Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

EP3406613A1 - Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same - Google Patents

Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the sameDownload PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3406613A1
EP3406613A1EP18166144.8AEP18166144AEP3406613A1EP 3406613 A1EP3406613 A1EP 3406613A1EP 18166144 AEP18166144 AEP 18166144AEP 3406613 A1EP3406613 A1EP 3406613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unsaturated
group
alkyl
member saturated
infection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18166144.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erin M. Duffy
Ashoke Bhattacharjee
Hardwin O'dowd
Zoltan F. Kanyo
Jacek G. Martynow
Ik-Hyeon Paik
Marco Devivo
Matthew H. Scheideman
Brian T. Wimberly
Yusheng Wu
Sandra Sinishtaj
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bioversys AG
Original Assignee
Melinta Therapeutics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Melinta Therapeutics IncfiledCriticalMelinta Therapeutics Inc
Publication of EP3406613A1publicationCriticalpatent/EP3406613A1/en
Withdrawnlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

Links

Classifications

Definitions

Landscapes

Abstract

The present invention relates to antimicrobial compounds (IIa) and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for treating, preventing, and reducing the risk of microbial infections in humans and animals.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/252,478 filed on October 16, 2009;U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/314,287 filed on March 16, 2010; andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/358,201 filed on June 24, 2010. The contents of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates generally to the field of antimicrobial compounds and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for treating, preventing, and reducing the risk of microbial infections in humans and animals.
    • BACKGROUND
  • Since the discovery of penicillin in the 1920s and streptomycin in the 1940s, many new compounds have been discovered or specifically designed for use as antibiotic agents. It was once thought that infectious diseases could be completely controlled or eradicated with the use of such therapeutic agents. However, such views have been challenged because strains of cells or microorganisms resistant to currently effective therapeutic agents continue to evolve. Almost every antibiotic agent developed for clinical use has ultimately encountered problems with the emergence of resistant bacteria. For example, resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci have developed. Resistant bacteria can cause serious and even fatal results for infected patients.See, e.g.,Lowry, F.D. "Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Staphylococcus aureus," J. Clin. Invest., vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 1265-1273 (2003); andGold, H.S. and Moellering, R.C., Jr., "Antimicrobial-Drug Resistance," N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 335, pp. 1445-53 (1996).
  • The discovery and development of new antibacterial agents have been for decades a major focus in many pharmaceutical companies. Nonetheless, in more recent years there has been an exodus of pharmaceutical companies from this area of research and drug development. As a consequence of this exodus, there have been very few new antibiotics entering the market. This lack of new antibiotics is particularly disturbing, especially at a time when bacterial resistance to current therapies is increasing both in the hospital and community settings.
  • In the search for new antibiotic agents, researchers have tried combining or linking various portions of antibiotic molecules to create multifunctional or hybrid compounds Other researchers have tried making derivatives of known classes of antibiotics, e.g., telithromycin, which is sold under the trade name Ketek®, is a derivative of erythromycin. However, these approaches have met with limited success.
  • An approach to developing new antimicrobial compounds is to design modulators, for example, inhibitors, of bacterial ribosome function. By modulating or inhibiting bacterial ribosome function such antimicrobial compounds could interfere with essential processes such as RNA translation and protein synthesis, thereby providing an antimicrobial effect. In fact, some antibiotic compounds such as erythromycin, clindamycin, and linezolid are known to bind to the ribosome.
  • The present invention utilizes a structure based drug design approach for discovering and developing new antimicrobial agents. This approach starts with the high resolution X-ray crystal of the ribosome to design new classes of antimicrobial compounds having specific chemical structures, ribosome binding characteristics, and antimicrobial activity. This structure based drug discovery approach is described in the following publication:Franceschi, F. and Duffy, E.M., "Structure-based drug design meets the ribosome", Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 71, pp. 1016-1025 (2006).
  • Based on this structure based drug design approach, the present invention describes new chemical classes of antimicrobial compounds useful for treating bacterial infections in humans and animals. Without being limited by theories, these compounds are believed to inhibit bacterial ribosome function by binding to the ribosome. By taking advantage of these ribosome binding sites, the antimicrobial compounds of the present invention can provide better activity, especially against resistant strains of bacteria, than current antibiotic compounds.
  • The present invention utilizes a structure based drug design approach for discovering and developing new antimicrobial agents. This approach starts with the high resolution X-ray crystal of the ribosome to design new classes of antimicrobial compounds having specific chemical structures, ribosome binding characteristics, and desired antimicrobial activity. This structure based drug discovery approach is described in the following publication:Franceschi, F. and Duffy, E.M., "Structure-based drug design meets the ribosome", Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 71, pp. 1016-1025 (2006).
  • The present invention therefore fills an important ongoing need for providing new antimicrobial agents, particularly for antimicrobial agents, having activity against resistant pathogenic bacterial organisms.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates generally to the field of antimicrobial compounds and to methods of making and using them. These compounds arc useful for treating, preventing, and reducing the risk of microbial infections in humans and animals. The present invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters,N-oxides, and prodrugs of these compounds.
  • The present invention provides compounds having the structure:
    Figure imgb0001
    wherein
    Figure imgb0002
    is a chemical moiety selected from:
    Figure imgb0003
    Figure imgb0004
    • wherein
      Figure imgb0005
      represents a fused 5 to 7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system,
    • wherein T1 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T1 is N, -D-E-F is absent,
    • wherein T2 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T2 is N, -G-H-J is absent,
    • wherein both T1 and T2 are not both simultaneously N,
    • wherein V is independently selected from -CR4a- or -N-,
    • W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom;
    • X- - -Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - -Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
    • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, S(O)n, or NH,
    • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4a is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • n is 0, 1, or 2,
    • alternatively -G-H-J is selected from
      Figure imgb0006
    • wherein each H and J are independently selected,
    • C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are chemical moieties, wherein
    • A, D and G are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      • (a) a single bond, (b) -(C1-8 alkyl)- , (c) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (d) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
        1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, - (C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
        2. ii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
        3. iii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
      • (e) -O-, (f) -NR6-, (g) -S(O)p-, (h) -C(O)-, (i) -C(O)O-, (j) -OC(O)-, k) - OC(O)O-, (l) -C(O)NR6-, (m) -NR6CO-, (n) -NR6C(O)NR6-, (o) -C(=NR6)-, (p)-C(=NR6)O-, (q) -OC(=NR6)-, (r) -C(=NR6)NR6-, (s) -NR6C(=NR6)-, (t) -C(=S)-, (u) -C(=S)NR6-, (v) -NR6C(=S)-, (w) -C(O)S-, (x) -SC(O)-, (y) -OC(=S)-, (z) - C(=S)O-, (aa) -NR6(CNR6)NR6-, (bb) -CR6R6C(O)-, (cc) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)t-, (dd) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (ee) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and (ff) -(CR6R6)t-,
    • wherein (dd) or (ee) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    • B, E, and H are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      1. (a) a single bond,
      2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
      3. (c) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
    • wherein (b) or (c) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    • (d) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (e) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (f) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
      1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, - (C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
      2. ii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
      3. iii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
      and (g) -(CR6R6)t-,
    • C, F, and J are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      (a) hydrogen, (c) F, (d) Cl, (e) Br, (f) I, (g) -CF3, (h) -CN, (i) -N3 (j)-NO2, (k) - NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (l) -OR8, (m) -S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (n) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR8,(o)-OC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (p) -SC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (q) -C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (r) - NR6C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (s) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (t) -C(=NR6)(CR6R6)tR8, (u)-C(=NNR6R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (v) -C(=NNR6C(O)R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (w) - C(=NOR8)(CR6R6)tR8, (x) -NR6C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (y) -OC(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (z) - NR6C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (aa) -NR6S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (bb) -S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (cc) -NR6S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (dd) -NR6R8, (cc) -NR6(CR6R6)R8, (ff) -OH, (gg) - NR8R8, (hh) -OCH3, (ii) -S(O)pR8, (jj) -NC(O)R8, (kk) -NR6C(NR6)NR6R8, (ll) a C1-8 alkyl group, (mm) a C2-8 alkenyl group, (nn) a C2-8alkynyl group, (oo) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (pp) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (qq) - (CR6R6)tNR6CR6R6)tR8, (rr) -N[(CR6R6)tR8][C=O(CR6R6)tR8], (ss) - (CR6R6)tN[(CR6R6)tR8][(CR6R6)tR8], (tt) -(CR6R6)tNR6(C=O)(CR6R6)tR8, (uu) - haloalkyl, (vv) -C(O)(CR6)[(CR6R6)tR8]R8, (ww) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (xx) - (CR6R6)tC(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (yy) -NR6C(O)CR8R8R8, (zz) -N[(CR6R6)tR8]C(O)R8, and (aaa) -S(O)pNR8R8;
    • wherein (11) through (pp) is optionally substituted with one or more R7 groups;
    • R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR8, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle; wherein (m) through (r) and (t) through (u) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    • R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
    • wherein (b) through (e) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    • R7 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -NR6R8, (t) -OR8, (u) -(CR6R6)tNR6R8, (v) -CR6R8R8, (w) -SR6, (x) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (y) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (z) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (aa) - S(O)pR8, (bb) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (cc) -NR6C(O)R6, and (dd) -C(=NR6)NR6R6;
    • wherein (m) through (q) and (x) through (y) are optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    • R8 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R9, (k) -OR9, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (s) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (t) -haloalkyl, (u) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (v) -SR6, (w) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (x) -NR6C(O)NR6R9, (y)-NR6C(O)R9, (z) - NR6(CNR9)(NR6R6), (aa) -ONR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (bb) -C(=NR9)NR6R6, (cc) -S(O)pR9, (dd) - (CR6R6)tC(O)NR6R9, (ee) -(CR6R6)tOR9, and (ff) -(CR6R6)tNR6R9;
    • wherein (m) through (s) is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    • R9 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R10, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R10, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR10, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) ONR6R6, (ee)-NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R10;
    • wherein (n) through (r) and (z) through (aa) is optionally substituted with one or more R10;
    • R10 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR6, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) (C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) - NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R6;
      optionally, wherein either the group -D-E-F or the group -G-H-J is absent, but both -D-E-F and -G-H-J are not simultaneously absent;
    • p is 0, 1, or 2, and
    • t is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In addition, the invention provides methods of synthesizing the foregoing compounds. Following synthesis, a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a human or animal for use as antimicrobial agents, particularly as antibacterial agents. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of microbial infections or for the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of microbial infections. Accordingly, the compounds or the formulations can be administered, for example, via oral, parenteral, intravenous, otic, ophthalmic, nasal, or topical routes, to provide an effective amount of the compound to the human or animal.
  • The foregoing and other aspects and embodiments of the invention can be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description and claims.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention provides a family of compounds that can be used as antimicrobial agents, more particularly as antibacterial agents.
  • The present invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, tautomers, N-oxides, and prodrugs thereof.
  • The compounds described herein can have asymmetric centers. Compounds of the present invention containing an asymmetrically substituted atom can be isolated in optically active or racemic forms. It is well known in the art how to prepare optically active forms, such as by resolution of racemic forms or by synthesis from optically active starting materials. Many geometric isomers of olefins, C=N double bonds, and the like can also be present in the compounds described herein, and all such stable isomers are contemplated in the present invention. Cis and trans geometric isomers of the compounds of the present invention are described and can be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separate isomeric forms. All chiral, diastereomeric, racemic, and geometric isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless specific stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated. All processes used to prepare compounds of the present invention and intermediates made therein are considered to be part of the present invention. All tautomers of shown or described compounds are also considered to be part of the present invention. Furthermore, the invention also includes metabolites of the compounds described herein.
  • The present invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium. Isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
  • When any variable (e.g., R6) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with one or more R6 moieties, then R6 at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of R6. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds within a designated atom's normal valency.
  • A chemical structure showing a dotted line representation for a chemical bond indicates that the bond is optionally present. For example, a dotted line drawn next to a solid single bond indicates that the bond can be either a single bond or a double bond.
  • When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent can be bonded to any atom on the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent can be bonded via any atom in such substituent. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
  • In cases wherein there are nitrogen atoms in the compounds of the present invention, these, where appropriate, can be converted toN-oxides by treatment with an oxidizing agent (e.g., MCPBA and/or hydrogen peroxides). Thus, shown and claimed nitrogen atoms are considered to cover both the shown nitrogen and itsN-oxide (N→O) derivative, as appropriate.
  • One approach to developing improved anti-proliferative and anti-infective agents is to provide modulators (for example, inhibitors) of ribosome function.
  • Ribosomes arc ribonucleoprotcins, which are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. During gene expression, ribosomes translate the genetic information encoded in a messenger RNA into protein (Garrett et al. (2000) "The Ribosome: Structure, Function, Antibiotics and Cellular Interactions," American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.).
  • Ribosomes comprise two nonequivalent ribonucleoprotein subunits. The larger subunit (also known as the "large ribosomal subunit") is about twice the size of the smaller subunit (also known as the "small ribosomal subunit"). The small ribosomal subunit binds messenger RNA (mRNA) and mediates the interactions between mRNA and transfer RNA (tRNA) anticodons on which the fidelity of translation depends. The large ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation, i.e. the peptidyl-transferase reaction of protein synthesis, and includes, at least, three different tRNA binding sites known as the aminoacyl, peptidyl, and exit sites. The aminoacyl site or A-site accommodates the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA that is to contribute its amino acid to the growing peptide chain. Also, the A space of the A-site is important. The peptidyl site or P-site accommodates the peptidyl-tRNA complex, i.e., the tRNA with its amino acid that is part of the growing peptide chain. The exit or E-site accommodates the deacylated tRNA after it has donated its amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
    • 1. Definitions
  • "Isomerism" means compounds that have identical molecular formulae but that differ in the nature or the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed "stereoisomers". Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed "diastereoisomers", and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images are termed "enantiomers", or sometimes optical isomers. A carbon atom bonded to four nonidentical substituents is termed a "chiral center".
  • "Chiral isomer" means a compound with at least one chiral center. It has two enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality and may exist either as an individual enantiomer or as a mixture of enantiomers. A mixture containing equal amounts of individual enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality is termed a "racemic mixture". A compound that has more than one chiral center has 2n-1 enantiomeric pairs, where n is the number of chiral centers. Compounds with more than one chiral center may exist as either an individual diastereomer or as a mixture of diastereomers, termed a "diastereomeric mixture". When one chiral center is present, a stereoisomer may be characterized by the absolute configuration (R or S) of that chiral center. Absolute configuration refers to the arrangement in space of the substituents attached to the chiral center. The substituents attached to the chiral center under consideration are ranked in accordance with theSequence Rule of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog. (Cahn et al, Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. 1966, 5, 385; errata 511;Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. 1966, 78, 413;Cahn and Ingold, J. Chem. Soc. 1951 (London), 612; Cahn et al., Experientia 1956, 12, 81;Cahn, J., Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 116).
  • "Geometric Isomers" means the diastereomers that owe their existence to hindered rotation about double bonds. These configurations are differentiated in their names by the prefixes cis and trans, or Z and E, which indicate that the groups are on the same or opposite side of the double bond in the molecule according to the Cahn-lngold-Prclog rules.
  • Further, the structures and other compounds discussed in this application include all atropic isomers thereof. "Atropic isomers" are a type of stereoisomer in which the atoms of two isomers are arranged differently in space. Atropic isomers owe their existence to a restricted rotation caused by hindrance of rotation of large groups about a central bond. Such atropic isomers typically exist as a mixture, however as a result of recent advances in chromatography techniques, it has been possible to separate mixtures of two atropic isomers in select cases.
  • "Tautomers" refers to compounds whose structures differ markedly in arrangement of atoms, but which exist in easy and rapid equilibrium. It is to be understood that compounds of present invention may be depicted as different tautomers. It should also be understood that when compounds have tautomeric forms, all tautomeric forms are intended to be within the scope of the invention, and the naming of the compounds does not exclude any tautomer form.
  • Some compounds of the present invention can exist in a tautomeric form which are also intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
  • The compounds, salts and prodrugs of the present invention can exist in several tautomeric forms, including the enol and imine form, and the keto and enamine form and geometric isomers and mixtures thereof. All such tautomeric forms arc included within the scope of the present invention. Tautomers exist as mixtures of a tautomeric set in solution. In solid form, usually one tautomer predominates. Even though one tautomer may be described, the present invention includes all tautomers of the present compounds
  • A tautomer is one of two or more structural isomers that exist in equilibrium and are readily converted from one isomeric form to another. This reaction results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by a switch of adjacent conjugated double bonds. In solutions where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers can be reached. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. The concept of tautomers that are interconvertable by tautomerizations is called tautomerism.
  • Of the various types of tautomerism that are possible, two are commonly observed. In keto-enol tautomerism a simultaneous shift of electrons and a hydrogen atom occurs. Ring-chain tautomerism, is exhibited by glucose. It arises as a result of the aldehyde group (-CHO) in a sugar chain molecule reacting with one of the hydroxy groups (-OH) in the same molecule to give it a cyclic (ring-shaped) form.
  • Tautomerizations are catalyzed by: Base: 1. deprotonation; 2. formation of a delocalized anion (e.g. an enolate); 3. protonation at a different position of the anion; Acid: 1. protonation; 2. formation of a delocalized cation; 3. deprotonation at a different position adjacent to the cation.
  • Common tautomeric pairs are: ketone - enol, amide - nitrile, lactam - lactim, amide - imidic acid tautomerism in heterocyclic rings (e.g. in the nucleobases guanine, thymine, and cytosine), amine - enamine and enamine - enamine. An example below is included for illustrative purposes, and the present invention is not limited to this example:
    Figure imgb0007
  • The terms "crystal polymorphs" or "polymorphs" or "crystal forms" means crystal structures in which a compound (or salt or solvate thereof) can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of the compounds can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
  • The term "substituted," as used herein, means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom, usually a carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen atom, is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. When a substituent is keto (i.e., =O), then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. Ring double bonds, as used herein, are double bonds that are formed between two adjacent ring atoms (e.g., C=C, C=N, N=N, etc.).
  • As used herein, the term "anomeric carbon" means the acetal carbon of a glycoside.
  • As used herein, the term "glycoside" is a cyclic acetal.
  • As used herein, "alkyl" is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example C1-6 alkyl is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 alkyl groups. Some examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl.
  • As used herein, "alkenyl" is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either straight or branched configuration and one or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds that can occur in any stable point along the chain, such as ethenyl and propenyl. For example C2-6 alkenyl is intended to include C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 alkenyl groups.
  • As used herein, "alkynyl" is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either straight or branched configuration and one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds that can occur in any stable point along the chain, such as ethynyl and propynyl. For example, C2-6 alkynyl is intended to include C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 alkynyl groups.
  • Furthermore, "alkyl", "alkenyl", and "alkynyl" are intended to include moieties which are diradicals, i.e., having two points of attachment, an example of which in the present invention is when D is selected from these chemical groups. A nonlimiting example of such an alkyl moiety that is a diradical is -CH2CH2-, i.e., a C2 alkyl group that is covalently bonded via each terminal carbon atom to the remainder of the molecule. The alkyl diradicals are also known as "alkylenyl" radicals. The alkenyl diradicals are also known as "alkenylenyl" radicals. The alkynyl diradicals are also known as "alkynylenyl" radicals..
  • As used herein, "cycloalkyl" is intended to include saturated ring groups, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. C3 8 cycloalkyl is intended to include C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8 cycloalkyl groups.
  • As used herein "counterion" is used to mean a positively or negatively charged species present in conjunction with an ion of opposite charge. A non limiting example of a counterion is an ion or ions present to counterbalance the charge or charges on an organic compound. Nonlimiting examples of counterions include chloride, bromide, hydroxide, acetate, sulfate, and ammonium.
  • As used herein, "halo" or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo substituents.
  • As used herein, "haloalkyl" is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with 1 or more halogen (for example -CvFw wherein v = 1 to 3 and w = 1 to (2v+1)). Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and pentachloroethyl.
  • As used herein, "alkoxy" refers to an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge. C1-6 alkoxy, is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 alkoxy groups. C1-6 alkoxy, is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8 alkoxy groups. Examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s-pentoxy, n-heptoxy, and n-octoxy.
  • As used herein, "alkylthio" refers to an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a sulfur bridge. C1-6 alkylthio, is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 alkylthio groups.1-6 alkylthio, is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8 alkylthio groups.
  • As used herein, "carbocycle" or "carbocyclic ring" is intended to mean, unless otherwise specified, any stable 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12-membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring, any of which can be saturated, unsaturated (including partially and fully unsaturated), or aromatic. Examples of such carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclooctadienyl, [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane, [2.2.2]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. As shown above, bridged rings are also included in the definition of carbocycle (e.g., [2.2.2]bicyclooctane). A bridged ring occurs when one or more carbon atoms link two non-adjacent carbon atoms. Preferred bridges are one or two carbon atoms. It is noted that a bridge always converts a monocyclic ring into a tricyclic ring. When a ring is bridged, the substituents recited for the ring can also be present on the bridge. Fused (e.g., naphthyl and tetrahydronaphthyl) and spiro rings are also included.
  • As used herein, the term "heterocycle" means, unless otherwise stated, a stable 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12-membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring which is saturated, unsaturated (including partially and fully unsaturated), or aromatic, and consists of carbon atoms and one or more ring heteroatoms, e.g., 1 or 1-2 or 1-3 or 1-4 or 1-5 or 1-6 heteroatoms, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and including any bicyclic or tricyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused or attached to a second ring (e.g., a benzene ring). The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms can optionally be oxidized (i.e., N→O and S(O)p, wherein p = 1 or 2). When a nitrogen atom is included in the ring it is either N or NH, depending on whether or not it is attached to a double bond in the ring (i.e., a hydrogen is present if needed to maintain the tri-valency of the nitrogen atom). The nitrogen atom can be substituted or unsubstituted (i.e., N or NR wherein R is H or another substituent, as defined). The heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure. The heterocyclic rings described herein can be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable. A nitrogen in the heterocycle can optionally be quaternized. Bridged rings are also included in the definition of heterocycle. A bridged ring occurs when one or more atoms (i.e., C, O, N, or S) link two non-adjacent carbon or nitrogen atoms. Preferred bridges include, but are not limited to, one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom, two nitrogen atoms, and a carbon-nitrogen group. When a ring is bridged, the substituents recited for the ring can also be present on the bridge. Spiro and fused rings are also included.
  • As used herein, the term "aromatic heterocycle" or "heteroaryl" is intended to mean a stable 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring which consists of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms, e.g., 1 or 1-2 or 1-3 or 1-4 or 1-5 or 1-6 heteroatoms, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In the case of bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings, only one of the two rings needs to be aromatic (e.g., 2,3-dihydroindole), though both can be (e.g., quinoline). The second ring can also be fused or bridged as defined above for heterocycles. The nitrogen atom can be substituted or unsubstituted (i.e., N or NR wherein R is H or another substituent, as defined). The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms can optionally be oxidized (i.e., N→O and S(O)p, wherein p = 1 or 2). In certain compounds, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
  • Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to, acridinyl, azabicyclooctanonyl, azepanyl, azetidinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoxazolinyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazolinyl, benzodioxoly, benzooxadiazoly, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, cycloheptyl, decahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl,2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]tetrahydrofuran, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolidinylimine, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolonyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolenyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isatinoyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, mcthylenedioxyphenyl, methylbcnztriazolyl, methylfuranyl, methylimidazolyl, methylthiazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolidinonyl, oxazolyl, oxindolyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperazinonyl, piperidinyl, piperidenyl, piperidonyl, 4-piperidonyl, piperonyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridooxazolyl, pyridoimidazolyl, pyridothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrroldionyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, thienothiazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienoimidazolyl, thiophenyl, thiomorpholinyldioxidyl, triazinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, and xanthenyl.
  • As used herein, the phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from inorganic and organic acids selected from 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, glycollyarsanilic, hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodide, hydroxymalcic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicylic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, and toluene sulfonic.
  • The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound that contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found inRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, USA, p. 1445 (1990).
  • Since prodrugs are known to enhance numerous desirable qualities of pharmaceuticals (e.g., solubility, bioavailability, manufacturing, etc.) the compounds of the present invention can be delivered in prodrug form. Thus, the present invention is intended to cover prodrugs of the presently claimed compounds, methods of delivering the same and compositions containing the same. "Prodrugs" are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers that release an active parent drug of the present inventionin vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject. Prodrugs the present invention are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation orin vivo, to the parent compound. Prodrugs include compounds of the present invention wherein a hydroxy, amino, or sulfhydryl group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the present invention is administered to a mammalian subject, it cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, or free sulfhydryl group, respectively. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate, and benzoate derivatives of alcohol and amine functional groups in the compounds of the present invention.
  • As used herein, "stable compound" and "stable structure" are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
  • As used herein, the term "patient", as used herein, means the human or animal (in the case of an animal, more typically a mammal) subject that would be subjected to a surgical or invasive medical procedure. Such patient or subject could be considered to be in need of the methods of reducing the risk of or preventing the infection due to a surgical procedure or an invasive medical procedure. Such patient or subject can also be considered to be in need of peri-operative prophylaxis.
  • As used herein, the term "treating" means to provide a therapeutic intervention to cure or ameliorate an infection.
  • As used herein, the term "preventing", as used herein means, to completely or almost completely stop an infection from occurring, for example when the patient or subject is predisposed to an infection or at risk of contracting an infection. Preventing can also include inhibiting, i.e. arresting the development, of an infection.
  • As used herein, the term "reducing the risk of", as used herein, means to lower the likelihood or probability of an infection occurring, for example when the patient or subject is predisposed to an infection or at risk of contracting an infection.
  • As used herein, "unsaturated" refers to compounds having at least one degree of unsaturation (e.g., at least one multiple bond) and includes partially and fully unsaturated compounds.
  • As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to an amount of a compound, or a combination of compounds, of the present invention effective when administered alone or in combination as an antimicrobial agent. For example, an effective amount refers to an amount of the compound present in a composition, a formulation or on a medical device given to a recipient patient or subject sufficient to elicit biological activity, for example, anti-infective activity, such as e.g., anti-microbial activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-fungal activity, anti-viral activity, or anti-parasitic activity.
  • The term "prophylactically effective amount" means an effective amount of a compound or compounds, of the present invention that is administered to prevent or reduce the risk of an infection due to a surgical procedure or an invasive medical procedure.
  • It is to be further understood that the representations for "Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Donor" and "Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor" are meant to indicate the relative orientation of the hydrogen bond acceptors and donor and not meant to limit that such groups are directly connected together as it is contemplated that additional atoms or groups of atoms can be included between such groups.
  • In the specification, the singular forms also include the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In the case of conflict, the present specification will control. As used herein, "mammal" refers to human and non-human patients.
  • As used herein, the term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a compound, or a combination of compounds, of the present invention present in or on a recipient in an amount sufficient to elicit biological activity, for example, anti-microbial activity, anti-fungal activity, anti-viral activity, anti-parasitic activity, anti-diarrheal activity, and/or anti-proliferative activity. The combination of compounds is preferably a synergistic combination. Synergy, as described, for example, byChou and Talalay, Adv. Enzyme Regul. vol. 22, pp. 27-55 (1984), occurs when the effect of the compounds when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the compounds when administered alone as a single agent. In general, a synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at sub-optimal concentrations of the compounds. Synergy can be in terms of lower cytotoxicity, increased anti-proliferative and/or anti-infective effect, or some other beneficial effect of the combination compared with the individual components.
  • As used herein, the term "RNA microhelix binding site" refers to the ribofunctional locus of the large ribosomal subunit occupied by the RNA microhelix of Formula III. The RNA microhelix binding site defines at least a portion of or overlaps with the E-site.
  • As used herein, the term "A-site" refers to the ribofunctional locus occupied by an aminoacyl-tRNA molecule immediately prior to its participation in the peptide-bond forming reaction.
  • As used herein, the term "E-site" refers to the ribofunctional locus occupied by a deacylated tRNA molecule following its participation in the peptide-bond forming reaction.
  • As used herein, the term "P-site" refers to the ribofunctional locus occupied by a peptidyl-tRNA at the time it participates in the peptide-bond forming reaction.
  • As used herein, the term "A-space" refers to the portion of the A-site within the peptidyl transferase center in which the amino acid portion of the aminoacylated t-RNA binds, or alternatively the portion of the A-site in which the oxazolidinone ring of linezolid binds.
  • As used herein and in reference to a ribosome or ribosomal subunit, the terms "a portion of" or "a portion of the three-dimensional structure of' are understood to mean a portion of the three-dimensional structure of a ribosome or ribosomal subunit, including charge distribution and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity characteristics, formed by at least three, more preferably at least three to ten, and most preferably at least ten amino acid residues and/or nucleotide residues of the ribosome or ribosomal subunit. The residues forming such a portion can be, for example, (i) contiguous residues based upon, for example, a primary sequence of a ribosomal RNA or ribosomal protein, (ii) residues which form a contiguous portion of the three-dimensional structure of the ribosome or ribosomal subunit, or (c) a combination thereof. As used herein and in reference to the RNA microhelix, the terms "a portion of' or "a portion of the three-dimensional structure of" are understood to mean a portion of the three-dimensional structure of RNA microhelix, including charge distribution and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity characteristics, formed by at least three, more preferably at least three to ten atoms of one or more core residues of Formula III. The atoms forming such a portion can be, for example, (i) solvent inaccessible atoms buried within the core of the RNA microhelix, (ii) solvent accessible atoms of the RNA microhelix, or (iii) a combination thereof.
  • All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight.
  • Throughout the description, where compositions are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where processes are described as having, including, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that compositions of the present invention also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that the processes of the present invention also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps. Further, it should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain actions are immaterial so long as the invention remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions can be conducted simultaneously.
    • 2. Compounds of the Invention
  • The present invention provides compounds having the structure:
    Figure imgb0008
    • wherein
      Figure imgb0009
      is a chemical moiety selected from:
      Figure imgb0010
      Figure imgb0011
    • wherein
      Figure imgb0012
      represents a fused 5 to 7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system,
    • wherein T1 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T1 is N, -D-E-F is absent,
    • wherein T2 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T2 is N, -G-H-J is absent,
    • wherein both T1 and T2 are not both simultaneously N,
    • wherein V is independently selected from -CR4a- or -N-,
    • W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom;
    • X- - -Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - -Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
    • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, S(O)n, or NH,
    • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4a is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • n is 0, 1, or 2,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0013
    further comprises a hydrogen bond donor moiety or an additional hydrogen bond acceptor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0014
    is a chemical moiety comprising at least two hydrogen bond acceptor moieties and at least one hydrogen bond donor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties and hydrogen bond donor moieties arc in the orientation of
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Donor. As used above the term "in the orientation of" does not mean that the hydrogen bond donor or acceptor moieties are necessarily directly connected together as there can be other intervening atoms or groups of atoms in between the hydrogen bond donor or acceptor moieties.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties are within 5 Å of each other and the hydrogen bond donor moiety is within 5 Å of a hydrogen bond acceptor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties arc within 3 Å of each other and the hydrogen bond donor moiety is within 3 Å of a hydrogen bond acceptor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties are comprised within a ring structure, wherein said ring structure is a single ring structure or a fused multiple ring structure.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0015
    is a chemical moiety comprising at least three hydrogen bond acceptor moieties.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties are in the orientation of
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor - Hydrogen Bond Acceptor. As used above the term "in the orientation of" does not mean that the hydrogen bond donor or acceptor moieties are necessarily directly connected together as there can be other intervening atoms or groups of atoms in between the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein each hydrogen bond acceptor moiety is within about 5 Å of at least one other hydrogen bond acceptor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein each hydrogen bond acceptor moiety is within about 3 Å of at least one other hydrogen bond acceptor moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein at least two of the hydrogen bond acceptor moieties are comprised within a ring structure, wherein said ring structure is a single ring structure or a fused multiple ring structure.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein said hydrogen bond acceptor moieties arc independently selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, an imine group, an alkyl substituted imine group, a sulfoxide group, a sulfone group, an oxime group, an alkyl substituted oxime group, a hydrazone group, a monoalkyl or dialkyl substituted hydrazone group, an oxygen ether (-O-) group, a sulfide, also known as a thioether group (-S-), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, a monoalkyl or dialkyl substituted amino group, and a nitro group.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein said hydrogen bond donor moiety is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, and a monosubstituted amino group.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0016

