesis fiber bank 950 is possible, for example, if the quotient 24 kHz/fs1 is an integer multiple of M. Since fmax = 12 kHz is omitted, fmax = 6 kHz is chosen, for example.
The M-1 subband signals (e.g. the 9421-942m signals, together with the signals supplied by the synchronization generator 980 and the level setter 990 contain, for example, the coded information (e.g. the watermark utility information) and known training symbols that can be used for synchronization, for example on a receiver side, i.e. for example in the watermark extractor. In one embodiment, data symbols with synchronization symbols can be transmitted in time multiplex in each subband. In another embodiment, data symbols and synchronization symbols are transmitted in separate subbands.
For example, an output signal of the synthesis filter bank 950 is the actual watermark (including synchronization information and watermark utility information) added to the audio signal (e.g. to the main audio signal 962). For example, in order to make the watermark inaudible, the individual subband signals (e.g. the signals 9321-932m or 982) can still be changed in amplitude (i.e. reduced).
Fig. 9 shows, for example, the basic structure of the watermark inserter. The encoded bits (0 and 1) (represented, for example, by the bit signals 9221 - 922m) are represented, for example, by two orthogonal spread sequences of length Spreizen-M (e.g. Spreizen-M = 32). These spread sequences consist, for example, of the symbols +1 or -1. Thus, the subband data signals before a psychoacoustic weighting (PAW) are BPSK signals (each with power 1).
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For example, the 920 bitstream generator consists of three parts or implements three processing steps:The first step is to use a folding encoder or turbo encoder with a coding rate of R2.
For example, the encoder (fold encoder or turbo encoder) generates n > k bits of information encoded. For example, a codate is defined as a quotient R = k/n. For example, if the case k = 1 is considered, 1 < n 5 is assumed to be true.
For example, lower coderators can be generated by scattering the encoded bits with a bit sequence of length Spreizen-C. For example, each codebit with value 1 is replaced by the sc[k] bit sequence, and each codebit with value 0 is replaced by the negated bit sequence scnot[k] (k = 0, 1, ..., Spreizen-C - 1). An effective coderators is then, for example, R/Spreizen-C. For example, for R = 1/3 and Spreizen-C = 12, an effective coderators of 1/36 is obtained.
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For example, s0[k] or s1[k] (k = 0, 1, ..., spread-M - 1) are the spread sequences that represent a zero or a one.
The following describes some details regarding the synchronization sequences, such as how they are provided by the synchronization sequence generator 980 and how they are evaluated by the synchronization unit 1080 for example. For decoding the data on the receiver side (for example in the watermark extractor), it is advantageous to know the starting times of a code word. These times can be determined, for example, by transmitting known sequences and by correlating to these sequences in the receiver. These sequences are transmitted on the synchronization channels, for example.
A sequence of p [k] (k = 0, 1, ..., L - 1) of L BPSK symbols with good autocorrelation properties is generated. By periodic repetition of p[k] the signal u[n] is obtained: = p[n modulo L] (n = 0, 1, ...).
The following briefly describes some details concerning the psychoacoustic weighting. For example, a spread band modulation makes it possible to reduce the average signal power by spectral spread. In addition, the data signal is evaluated and modified according to psychoacoustic principles, thus ensuring, for example, the inaudibility of the signal added to the original audio signal 962. This inaudibility of the watermark information in the combined audio signal 964 is ensured, for example, by using the level setters 9401 - 940m and 990 under the control of the psychoacoustic unit 970, as briefly explained above. A detailed description of this is omitted, as this is not compatible with the present invention.
The following describes some details of the watermark detector or watermark extractor 1000. The watermarked audio signal, for example, generated by the embedder 900, can be conventionally distributed via existing transmission channels (e.g. broadcasting or the Internet) and is ultimately fed to the watermark detector or watermark extractor 1000.
For example, an input signal at the input 1010 of the detector 1000 includes a summation signal transmitted over the audio channel (e.g., the combined audio signal 964) which includes an audio signal and a watermark.
For example, the analysis filter bank 1030 breaks down the input signal from the input 1010 into M sub-band signals at a sampling rate of, say, 12/M kHz. For example, the signals in the unused sub-bands (e.g. sub-bands 17-32) are not calculated. For example, the sub-band signal No. 1 is calculated but not evaluated because it does not carry any information. The remaining, for example, M-1 sub-band signals are, for example, split into M-1 data-r signal and r synchronization signals and then further processed.
For example, the synchronisation signals (e.g. signals 10341 - 1034m) are correlated to determine the time at which the data signals (e.g. signals 10321 - 1032m) are decompressed (M-express).
The output signals of the blocks 10401 - 1040m denoted by the M-space are, for example, logarithmic probability ratios (LLRs), i.e. soft bits or softbits. A positive logarithmic probability ratio (LLR) indicates that a bit is a logical one, and a negative logarithmic probability ratio (LLR) indicates, for example, that it is a logical zero.
The logarithmic probability ratios are further processed, for example, in the watermark recovery 1050 or in a forward error correction (FEC).
The following briefly discusses the characteristics of the received subband signals (e.g. the signals 10321 - 1032m and 10341 - 1034m). Here, Xk[n](k = 1, 2, ..., M) are the subband signals in the watermark inbetter after the spreading (spreading-M) and before the psychoacoustic weighting.The following information is provided for the purpose of this section:
For example, the received signals (received by the decoder 1000, for example) are generally:
The effects of distortions are characterised, for example, by an average signal-to-noise ratio per channel, or by an average signal-to-noise ratio averaged over all channels.
A utility signal from a communications point of view is, for example, the signal xk[n-D]. Everything else is noise-like interference. The ratio of utility power C to interference power N, i.e. C/N, usually expressed in decibels, is, for example, the signal-to-noise ratio (also called noise distance).
The following is a brief description of synchronization in the detection of a watermark or processing of synchronization signals (for example, processing of synchronization signals 10341 - 1034m). In one embodiment, a transmitted synchronization sequence p[k] (k = 0, 1, ..., L-1) is known.
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The following describes the procedure for the spread-M: a processing unit designated as spread-M (e.g. one of the processing units 10401 - 1040m) calculates an exact output (e.g. in the form of a logarithmic probability relation LLR) from a block of spread-M inputs.
For example, x[n] (n = 0, 1, ..., Spreizen-M) is the sample value of a block of length Spreizen-M at an input of Spreizen-M (10401 - 1040m).
The signal y[n] is, for example, stimulated with a difference s10[n]: =s1[n] - s0[n] of the two spread sequences s1[n] and s0[n].
For example, because of an orthogonality of the spread sequences (< s0, s1> = 0), a logarithmic probability ratio LLR = 1 for y[n] = s1[n] and a logarithmic probability ratio LLR = -1 for y[n] = s0[n] are obtained.
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The following details describe the reversal of time-interlacing: For example, the time-interlacing reversal (also called de-interleaver) reverses a change in the order of bits in the transmitter (or embedded) by a corresponding (e.g. reverse) change in the order of the logarithmic probability ratios (LLR).
Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 78 (char 77)The sc1[k] = 1 is represented by the sc1[k] = -1 and the sc1[k] = 1 is represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 is represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 and the sc1[k] = 1 are represented by the sc1 and the sc1[k] = 1 and the 2 are represented by the sc1 and the 2 and the 2 respectively.
The following are the xLLR[n] (n = 0, 1, ..., spread-C) values of a block of logarithmic probability ratios (LLR) at the input of spread-C. First, for example, a block's power is standardized to 1.
The sequence yLLR[n] gives, for example, the displacement sequence sc1[k] for the relaxed logarithmic probability ratios
For example, these unlocked logarithmic probability ratios are pushed into the forward error-correction decoder (FEC-decoder) and decoded there.
The following details are provided with respect to the Forward Error Correction Decoder (FEC).