    comprises the structural moiety
    Figure imgb0017
    • wherein W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom;
    • X- - -Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - -Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
    • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, or S(O)n,
    • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • and n is 0, 1, or 2.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S; wherein R4 is selected from hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0018

    comprises the structural moiety
    Figure imgb0019
    • wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, or S(O)n;
    • R4 is selected from hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl,
      and
    • n is 0, 1, and 2.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0020

    comprises the structural moiety
    Figure imgb0021
    wherein R4 is selected from H and C1-6 alkyl.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0022

    comprises a pyrrolocytosine moiety or a derivative thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0023

    comprises the structural moiety
    Figure imgb0024
    Figure imgb0025
    Figure imgb0026
    Figure imgb0027
    • wherein
      Figure imgb0028
      represents a fused 5 to 7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system,
    • wherein V is independently selected from -CR4a- or -N-,
    • W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom;
    • X- - - Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - - Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
    • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, S(O)n, or NH,
    • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4a is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • n is 0, 1, or 2.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0029
    Figure imgb0030
    • wherein
      Figure imgb0031
      represents a fused 5 to 7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system,
    • wherein T1 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T1 is N, -D-E-F is absent,
    • wherein T2 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T2 is N, -G-H-J is absent,
    • wherein both T1 and T2 are not both simultaneously N,
    • wherein V is independently selected from -CR4a- or -N-,
    • W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom;
    • X- - -Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - -Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
    • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, S(O)n, or NH,
    • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • R4a is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
    • n is 0, 1, or 2,
    • alternatively -G-H-J is selected from
      Figure imgb0032
    • wherein each H and J are independently selected,
    • C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are chemical moieties, wherein
    • A, D and G are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      • (a) a single bond, (b) —(C1-8 alkyl)- , (c) -(C1-8 alkenyl)-, (d) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
        1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, S(O)p, -NR6-, - (C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
        2. ii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
        3. iii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
      • (e) -O-, (f) -NR6-, (g) -S(O)p-, (h) -C(O)-, (i) -C(O)O-, (j) -OC(O)-, k) - OC(O)O-, (l) -C(O)NR6-, (m) -NR6CO-, (n) -NR6C(O)NR6-, (o) -C(=NR6)-, (p)-C(=NR6)O-, (q) -OC(=NR6)-, (r) -C(=NR6)NR6-, (s) -NR6C(=NR6)-, (t) -C(=S)-, (u) -C(=S)NR6-, (v) -NR6C(=S)-, (w) -C(O)S-, (x) -SC(O)-, (y) -OC(=S)-, (z) - C(=S)O-, (aa) -NR6(CNR6)NR6-, (bb) -CR6R6C(O)-, (cc) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)t-, (dd) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (ee) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and
      • (ff) -(CR6R6)t-,
    • wherein (dd) or (ee) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    • B, E, and H are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      1. (a) a single bond,
      2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
      3. (c) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
    • wherein (b) or (c) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    • (d) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (e) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (f) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
      1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, - (C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
      2. ii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
      3. iii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1 8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
      and (g) -(CR6R6)t-,
    • C, F, and J are independently selected from the group consisting of:
      • (a) hydrogen, (c) F, (d) Cl, (e) Br, (f) I, (g) -CF3, (h) -CN, (i) -N3 (j) -NO2, (k) - NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (I) -OR8, (m) -S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (n) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (o)-OC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (p) -SC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (q) -C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (r) - NR6C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (s) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (t) -C(=NR6)(CR6R6)tR8, (u) - C(=NNR6R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (v) -C(=NNR6C(O)R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (w) - C(=NOR8)(CR6R6)tR8, (x) -NR6C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (y) -OC(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (z) - NR6C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (aa) -NR6S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (bb) -S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8,
      • (cc) -NR6S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (dd) -NR6R8, (ee) -NR6(CR6R6)R8, (ff) -OH, (gg) - NR8R8, (hh) -OCH3, (ii) -S(O)pR8, (jj) -NC(O)R8, (kk) -NR6C(NR6)NR6R8, (II) a C1-8 alkyl group, (mm) a C2-8 alkenyl group, (nn) a C2-8alkynyl group, (oo) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (pp) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (qq) - (CR6R6)tNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (rr) -N[(CR6R6)tR8][C=O(CR6R6)tR8], (ss) - (CR6R6)tN[(CR6R6)tR8][(CR6R6)tR8], (tt) -(CR6R6)tNR6(C=O)(CR6R6)tR8, (uu) - haloalkyl, (vv) -C(O)(CR6)[(CR6R6)tR8]R8, (ww) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (xx) - (CR6R6)tC(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (yy) -NR6C(O)CR8R8R8, (zz) -N[(CR6R6)tR8]C(O)R8, and (aaa) -S(O)pNR8R8;
    • wherein (11) through (pp) is optionally substituted with one or more R7 groups;
    • R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR8, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle
      wherein (m) through (r) and (t) through (u) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    • R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
      wherein (b) through (e) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    • R7 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -NR6R8, (t) -OR8, (u) -(CR6R6)tNR6R8, (v) -CR6R8R8, (w) -SR6, (x) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (y) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (z) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (aa) - S(O)pR8, (bb) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (cc) -NR6C(O)R6, and (dd) -C(=NR6)NR6R6;
      wherein (m) through (q) and (x) through (y) are optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    • R8 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R9, (k) -OR9, (l)-NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o)-C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1 8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (s) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (t) -haloalkyl, (u) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (v) -SR6, (w) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (x) -NR6C(O)NR6R9, (y)-NR6C(O)R9, (z) - NR6(CNR9)(NR6R6), (aa) -ONR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (bb) -C(=NR9)NR6R6, (cc) -S(O)pR9, (dd) - (CR6R6)tC(O)NR6R9, (ee) -(CR6R6)tOR9, and (ff) -((R6R6)tNR6R9;
      wherein (m) through (s) is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    • R9 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R10, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R10, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR10, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) - NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R10;
      wherein (n) through (r) and (z) through (aa) is optionally substituted with one or more R10;
    • R10 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (c) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) - NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR6, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) - NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R6;
      optionally, wherein either the group -D-E-F or the group -G-H-J is absent, but both -D-E-F and -G-H-J are not simultaneously absent;
    • p is 0, 1, or 2, and
    • t is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, where A is:
    1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
    3. (c) a single bond,
    where (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, where B is (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (b) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, or (d) a single bond, where
    1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, - (C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    2. ii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and/or
    3. iii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, where C is (a) NH2, (b) NHC(=NH)NH2 or (c) hydrogen.
  • The invention relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein
    • A is
      1. (a) a 4-7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
      2. (b) a 4-7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
      3. (c) a single bond,
    • wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein A is azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, or piperidenyl;
    wherein A optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups.
  • Alternatively, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein A is a single bond.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein B is -(C1-8 alkyl)-, where
    1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)- , -S(O)pNR6-, or -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    2. ii) (a)B optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and/or
    3. iii) B optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups.
  • Alternatively, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein B is a single bond.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein C is -NHC(=NH)NH2.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein the group D-E-F represents hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein G is
    1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
    3. (c) a single bond;
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein G is s
    1. (a) a 4-7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    2. (b) a 4-7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
    3. (c) a single bond;
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein G is azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidenyl, or a single bond.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula :
    Figure imgb0033
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V, T1, and T2 are defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0034
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, and V are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0035
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0036
    wherein C-B-A-,-G-H-J, W, X, Y, and Z are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0037
    wherein C-B-A-,-G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0038
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0039
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0040
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V, T1, and T2 are defined as in formula II above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0041
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0042
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0043
    wherein C-B-A-,-G-H-J, W, X, Y, and Z are defined as in formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0044
    wherein C-B-A-,-G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0045
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0046
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, W, X, Y, Z, and V are defined as in formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0047
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0048
    wherein C-B-A-,-G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0049
    represents a fused six member saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0050
    wherein C-B-A-, D-E-F, -G-H-J , W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula III; and Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 arc independently selected from a nitrogen atom, a carbon atom, or CH, wherein -D-E-F, and -G-H-J when present, are each attached to a carbon atom;
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0051
    wherein C-B-A-, D-E-F, and -G-H-J are defined as in formula III; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0052
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0053
    wherein C-B-A-, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein
    Figure imgb0054
    represents a fused six member saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0055
    wherein C-B-A-, -D-E-F, -G-H-J, W, X, Y, Z, V and K are defined as in formula IV; and Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are independently selected from a nitrogen atom, a carbon atom, or CH, wherein -D-E-F, and -G-H-J when present, are each attached to a carbon atom;
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0056
    wherein C-B-A-, D-E-F, and -G-H-J are defined as in formula IV; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0057
    wherein A is
    1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
    3. (c) a single bond,
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    B is (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (b) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, or (d) a single bond, wherein
    1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-,-(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    2. ii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and/or
    3. iii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups, and
    C is selected from (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 and (c) hydrogen,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0058
    Figure imgb0059
    wherein C-B-A-, D-E-F, and -G-H-J are defined as in formula I, II, III, and IV; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0060
    • wherein A is azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, or piperidenyl, wherein A optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    • or, A is a single bond;
    • B is (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, wherein
      1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in (a) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
      2. ii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and/or
      3. iii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
    • or, B is a single bond;
    • C is (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 or (c) hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0061
    wherein C-B-A- is selected from:
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0062
    Figure imgb0063
    Figure imgb0064
    Figure imgb0065
    Figure imgb0066
    Figure imgb0067
    Figure imgb0068
    Figure imgb0069
    Figure imgb0070
    Figure imgb0071
    Figure imgb0072
    Figure imgb0073
    Figure imgb0074
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0075
    wherein G is s
    1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, or
    3. (c) a single bond;
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0076
    wherein G is azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidenyl, or a single bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0077
    wherein -G-H-J is selected from:
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0078
    Figure imgb0079
    Figure imgb0080
    Figure imgb0081
    Figure imgb0082
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0083
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0084
    Figure imgb0085
    Figure imgb0086
    Figure imgb0087
    Figure imgb0088
    Figure imgb0089
    Figure imgb0090
    Figure imgb0091
    Figure imgb0092
    Figure imgb0093
    Figure imgb0094
    Figure imgb0095
    Figure imgb0096
    Figure imgb0097
    Figure imgb0098
    Figure imgb0099
    Figure imgb0100
    Figure imgb0101
    Figure imgb0102
    Figure imgb0103
    Figure imgb0104
    Figure imgb0105
    Figure imgb0106
    Figure imgb0107
    Figure imgb0108
    , wherein n is 0, 1, or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0109
    wherein -G-H-J is selected from:
    Figure imgb0110
    Figure imgb0111
    Figure imgb0112
    Figure imgb0113
    Figure imgb0114
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula:
    Figure imgb0115
    wherein B is C1-8 alkyl, where 0-4 carbon atom is optionally substituted with NH, wherein each -H-J is independently selected from CF3, OCF3, and -(C1-8) alkyl-NH2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula:
    Figure imgb0116
    wherein each -H-J is independently selected from CF3, OCF3, and -(C1-8) alkyl-NH2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound containing R5, wherein R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h)-N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NH2, (k) -OR6, (1) -NHC(=NH)NH2, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl) -(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclc), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound containing R6 wherein R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula 1, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein W, when present, is O, NR1, NOR1, or S.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein X- - -Y, when present, is a double bond and X is N and Y is a carbon atom.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R5 is OR6, and R6 is CF3.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R5 is CF3.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein -G-H-J is selected from
    Figure imgb0117
    wherein each -H-J is independently selected from -O-CF3 and -(C1-8 alkyl)-NH2.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R4a, when present, is hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein Z, when present, is NR4.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, that binds to a ribosome.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or pro-drug thereof, that binds to the ribosome wherein the ribosome is a bacterial ribosome.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a compound according to any of the compounds in Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for treating or reducing the risk of a disease state in a human or animal comprising administering to a human or animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating a microbial infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a microbial infection in a human or animal.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a microbial infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection in a human or animal,
    • wherein the microbial infection is selected from the group consisting of:
    • a skin infection, a Gram positive infection, a Gram negative infection, nosocomial pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia, post-viral pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia, a respiratory tract infection such as chronic respiratory tract infection (CRTI), acute pelvic infection, a complicated skin and skin structure infection, a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) including uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTI)s and complicated skin and soft tissue infections, an abdominal infection, a complicated intra-abdominal infection, a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, an atrio-ventricular shunt infection, a vascular access infection, meningitis, surgical prophylaxis, a peritoneal infection, a bone infection, a joint infection, a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus infection, a vancomycin-resistantEnterococci infection, a linezolid-resistant organism infection, aBacillus anthracis infection, aFrancisella tularensis infection, aYersinia pestis infection, and tuberculosis.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a complicated intra-abdominal infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a complicated intra-abdominal infection in a human or animal,
    wherein the complicated intra-abdominal infection is selected from polymicrobial infections such as abscess due toEscherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, orClostridium perfringens.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a complicated skin and skin structure infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a complicated skin and skin structure infection,
    wherein the complicated skin and skin structure infection is selected from diabetic foot infections without osteomyelitis due toStaphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible and resistant isolates),Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus species, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, orPrevotella bivia.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a community acquired pneumonia in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of community acquired pneumonia,
    wherein the community acquired pneumonia is due toStreptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible and resistant isolates) including cases with concurrent bacteremia,Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase positive isolates),Moraxella catarrhalis, or atypical bacteria likeMycoplasma spp.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a complicated urinary tract infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a complicated urinary tract infection,
    wherein the complicated urinary tract infection is selected from pyelonephritis due toEscherichia coli, concurrent bacteremia, orKlebsiella pneumoniae.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of an acute pelvic infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of an cute pelvic infection,
    wherein the acute pelvic infection (including, e.g., postpartum endomyometritis, septic abortion and post surgical gynecologic infections) is due toStreptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus spp., orPrevotella bivia.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula 1, 11, III, IV, la, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia,
    wherein the hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia is due toStreptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible and resistant isolates),Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible and resistant isolates),Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase positive isolates), orLegionella pneumophilia.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an aerobic or facultative gram-positive microorganism in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an aerobic or facultative gram-positive microorganism,
    wherein the aerobic or facultative gram-positive microorganism is selected from:Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible and resistant isolates),Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible and resistant isolates),Enterococcus spp. (vancomycin susceptible and resistant isolates),Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, orStaphylococcus epidermidis (methicillin susceptible and resistant isolates).
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an aerobic and facultative gram-negative microorganism in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an aerobic or facultative gram-positive microorganism,
    wherein the aerobic and facultative gram-negative microorganism is selected from:Escherichia coli (including ESBL and KPC producing isolates),Haemophilus influenzae (including Beta-lactamase positive isolates),Klebsiella pneumoniae (including ESBL and KPC producing isolates),Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanni, Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter koseri, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella oxytoca (including ESBL and KPC producing isolates), Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, andProvidencia stuartii.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an anaerobic microorganism in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a microbial infection due to an anaerobic microorganism
    wherein the anaerobic microorganism is:Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Clostridium clostridioforme, Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus species, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella bivia, Bacteroides vulgates, Clostridium perfringens, orFusobacterium spp.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of treating or reducing the risk of a microbial infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to formula I, II, III, IV, Ia, IIa, IIIa, or IVa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, or to the use of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing or reducing the risk of a microbial infection,
    wherein the microorganism isLegionella pneumophilia.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method or use wherein the compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, is administered otically, ophthalmically, nasally, orally, parentally, or topically.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of synthesizing a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a medical device containing a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a medical device containing a compound of the invention, wherein the device is a stent.