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The logarithmic probability ratios for decoding-M and decoding-C represent, for example, information bits encoded with the codate R (e.g. R = 1/3). For example, the forward error-correction decoder returns the decoded information bits at its output. To decode the information bits with the lowest possible error probability, it is desirable that the ratio Eb/N0 is sufficiently large.
The second sum is, for example, the sum of the spread gain (spreizen-M) and the coding gain (spreizen-C/R). For example, for spread-M = 32, spread-C = 12 and R = 1/3 the value of Eb/N0 is 30.6 dB above C/N.
For example, the aforementioned Proakis textbook showed, using simulation results for a sequential decoder, that a bit error probability Pb assumes, for example, the value Pb = 1e-6 for the following values of Eb/N0:The test shall be carried out on the test vessel.
For example, the same limits apply to the turbo decoder.
For example, if a reserve of 2-3 dB is added to the above values of Eb/N0 to cope with noise, then a requirement is that Eb/N0 should be, for example, 5 dB. With the above numerical values for Spreizen-M, Spreizen-C and R, for example, C/N before the Spreizen-M can be -25 dB.
It can be seen from the above description that it is precisely by spreading the watermark utility data at the time of embedding and by spreading the watermark utility information at the time of decoding that it is possible to achieve, for example, that the watermark information can be embedded in an audio signal in such a way that the audio signal is altered in an inaudible or only slightly audible way by the embedding of the watermark utility information. The use of different spread codes can also make it possible to spread different signs in the same audio signal (or in another information display). However, a reliable decoding or extraction of the watermark requires that the decoder is suitable or that the extractor corresponds to the decoder in a manner that is not audible (e.g. by considering the use of spread codes) or that the extraction of the spread codes can be carried out in a way that is suitable for the use of the above-mentioned methods, which can also be used to identify the spread codes or extract the spread codes, although the use of the extraction codes may be considered as a precondition for the use of the spread codes, which are suitable for the use of the extraction codes described above.
The following is a summary of some aspects of the present invention. The concept described in the present specification can be used, for example, for embedding watermarks in carrier data and for extracting, for example, embedded watermark data.
For example, in a conventional watermark embedding, watermark embedding is performed without testing a carrier signal (e.g. an audio signal, or a visual signal) for existing watermarks. In some embodiments, a watermark has the property of being able to contain several independent watermarks without interference. Furthermore, in some conventional concepts it is desirable that a detector has knowledge of the necessary embedding information of the different embeds.
If multiple watermarks are desired, there are special requirements: for example, each additional watermark must not render existing watermarks unusable; and a detector or watermark detector must be able to distinguish between watermarks from different watermarks.
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Conventional methods can have some disadvantages: for example, each embedter will traditionally independently add information (or watermark information) to an information display (e.g. an audio signal), so a detector or watermark detector will normally have to perform the full detection process for each embedter, and a detector will normally also need to have accurate information about the embedter to enable it to detect the watermark, for example, a conventional detector using a spreading band method requires the spreading sequence used by the embedter.
Thus, a conventional detector increases detection complexity and storage requirements with each watermark because a conventional detector attempts an extraction for every possible embedder, for example. It is therefore not possible to have an unlimited number of possible embedders, for example (which does not necessarily mean that an unlimited number of watermarks can be present in a carrier signal).
For example, a conventional extractor is not aware of any subsequent inserts and, for example, an update of the detectors is necessary if an inserter is added subsequently.
The following is a summary of some aspects of the present invention. According to some embodiments of the invention, the detector or watermark detector can share information and detection methods necessary for all watermarks as far as possible, reducing complexity, storage, time and/or energy requirements. Some embodiments do not require redundant information to be superimposed on the carrier signal (e.g., audio signal).
In some embodiments, the detector or watermark detector also has information about the embedders and can, for example, limit a search for watermarks to the essential detection steps.
In some embodiments, necessary detection information (or detection parameters) can be calculated dynamically by defining derivation steps of the embedder information, so that in some embodiments new embedders do not require subsequent modification of the detector information.