    • 3. Synthesis of the Compounds of the Invention
  • The invention provides methods for making the compounds of the invention. The followingSchemes 1a-5a depict exemplary routes in general terms for synthesizing the compounds of the present invention. More specific chemical details are provided in the Examples.
    Figure imgb0118
    Figure imgb0119
    Figure imgb0120
    Figure imgb0121
    Figure imgb0122
    Figure imgb0123
    • 4. Characterization of Compounds of the Invention
  • Compounds designed, selected and/or optimized by methods described above, once produced, can be characterized using a variety of assays known to those skilled in the art to determine whether the compounds have biological activity. For example, the molecules can be characterized by conventional assays, including but not limited to those assays described below, to determine whether they have a predicted activity, binding activity and/or binding specificity.
  • Furthermore, high-throughput screening can be used to speed up analysis using such assays. As a result, it can be possible to rapidly screen the molecules described herein for activity, for example, as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic or anti-viral agents. Also, it can be possible to assay how the compounds interact with a ribosome or ribosomal subunit and/or are effective as modulators (for example, inhibitors) of protein synthesis using techniques known in the art. General methodologies for performing high-throughput screening are described, for example, inDevlin (1998) High Throughput Screening, Marcel Dekker; andU.S. Patent No. 5,763,263. High-throughput assays can use one or more different assay techniques including, but not limited to, those described below.
    1. (1)Surface Binding Studies. A variety of binding assays can be useful in screening new molecules for their binding activity. One approach includes surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that can be used to evaluate the binding properties of molecules of interest with respect to a ribosome, ribosomal subunit or a fragment thereof.
      SPR methodologies measure the interaction between two or more macromolecules in real-time through the generation of a quantum-mechanical surface plasmon. One device, (BIAcore Biosensor RTM from Pharmacia Biosensor, Piscataway, N.J.) provides a focused beam of polychromatic light to the interface between a gold film (provided as a disposable biosensor "chip") and a buffer compartment that can be regulated by the user. A 100 nm thick "hydrogel" composed of carboxylated dextran that provides a matrix for the covalent immobilization of analytes of interest is attached to the gold film. When the focused light interacts with the free electron cloud of the gold film, plasmon resonance is enhanced. The resulting reflected light is spectrally depleted in wavelengths that optimally evolved the resonance. By separating the reflected polychromatic light into its component wavelengths (by means of a prism), and determining the frequencies that are depleted, the BIAcore establishes an optical interface which accurately reports the behavior of the generated surface plasmon resonance. When designed as above, the plasmon resonance (and thus the depletion spectrum) is sensitive to mass in the evanescent field (which corresponds roughly to the thickness of the hydrogel). If one component of an interacting pair is immobilized to the hydrogel, and the interacting partner is provided through the buffer compartment, the interaction between the two components can be measured in real time based on the accumulation of mass in the evanescent field and its corresponding effects of the plasmon resonance as measured by the depletion spectrum. This system permits rapid and sensitive real-time measurement of the molecular interactions without the need to label either component.
    2. (2)Fluorescence Polarization. Fluorescence polarization (FP) is a measurement technique that can readily be applied to protein-protein, protein-ligand, or RNA-ligand interactions in order to derive IC50s and Kds of the association reaction between two molecules. In this technique one of the molecules of interest is conjugated with a fluorophore. This is generally the smaller molecule in the system (in this case, the compound of interest). The sample mixture, containing both the ligand-probe conjugate and the ribosome, ribosomal subunit or fragment thereof, is excited with vertically polarized light. Light is absorbed by the probe fluorophores, and re-emitted a short time later. The degree of polarization of the emitted light is measured. Polarization of the emitted light is dependent on several factors, but most importantly on viscosity of the solution and on the apparent molecular weight of the fluorophore. With proper controls, changes in the degree of polarization of the emitted light depends only on changes in the apparent molecular weight of the fluorophore, which in-turn depends on whether the probe-ligand conjugate is free in solution, or is bound to a receptor. Binding assays based on FP have a number of important advantages, including the measurement of IC50s and Kds under true homogenous equilibrium conditions, speed of analysis and amenity to automation, and ability to screen in cloudy suspensions and colored solutions.
    3. (3)Protein Synthesis. It is contemplated that, in addition to characterization by the foregoing biochemical assays, the compound of interest can also be characterized as a modulator (for example, an inhibitor of protein synthesis) of the functional activity of the ribosome or ribosomal subunit.
      Furthermore, more specific protein synthesis inhibition assays can be performed by administering the compound to a whole organism, tissue, organ, organelle, cell, a cellular or subccllular extract, or a purified ribosome preparation and observing its pharmacological and inhibitory properties by determining, for example, its inhibition constant (IC50) for inhibiting protein synthesis. Incorporation of3H leucine or35S methionine, or similar experiments can be performed to investigate protein synthesis activity. A change in the amount or the rate of protein synthesis in the cell in the presence of a molecule of interest indicates that the molecule is a modulator of protein synthesis. A decrease in the rate or the amount of protein synthesis indicates that the molecule is a inhibitor of protein synthesis.
    4. (4)Antimicrobial assays and other evaluation. Furthermore, the compounds can be assayed for anti-proliferative or anti-infective properties on a cellular level. For example, where the target organism is a microorganism, the activity of compounds of interest can be assayed by growing the microorganisms of interest in media either containing or lacking the compound. Growth inhibition can be indicative that the molecule can be acting as a protein synthesis inhibitor. More specifically, the activity of the compounds of interest against bacterial pathogens can be demonstrated by the ability of the compound to inhibit growth of defined strains of human pathogens. For this purpose, a panel of bacterial strains can be assembled to include a variety of target pathogenic species, some containing resistance mechanisms that have been characterized. Use of such a panel of organisms permits the determination of structure-activity relationships not only in regards to potency and spectrum, but also with a view to obviating resistance mechanisms.
  • Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined by the microdilution method, typically in a final volume of 100 microliters, according to protocols outlined by The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI; formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)]. SeeCLSI: Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard-fifth edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 2000. The assays can be also be performed in microtiter trays according to conventional methodologies as published by the CLSI. SecCLSI. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard-Seventh Edition. CLSI Document M7-A7 [ISBN 1-56238-587-9] CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA, 2006).
  • The antimicrobial and other drug properties of the compounds can further be evaluated in variousin vivo mammalian assays, such as a mouse or rat peritonitis infectious models, skin and soft tissue models (often referred to as the thigh model), or a mouse pneumonia model. There are septicemia or organ infection models known to those skilled in the art. These efficacy models can be used as part of the evaluation process and can be used as a guide of potential efficacy in humans. Endpoints can vary from reduction in bacterial burden to lethality. For the latter endpoint, results are often expressed as a PD50 value, or the dose of drug that protects 50% of the animals from mortality.
  • To further assess a compound's drug-like properties, measurements of inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and phase II metabolizing enzyme activity can also be measured either using recombinant human enzyme systems or more complex systems like human liver microsomes. Further, compounds can be assessed as substrates of these metabolic enzyme activities as well. These activities are useful in determining the potential of a compound to cause drug-drug interactions or generate metabolites that retain or have no useful antimicrobial activity.
  • To get an estimate of the potential of the compound to be orally bioavailable, one can also perform solubility and Caco-2 assays. The latter is a cell line from human epithelium that allows measurement of drug uptake and passage through a Caco-2 cell monolayer often growing within wells of a 24-well microtiter plate equipped with a 1 micron membrane. Free drug concentrations can be measured on the basolateral side of the monolayer, assessing the amount of drug that can pass through the intestinal monolayer. Appropriate controls to ensure monolayer integrity and tightness of gap junctions arc needed. Using this same system one can get an estimate of P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. P-glycoprotein is a pump that localizes to the apical membrane of cells, forming polarized monolayers. This pump can abrogate the active or passive uptake across the Caco-2 cell membrane, resulting in less drug passing through the intestinal epithelial layer. These results are often done in conjunction with solubility measurements and both of these factors are known to contribute to oral bioavailability in mammals. Measurements of oral bioavailability in animals and ultimately in man using traditional pharmacokinetic experiments will determine the absolute oral bioavailability.
  • Experimental results can also be used to build models that help predict physical-chemical parameters that contribute to drug-like properties. When such a model is verified, experimental methodology can be reduced, with increased reliance on the model predictability.
    • 5. Formulation and Administration
  • The compounds of the invention can be useful in the prevention or treatment of a variety of human or other animal, including mammalian and non mammalian, disorders, including for example, bacterial infection, fungal infections, viral infections, diarrhea, parasitic diseases, and cancer. It is contemplated that, once identified, the active molecules of the invention can be incorporated into any suitable carrier prior to use. The dose of active molecule, mode of administration and use of suitable carrier will depend upon the intended recipient and target organism. The formulations, both for veterinary and for human medical use, of compounds according to the present invention typically include such compounds in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • The carrier(s) should be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulations and not deleterious to the recipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, in this regard, are intended to include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds (identified or designed according to the invention and/or known in the art) also can be incorporated into the compositions. The formulations can conveniently be presented in dosage unit form and can be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy/microbiology. In general, some formulations are prepared by bringing the compound into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
  • A pharmaceutical composition of the invention should be formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include oral, otic, ophthalmic, nasal, or parenteral, for example, intravenous, intradermal, inhalation, transdermal (topical), transmucosal, and rectal administration. Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
  • Useful solutions for oral or parenteral administration can be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art, described, for example, inRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Gennaro, A., ed.), Mack Pub., (1990). Formulations for parenteral administration can also include glycocholate for buccal administration, methoxysalicylate for rectal administration, or citric acid for vaginal administration. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic. Suppositories for rectal administration also can be prepared by mixing the drug with a nonirritating excipient such as cocoa butter, other glycerides, or other compositions which are solid at room temperature and liquid at body temperatures. Formulations also can include, for example, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, and hydrogenated naphthalenes. Formulations for direct administration can include glycerol and other compositions of high viscosity. Other potentially useful parenteral carriers for these drugs include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes. Formulations for inhalation administration can contain as excipients, for example, lactose, or can be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel to be applied intranasally. Retention enemas also can be used for rectal delivery.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration can be in the form of: discrete units such as capsules, gelatin capsules, sachets, tablets, troches, or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the drug; a powder or granular composition; a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid; or an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion. The drug can also be administered in the form of a bolus, electuary or paste. A tablet can be made by compressing or moulding the drug optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the drug in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed by a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent. Moulded tablets can be made by moulding, in a suitable machine, a mixture of the powdered drug and suitable carrier moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • Oral compositions generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients. Oral compositions prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash include the compound in the fluid carrier and are applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose; a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor ELTM (BASF, Parsippany, NJ) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). It should be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and should be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
  • Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filter sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle which contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, methods of preparation include vacuum drying and freeze-drying which yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • Formulations suitable for intra-articular administration can be in the form of a sterile aqueous preparation of the drug that can be in microcrystalline form, for example, in the form of an aqueous microcrystalline suspension. Liposomal formulations or biodegradable polymer systems can also be used to present the drug for both intra-articular and ophthalmic administration.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration, including eye treatment, include liquid or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, gels, applicants, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments or pastes; or solutions or suspensions such as drops. Formulations for topical administration to the skin surface can be prepared by dispersing the drug with a dermatologically acceptable carrier such as a lotion, cream, ointment or soap. Particularly useful are carriers capable of forming a film or layer over the skin to localize application and inhibit removal. For topical administration to internal tissue surfaces, the agent can be dispersed in a liquid tissue adhesive or other substance known to enhance adsorption to a tissue surface. For example, hydroxypropylcellulose or fibrinogen/thrombin solutions can be used to advantage. Alternatively, tissue-coating solutions, such as pectin-containing formulations can be used.
  • For inhalation treatments, inhalation of powder (self-propelling or spray formulations) dispensed with a spray can, a nebulizer, or an atomizer can be used. Such formulations can be in the form of a fine powder for pulmonary administration from a powder inhalation device or self-propelling powder-dispensing formulations. In the case of self-propelling solution and spray formulations, the effect can be achieved either by choice of a valve having the desired spray characteristics (i.e., being capable of producing a spray having the desired particle size) or by incorporating the active ingredient as a suspended powder in controlled particle size. For administration by inhalation, the compounds also can be delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser which contains a suitable propellant,e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
  • Systemic administration also can be by transmucosal or transdermal means. For transmucosal or transdermal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants generally are known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents and bile salts. Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories. For transdermal administration, the active compounds typically arc formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
  • The active compounds can be prepared with carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Liposomal suspensions can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described inU.S. Patent No. 4,522,811.
  • Oral or parenteral compositions can be formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active compound for the treatment of individuals. Furthermore, administration can be by periodic injections of a bolus, or can be made more continuous by intravenous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration from an external reservoir (e.g., an intravenous bag).
  • Where adhesion to a tissue surface is desired the composition can include the drug dispersed in a fibrinogen-thrombin composition or other bioadhesive. The compound then can be painted, sprayed or otherwise applied to the desired tissue surface. Alternatively, the drugs can be formulated for otic, ophthalmic, nasal, parenteral or oral administration to humans or other mammals, for example, in therapeutically effective amounts, e.g., amounts that provide appropriate concentrations of the drug to target tissue for a time sufficient to induce the desired effect.
  • Where the active compound is to be used as part of a transplant procedure, it can be provided to the living tissue or organ to be transplanted prior to removal of tissue or organ from the donor. The compound can be provided to the donor host. Alternatively or, in addition, once removed from the donor, the organ or living tissue can be placed in a preservation solution containing the active compound. In all cases, the active compound can be administered directly to the desired tissue, as by injection to the tissue, or it can be provided systemically, e.g., by otic, ophthalmic, nasal, oral or parenteral administration, using any of the methods and formulations described herein and/or known in the art. Where the drug comprises part of a tissue or organ preservation solution, any commercially available preservation solution can be used to advantage. For example, useful solutions known in the art include Collins solution, Wisconsin solution, Belzer solution, Eurocollins solution and lactated Ringer's solution.
  • The compounds of the present invention can be administered directly to a tissue locus by applying the compound to a medical device that is placed in contact with the tissue. An example of a medical device is a stent, which contains or is coated with one or more of the compounds of the present invention.
  • For example, an active compound can be applied to a stent at the site of vascular injury. Stents can be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art. See, e.g.,Fattori, R. and Piva, T., "Drug Eluting Stents in Vascular Intervention," Lancet, 2003, 361, 247-249;Morice, M. C., "A New Era in the Treatment of Coronary Disease?" European Heart Journal, 2003, 24, 209-211; andToutouzas, K. et al., "Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Findings," Z. Kardiol., 2002, 91(3), 49-57. The stent can be fabricated from stainless steel or another bio-compatible metal, or it can be made of a bio-compatible polymer. The active compound can be linked to the stent surface, embedded and released from polymer materials coated on the stent, or surrounded by and released through a carrier which coats or spans the stent. The stent can be used to administer single or multiple active compounds to tissues adjacent to the stent.
  • Active compound as identified or designed by the methods described herein can be administered to individuals to treat disorders (prophylactically or therapeutically). In conjunction with such treatment, pharmacogenomics (i.e., the study of the relationship between an individual's genotype and that individual's response to a foreign compound or drug) can be considered. Differences in metabolism of therapeutics can lead to severe toxicity or therapeutic failure by altering the relation between dose and blood concentration of the pharmacologically active drug. Thus, a physician or clinician can consider applying knowledge obtained in relevant pharmacogenomics studies in determining whether to administer a drug as well as tailoring the dosage and/or therapeutic regimen of treatment with the drug.
  • In therapeutic use for treating, or combating, bacterial infections in mammals, the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions thereof will be administered otically, ophthalmically, nasally, orally, parenterally and/or topically at a dosage to obtain and maintain a concentration, that is, an amount, or blood-level or tissue level of active component in the animal undergoing treatment which will be anti-microbially effective. Generally, an effective amount of dosage of active component will be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 100, more preferably from about 1.0 to about 50 mg/kg of body weight/day. The amount administered will also likely depend on such variables as the type and extent of disease or indication to be treated, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound delivered, the formulation of the drug, the presence and types of excipients in the formulation, and the route of administration. Also, it is to be understood that the initial dosage administered can be increased beyond the above upper level in order to rapidly achieve the desired blood-level or tissue level, or the initial dosage can be smaller than the optimum and the daily dosage can be progressively increased during the course of treatment depending on the particular situation. If desired, the daily dose can also be divided into multiple doses for administration, for example, two to four times per day.
  • Various disease states or conditions in humans and other mammals are found to be caused by or mediated by nonsense or missense mutations. These mutations cause or mediate the disease state or condition by adversely affecting, for example, protein synthesis, folding, trafficking and/or function. Examples of disease states or conditions in which an appreciable percentage of the disease or condition is believed to result from nonsense or missense mutations include hemophilia (factor VIII gene), neurofibromatosis (NF1 and NF2 genes), retinitis pigmentosa (human USH2A gene), bullous skin diseases like Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (COL7A1 gene), cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene), breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin gene), colon cancer (mismatch repair genes, predominantly in MLH1 and MSH2), and lysosomal storage disorders such as Neimann-Pick disease (acid sphingomyelinase gene). SeeSanders CR, Myers JK. Disease-related misassembly of membrane proteins. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2004;33:25-51;National Center for Biotechnology Information (U.S.) Genes and disease Bethesda, MD : NCBI, NLM ID: 101138560; andRaskó, István; Downes, C S Genes in medicine : molecular biology and human genetic disorders 1st ed. London ; New York : Chapman & Hall, 1995. NLM ID: 9502404. The compounds of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent a disease state in a mammal caused or mediated by such nonsense or missense mutations by administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of the present invention to suppress the nonsense or missense mutation involved in the disease state.
    • 6. Examples
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained on a Bruker Avance 300 or Avance 500 spectrometer, or in some cases a GE-Nicolet 300 spectrometer. Common reaction solvents were either high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade or American Chemical Society (ACS) grade, and anhydrous as obtained from the manufacturer unless otherwise noted. "Chromatography" or "purified by silica gel" refers to flash column chromatography using silica gel (EM Merck, Silica Gel 60, 230-400 mesh) unless otherwise noted.
  • The compounds of the present invention can be prepared using known chemical transformations adapted to the particular situation at hand..