The following are some examples of different aspects of the design, which can be combined within a detector, an extractor or an overall system comprising a detector and an extractor.1. according to one aspect, before each embedding operation (or at least before some of the embedding operations) a carrier signal (e.g. an audio or image signal, or a video signal or a computer program signal, or more generally an information display) is examined for any existing watermarks.For example, a synchronization sequence (generally: a synchronization information) is not re-embedded, but an existing synchronization sequence (or synchronization information) is used and only the actual data (e.g. the watermark utility data) is embedded (e.g. synchronous to the existing sequence or synchronization sequence).This means, for example, that an extractor has to look for only one synchronization sequence (or synchronization information) that is the same (or the only one) for all the watermarks it contains.In one aspect, an embedded information is added using the same procedure for each embedder, i.e. at least two different embedders use the same method for embedding an embedder information.For example, the embedded information may be generation information. For example, the generation information may describe a number of previous watermarks. Thus, for example, a first embedded user may indicate that he added the first watermark. A second embedded user may indicate, for example, that two watermarks are now included. According to one aspect, this information (i.e., the generation information) may be detectable independently of the embedded user.3. According to one aspect, the data (i.e. the watermark utility data or watermark utility information) is now accessed by the embedded user (e.g., to the carrier signal) so that the watermark (or not only the aspect) is affected only slightly.For example, in a corresponding spread method, each emitter (from a multiple of emitters) uses its own spread sequence that is orthogonal to the spread sequences of other emitters.Alternatively (or additionally) embedding in the time multiplex, frequency multiplex, or using a combination thereof may also be done. For example, because the sequences overlap when using the CDMA process, for example, an overall embedded signal energy increases with each additional watermark. This may, for example, increase the watermark energy in such a way that a perception of the watermark becomes more likely.In other words, the generation information mentioned above is useful here, for example, not only for the detector but also for any other inserter.If a watermark is embedded multiple times, additional embeddings will start again, for example, at point 1.In some embodiments, the detector, like any other inserter, extracts the insertion information (which includes, for example, information on the insertion parameters used by the inserter or on the detection parameters to be used by the detector).One aspect is that a detector can read the generation information of all the inserters in the same way using the same process or the same spread sequence.For example, information that can be used for all watermarks (also called multi-use information) can also be obtained from the carrier signal; for example, a synchronization signal that is valid for all watermarks (or at least for a multiple of watermarks) can be obtained from the carrier signal; and (e.g. by the detector) the embedded information can be used to specifically search for watermarks.5. Since a conventional detector has no information on how many watermarks are contained in the carrier signal, the detector would have to search for all possible embedded information.To address this problem, one can, for example, limit this number (i.e. the number of possible watermarks) in advance, but according to one aspect of the invention, one can, for example, leave behind the synchronization sequence, a certain time slot (or other resource) free, in which, for example, each embedter may insert a generation information.For example, each embedder of generation information can use the same synchronization band. Furthermore, for example, each embedder of generation information can use the same spread sequence or the same embedding method. Thus, for example, an extractor using the same process (or a single embedder) can use the same synchronization band.The methodology used for the analysis of the generation information is based on the following principles:For example, based on the knowledge of the generation information (i.e. the number of watermarks), an extractor knows exactly how many watermarks to search for, thus eliminating the (traditionally frequent) pointless search for non-existent watermarks.
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This requirement can be bypassed, for example, by calculating the information (in this example the spread sequences) from a fixed data set (e.g. from a starting value) using a suitable derivative function.
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However, if a normal (e.g. reverseable with low computational effort) derivative function is used instead of a disposable derivative function, for example, direct allocation of access rights is not possible.
The following describes some improvements and advantages over the state of the art which may be achieved by some embodiments of the present invention.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to embed multiple watermarks in a carrier signal or to read multiple watermarks from a carrier signal, for example, to reduce or minimize detection complexity compared to independent detection. According to some embodiments of the invention, a storage and/or power requirement for watermark detection is reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, it is possible to embed several watermarks in a carrier signal and read them out so that only the watermarks actually contained or accessible are read out.