  • Some of the abbreviations used in the following experimental details of the synthesis of the examples are defined below: h or hr = hour(s); min = minute(s); mol = mole(s); mmol = millimole(s); M = molar; µM = micromolar; g = gram(s); µg = microgram(s); rt = room temperature; L = liter(s); mL = milliliter(s); Et2O = diethyl ether; THF = tetrahydrofuran; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; EtOAc = ethyl acetate; Et3N = triethylamine;i-Pr2NEt or DIPEA = diisopropylethylamine; CH2Cl2 = methylene chloride; CHCl3 = chloroform; CDCl3 = deuterated chloroform; CCl4 = carbon tetrachloride; MeOH = methanol; CD3OD = deuterated methanol; EtOH = ethanol; DMF = dimethylformamide; BOC =t-butoxycarbonyl; CBZ = benzyloxycarbonyl; TBS =t-butyldimethylsilyl; TBSCl =t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride; TFA = trifluoroacetic acid; DBU = diazabicycloundecene; TBDPSCl =t-butyldiphenylchlorosilane; Hunig's Base =N,N-diisopropylethylamine; DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine; CuI = copper (I) iodide; MsCl = methanesulfonyl chloride; NaN3 = sodium azide; Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate; NaHCO3 = sodium bicarbonate; NaOH = sodium hydroxide; MgSO4 = magnesium sulfate; K2CO3 = potassium carbonate; KOH = potassium hydroxide; NH4OH = ammonium hydroxide; NH4Cl = ammonium chloride; SiO2 = silica; Pd-C = palladium on carbon; Pd(dppf)Cl2 = dichloro[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II).
  • Exemplary compounds synthesized in accordance with the invention are listed in Table 1. A bolded or dashed bond is shown to indicate a particular stereochemistry at a chiral center, whereas a wavy bond indicates that the substituent can be in either orientation or that the compound is a mixture thereof. It should also be known that in the interest of conserving space, the chemical structures of some compounds have been split into two parts with the two points of connection each being indicated by a bond crossed by a wavy line. See, e.g. compound 755, which was drawn in two parts as:
    Figure imgb0124
    but corresponds to the complete chemical structure:
    Figure imgb0125
  • The compounds of the present invention can be prepared, formulated, and delivered as salts, esters, and prodrugs. For convenience, the compounds are generally shown without indicating a particular salt, ester, or prodrug form.
    Compounds of the present invention are shown in Table 1. LCMS (liquid chromatography mass spectral) data are provided, where available. When data is not available this is indicated by "NA". The LCMS data are provided using the convention form/z in the format, [M + H]+, except where otherwise indicated.
    Figure imgb0126
    Figure imgb0127
    Figure imgb0128
    Figure imgb0129
    Figure imgb0130
    Figure imgb0131
    Figure imgb0132
    Figure imgb0133
    Figure imgb0134
    Figure imgb0135
    Figure imgb0136
    Figure imgb0137
    Figure imgb0138
    Figure imgb0139
    Figure imgb0140
    Figure imgb0141
    Figure imgb0142
    Figure imgb0143
    Figure imgb0144
    Figure imgb0145
    Figure imgb0146
    Figure imgb0147
    Figure imgb0148
    Figure imgb0149
    Figure imgb0150
    Figure imgb0151
    Figure imgb0152
    Figure imgb0153
    Figure imgb0154
    Figure imgb0155
    Figure imgb0156
    Figure imgb0157
    Figure imgb0158
    Figure imgb0159
    Figure imgb0160
    Figure imgb0161
    Figure imgb0162
    Figure imgb0163
    Figure imgb0164
    Figure imgb0165
    Figure imgb0166
    Figure imgb0167
    Figure imgb0168
    Figure imgb0169
    Figure imgb0170
    Figure imgb0171
    Figure imgb0172
    Figure imgb0173
    Figure imgb0174
    Figure imgb0175
    Figure imgb0176
    Figure imgb0177
    Figure imgb0178
    Figure imgb0179
    Figure imgb0180
    Figure imgb0181
    Figure imgb0182
    Figure imgb0183
    Figure imgb0184
    Figure imgb0185
    Figure imgb0186
    Figure imgb0187
    Figure imgb0188
    Figure imgb0189
    Figure imgb0190
    Figure imgb0191
    Figure imgb0192
    Figure imgb0193
    Figure imgb0194
    Figure imgb0195
    Figure imgb0196
    Figure imgb0197
    Figure imgb0198
    Figure imgb0199
    Figure imgb0200
    Figure imgb0201
    Figure imgb0202
    Figure imgb0203
    Figure imgb0204
    Figure imgb0205
    Figure imgb0206
    Figure imgb0207
    Figure imgb0208
    Figure imgb0209
    Figure imgb0210
    Figure imgb0211
    Figure imgb0212
    Figure imgb0213
    Figure imgb0214
    Figure imgb0215
    Figure imgb0216
    Figure imgb0217
    Figure imgb0218
    Figure imgb0219
    Figure imgb0220
    Figure imgb0221
    Figure imgb0222
    Figure imgb0223
    Figure imgb0224
    Figure imgb0225
    Figure imgb0226
    Figure imgb0227
    Figure imgb0228
    Figure imgb0229
    Figure imgb0230
    Figure imgb0231
    Figure imgb0232
    Figure imgb0233
    Figure imgb0234
    Figure imgb0235
    Figure imgb0236
    Figure imgb0237
    Figure imgb0238
    Figure imgb0239
    Figure imgb0240
    Figure imgb0241
    Figure imgb0242
    Figure imgb0243
    Figure imgb0244
    Figure imgb0245
    Figure imgb0246
    Figure imgb0247
    Figure imgb0248
    Figure imgb0249
    Figure imgb0250
    Figure imgb0251
    Figure imgb0252
    Figure imgb0253
    Figure imgb0254
    Figure imgb0255
    Figure imgb0256
    Figure imgb0257
    Figure imgb0258
    Figure imgb0259
    Figure imgb0260
    Figure imgb0261
    Figure imgb0262
    Figure imgb0263
    Figure imgb0264
    Figure imgb0265
    Figure imgb0266
    Figure imgb0267
    Figure imgb0268
    Figure imgb0269
    Figure imgb0270
    Figure imgb0271
    Figure imgb0272
    Figure imgb0273
    Figure imgb0274
    Figure imgb0275
    Figure imgb0276
    Figure imgb0277
    Figure imgb0278
    Figure imgb0279
    Figure imgb0280
    Figure imgb0281
    Figure imgb0282
    Figure imgb0283
    Figure imgb0284
    Figure imgb0285
    Figure imgb0286
    Figure imgb0287
    Figure imgb0288
    Figure imgb0289
    Figure imgb0290
    Figure imgb0291
    Figure imgb0292
    Figure imgb0293
    Figure imgb0294
    Figure imgb0295
    Figure imgb0296
    Figure imgb0297
    Figure imgb0298
    Figure imgb0299
    Figure imgb0300
    Figure imgb0301
    Figure imgb0302
    Figure imgb0303
    Figure imgb0304
    Figure imgb0305
    Figure imgb0306
    Figure imgb0307
    Figure imgb0308
    Figure imgb0309
    Figure imgb0310
    Figure imgb0311
    Figure imgb0312
    Figure imgb0313
    Figure imgb0314
    Figure imgb0315
    Figure imgb0316
    Figure imgb0317
    Figure imgb0318
    Figure imgb0319
    Figure imgb0320
    Figure imgb0321
    Figure imgb0322
    Figure imgb0323
    Figure imgb0324
    Figure imgb0325
  • In further embodiments, the compounds of the present invention do not encompass a compound having the structure:
    Figure imgb0326
  • The compounds of the present invention can be made using synthetic chemical techniques well known to those of skill in the art.
    • EXAMPLESExample 1 - Synthesis of Compound 682
  • Figure imgb0327
  • {3-[(4-Bromo-benzyl)-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester: A solution of 1-bromo-4-bromomethyl-benzene (17.79 g, 71.17 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was dropwise added to a mixture of 3-Amino-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (16.1 g, 92.51 mmol), triethylamine (29.6 ml, 213.5 mmol) in toluene (200 mL) over 30 min. at 80 °C. The resulted mixture was heated at 80 °C for additional 2 h before cooled to 0 °C. Di-tert-butyl pyrocarbonate (23.5 g, 107.80 mmol) was added at 0 °C. After 2 h, the mixture was warmed to rt and stirred overnight, diluted with EtOAc (500 mL) and washed with water (300 mL), brine (300 mL). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (10% - 25% EtOAc in heptane) to give desired product (16.15 g, 51%) as colorless oil.1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.44 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (br, 2H), 5.16 (br.s, 0.5H),4.62 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.34 (br, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.43 (br.s, 18H).
    Figure imgb0328
  • (3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester: A mixture of {3-(4-Bromo-benzyl)-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (16.15 g, 36.46 mmol), bispinacolate boronate (10.20, 40.11 mmol), KOAc (10.72 g, 109.38 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0) (2.03 g, 1.82 mmol) and DMF (80 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 16 h under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL), washed with water (300 mL) and brine (300 mL). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (10% - 30% EtOAc in heptane) to give desired product (14.15 g, 80%) as colorless oil.1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.76 (d,J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (br.s, 2H), 5.16 (br.s, 0.5H),4.62 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.40 (br, 2H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.43 (br.s, 18H), 1.34 (s, 12H).
    Figure imgb0329
  • 2-(4-{[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester: A mixture of (3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (6.00g, 12.25 mmol), 2-iodo-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (4.45 g, 18.38 mmol), K3PO4 (7.79 g, 36.75 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0) (0.68 g, 0.61 mmol), dioxane (60 mL) and water (12 mL) was degassed and heated at 80 °C for 20 h under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL), washed with water (300 mL) and brine (300 mL). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (0% - 30% EtOAc in heptane) to give desired product (5.35 g, 91%) as brown oil.1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d,J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (br.d, 2H), 5.20 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.62 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.39 (br, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.50 (br.d, 9H), 1. 43 (s, 9H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 501 (M+Na+).
    Figure imgb0330
  • (3-{tert-Butoxycarbonyl-[4-(7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-benzyl]-amino}-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester: To a mixture of 2-(4-{[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (97 mg, 0.2 mmol), 1H-imidazol-2-ylamine sulfate (29 mg, 0.223 mmol) and ethanol (10 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide (0.5 mL, 0.5 M in methanol, 0.25 mmol). The resulted mixture was refluxed for 18h, additional 0.5 mL of sodium methoxide (0.5 M in methanol, 0.5 mmol) was added and continued to reflex for 20h. The reaction was concentrated and diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and washed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL). The EtOAc solution was concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (10% methanol in dichloromethane) to give desired product (48 mg, 48%) as white solid.1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.59 (br.s, 2H), 7.29 (m, 4H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br.d, 9H), 1. 42 (s, 9H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 498.1 (M+H-).
    Figure imgb0331
  • 6-{4-[(3-Amino-propylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride salt (hydrochloride salt of compound 563): {(3-{tert-Butoxycarbonyl-[4-(7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-benzyl]-amino}-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (48 mg, 0.097 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (5 mL), TFA (1 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (35 mg, 100%)..1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 4.33 (s, 2H), 3.23 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 297.1 (M+H+).
    Figure imgb0332
  • N-{3-[4-(7-Oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-benzylamino]-propyl}-guanidine hydrochloride salt (hydrochloride salt of compound 564): To a mixture of compound 563 (26 mg, 0.07 mmol), Hunig's base (90 mg, 0.70 mmol) and DMF (10 mL) was addedN,N-bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole (22 mg, 0.07 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by PTLC (2N NH3 in methanol/ CH2Cl2, 1:4) to give the guandylated product as white solid (30 mg, 80%) which was dissolved in 3 mL of CH2Cl2 and 1 mL of TFA was added. The resulted mixture was stirred overnight and concentrated. 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (20 mg, 100%) .1NMR (300 MHz, D2O): δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 3.25 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 339.7 (M+H+).
    Figure imgb0333
  • N-(3-{(4-Amino-butyl)-[4-(7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-benzyl]-amino}-propyl)-guanidine hydrochloride salt (hydrochloride salt of compound 616): To a mixture of compound 563 (26 mg, 0.07 mmol), Hunig's base (90 mg, 0.70 mmol) and DMF (10 mL) was addedN,N-bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole (22 mg, 0.07 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by PTLC (2N NH3 in methanol/ CH2Cl2, 1:4) to give the guandylated product as white solid (30 mg, 80%).
  • A mixture of the guandylated compound (27 mg, 0.05 mmol), (3-Oxo-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (9 mg, 0.05 mmol), acetic acid (6 mg, 0.1 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was stirred for 30 min at room temperature before sodium cyanoborohydride (13 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added. The resulted mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with CH2Cl2 (15 mL), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The CH2Cl2 solution was concentrated and purified by PTLC (2N NH3 in methanol/ CH2Cl2, 1:9) to give the desired tertiary amine as white solid (13 mg, 37%).
  • The tertiary amine product (13 mg, 0.0187 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of CH2Cl2 and 1 mL of TFA was added. The resulted mixture was stirred overnight and concentrated. 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (9.4 mg, 100%) .1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (br.s, 4H), 7.74 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 3.36(m, 6H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 396.9 (M+H+).
    Figure imgb0334
  • {4-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]-benzyl}-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester: To a mixture of 2-(4-{[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (5.70 g, 11.92 mmol), 5-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylamine (2.84g, 11.92 mmol) and ethanol (60 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide (12 mL, 0.5 M in methanol, 6 mmol). The resulted mixture was refluxed for 18h, additional 12 mL of sodium methoxide (0.5 M in methanol, 6 mmol) was added and continued to reflex for 20h. The reaction was concentrated and diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with water (200 mL), brine (200 mL). The EtOAc solution was concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (0% - 8% Methanol in dichloromethane) to give desired product (4.05 g, 52%) as brown solid.1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d,J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.35(s, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 5.25 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.70 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br.d, 9H), 1. 44 (s, 9H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 654 (M+H+).
    Figure imgb0335
  • 6-{4-[(3-Amino-propylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride salt (hydrochloride salt of compound 617): {4-[2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]-benzyl}-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.153 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (5 mL), TFA (1 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (80 mg, 100%)..1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.75 (m, 8H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 3.32 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 454 (M+H-).
    Figure imgb0336
  • 4-[6-(4-{[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]-benzoic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester: A mixture of {4-[2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]-benzyl}-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.50 g, 2.3 mmol), hydroxysuccilimide (0.40 g, 3.45 mmol), 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (67 mg, 0.115 mmol), palladium acetate (26 mg, 0.115 mmol), triethylamine (700 mg, 6.9 mmol) and DMSO (3 mL) in a sealed tube was degassed and refilled with carbon monooxide (20 psi). The reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for 16 h. After cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL x 3). The CH2Cl2 solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (0-10% methanol in CH2Cl2) to afford activated ester as brown solid (1.0 g, 61%).1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.14 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d,J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 5.59 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d,J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 5.25 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.69 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 4H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br.d, 9H), 1. 44 (s, 9H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 715 (M+H+).
    Figure imgb0337
  • 6-{4-[(3-Amino-propylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-2-[4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one hydrochloride salt (hydrochloride salt of 682): A mixture of 4-[6-(4-{[tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-7-oxo-1,7-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]-benzoic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester, 1-boc-priperazine (229 mg, 1.23 mmol) and CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (0-10% methanol in CH2Cl2) to afford desired amide as white solid (330 mg, 76%),1NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d,J = 13.8 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d,J = 13.8 Hz, 2H), 5.35 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.95 (br.s, 0.5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.44 (m, 6H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.52 (br.d, 9H), 1.48 (s, 9H) 1.44 (s, 9H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 786 (M+H+).
    The amide product (330 mg) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (5 mL), TFA (1 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and 4 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 4 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 5 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (250 mg, 100%) .1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 9.02 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.90 (br.s, 4H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.25 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 486.1 (M+H+).
    • Example 2 - Synthesis of Pyrrolocytosines
  • Figure imgb0338
    • Synthesis of compound 3:
  • Compound2 (65.0 g, 373 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (150 mL). The flask was purged with argon. Compound1 (55.93 g, 373 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction solution was then added via addition funnel, over 20 minutes, to a suspension of NaBH4 (14.18 g, 373 mmol) in toluene (150 mL), at 0°C. The ice bath was removed, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3h. 1N HCl (750 mL) was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. K2CO3 (205.9 g, 1.49 mol), Boc2O (81.41 g, 373 mmol), and THF (200 mL) were added to the solution, and stirred at room temperature for 23 h. Reaction solution was partitioned between EtOAc and 1:1 brine/H2O. The aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (2 x 300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (500 mL); dried over Na2SO4; filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by Combi Flash chromatography, in 3 portions, affording the product as a white solid (119.43 g, 78 %);1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.43 (bs, 18H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.30 (m, 4H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 5.93 (bs, 1H), 7.22 (bs, 1H), 7.34 (bs, 1H), 7.78 (d: 8Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d: 8Hz, 1H).
    • Synthesis of compound 5:
  • To a mixture of compound3 (42.28 g, 103.5 mmol) and compound4 (24.54 g, 103.5 mmol) were added MeOH (3 L) and H2O (750 mL). The mixture was stirred vigorously open to air, at room temperature, for 30 min. Cu(OAc)2•H2O (20.67g, 103.5 mmol) was then added followed by TMEDA (18.63 mL, 124.3 mmol). The solution was stirred open to air, at room temperature, for 5 h. Once the reaction was complete, the solution was concentrated to 0.7 L, and then partitioned between CH2Cl2 (700 mL) and 20% NH4OH/H2O saturated with NH4Cl (500 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with CH2Cl2 (500 mL, 200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by Combi Flash chromatography:A: CH2Cl2B: 15:1 CH2Cl2/ 2N NH3/MeOH, 0-100 % B over 85 min. (two 330g columns). This gave the product as a white solid (35.52 g, 58 %); LCMS (ESI):m/e 600 (M+H)+.
    • Synthesis of compound 6:
  • Compound5 (10.0 g, 16.68 mmol) was dissolved in THF (40 mL). The flask was purged with argon. Pyridine (40 mL) was then added followed by BzCl (3.10 mL, 26.69 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature under argon atmosphere for 3 h. MeOH (4 mL) was added, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min, and then it was partitioned between EtOAc (200 mL), heptane (100 mL), and 5% KHCO3/H2O (200 mL). The aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (100 mL, 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 5% KHCO3/H2O (300 mL); dried over Na2SO4; filtered, and concentrated.
  • The crude product was purified by Combi Flash chromatography: 0-100% EtOAc / heptane, over 55 min. (330 g column). The product was obtained as an off-white powder (9.81 g, 84%); LCMS (ESI):m/e 704 (M+H)-.
    • Synthesis of compound 8:
  • 3,5-Dibromobenzoic acid7 (3.35 g, 11.97 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (30 mL). TBTU (5.38 g, 16.76 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred under argon, at 22 °C, for 5 min. Diisopropylethyl amine (4.95 mL, 29.92 mmol) was added, immediately followed by thiapiperazine S,S-dioxide (2.26 g, 16.76 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 24 h, and then it was partitioned between EtOAc (200 mL) and 3% KHCO3/H2O (300 mL). The organic phase was washed with H2O (200 mL), and then with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (200 g) using 3% (2.5M NH3/MeOH)/CH2Cl2. This gave compound8 (1.72 g; 36%) as a solid;1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 3.10-3.30 (m, 4H), 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 2H), 7.75 (d: 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (t: 2.0Hz, 1H).
    • Synthesis of compound 9:
  • Compound8 (1.72 g, 4.33 mmol), N-Boc-piperazine (931 mg, 5.0 mmol), K2CO3 (1.26 g, 9.1 mmol), CuI (83 mg, 0.43 mmol), and L-proline (100 mg, 0.87 mmol) were suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide (15 mL). The mixture was purged with argon, and then stirred under argon at 85 °C, for 20 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was partitioned between water (150 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL), the organic phase was washed with water (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (200 g) using 2% (2.5M NH3/MeOH)/CH2Cl2. This gave compound9 (0.65 g; 30%) as a solid;1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1.42 (s, 9H), 3.12-3.28 (m, 8H), 3.44 (m, 4H), 3.64 (m, 2H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 7.02 (bs, 2H), 7.17 (bs, 1H).
    • Synthesis of compound 10:
  • Compound9 (0.63 g, 1.25 mmol) was dissolved in THF (10 mL). The solution was placed in a pressure vessel, purged with argon, and then CuI (60 mg, 0.313 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (145 mg, 0.125 mmol), Et3N (1.40 mL, 10 mmol), and trimethylsilyl acetylene (0.353 mL, 2.5 mmol) were added. The vessel was sealed, and the mixture was stirred at 45-50 °C. After 3 h, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), concentrated, and then purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120 g) using 70% EtOAc - 30% heptane. This gave a semisolid (1.2 g) which was dissolved in MeOH (70 mL). The solution was purged with argon, K2CO3 (1.0 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred under argon, at 45 °C, for 30 min. The mixture was filtered, concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (120 g) using 75% EtOAc - 25% heptane. This gave compound10 (0.425 g, 76%) as a white, solid foam; LCMS (ESI):m/e 448 (M+H)+.
    Figure imgb0339
    • Synthesis of compound 11:
  • Compound6 (669 mg, 0.95 mmol) and compound10 (425 mg, 0.95 mmol) were placed in a pressure vessel, and anhydrous DMF (15 mL) was added. The solution was purged with argon, and then CuI (46 mg, 0.24 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (110 mg, 0.095 mmol), and Et3N (1.06 mL, 7.6 mmol) were added, the vessel was sealed, and the mixture was stirred at 22 °C, for 15 min. Subsequently, the temperature was increased to 80-85 °C, and the mixture was stirred for 14 h. It was cooled to ambient temperature, MeOH (10 mL) was added, the vessel was sealed, and the mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 3 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was partitioned between sat. KH2PO4/H2O (250 mL) and EtOAc (200 mL), the organic phase was washed with brine (150 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (150 g) using 5% (2.5M NH3/MeOH)/CH2Cl2. This gave compound11 (490 mg; 56%) as a yellow solid; LCMS (ESI):m/e 920 (M+H)+.
    • Synthesis of compounds 12A and 12B:
  • Compound11 (490 mg, 0.533 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (20 mL), trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 22 °C for 40 min. CH2Cl2 (30 mL) was added, and the mixture was concentratedin vacuo to a viscous oil. Water (3 mL) and EtOH (70 mL) were added, the mixture was concentrated, affording crude compound12A as a solid residue. This residue was dissolved in [(10% MeOH-90% H2O)+0.15%TFA] (40 mL). An aliquot (10 mL) was injected on a Dynamax 41.4 mm, C-18 prep HPLC Unit (guard +column), which was cluted with a gradient of solvents of 10% - 55% (MeOH/H2O + 0.15% TFA), over 40 min. The pure fractions were combined and concentrated with EtOH, to dryness. This sample was treated with 1N HCl / H2O (5 mL) and EtOH (70 mL), and concentrated. This operation was repeated; the solid thus obtained was lyophilized from H2O-MeCN (4:1), affording compound12B (78 mg) as a yellow powder; LCMS (ESI):m/e 619 (M+H)+.
    • Synthesis of compound 13:
  • A solution of compound12A in the mixture of solvents [(10% MeOH-90% H2O)+0.15%TFA], described above, (30 mL, 0.40 mmol), was concentrated with EtOH, to a viscous oil. This sample was dissolved in a mixture of DMF (10 mL) and diisopropylethyl amine (0.53 mL, 3.20 mmol). N,N'-Bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole (149 mg, 0.48 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 22 °C, for 15 h. EtOH (80 mL) was added, and the mixture was concentratedin vacuo (<1 mm Hg, 45 °C) to a viscous oil, which was dissolved in a mixture of CH2Cl2 (25 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (30 mL). The mixture was stirred at 22 °C, for 2 h, and then CH2Cl2 (70 mL) was added, the solution was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) and treated with Amberslyst A26(OH) resin (10 g). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to a semisolid. This sample was purified by preparative HPLC: Dynamax 41.4 mm, C-18 prep HPLC Unit (guard +column), which was cluted with a gradient of solvents of 10% - 55% (MeOH/H2O + 0.15% TFA), over 40 min. The pure fractions were combined and concentrated with EtOH, to dryness. This sample was treated with 1N HCl / H2O (5 mL) and EtOH (70 mL), and concentrated. This operation was repeated; the solid thus obtained was lyophilized from H2O-MeCN (4:1), affording compound13 (122 mg) as a yellow powder; LCMS (ESI):m/e 661 (M+H)+.
    • Example 3-Synthesis of Compounds 2009a ("a" series) and 2029a ("b" series)
  • Figure imgb0340
    • Synthesis of 2a and 2b:
  • A mixture of phosphonium salt12 (5.24 g, 9.88 mmol),1a (or1b) (2.65 g, 9.88 mmol), K2CO3 (1.36 g, 9.88 mmol), and 18-crown-6 (catalytic amount) in toluene (50 mL) was heated at reflux under argon overnight. Upon completion, the mixture was cooled to rt and water was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 75 mL) and the combined organics were dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (2:1 heptane/ethyl acetate). Compound2a was isolated cleanly as mixture ofE andZ isomers (3.78 g, 87% yield).
    • Synthesis of 3a and 3b:
  • To a flask containing phthalimide2a (3.78 g, 8.58 mmol) (or2b) in ethyl acetate was added 10% Pd/C (0.76 g, 20% w/w). The flask was evacuated and filled with hydrogen via a balloon assembly. Stirring at rt was continued for 45 minutes at which time the contents were purged with argon. After filtering the mixture through celite, solvent was evaporated to provide the desired product3a in quantitative yield (3.77 g).
    • Synthesis of 4a and 4b:
  • In a screw-cap pressure tube,3a (3.70 g, 8.37 mmol) (or3b) was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol. Hydrazine monohydrate (1.62 mL, 33.5 mmol) was added to the solution and heat was applied at 65 °C for 8 h. After cooling to rt, the slurry was filtered to remove the white solid byproduct and the resulting solution was concentrated to dryness. Water was added and the aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were then washed with water and brine and dried over NaSO4. Evaporation of solvent provided a clear, colorless oil (2.32 g, 89% yield) that was redissolved in dichloromethane (75 mL) and treated at 0 °C with benzyl chloroformate (1.27 mL, 8.94 mmol) and triethylamine (2.07 mL, 14.9 mmol). After 1 h of stirring, water was added and the organic layer was collected, dried with NaSO4, and concentrated. Purification of the crude residue by silica gel chromatography (2:1 heptane/ethyl acetate) furnished4a as a viscous oil. (3.06 g, 92% yield)
    • Synthesis of 5a and 5b:
  • Compound5a (and5b) was prepared via the same two-step Sonogashira-deprotection sequence used for the synthesis of alkyne10. Starting from 1.5 g4a, the desire product was obtained in 53% yield (0.69 g).
    Figure imgb0341
    • Synthesis of 7a and 7b:
  • Pyrrolocytosine7a (and7b) was prepared from the coupling of common intermediate6 and alkyne5a (and5b, respectively) according to the procedure described above for the synthesis of11. Starting from 690 mg of5a, 1.23 g of the desired compound was obtained as an orange-brown solid (81%); LCMS (ESI) m/e 863.4 (M+1)+.
    • Synthesis of 8a and 8b:
  • Boc-deprotection of7a (0.60 g, 0.69 mmol) (and7b) was accomplished with trifluoroacetic acid as described for the preparation of12A (note to attorney: provisional patent app numbering). Alternatively, this transformation was carried out by treating the starting material with 8 mL of 6N HCl and anhydrous EtOH (30 mL) at 50 °C (2 h). Following solvent evaporation, the crude residue (from either approach) was taken to the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) m/e 663.3 (M+1)+.
    • Synthesis of 9a and 9b:
  • Guanidine formation was carried out according to the protocol used to prepare compound13 (note to attorney: provisional patent app numbering) except that starting material8a (∼0.48 g, 0.65 mmol) (and8b) was used as a crude oil or semisolid rather than a MeOH-water solution. Removal of the Boc groups was facilitated by dissolving the protected guanidine intermediate in 35 mL of anhydrous ethanol, followed by the addition of 10 mL of 6N HCl. The solution was heated to 70 °C for 3 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated and dried further by azcotroping with additional anhydrous ethanol. The yellow-brown solid was used directly in the next step without further purification.
    • Synthesis of 11a and 11b:
  • Under argon, guanidine9a (or9b) was dissolved in 30 mL of trifluoroacetic acid.
  • Thioanisole (0.5 mL) was added dropwise and the solution was stirred at rt for 3-4 h. Upon completion, solvent was evaporated affording an oil or semisolid. Diethyl ether was added and the liquid layer containing most of the residual thioanisole was decanted. Crude10a was then dissolved in [(20% MeOH-90% H2O)+0.15%TFA] (20 mL). An aliquot (10 mL) was injected on a Dynamax 41.4 mm, C-18 prep HPLC Unit (guard+column), which was eluted with a gradient of solvents of 10% - 65% (MeOH/H2O + 0.15% TFA), over 45 min. The pure fractions were combined and concentrated with EtOH to dryness. This sample was treated with 1N HCl/H2O (5 mL) and EtOH (70 mL), and concentrated. This operation was repeated; the solid thus obtained was lyophilized from H2O-MeCN (4:1), affording compound11a as a yellow powder (171 mg); LCMS (ESI) m/e 571.2 (M+1)+;1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 1.50-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.87-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.56 (bs, 2H), 2.87 (bs, 2H), 3.08 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.7, 2H), 7.57 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.28 (s, 1H)
  • Data for11b: LCMS (ESI) m/e 555.3 (M+1)+;1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 1.33-1.46 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.80 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.84 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H).
    • Example 4 - Synthesis of Triazolopyrimidinones
  • Figure imgb0342
    • Representative Example:
  • 6-{4-[(3-Amino-propylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one. To 2-(4-{[tert-Butoxycarbonyl-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (1.13 g, 2.16 mmol) in 10 mL of methanol was added 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (0.50 g, 2.81 mmol). A 0.5 M solution of sodium methoxide in methanol (5.6 mL, 2.81 mmol) was added dropwise and the orange-colored mixture was gradually heated to 50 °C, where it was maintained overnight. Upon completion, methanol was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between 100 mL of dichloromethane and 100 mL of water. The organic layer was collected, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to an orange-yellow precipitate. The crude material was loaded onto a silica gel column and eluted as follows: 5 minutes at 40 mL/min with 100:0 CH2Cl2/MeOH; 15 minutes at 40 mL/min with 95:5 CH2Cl2/MeOH; 15 at 40 mL/min minutes with 90:10 CH2Cl2/MeOH at which point the desired product was collected from the column. Evaporation of the solvent provided a slightly yellow precipitate that was triturated with ether to yield 560 mg of white powder (44% yield). Removal of the BOC-protecting groups was then accomplished by dissolving the solid in 10 mL of dichloromethane, followed by the addition of 3 mL of trifluoroacetic acid. After 1 h at room temperature, complete conversion was observed. After the addition of dichloroethane (10 mL), the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Formation of the HCl salt was promoted by the addition of approximately 3 mL of aq. 1 N HCl and subsequent evaporation of the water. Lyophilization (aq. 1 N HCl/acetonitrile) provided 396 mg (90% from BOC-protected compound) of the desired product as a white powder:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 1.99-2.09 (m, 2H, CH2), δ 2.90-3.02 (m, 4H, NCH2), δ 4.17 (bs, 2H, CH2Ar), δ 7.38 (t,J = 8.9 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 7.66 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 7.76 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 8.07-8.12 (m, 3H, Ar, NH), δ 8.99 (s, 1H, CH=C), δ 9.54 (bs, 2H, NH), δ 13.4 (bs, 1H, NH); LCMS (ES+)m/z 393.0 (MH+).
  • N-(3-{4-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-3,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]-benzylamino}-propyl)-guanidine. To the HCl salt (250 mg, 0.54 mmol) suspended in DMF/THF (5:1, 5.4 mL), was added triethylamine (0.301 mL, 2.16 mmol).N,N'-Bis-BOC-1-guanylpyrazole (167 mg, 0.54 mmol) was then added to the solution and the progress of the reaction was monitored by LCMS. After 5 h, the solvents were evaporated by azeotroping with toluene/EtOH (a small amount of DMF remained). The crude material was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted two times with additional dichloromethane. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide the oil as a crude mixture. Purification was accomplished via preparative TLC (2000 µm plate, 10% MeOH/ CH2Cl2) and after removal of solvent, a while solid was obtained. Deprotection of the diamine and formation of the HCl salt were performed as described above to provide 145 mg (53% yield) after lyophilization:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 1.86-1.93 (m, 2H, CH2), δ 2.89-2.95 (m, 2H, NCH2), δ 3.20-3.27 (m, 2H, NCH2), δ 4.19 (bs, 2H, CH2Ar), δ 7.35 (t,J = 9.0 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 7.63 (d,J = 7.8 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 7.68 (d,J = 7.8 Hz, 2H, Ar), δ 8.07-8.12 (m, 2H, Ar), δ 8.99 (s, 1H, CH=C), δ 9.35 (bs, 2H, NH), δ 13.4 (bs, 1H, NH); LCMS (ES+)m/z 435.3 (MH+).
    • Example 5 - Synthesis of Compound 562
  • Figure imgb0343
  • 3-(2, 4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidine-1-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester(4): To a suspension of1 (1g, 5.3mmol) and2 (1.26g, 5.87mmol) in tetrahydrofuran was added DIAD (1.16ml, 5.87mmol) drop wise and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The clear solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to thick liquid. The crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (50-60% ethyl acetate-heptanes) to afford pure3. LCMS (EI)m/z 408.1 (M+Na+).1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.94 (2H, d), 7.67 (1H, t), 7.50 (2H, t), 7.27 (1H, d), 5.87 (1H, d), 5.14 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, dd), 3.54 (3H. m), 2.34 (1H, m), 2.11 (1H, m), 1.49 (9H, s). A solution of3 (2g) in 2N NH3-MeOH (30mL) was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The solution was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude mixture thus obtained was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (70-100% ethyl acetate-dichloromethane) to give pure4 as a white solid. LCMS (EI)m/z 281.1 (M+H)+ 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.41 (1H, bs), 7.18 (1H, d), 5.78 (1H, d), 5.17 (1H, m), 3.76 (1H, dd), 3.52 (3H. m), 2.33 (1H, m), 2.07 (1H, m), 1.48 (9H, s).
    Figure imgb0344
  • 3-(5-Bromo-2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidine-1-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester(5). To a mixture of 4 (0.6g, 2.13mmol) andN-bromosuccinimide (0.456g, 2.56mmol) was added DMF (15mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 3-4h. The solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate (50mL) and 10% Na2S2O3 (40mL). Organic layer was separated, washed with brine (3x50mL), dried (anhydrous Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (70% ethyl acetate-dichloromethane) to give pure 5.
    1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.08 (1H, bs), 7.43 (1H, s), 5.14 (1H, m), 3.78 (1H, dd), 3.53 (3H. m), 2.35 (1H, m), 2.08 (1H, m), 1.49 (9H, s).
    Figure imgb0345
  • 3-{5-(2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamine-phenyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidine-1-yl}-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester(7). To a mixture of5 (0.515g, 1.43mmol),6 (0.547g, 1.72mmol), Pd (PPh3)4 (0.165g, 10mol %) and K2CO3 (0.592g, 4.29mmol) was added dioxane (8mL) and water (2mL). The suspension was purged with Argon under vacuum and heated at 90°C in a sealed tube. After 15h the solution was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate (50mL) and brine (30mL). Organic layer was separated, washed with brine (2x30mL), dried (anhydrous Na2SO4), evaporated and purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (50-70% ethyl acetate - dichloromethane) to give the title compound 7. LCMS (EI)m/z 495.1 (M+Na)+.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.28 (1H, b), 7.75 (1H, d), 7.40 (1H, t), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.12 (1H, t), 7.05 (1H, d), 5.23 (1H, m), 5.11 (1H, dd), 3.45 (3H, m), 2.35 (1H, m), 2.11 (1H, m), 1.48 (9H, s), 1.45 (9H, s).
    Figure imgb0346
  • 3-Pyrrolidin-3-yl-3,9-dihydro-1,3,9-triaza-fluoren-2-one (9). To a mixture of 7 (0.3g, 0.635mmol) and 2-Mesitylenesulfonyl chloride (0.278g, 1.27mmol) was added dichloromethane (5mL) followed by triethyl amine (0.176mL, 1.27mmol) andN,N dimethylamino pyridine (0.039g, 0.312mmol). This reaction solution was stirred under inert atmosphere for 3h after which DBU (0.191mL, 1.27mmol) was added and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. It was quenched with cold water and partitioned between ethyl acetate (50mL) and brine (30mL). Organic layer was separated, washed with brine (3x30mL), dried (anhydrous Na2SO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material, thus obtained, was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (70% ethyl acetate - dichloromethane) to give8.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.11 (1H, d), 8.09 (1H, s), 7.60 (1H, d), 7.42 (1H, t), 7.27 (1H, t), 5.44 (1H, m), 3.86 (1H, m), 3.60 (1H, m), 2.48 (1H, m), 2.25 (1H, m), 1.73 (9H, s), 1.51 (9H, m). A solution of8 (0.2g) in dichloromethane (10mL) was treated with TFA (3mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 2h. The solution was evaporated under reduce pressure and dried under vacuum to afford9. LCMS (EI)m/z 276.3 (M+Na)+. This TFA salt of9 was used for the next step without further purification.
    Figure imgb0347
  • 2-{4-[3-(2-Oxo-2,9-dihydro-1,3,9-triaza-fluoren-3-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-yl]}-isoindole-1,3-dione (11): The TFA salt of9 was neutralized with tri-ethyl amine (0.245mL, 1.762mmol) in CH3CN (10mL) and treated with bromide10 (0.148g, 0.528mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature. After 3 days, the solution was concentrated and the crude material was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane).to give 11 (0.08g). LCMS (EI)m/z 456.1 (M+H)+.
    Figure imgb0348
  • {4-[3-(2-Oxo-2,9-dihydro-1,3,9-triaza-fluoren-3-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-yl]}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (12): To a solution of 11 (0.08g, 0.176mmol) in ethanol (8mL) was added excess hydrazine (0.1mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 3h, then heated to 50°C for another 3h. The solution was concentrated and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (3mL) and water (3mL). Then was added Boc2O (0.384g, 1.76mmol) and K2CO3 (.1g, 0.7mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between ethyl acetate (30mL) and brine (30mL). Organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was back extract with ethyl acetate (4x10mL). All organic layers were combined together, dried (anhydrous Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford12. LCMS (EI)m/z 426 (M+H) .1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.93 (1H, s), 7.71 (2H, dd), 7.38 (1H, t), 7.20 (1H, t), 5.67 (1H, bt), 4.75 (1H, m), 3.29 (1H, t), 3.20 (2H, d), 3.10 (1H, d), 2.60 (4H, m), 2.23 (1H, q), 1.90 (1H, m), 1.62 (4H, bs), 1.43 (9H, s).
    Figure imgb0349
  • Guanidine intermediate 13: TFA (1mL) was added to a solution of12 (40mg) in dichloromethane (4mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 1h. The solution was evaporated under reduced pressure and co-evaporated with dichloromethane (3x3mL). This TFA salt was treated with 0.6N HCl (2mL). After 2h, this solution was lyophilized. LCMS (EI)m/z 325.8 (M+H)+.1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O): δ 8.65 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, d), 7.37 (1H, dd), 7.28 (1H, t), 7.22 (1H, t), 5.15 (1H, m), 4.05 (1H, d), 4.01 (1H, t), 3.60 (1H, t), 3.30 (3H, m), 3.00 (2H, t), 2.98 (1H, m), 2.54 (1H, m), 1.80 (2H, m), 1.72 (2H, m). To a mixture of this hydrochloride salt (0.03g, 0.0753mmol) was and (tert-Butoxycarbonylimino-pyrazol-1-yl-methyl)-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester, 15 (0.035g, 0.113mmol) was added DMF (2mL) followed by Hunig's base (0.131mL, 0.753mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2h and then diluted with ethyl acetate (30mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine (3x20mL), dried (anhydrous Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (10% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford13 (30mg) as white solid. LCMS (EI)m/z 568.2 (M+H)+.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.97 (1H, s), 8.41 (1H, bt), 7.67 (2H, dd), 7.36 (1H, t), 7.18 (1H, t), 5.67 (1H, m), 3.51 (2H, q), 3.32 (1H, q), 3.15 (1H, d), 2.63 (4H, m), 2.10 (1H, m), 1.99 (1H, m), 1.70 (4H, m), 1.48 (9H, s), 1.47 (9H, s).
    Figure imgb0350
  • N-{4-[3-(2-Oxo-2,9-dihydro-1,3,9-triaza-fluoren-3-yl)-pyrrolidine-1-yl]-butyl}-guanidine (14): To a solution of compound13 (0.028g) in dichloromethane (4mL) was added TFA (2mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. After that the solution was concentrated and co -evaporated with dichloromcthanc (3x4mL), dried under vacuum and dissolved in 0.6N HCl (2mL) and lyophilized to afford pure14 as hydrochloride salt (0.028g). LCMS (EI)m/z 368.2 (M+H)+.1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O): δ 8.67 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, d), 7.32 (1H, dd), 7.29 (1H, t), 7.20 (1H, t), 5.14 (1H, m), 4.14 (1H, d), 3.93 (1H, t), 3.50 (1H, t), 3.24 (2H, m), 3.16 (2H, t), 2.70 (1H, m), 2.67 (1H, m), 2.65 (1H, m), 1.70 (2H, m), 1.57 (2H, m).
    • Example 6 - Synthesis of Compound 602
  • Figure imgb0351
  • (3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-[4-(2-oxo-2,10-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-benzyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (5). To a mixture of 2-iodo-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (1,1.21 g, 5 mmol), 1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamine (2, 0.67 g, 5 mmol) and ethanol (30 mL) was added a solution of sodium methoxide (10 mL, 0.5 M in methanol, 5 mmol). The resulted mixture was refluxed for 3h and concentrated to afford 3-iodo-10H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one (3). A mixture of (3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propyl)-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (4, 490 mg, 1 mmol),3 (311 mg, 1 mmol), K2CO2 (414 g, 3 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0) (41 mg, 0.05 mmol), ethanol (6 mL), dioxane (2 mL) and water (2 mL) was degassed and heated at 80 °C for 20 h under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (500 mL), washed with water (300 mL) and brine (300 mL). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (0% - 6% MeOH in methanechloride) to give desired product5 (170 mg, 31%) as light yellow solid. LCMS (EI) m/z: 570 (M+Na+).
  • 3-{4-[(3-Amino-propylamino)-methyl]-phenyl}-10H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one hydrochloride salt (601): Compound5 (170 mg, 0.31 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (5 mL), TFA (1 mL) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (150 mg, 100%).1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 7.69 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.25 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 348.1 (M+H+).
  • N-[3-[4-(2-Oxo-2,10-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-benzylamino]-propyl}-guanidine hydrochloride salt (602): To a mixture of RX-6817 (110 mg, 0.16 mmol), Hunig's base (720 mg, 5.8 mmol) and acetonitrile (10 mL) was addedN,N-bis-Boc-1-guanylpyrazole (50 mg, 0.16 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3). The organic solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (2N NH3 in methanol/ CH2Cl2, 0-10%) to give the guandylated product 7 as white solid (60 mg) which was dissolved in 3 mL of CH2Cl2 and 1 mL of TFA was added. The resulted mixture was stirred overnight and concentrated. 3 mL of 0.6 N HCl and 2 mL of acetonitrile were added and stirred for 0.5 h, concentrated to aca. 3 mL and lyophilized to give the title compound (40 mg).1NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD): δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 7.68 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.20 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H). LCMS (EI) m/z: 390.1 (M+H).
    • Example 7 - Antimicrobial activity
  • The compounds of the present invention were tested for antimicrobial activity. These data are presented in Table 2. The compounds were run againstEschericia coli strain ATCC25922 using a standard microdilution assay to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data is presented whereby a "+" indicates that the compound has an MIC value of 16 micrograms/ml or less and a "-" indicates that the compound has an MIC value greater than 16 micrograms/ml. A "N/A" means that data is unavailable. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that the compounds can be assessed against other bacterial organisms and that the presentation of data for activity againstEschericia coli is illustrative and in no way is intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention can be assayed against a range of other microorganisms depending upon the performance activity desired to be gathered. Furthermore, the "+", "-", and "N/A" representation and the selection of a cutoff value of 16 micrograms/ml is also illustrative and in no way is intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, a "-" is not meant to indicate that the compound necessarily lacks activity or utility, but rather that its MIC value against the indicated microorganism is greater than 16 micrograms/ml.Table 2.
    Compound NumberE. coli ATCC25922 MIC
    142-
    152-
    154-
    169-
    179-
    180-
    181-
    182-
    183-
    184+
    192-
    193-
    194+
    195-
    196+
    197+
    198+
    200+
    201+
    203+
    204+
    206+
    216-
    217+
    218-
    219+
    220+
    221+
    224+
    225+
    226-
    227+
    228+
    229+
    230-
    231+
    232+
    233+
    234+
    235+
    236+
    237+
    240-
    241+
    245-
    250-
    253-
    254-
    258+
    261-
    262-
    263+
    264-
    272-
    279-
    280-
    288-
    289-
    292-
    293-
    296-
    298-
    306-
    309-
    310-
    318-
    333-
    335-
    498-
    506-
    507+
    508-
    511-
    542-
    559-
    560-
    561-
    562-
    563-
    564+
    565-
    566-
    567-
    571-
    572-
    580-
    581-
    586-
    587-
    590-
    591-
    596-
    597-
    600-
    601-
    602+
    609-
    610-
    611-
    612-
    613-
    616+
    617-
    618-
    620-
    621-
    622-
    623-
    624+
    625-
    626-
    628-
    629+
    630-
    631-
    632-
    633-
    634+
    635+
    636
    637-
    640+
    644+
    645+
    646-
    647-
    648+
    649+
    650+
    653-
    654-
    655+
    661-
    662-
    663-
    665+
    666-
    668-
    670-
    673-
    677+
    678+
    679-
    682+
    683+
    684-
    687+
    688+
    692-
    693+
    697+
    698-
    699-
    700
    701-
    702+
    703-
    704-
    705+
    706+
    709-
    711+
    713+
    716-
    717-
    719+
    720+
    721-
    722+
    723-
    724+
    725+
    726+
    727+
    728+
    734
    736+
    737-
    742+
    743-
    744-
    745+
    746-
    755+
    756+
    757+
    758+
    759+
    760+
    761+
    762-
    764-
    766+
    767+
    768+
    769+
    770+
    771+
    772+
    773+
    775+
    778+
    784
    785-
    786+
    787+
    788+
    789+
    790+
    791-
    796+
    797+
    799-
    800-
    801+
    802+
    803+
    804+
    805+
    806+
    807+
    808+
    809-
    810-
    813-
    814+
    815+
    816+
    817+
    819+
    820+
    821+
    822+
    823+
    824-
    825-
    826-
    827-
    828+
    829-
    830-
    831+
    834+
    835+
    836+
    837+
    838+
    839+
    840+
    841+
    842+
    843+
    844+
    845+
    846+
    847-
    848+
    849+
    850+
    851+
    852+
    853+
    854+
    855+
    856+
    857+
    860-
    861-
    862+
    863-
    864-
    865+
    866+
    867+
    871+
    872+
    873+
    874-
    875+
    876-
    877-
    878+
    879+
    880-
    881+
    882-
    883-
    884-
    885-
    886-
    887-
    892+
    893+
    894-
    895+
    896-
    897+
    898-
    899+
    900-
    901-
    902-
    905-
    906-
    907+
    910-
    911-
    912-
    913+
    914-
    915+
    918+
    922+
    923+
    924+
    925-
    926+
    927-
    928+
    930+
    931-
    932-
    933-
    934+
    935-
    936-
    937+
    939-
    940+
    943+
    944+
    945-
    946-
    947-
    948-
    949+
    951-
    952-
    957+
    958+
    959-
    960+
    961-
    962-
    963+
    964-
    965-
    966+
    967+
    968-
    969+
    970+
    971+
    974-
    975-
    977+
    978+
    979+
    980+
    981+
    982+
    983-
    984+
    985-
    986-
    987-
    988+
    989+
    990+
    991+
    992+
    994+
    995+
    996+
    997+
    998+
    999-
    1000-
    1001-
    1002-
    1003+
    1004+
    1005+
    1009+
    1010+
    1011+
    1012+
    1013+
    1015+
    1017+
    1018+
    1019+
    1020-
    1021-
    1022-
    1023+
    1024+
    1027+
    1028+
    1029+
    1034-
    1035-
    1036-
    1037-
    1038-
    1039-
    1040+
    1043+
    1044+