In some embodiments, a detector does not need to know all the embedded information necessary for detection; rather, some embodiments allow subsequent embedded information to be detected without the detector having to be updated.
In addition, in some embodiments, a detector (or even any detector) may be implicitly granted access rights to these watermarks.
The following is an example of an embodiment of the invention. First, the embedment is described. According to one example, the embedder searches for existing watermarks in the carrier signal, for example, by searching for a synchronization sequence. Since the embedder (for example, when a watermark is first embed in a carrier signal) is the first embedder, for example, no such sequence is found. The embedder, or the first embedder, therefore adds the synchronization sequence.
The following describes a possible procedure for performing further embedding. The embedded user can also search for the known synchronization sequence again. The known synchronization sequence can also be used as an indication of the existence of watermarks. If the embedded user finds (for example, in a further embedding) the known synchronization sequence, he can, for example, after the first embedded user signals, add information indicating that he is the second embedded user. The corresponding data can again be added in parallel to the synchronization sequence.
The following is an example of a detection procedure. For example, a detector can search for the watermark information and find (for example, after the embeddings described above) the synchronization signal and the signals from the first and second embedders. The detector thus derives, for example, the necessary extraction parameters needed to detect the watermarks. Furthermore, the detector extracts, for example, exactly these two watermark data.
In summary, the present invention creates, in some respects, a device and a method for multiple watermark embedding and watermark extraction.Some embodiments of the invention solve the problem of enabling multiple watermark embedding in carrier data or carrier signal, so that detection is possible with limited or lower complexity than with conventional devices.
The concept is advantageous because it is desirable or even necessary to embed not only a single watermark but several independent watermarks in a wide variety of applications.
Traditionally, the detection complexity and storage requirements increase with the number of possible watermarks, and a detector usually does not have information on how many and which watermarks are actually present in carrier signals, so it must, for example, try to detect all possible watermarks.
In accordance with one aspect of the embodiments described in this specification, the carrier signal is examined for any watermarks before each embedment operation, for example, if an existing watermark is detected, the new watermarks are inserted depending on the original watermark in a way that allows the detector to use common procedures for all watermarks equally.
In accordance with another aspect of some of the embodiments described herein, an embedment of additional information that provides both information about the individual embedters to the extractor and information about each subsequent (or previous) embedment process to another embedder may be used, for example, a method of extraction of this information may be independent of the embedder.
In addition, some of the examples described here suggest that the information dependent on a bed is not chosen arbitrarily but is derived from one another in a defined way.
The following describes some processes according to various embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 11 shows a flowchart of a process for embedding an embedded watermark in an information display. The process in Fig. 11 is referred to as 1100 in its entirety. Process 1100 includes in a first step 1110 a detection of watermark information already contained in the information display. Process 1100 also includes in a second step 1120 a provision of the information display with the watermark depending on the watermark information detected in the information display to obtain an information display with the embedded watermark.
Fig. 12 shows a flowchart of a process for detecting at least two watermarks in a watermarked information display. The process in Fig. 12 is referred to as 1200 in its entirety. Process 1200 involves, in a first step, identifying a multi-use watermark information in the watermarked information display. Process 1210 further involves, in a second step, extracting a first watermark from the information display using the multi-use watermark information. Process 1200 further involves, in a third step, extracting a second watermark from the information display using the multi-use watermark information.
The second step 1220 and the third step 1230 may be executed, for example, in succession, or the second step 1220 and the third step 1230 may be executed in parallel, simultaneously or at least overlapping in time.
Figure 13 shows a graphical representation of a process for embedding a watermark to be embedded in an input information display. The process as described in Figure 13 is referred to in its entirety as 1300. Method 1300 includes a failure of the input information display with a watermark and additional information to obtain an information display with the watermark and additional information to be added. The additional information to be included includes descriptive information for embedding at least one watermark in the input information display.
Figure 14 shows a flowchart of a process for detecting at least one watermark in an input information display. The process as shown in Figure 14 is referred to as 1400 in its entirety. Method 1400 involves, in a first step, extracting from the information display an embedded information which includes descriptive information with a view to embedding at least one watermark in the information display. Method 1400 also involves, in a second step, extracting one or more watermarks contained in the input information display depending on the embedded information.
Figure 15 shows a flowchart of a process for embedding a watermark in an information display. The process as shown in Figure 15 is referred to as 1500 in its entirety. Method 1500 involves, in a first step 1510, a single or multiple application of a derivative function to an initial value to obtain an embedding parameter for embedding the watermark in the information display. Method 1500 also involves, in a second step 1520, a provision of the information display with the watermark using the embedding parameter.
Figure 16 shows a flowchart of a process for detecting at least one watermark in a watermarked information display. The process in Figure 16 is referred to as 1600 in its entirety. Method 1600 involves, in a first step, applying a derivation function to an initial value once or several times to obtain a detection parameter for detecting the watermark in the information display. Method 1600 also involves, in a second step, extracting the watermark from the information display using the detection parameter.
The methods 1200 to 1600 shown in Figures 12 to 16 may be supplemented by any step and/or characteristics which have been explained in the present description also with regard to the devices described.
In other words, the device and process of the invention may be implemented in hardware or software, and the implementation may be on a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or FLASH, with electronically readable control signals that can interact with a programmable computer system to perform the procedure.
In general, the present invention thus also consists of a computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable medium for performing the procedure of the invention when the computer program product runs on a computer. In other words, the invention can be realized as a computer program with program code for performing the procedure of the invention when the computer program runs on a computer.
An embodiment of the invention creates an embedder 300; 700 for embedding an embedded watermark 341; 742 in an input information display 310; 710, representing an audio signal or representing a video signal or representing a computer program or representing an image or representing text, with the following characteristics: an information inserter 330; 720 designed to embed an embedded watermark 710; 320 designed to embed an embedded watermark 341; 742 designed to embed an input information display 343; 762 designed to embed an embedded watermark and an embedded watermark 320; 720 designed to embed an additional information display 720; 720 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 320; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320; 320 designed to embed at least one additional information display 720; 320; 320 designed to embed information display at least one additional information about the same time.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 embodiment, the information additive 330; 740 shall have a watermark additive 340; 340b; 340c designed to provide the input information display or a derived information display with the embedded watermark 341; 742 and an additional information additive 342; 342b; 342c designed to provide the EIS or a derived information display with the embedded information display, whereby the watermark additive 340; 340b; 340c and the additional information additive 342; 342b; 342c are configured to work together to produce an embedded watermark in an operation with the same information display 342; 342b; 742c and 342c.
In the case of a preferred embodiment of the embedded 300; 700, the embedded is designed to provide the input information display 310; 710 with the additional information 343; 762 to be added, such that the additional information to be added indicates the presence of the watermark to be embedded 341; 742 in the information display 320; 720 with the watermark to be embedded and the additional information to be embedded.
In a preferred embodiment of the embodiment 300; 700, the embodiment shall be designed to provide the input information representation 310; 710 with the additional information 343; 762 to be added, such that the additional information to be added contains information on the number of watermarks in the information representation 320; 720 that contains the watermark to be inserted and the additional information to be inserted.
In a preferred embodiment of the inserter 300; 700, the inserter is designed to provide the input information display 310; 710 with the additional information 343; 762 to be added, such that the additional information to be added encodes at least one parameter used by the information inserter 330; 740 when the input information display is mistaken for the watermark to be embedded.
In the case of a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 inserter, the inserter shall be designed to provide the input information display with the additional information 343; 762 to be added, such that the additional information 343; 762 to be added is dependent on a watermark contained in the input information display 310; 710.