    1045+
    1046+
    1047+
    1048+
    1049+
    1050+
    1051-
    1052-
    1053-
    1054-
    1057+
    1059+
    1060+
    1061+
    1062-
    1063-
    1064-
    1065-
    1066-
    1067-
    1068+
    1069+
    1074+
    1075+
    1076+
    1077+
    1078-
    1079-
    1080-
    1081-
    1085-
    1087-
    1088
    1089-
    1090+
    1091-
    1092-
    1093+
    1094-
    1095-
    1097-
    1098-
    1099-
    1100-
    1101-
    1102+
    1103+
    1104+
    1105-
    1106-
    1107-
    1108+
    1109-
    1110-
    1111-
    1112-
    1113-
    1114+
    1115-
    1116-
    1117-
    1118+
    1119+
    1120-
    1121-
    1122+
    1123-
    1124-
    1125-
    1126-
    1127-
    1128-
    1129-
    1130+
    1131-
    1132-
    1136-
    1137-
    1138+
    1139-
    1140-
    1141-
    1142-
    1143-
    1144-
    1148-
    1149-
    1150-
    1151-
    1152-
    1153-
    1154+
    1155-
    1156-
    1157-
    1158-
    1159+
    1160-
    1161+
    1162+
    1163+
    1164+
    1165-
    1166-
    1167-
    1168-
    1169-
    1170-
    1171+
    1172+
    1173-
    1174-
    1175+
    1176+
    1177-
    1178+
    1179+
    1180+
    1181+
    1182-
    1183-
    1184-
    1185+
    1186+
    1187-
    1188-
    1189+
    1190-
    1191-
    1194-
    1195-
    1196-
    1199+
    1200-
    1201+
    1202-
    1203-
    1204-
    1205-
    1206-
    1207-
    1208-
    1209-
    1210+
    1211+
    1214+
    1215-
    1216+
    1217+
    1218+
    1219-
    1220-
    1221+
    1222-
    1223-
    1224-
    1225-
    1226+
    1227+
    1228+
    1229+
    1230+
    1231-
    1232-
    1233+
    1239-
    1240+
    1241-
    1242+
    1243+
    1245+
    1246+
    1247+
    1248-
    1249-
    1250-
    1251+
    1252+
    1253-
    1254-
    1255+
    1256+
    1257-
    1258-
    1259+
    1260-
    1261+
    1262-
    1263+
    1264+
    1265-
    1266+
    1267+
    1268+
    1272+
    1273+
    1274-
    1275+
    1276+
    1277-
    1278-
    1279+
    1280+
    1281+
    1282-
    1284-
    1285+
    1286+
    1287-
    1288-
    1289-
    1290+
    1292+
    1293+
    1298-
    1299-
    1300-
    1301-
    1306+
    1307-
    1309+
    1310+
    1316+
    1324-
    1325+
    1326+
    1327+
    1328+
    1329-
    1330+
    1334+
    1335+
    1336+
    1342-
    1343+
    1344+
    1349+
    1350+
    1351-
    1352+
    1359+
    1360+
    1361+
    1365+
    1366+
    1367+
    1371-
    1372+
    1373+
    1374+
    1379+
    1380+
    1381+
    1390+
    1391+
    1392+
    1393+
    1397+
    1398+
    1399+
    1400+
    1404-
    1405+
    1406+
    1408-
    1410+
    1411+
    1412+
    1413+
    1414+
    1415+
    1416+
    1417+
    1418+
    1422+
    1423+
    1428-
    1431+
    1432+
    1433+
    1434+
    1435-
    1436-
    1437+
    1438+
    1439+
    1440+
    1442+
    1443-
    1444-
    1446+
    1447+
    1448+
    1451+
    1452+
    1453+
    1455+
    1456+
    1457-
    1458+
    1459+
    1460+
    1461+
    1462+
    1463+
    2000a+
    2001a-
    2002a-
    2003a-
    2004a-
    2005a+
    2006a+
    2007a+
    2008a+
    2009a+
    2010a+
    2011a+
    2012a-
    2013a+
    2014a+
    2015a+
    2016a+
    2017a+
    2018a+
    2019a+
    2020a+
    2021a-
    2022a-
    2023a-
    2024a+
    2025a+
    2026a+
    2027a+
    2028a-
    2029a+
    2030a+
    2031a-
    2032a-
    2033a+
    2034a+
    2035a-
    2036a+
    2037a-
    2038a+
    2039a+
    2040a+
    2041a+
    2042a+
    2043a+
    2044a+
    2045a+
    2046a+
    2047a+
    2048a+
    2049a+
    2050a+
    2051a+
    2052a+
    2053a+
    2054a+
    2055a+
    2056a-
    2057a-
    2058a+
    2059a+
    2060a+
    2061a+
    2062a+
    2063a-
    2064a+
    2065a+
    2066a+
    2067a+
    2068a+
    2069a+
    2070a+
    2071a+
    2072a+
    2073a+
    2074a+
    2075a+
    2076a+
    2077a+
    2078a+
    2079a+
    2080a-
    2081a+
    2082a+
    2083a+
    2084a+
    2085a+
    2086a+
    2087a+
    2088a+
    2089a+
    2090a+
    2091a+
    2092a+
    2093a+
    • INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
  • The entire disclosure of each of the patent documents and scientific articles referred to herein is incorporated by reference for all purposes.
    • EQUIVALENTS
  • The invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative rather than limiting on the invention described herein. Scope of the invention is thus indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
  • The present disclosure will now be further defined in the following paragraphs:
    1. 1. A compound having the formula:
      Figure imgb0352
      Figure imgb0353
      • wherein -G-H-J alternatively is selected from
        Figure imgb0354
      • wherein each H and J are independently selected,
      • C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are chemical moieties, wherein
      • A, D and G are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        • (a) a single bond, (b) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (d) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
          1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O- S(O)p, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
          2. ii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
          3. iii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with-(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
        • (e) -O-, (f) -NR6-, (g) -S(O)p-, (h) -C(O)-, (i) -C(O)O-, (j) -OC(O)-, k)-OC(O)O-, (1) -C(O)NR6-, (m) -NR6CO-, (n) -NR6C(O)NR6-, (o) -C(=NR6)-, (p) -C(=NR6)O-, (q) -OC(=NR6)-, (r) -C(=NR6)NR6-, (s) -NR6C(=NR6)-, (t)-C(=S)-, (u) -C(=S)NR6-, (v) -NR6C(=S)-, (w) -C(O)S-, (x) -SC(O)-, (y)-OC(=S)-, (z) -C(=S)O-, (aa) -NR6(CNR6)NR6-, (bb) -CR6R6C(O)-, (cc)-C(O)NR6(CR6R6)t-, (dd) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
        • (ee) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and
        • (ff) -(CR6R6)t-,
      • wherein (dd) or (ee) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
      • B, E, and H are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        1. (a) a single bond,
        2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
        3. (c) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
      • wherein (b) or (c) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
        • (d) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (e) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (f) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
          1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -0-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and-NR6S(O)pNR6-,
          2. ii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
          3. iii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with-(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
        • and (g) -(CR6R6)t-,
      • C, F, and J are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        (a) hydrogen, (c) F, (d) Cl, (e) Br, (f) I, (g) -CF3, (h) -CN, (i) -N3 (j) -NO2, (k)-NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (1) -OR8, (m) -S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (n) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (o)-OC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (p) -SC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (q) -C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (r)-NR6C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (s) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (t) -C(=NR6)(CR6R6)tR8, (u)-C(=NOR8)(CR6R6)tR8, (x) -NR6C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (y) -OC(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (z) NR6C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (aa) -NR6S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (bb)-S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (cc) -NR6S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (dd) -NR6R8, (ee)-NR6(CR6R6)R8, (ff) -OH, (gg) -NR8R8, (hh) -OCH3, (ii) -S(O)pR8, (jj)-NC(O)R8, (kk) -NR6C(NR6)NR6R8, (11) a C1-8 alkyl group, (mm) a C2-8 alkenyl group, (nn) a C2-8alkynyl group, (oo) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (pp) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (qq) -(CR6R6)tNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (rr)-N[(CR6R6)tR8][C=O(CR6R6)tR8], (ss) -(CR6R6)tN[(CR6R6)tR8][(CR6R6)tR8], (tt)-(CR6R6)tNR6(C=O)(CR6R6)tR8, (uu) -haloalkyl, (vv) -C(O)(CR6)[(CR6R6)tR8]R8, (ww) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (xx) -(CR6R6)tC(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (yy)-NR6C(O)CR8R8R8, (zz) -N[(CR6R6)tR8]C(O)R8, and (aaa) -S(O)pNR8R8;
      • wherein (11) through (pp) is optionally substituted with one or more R7 groups;
      • R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR8, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle
        wherein (m) through (r) and (t) through (u) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
      • R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
      • wherein (b) through (e) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
      • R7 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -NR6R8, (t) -OR8, (u) -(CR6R6)tNR6R8, (v)-CR6R8R8, (w) -SR6, (x) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (y) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (z) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (aa) -S(O)pR8, (bb) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (cc) -NR6C(O)R6, and (dd) -C(=NR6)NR6R6;
        wherein (m) through (q) and (x) through (y) are optionally substituted with one or more R9;
      • R8 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R9, (k) -OR9, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (s) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (t) -haloalkyl, (u) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (v) -SR6, (w) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (x)-NR6C(O)NR6R9, (y)-NR6C(O)R9, (z) -NR6(CNR9)(NR6R6), (aa) -ONR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (bb) -C(=NR9)NR6R6, (cc) -S(O)pR9, (dd) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR6R9, (ee) -(CR6R6)tOR9, and (ff) -(CR6R6)tNR6R9;
        wherein (m) through (s) is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
      • R9 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R10, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n)-C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R10, (v)-C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR10, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc)-C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg)-NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R10;
        wherein (n) through (r) and (z) through (aa) is optionally substituted with one or more R10;
      • R10 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (v)-C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR6, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc)-C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg)-NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R6;
        optionally, wherein either the group -D-E-F or the group -G-H-J is absent, but both -D-E-F and -G-H-J are not simultaneously absent;
      • p is 0, 1, or 2, and
      • t is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    2. 2. The compound according to paragraph 1 having the formula:
      Figure imgb0355
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    3. 3. The compound according to paragraph 2 having the formula:
      Figure imgb0356
      wherein D and E are single bonds and F is hydrogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    4. 4. The compound according to paragraph 3, wherein
      A is selected from
      1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
      2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and
      3. (c) a single bond,
      wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
      B is selected from (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (b) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, (d) a single bond, wherein
      1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
      2. ii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
      3. iii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with-(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups, and
      C is selected from (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 and (c) hydrogen,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    5. 5. The compound according to paragraph 4, wherein
      A is selected from azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperidenyl,
      wherein any of A immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups;
      alternatively, A is a single bond;
      B is selected from (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, wherein
      1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in (a) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-,-(C=O)- , -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
      2. ii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
      3. iii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups; and
      alternatively, B is a single bond;
      C is selected from (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 and (c) hydrogen;
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    6. 6. The compound according to paragraph 5, wherein C-B-A- is selected from the group consisting of:
      hydrogen,
      Figure imgb0357
      Figure imgb0358
      Figure imgb0359
      Figure imgb0360
      Figure imgb0361
      Figure imgb0362
      Figure imgb0363
      Figure imgb0364
      Figure imgb0365
      Figure imgb0366
      Figure imgb0367
      Figure imgb0368
      Figure imgb0369
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    7. 7. The compound according to paragraph 3, wherein G is selected from
      1. (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and
      2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
      3. (c) a single bond;
      wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    8. 8. The compound according to paragraph 4, wherein R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NH2, (k) -OR6, (1)-NHC(=NH)NH2, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    9. 9. The compound according to paragraph 4, wherein R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) - haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    10. 10. The compound according to paragraph 7, wherein G is selected from azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidenyl, and a single bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    11. 11. The compound according to paragraph 10, wherein -G-H-J is selected from:
      hydrogen,
      Figure imgb0370
      Figure imgb0371
      Figure imgb0372
      Figure imgb0373
      Figure imgb0374
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    12. 12. The compound according to paragraph 11, wherein each -G-H-J is selected from:
      hydrogen,
      Figure imgb0375
      Figure imgb0376
      Figure imgb0377
      Figure imgb0378
      Figure imgb0379
      Figure imgb0380
      Figure imgb0381
      Figure imgb0382
      Figure imgb0383
      Figure imgb0384
      Figure imgb0385
      Figure imgb0386
      Figure imgb0387
      Figure imgb0388
      Figure imgb0389
      Figure imgb0390
      Figure imgb0391
      Figure imgb0392
      Figure imgb0393
      Figure imgb0394
      Figure imgb0395
      Figure imgb0396
      Figure imgb0397
      Figure imgb0398
      Figure imgb0399
      • , wherein n is 0, 1, or 2,
      • further wherein R5 is as defined in paragraph 8,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    13. 13. The compound according to any of paragraphs 1 to 12 that binds to a ribosome.
    14. 14. The compound according to paragraph 13, wherein the ribosome is a bacterial ribosome.
    15. 15. The compound according to any of the compounds in Table 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    16. 16. The pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
    17. 17. A method for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a disease state in a human or animal comprising administering to a human or animal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    18. 18. A method of treating a microbial infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    19. 19. The use of a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a microbial infection in a human or animal.
    20. 20. A method of treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection in a human or animal comprising administering to the human or animal an effective amount of a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, wherein the microbial infection is selected from the group consisting of:
      • a skin infection, a Gram positive infection, a Gram negative infection, nosocomial pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia, post-viral pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia, a respiratory tract infection such as chronic respiratory tract infection (CRTI), acute pelvic infection, a complicated skin and skin structure infection, a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) including uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTI)s and
      • complicated skin and soft tissue infections, an abdominal infection, a complicated intra-abdominal infection, a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, an atrio-ventricular shunt infection, a vascular access infection, meningitis, surgical prophylaxis, a peritoneal infection, a bone infection, a joint infection, a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus infection, a vancomycin-resistantEnterococci infection, a linezolid-resistant organism infection, a Bacillus anthracis infection, a Francisella tularensis infection, a Yersinia pestis infection, and tuberculosis.
    21. 21. The method or use according to any one of paragraphs 17-20 wherein the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, is administered otically, ophthalmically, nasally, orally, parenterally, topically, or intravenously.
    22. 22. A method of synthesizing a compound according to any of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    23. 23. A medical device containing a compound according to any one of paragraphs 1-15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
    24. 24. The medical device according to paragraph 23, wherein the device is a stent.
    25. 25. A compound having the formula:
      Figure imgb0400
      Figure imgb0401
      • wherein
        Figure imgb0402
        represents a fused 5 to 7 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system,
      • wherein T1 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T1 is N, -D-E-F is absent,
      • wherein T2 is a carbon atom or N, such that when T2 is N, -G-H-J is absent,
      • wherein both T1 and T2 are not both simultaneously N,
      • wherein V is independently selected from -CR4a- or -N-,
      • W is O, NR1, NOR1, or S, alternatively W= is selected from the combination of HO- and H- both attached to the same carbon atom or the combination of (C1-8 alkyl)O- and H-both attached to the same carbon atom;
      • X- - -Y represents a single bond or a double bond such that when X- - -Y is a single bond, X is selected from O, NR2, and S(O)n and Y is C-R3, and when X- - -Y is a double bond, X is N and Y is a carbon atom,
      • Z is selected from the group consisting of O, NR4, S(O)n, or NH,
      • R1 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
      • R2 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
      • R3 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
      • R4 is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
      • R4a is selected from H and C1-8 alkyl,
      • n is 0, 1, or 2,
      • alternatively -G-H-J is selected from
        Figure imgb0403
      • wherein each H and J are independently selected,
      • C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are chemical moieties, wherein
      • A, D and G are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        • (a) a single bond, (b) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (d) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
          1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-,-S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and-NR6S(O)pNR6-,
          2. ii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
          3. iii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with-(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
        • (e) -O-, (f) -NR6-, (g) -S(O)p-, (h) -C(O)-, (i) -C(O)O-, (j) -OC(O)-, k)-OC(O)O-, (1) -C(O)NR6-, (m) -NR6CO-, (n) -NR6C(O)NR6-, (o) -C(=NR6)-, (p) -C(=NR6)O-, (q) -OC(=NR6)-, (r) -C(=NR6)NR6-, (s) -NR6C(=NR6)-, (t)-C(=S)-, (u) -C(=S)NR6-, (v) -NR6C(=S)-, (w) -C(O)S-, (x) -SC(O)-, (y)-OC(=S)-, (z) -C(=S)O-, (aa) -NR6(CNR6)NR6-, (bb) -CR6R6C(O)-, (cc)-C(O)NR6(CR6R6)t-, (dd) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
        • (ee) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and (ff) -(CR6R6)t-,
      • wherein (dd) or (ee) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
      • B, E, and H are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        1. (a) a single bond,
        2. (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
        3. (c) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
      • wherein (b) or (c) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
        • (d) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (e) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (f) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
          1. i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and-NR6S(O)pNR6-,
          2. ii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
          3. iii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with-(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
        • and (g) -(CR6R6)t-,
      • C, F, and J are independently selected from the group consisting of:
        (a) hydrogen, (c) F, (d) Cl, (e) Br, (f) I, (g) -CF3, (h) -CN, (i) -N3 (j) -NO2, (k)-NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (1) -OR8, (m) -S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (n) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (ο)-OC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (p) -SC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (q) -C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (r)-NR6C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (s) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (t) -C(=NR6)(CR6R6)tR8, (u)-C(=NNR6R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (v) -C(=NNR6C(O)R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (w)-C(=NOR8)(CR6R6)tR8, (x) -NR6C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (y) -OC(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (z) -NR6C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (aa) -NR6S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (bb)-S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (cc) -NR6S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (dd) -NR6R8, (ee)-NR6(CR6R6)R8, (ff) -OH, (gg) -NR8R8, (hh) -OCH3, (ii) -S(O)pR8, (jj)-NC(O)R8, (kk) -NR6C(NR6)NR6R8, (ll) a C1-8 alkyl group, (mm) a C2-8 alkenyl group, (nn) a C2-8alkynyl group, (oo) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (pp) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (qq) -(CR6R6)tNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (rr)-N[(CR6R6)tR8][C=O(CR6R6)tR8], (ss) -(CR6R6)tN[(CR6R6)tR8][(CR6R6)tR8], (tt)-(CR6R6)tNR6(C=O)(CR6R6)tR8, (uu) -haloalkyl, (vv) -C(O)(CR6)[(CR6R6)tR8]R8, (ww) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (xx) -(CR6R6)tC(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (yy)-NR6C(O)CR8R8R8, (zz) -N[(CR6R6)tR8]C(O)R8, and (aaa) -S(O)pNR8R8;
      • wherein (ll) through (pp) is optionally substituted with one or more R7 groups;
      • R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR8, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle;
        wherein (m) through (r) and (t) through (u) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
      • R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
      • wherein (b) through (e) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
      • R7 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -NR6R8, (t) -OR8, (u) -(CR6R6)tNR6R8, (v)-CR6R8R8, (w) -SR6, (x) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (y) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (z) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (aa) -S(O)pR8, (bb) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (cc) -NR6C(O)R6, and (dd) -C(=NR6)NR6R6;
        wherein (m) through (q) and (x) through (y) are optionally substituted with one or more R9;
      • R8 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R9, (k) -OR9, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (s) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (t) -haloalkyl, (u) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (v) -SR6, (w) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (x)-NR6C(O)NR6R9, (y)-NR6C(O)R9, (z) -NR6(CNR9)(NR6R6), (aa) -ONR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (bb) -C(=NR9)NR6R6, (cc) -S(O)pR9, (dd) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR6R9, (ee) -(CR6R6)tOR9, and (ff) -(CR6R6)tNR6R9;
        wherein (m) through (s) is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
      • R9 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R10, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n)-C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R10, (v)-C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR10, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc)-C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg)-NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R10;
        wherein (n) through (r) and (z) through (aa) is optionally substituted with one or more R10;
      • R10 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (1) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C1-8 alkenyl, (p) -C1-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (v)-C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR6, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc)-C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg)-NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R6;
        optionally, wherein either the group -D-E-F or the group -G-H-J is absent, but both -D-E-F and -G-H-J are not simultaneously absent;
      • p is 0, 1, or 2, and
      • t is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
      or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.