An embodiment of the invention creates an embedder 300; 700 for embedding an embedded watermark 341; 742 in an input information display 310; 710, representing an audio signal or representing a video signal or representing a computer program or representing an image or representing text, with the following characteristics: an information inserter 330; 740, designed to embed the input information display 310; 720 to provide an embedded watermark 341; 742 in an input information display 343; 762, providing an input information display with an embedded watermark and an input information display 320; 720 to provide an input information display with an input information display 320; 720 to provide an input information display with an input information display 320; 720 to provide information displaying information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 720 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information display 720 to provide information about the input information display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information about the input information display 720 to display 720; 730 to provide information about the input information about the input information display 720 to display 720 to display 720; 730 to display 720 to display 720 to display 720; 730 to display 720 to display 720 to display 720; 730 to display 720 to display 720 to display 720 to display 720 to display 720; 730 to display information about the present information about the information about the information about the information about the information about the water.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 embodiment, the watermark information detector 730 is designed to detect the presence of a watermark synchronisation sequence in the input information display 310; 710 and to provide information indicating the presence of at least one watermark in the input information display when a watermark synchronisation sequence is present in the input information display.
In a preferred embodiment of the embedded 300; 700, the watermark information detector 730 is designed to detect the presence of additional information describing an embedded watermark in the input information display 310; 710 and to provide information based on the additional information in the input information display 310; 710 when additional information is present in the input information display as the information on the presence of a watermark.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 inserter, the information add-in 330; 740 is designed to add the additional information 341; 762 in an additional information block of the input information display 310; 710 adjacent to a synchronization information block.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 inserter, the information add-in 330; 740 is designed to add the add-on 341; 762 in a time slot following a synchronization information contained in the input information display 310; 710.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 inserter, the information add-in 330; 740 is designed to add the additional information 341; 762 in a separate frequency band, overlapping in time to a synchronization information, to the input information display 310; 710.
An embodiment of the invention creates an embedder 300; 700 for embedding an embedded watermark 341; 742 in an input information display 310; 710, representing an audio signal or representing a video signal or representing a computer program or representing an image or representing text, with the following characteristics: an information inserter 330; 740, designed to embed the EIS information display 310; 710 with the embedded watermark 341; 742 and an input information display 343; 762, including an input information display depending on the embedded watermark and the number of watermarks to be added; 320, representing an image or representing text, including an information display depending on the number of watermarks to be added; 720, designed to embed information display 310; 720, including an information display depending on the number of watermarks to be added; 320, which includes an information display depending on the number of watermarks to be added; 720, which includes at least one information display depending on the number of watermarks to be added; 720, which includes information about the watermark and the number of watermarks to be added; 320, which includes information about the watermark; 720, which includes at least one information about the description of the watermark; 720, which includes a description of the watermark; and the description of the watermark.
In a preferred embodiment of the embodiment 300; 700, the embodiment shall have an embed parameter determiner 750 designed to apply a derivation function depending on the information on the number of watermarks already contained in the input information display 310; 710 to an initial value once or more to obtain an embed parameter for the embed watermark in the input information display, and the information additive 330; 740 is designed to provide the input information display 310; 710 with the embed watermark using the embed parameter.
In a preferred embodiment of the embedder 300; 700, the embed parameter determiner 750 is designed to use a function value obtained by applying the derivative function to the initial value once or multiple times as the starting value for an embed code calculation according to a given embed code calculation rule.
In a preferred embodiment of the 300; 700 embedding, the derivative function is a cryptographic one-time function.