Claims (15)

  1. A compound having the formula:
    Figure imgb0404
    wherein -G-H-J alternatively is selected from
    Figure imgb0405
    wherein each H and J are independently selected,
    C-B-A-, -D-E-F, and -G-H-J are chemical moieties, wherein
    A, D and G are independently selected from the group consisting of:
    (a) a single bond, (b) -(C1-8 alkyl)- , (c) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (d) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
    i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, S(O)p, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    ii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
    iii) any of (b)-(d) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
    (e) -O-, (f) -NR6-, (g) -S(O)p-, (h) -C(O)-, (i) -C(O)O-, (j) -OC(O)-, k) -OC(O)O-, (l) -C(O)NR6-, (m) -NR6CO-, (n) -NR6C(O)NR6-, (o) -C(=NR6)-, (p) -C(=NR6)O-, (q) -OC(=NR6)-, (r) -C(=NR6)NR6-, (s) -NR6C(=NR6)-, (t) -C(=S)-, (u) -C(=S)NR6-, (v) -NR6C(=S)-, (w) -C(O)S-, (x) -SC(O)-, (y) -OC(=S)-, (z) -C(=S)O-, (aa) -NR6(CNR6)NR6-, (bb) -CR6R6C(O)-, (cc) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)t-, (dd) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (ee) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and
    (ff) -(CR6R6)t-,
    wherein (dd) or (ee) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    B, E, and H are independently selected from the group consisting of:
    (a) a single bond,
    (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    (c) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
    wherein (b) or (c) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    (d) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (e) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (f) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, wherein
    i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, -NR6S(O)p-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    ii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
    iii) any of (d)-(f) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups;
    and (g) -(CR6R6)t-,
    C, F, and J are independently selected from the group consisting of:
    (a) hydrogen, (c) F, (d) Cl, (e) Br, (f) I, (g) -CF3, (h) -CN, (i) -N3 (j) -NO2, (k) -NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (l) -OR8, (m) -S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8, (n) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (o) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (p) -SC(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (q) -C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (r) -NR6C(O)(CR6R6)tR8, (s) -C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (t) -C(=NR6)(CR6R6)tR8, (u) -C(=NNR6R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (v) -C(=NNR6C(O)R6)(CR6R6)tR8, (w) -C(=NOR8)(CR6R6)tR8, (x) -NR6C(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (y) -OC(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (z) -NR6C(O)NR6(CR6R6)tR8, (aa) -NR6S(O)p(CR6R6)tR8,
    (bb) -S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (cc) -NR6S(O)pNR6(CR6R6)tR8, (dd) -NR6R8, (ee) -NR6(CR6R6)R8, (ff) -OH, (gg) -NR8R8, (hh) -OCH3, (ii) -S(O)pR8,
    (jj) -NC(O)R8, (kk) -NR6C(NR6)NR6R8, (ll) a C1-8 alkyl group, (mm) a C2-8 alkenyl group, (nn) a C2-8alkynyl group, (oo) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (pp) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (qq) -(CR6R6)tNR6(CR6R6)tR8,
    (rr) -N[(CR6R6)tR8][C=O(CR6R6)tR8], (ss) -(CR6R6)tN[(CR6R6)tR8][(CR6R6)tR8], (tt) -(CR6R6)tNR6(C=O)(CR6R6)tR8, (uu) -haloalkyl,
    (vv) -C(O)(CR6)[(CR6R6)tR8]R8, (ww) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8,
    (xx) -(CR6R6)tC(O)O(CR6R6)tR8, (yy) -NR6C(O)CR8R8R8,
    (zz) -N[(CR6R6)tR8]C(O)R8, and (aaa) -S(O)pNR8R8;
    wherein (ll) through (pp) is optionally substituted with one or more R7 groups;
    R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR8, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C2-8 alkenyl, (o) -C2-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle
    wherein (m) through (r) and (t) through (u) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle;
    wherein (b) through (e) is optionally substituted with one or more R8;
    R7 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C2-8 alkenyl, (o) -C2-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -NR6R8, (t) -OR8, (u) -(CR6R6)tNR6R8, (v) -CR6R8R8, (w) -SR6, (x) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (y) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (z) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR8R8, (aa) -S(O)pR8, (bb) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (cc) -NR6C(O)R6, and (dd) -C(=NR6)NR6R6;
    wherein (m) through (q) and (x) through (y) are optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    R8 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R9, (k) -OR9, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C2-8 alkenyl, (o) -C2-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (s) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (t) -haloalkyl, (u) -C(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (v) -SR6, (w) -OC(O)(CR6R6)tR9, (x) -NR6C(O)NR6R9, (y)-NR6C(O)R9, (z) -NR6(CNR9)(NR6R6), (aa) -ONR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (bb) -C(=NR9)NR6R6, (cc) -S(O)pR9, (dd) -(CR6R6)tC(O)NR6R9, (ee) -(CR6R6)tOR9, and (ff) -(CR6R6)tNR6R9;
    wherein (m) through (s) is optionally substituted with one or more R9;
    R9 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R10, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C2-8 alkenyl, (p) -C2-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R10, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR10, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R10;
    wherein (n) through (r) and (z) through (aa) is optionally substituted with one or more R10;
    R10 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NR6R6, (k) -OR6, (l) -NR6(CNR6)NR6R6, (m) -C(O)(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (n) -C1-8 alkyl, (o) -C2-8 alkenyl, (p) -C2-8 alkynyl, (q) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, (r) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, (s) -haloalkyl, (t) -(CR6R6)tOR6, (u) -O(CR6R6)tNR6R6, (v) -C(O)R6, (w) -SR6, (x) -C(O)OR6, (y) -S(O)pR6, (z) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (aa) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (bb) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (cc) -C(=NR6)NR6R6, (dd) -ONR6R6, (ee) -NR6C(O)NR6R6, (ff) -O(CR6R6)tOR6, (gg) -NR6C(O)R6, and (hh) -(CR6R6)tNR6R6;
    optionally, wherein either the group -D-E-F or the group -G-H-J is absent, but both -D-E-F and -G-H-J are not simultaneously absent;
    p is 0, 1, or 2, and
    t is 0, 1, 2, or 3,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  2. The compound according to Claim 1, wherein
    A is selected from
    (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur,
    (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle, and
    (c) a single bond,
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups;
    B is selected from (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, (b) -(C2-8 alkenyl)-, (c) -(C2-8 alkynyl)-, (d) a single bond, wherein
    i) 0-4 carbon atoms in any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)-, -C(=NR6)-, -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    ii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
    iii) any of (a)-(c) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups, and
    C is selected from (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 and (c) hydrogen,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  3. The compound according to Claim 2, wherein
    A is selected from azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and piperidenyl,
    wherein any of A immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups; alternatively, A is a single bond;
    B is selected from (a) -(C1-8 alkyl)-, wherein
    i) 0-4 carbon atoms in (a) immediately above optionally is replaced by a moiety selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S(O)p-, -NR6-, -(C=O)- , -S(O)pNR6-, and -NR6S(O)pNR6-,
    ii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with one or more R5 groups, and
    iii) (a) immediately above optionally is substituted with -(C1-8 alkyl)-R5 groups; and
    alternatively, B is a single bond;
    C is selected from (a) NH2, (b) -NHC(=NH)NH2 and (c) hydrogen;
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  4. The compound according to Claim 3, wherein C-B-A- is selected from the group consisting of:
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0406
    Figure imgb0407
    Figure imgb0408
    Figure imgb0409
    Figure imgb0410
    Figure imgb0411
    Figure imgb0412
    Figure imgb0413
    Figure imgb0414
    Figure imgb0415
    Figure imgb0416
    Figure imgb0417
    Figure imgb0418
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  5. The compound according to Claim 1, wherein G is selected from
    (a) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and
    (b) a 3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle,
    (c) a single bond;
    wherein (a) or (b) is optionally substituted with one or more R5 groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  6. The compound according to Claim 2, wherein R5 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) F, (c) Cl, (d) Br, (e) I, (f) -CF3, (g) -CN, (h) -N3 (i) -NO2, (j) -NH2, (k) -OR6, (l)-NHC(=NH)NH2, (m) -C1-8 alkyl, (n) -C1-8 alkenyl, (o) -C1-8 alkynyl, (p) -(C1-8 alkyl) -(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur), (q) -(C1-8 alkyl)-(3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle), (r) -haloalkyl, (s) -SR6, (t) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (u) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; alternatively, two R5 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  7. The compound according to Claim 2, wherein R6 is selected from (a) hydrogen, (b) -C1-8 alkyl or alternatively two R6 groups are taken together to form a carbocycle, (c) -haloalkyl, (d) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocycle containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and (e) -3-14 member saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocycle; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  8. The compound according to Claim 5, wherein G is selected from azepanyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, pyridyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, dihydropyridyl, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperidenyl, and a single bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  9. The compound according to Claim 8, wherein -G-H-J is selected from:
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0419
    Figure imgb0420
    Figure imgb0421
    Figure imgb0422
    Figure imgb0423
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  10. The compound according to Claim 9, wherein each -G-H-J is selected from:
    hydrogen,
    Figure imgb0424
    Figure imgb0425
    Figure imgb0426
    Figure imgb0427
    Figure imgb0428
    Figure imgb0429
    Figure imgb0430
    Figure imgb0431
    Figure imgb0432
    Figure imgb0433
    Figure imgb0434
    Figure imgb0435
    Figure imgb0436
    Figure imgb0437
    Figure imgb0438
    Figure imgb0439
    Figure imgb0440
    Figure imgb0441
    Figure imgb0442
    Figure imgb0443
    Figure imgb0444
    Figure imgb0445
    Figure imgb0446
    Figure imgb0447
    Figure imgb0448
    , wherein n is 0, 1, or 2,
    further wherein R5 is as defined in Claim 6,
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof.
  11. A compound according to claim 1, selected from the group consisting of:Comp. No.Structure506
    Figure imgb0449
    563
    Figure imgb0450
    564
    Figure imgb0451
    565
    Figure imgb0452
    566
    Figure imgb0453
    567
    Figure imgb0454
    571
    Figure imgb0455
    572
    Figure imgb0456
    616
    Figure imgb0457
    617
    Figure imgb0458
    618
    Figure imgb0459
    631
    Figure imgb0460
    632
    Figure imgb0461
    635
    Figure imgb0462
    640
    Figure imgb0463
    648
    Figure imgb0464
    649
    Figure imgb0465
    650
    Figure imgb0466
    653
    Figure imgb0467
    654
    Figure imgb0468
    668
    Figure imgb0469
    670
    Figure imgb0470
    673
    Figure imgb0471
    682
    Figure imgb0472
    683
    Figure imgb0473
    684
    Figure imgb0474
    692
    Figure imgb0475
    693
    Figure imgb0476
    698
    Figure imgb0477
    699
    Figure imgb0478
    700
    Figure imgb0479
    701
    Figure imgb0480
    702
    Figure imgb0481
    703
    Figure imgb0482
    704
    Figure imgb0483
    705
    Figure imgb0484
    706
    Figure imgb0485
    713
    Figure imgb0486
    716
    Figure imgb0487
    717
    Figure imgb0488
    720
    Figure imgb0489
    721
    Figure imgb0490
    722
    Figure imgb0491
    723
    Figure imgb0492
    724
    Figure imgb0493
    736
    Figure imgb0494
    737
    Figure imgb0495
    742
    Figure imgb0496
    743
    Figure imgb0497
    744
    Figure imgb0498
    745
    Figure imgb0499
    746
    Figure imgb0500
    762
    Figure imgb0501
    766
    Figure imgb0502
    771
    Figure imgb0503
    772
    Figure imgb0504
    773
    Figure imgb0505
    778
    Figure imgb0506
    788
    Figure imgb0507
    789
    Figure imgb0508
    790
    Figure imgb0509
    Figure imgb0510
    791
    Figure imgb0511
    799
    Figure imgb0512
    800
    Figure imgb0513
    Figure imgb0514
    808
    Figure imgb0515
    Figure imgb0516
    809
    Figure imgb0517
    Figure imgb0518
    810
    Figure imgb0519
    813
    Figure imgb0520
    819
    Figure imgb0521
    Figure imgb0522
    820
    Figure imgb0523
    Figure imgb0524
    821
    Figure imgb0525
    Figure imgb0526
    822
    Figure imgb0527
    Figure imgb0528
    824
    Figure imgb0529
    Figure imgb0530
    825
    Figure imgb0531
    Figure imgb0532
    826
    Figure imgb0533
    Figure imgb0534
    827
    Figure imgb0535
    828
    Figure imgb0536
    Figure imgb0537
    829
    Figure imgb0538
    847
    Figure imgb0539
    Figure imgb0540
    848
    Figure imgb0541
    Figure imgb0542
    882
    Figure imgb0543
    883
    Figure imgb0544
    885
    Figure imgb0545
    886
    Figure imgb0546
    900
    Figure imgb0547
    901
    Figure imgb0548
    902
    Figure imgb0549
    927
    Figure imgb0550
    928
    Figure imgb0551
    Figure imgb0552
    931
    Figure imgb0553
    Figure imgb0554
    932
    Figure imgb0555
    952
    Figure imgb0556
    965
    Figure imgb0557
    974
    Figure imgb0558
    Figure imgb0559
    975
    Figure imgb0560
    Figure imgb0561
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or tautomer thereof.
  12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  13. A compound according to any one of claims 1-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, for use in treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of a microbial infection in a human or animal.
  14. The compound for use according to claim 13, wherein the microbial infection is selected from the group consisting of:
    a skin infection, a Gram positive infection, a Gram negative infection, nosocomial pneumonia, community acquired pneumonia, post-viral pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia/ventilator associated pneumonia, a respiratory tract infection such as chronic respiratory tract infection (CRTI), acute pelvic infection, a complicated skin and skin structure infection, a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) including uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTI)s and complicated skin and soft tissue infections, an abdominal infection, a complicated intra-abdominal infection, a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, an atrio-ventricular shunt infection, a vascular access infection, meningitis, surgical prophylaxis, a peritoneal infection, a bone infection, a joint infection, a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus infection, a vancomycin-resistantEnterococci infection, a linezolid-resistant organism infection, a Bacillus anthracis infection, a Francisella tularensis infection, a Yersinia pestis infection, and tuberculosis.
  15. A medical device containing a compound according to any one of claims 1-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, tautomer, or prodrug thereof, preferably wherein the device is a stent.
EP18166144.8A2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the sameWithdrawnEP3406613A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
US25247809P2009-10-162009-10-16
US31428710P2010-03-162010-03-16
US35820110P2010-06-242010-06-24
PCT/US2010/052922WO2011047319A2 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
EP10824203.3AEP2488525B1 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
EP10824203.3ADivisionEP2488525B1 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same