An embodiment of the invention creates a detector 400; 800 for detecting at least one watermark in an input information display 410; 810 representing an audio signal or representing a video signal or representing a computer program or representing an image or representing text, with the following characteristics: an embedded information extractor designed to contain an embedded information which includes descriptive information for embedding at least one watermark in the input information display, whereby the input information display is to be extracted; and a watermark extractor 630 representing a computer program or representing an image or representing text, with the following characteristics: an embedded information extractor designed to contain an embedded information which includes descriptive information for embedding at least one watermark in the input information display, whereby the input information display is to be extracted; and an extractor 830 representing a watermark extractor 630; the number of watermark extraction information is to be inserted in order to contain one or more watermark information in the display; the number of watermark extraction information is to be inserted in the display; the extraction information is to be inserted in a watermark, such as in figure 410; the number of watermark extraction information is to be inserted in figure 810; the detector is designed to contain information about the amount of water and number of watermarks to be extracted; the amount of watermark is to be inserted in figure 810; the extraction is to be inserted in figure 420 is to be inserted; the number of watermark extraction information to be inserted is to be inserted is to be inserted is to be inserted in figure 810; the number of watermark extraction is to be insert is to be inserted is to be inserted is inserted is to be inserted; the number of the number of the number of watermark is insert is insert is insert is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted is inserted; the number of the number of the number of the number of the number of the number of the insert is insert is insert is ins
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to detect as the embedded information an additional information in the information display 410; 810 that includes information for embedding at least one watermark in the information display, and the detector is designed to select at least one extraction parameter for an extraction of at least one watermark in the input information display 410; 810 depending on the information for embedding at least one watermark.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to detect as the embedded information an additional information in the input information display 410; 810 that describes the mapping of a time slot of the input information display to a water slot to be extracted by the watermark extractor 430; 840 from the Es information display 410; 810 and the detector is designed to select a time slot for the extraction of the water to be extracted depending on the additional information.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to detect as the embedded information an additional information in the input information display 410; 810 that describes an assignment of a frequency band of the input information display to a watermark to be extracted by the watermark extractor 430; 840 from the input information display 410; 810 and the detector is designed to select a frequency for the extraction of the water band to be extracted depending on the additional information.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to detect as the embedded information an extraction code in the input information display 410; 810 that describes an assignment of an extraction code to a watermark to be extracted by the watermark extractor 430; 840 from the input information display 410; 810 and the detector is designed to select an extraction code for the extraction of the watermark to be extracted depending on the additional information.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to detect as the embedded information an additional information in the input information display 410; 810 that includes information about a number of watermarks embedded in the input information display, and the detector is designed to determine, depending on the additional information, how many watermarks to extract from the input information display.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to search for additional information in a predefined time slot of the input information display 410; 810 that connects to a synchronization information in the input information display.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the Embedded Information Extractor 420; 830 is designed to identify multiple Embedded Information Units in the input information display 410; 810 with the Embedded Information Units assigned to different watermark embeddings in the input information display, and the Embedded Information Extractor 420; 830 is designed to select one current Embedded Information Unit from the majority of identified Embedded Information Units and derive the additional information from the most recent Embedded Information Unit.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to identify in the input information representation 410; 810 several embedded information units describing different watermark numbers and to select one embedded information unit describing the highest watermark number as the most current embedded information unit.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the embedded information extractor 420; 830 is designed to extract as the embedded information a watermark number from the input information display 410; 810 belonging to a watermark to be extracted; where the detector has a detection parameter determiner 850 designed to apply a watermark-dependent derivation function to an initial value once or more to obtain an extraction parameter to extract the watermark to be extracted from the input information display; and where the watermark extractor 430; 840 is designed to extract the watermark extraction parameter from the output using the extraction parameter E.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the watermark number indicates how often the derivation function is to be applied to the initial value.
In a preferred embodiment of the detector 400; 800, the derivation function is a cryptographic one-time function.
An embodiment of the invention creates an information signal 770 which includes at least one watermark and descriptive information with respect to the embedding of at least one watermark in the information signal; where the information signal includes an audio signal, an image signal, a text signal or a computer program signal; and where the descriptive information contains information about how many watermarks are contained in the information signal.
In a preferred embodiment of the information signal 770, the descriptive information describes the assignment of a time slot of the information signal to at least one watermark, the assignment of a frequency band of the information signal to at least one watermark, the assignment of an extraction code to at least one watermark or a number of watermarks embedded in the information signal.