Publications (1)

Publication NumberPublication Date
EP3406613A1true EP3406613A1 (en)2018-11-28

Family

ID=44343888

Family Applications (2)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
EP18166144.8AWithdrawnEP3406613A1 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
EP10824203.3ANot-in-forceEP2488525B1 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same

Family Applications After (1)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
EP10824203.3ANot-in-forceEP2488525B1 (en)2009-10-162010-10-15Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same

Country Status (15)

CountryLink
US (2)US9193731B2 (en)
EP (2)EP3406613A1 (en)
JP (1)JP6267863B2 (en)
KR (2)KR20190044136A (en)
CN (1)CN102712647B (en)
AU (3)AU2010306646B2 (en)
CA (1)CA2777734A1 (en)
DK (1)DK2488525T3 (en)
EA (1)EA201270566A1 (en)
ES (1)ES2675798T3 (en)
IL (2)IL219133A (en)
MX (2)MX349718B (en)
NZ (1)NZ599291A (en)
PH (1)PH12016502092A1 (en)
WO (1)WO2011047319A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
DK2488532T3 (en)2009-10-162018-08-13Melinta Therapeutics Inc ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS AND PROCEDURES FOR PREPARING AND USING THE SAME
AU2010306646B2 (en)2009-10-162016-09-01Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
US9216979B2 (en)2009-10-162015-12-22Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
BR112013026410A2 (en)2011-04-152017-06-27Melinta Therapeutics Inc antimicrobial compounds and methods of preparation and use thereof
WO2014030743A1 (en)*2012-08-242014-02-27武田薬品工業株式会社Heterocycic compound
CA2923214A1 (en)2013-09-092015-03-12Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
CA2923179A1 (en)2013-09-092015-03-12Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
WO2016028971A1 (en)2014-08-212016-02-25Bristol-Myers Squibb CompanyTied-back benzamide derivatives as potent rock inhibitors
EP3268370A4 (en)*2015-03-112018-08-22Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
TW201718581A (en)2015-10-192017-06-01英塞特公司Heterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
SG11201804152RA (en)2015-11-192018-06-28Incyte CorpHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
BR112018012756A2 (en)2015-12-222018-12-04Incyte Corp heterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
WO2017193016A1 (en)2016-05-062017-11-09Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobials and methods of making and using same
MA44860A (en)2016-05-062019-03-13Incyte Holdings Corp HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS USED AS IMMUNOMODULATORS
US10934295B2 (en)*2016-05-062021-03-02BioVersys AGAntimicrobials and methods of making and using same
JP2019516690A (en)2016-05-062019-06-20メリンタ セラピューティクス、 インコーポレイテッドＭｅｌｉｎｔａ Ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓ， Ｉｎｃ． Antimicrobial agents and methods of making and using the same
US20170342060A1 (en)2016-05-262017-11-30Incyte CorporationHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
SMT202200392T1 (en)2016-06-202022-11-18Incyte CorpHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
WO2018013789A1 (en)2016-07-142018-01-18Incyte CorporationHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
US20180057486A1 (en)2016-08-292018-03-01Incyte CorporationHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
MA47120A (en)2016-12-222021-04-28Incyte Corp PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES USED AS IMMUNOMODULATORS
AU2017382258B2 (en)2016-12-222022-07-28Incyte CorporationTetrahydro imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine derivatives as PD-L1 internalization inducers
CN110582493B (en)2016-12-222024-03-08因赛特公司Benzoxazole derivatives as immunomodulators
EP3558989B1 (en)2016-12-222021-04-14Incyte CorporationTriazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives as immunomodulators
EP3642205A1 (en)*2017-06-192020-04-29Erin M. DuffyAntimicrobials and methods of making and using same
WO2019164880A1 (en)*2018-02-212019-08-29Duffy Erin MAntimicrobials and methods of making and using same
CA3095758A1 (en)2018-03-302019-10-03Incyte CorporationHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
SI4219492T1 (en)2018-05-112025-04-30Incyte CorporationHeterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators
US12152031B2 (en)2018-06-062024-11-26BioVersys AGBiodefense agents
US20210253589A1 (en)2018-06-062021-08-19BioVersys AGAminomethylamidine and methylamidine antimicrobial compounds
JP7399116B2 (en)*2018-06-152023-12-15ガラパゴス・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ Novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of diseases
US20240239800A1 (en)*2018-12-072024-07-18BioVersys AGPyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one antimicrobial compounds
JP7665593B2 (en)2019-08-092025-04-21インサイト・コーポレイション Salts of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
BR112022005826A2 (en)2019-09-302022-06-21Incyte Corp Pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine compounds as immunomodulators
US11866451B2 (en)2019-11-112024-01-09Incyte CorporationSalts and crystalline forms of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor
AU2020384885A1 (en)*2019-11-132022-06-09Curza Global, LlcAntimicrobial compounds and methods
JP2023548859A (en)2020-11-062023-11-21インサイト・コーポレイション Process for making PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and their salts and crystalline forms
WO2022099018A1 (en)2020-11-062022-05-12Incyte CorporationProcess of preparing a pd-1/pd-l1 inhibitor
US11760756B2 (en)2020-11-062023-09-19Incyte CorporationCrystalline form of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
US4522811A (en)1982-07-081985-06-11Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.Serial injection of muramyldipeptides and liposomes enhances the anti-infective activity of muramyldipeptides
US5763263A (en)1995-11-271998-06-09Dehlinger; Peter J.Method and apparatus for producing position addressable combinatorial libraries

Family Cites Families (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
DE3446812A1 (en)*1984-12-211986-06-26Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh, 7950 Biberach NEW IMIDAZO DERIVATIVES, THEIR PRODUCTION AND MEDICINAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING THESE COMPOUNDS
JP2873340B2 (en)1988-04-291999-03-24武田薬品工業株式会社 Antibiotic TAN-1057, its production method and use
US5208141A (en)*1990-10-091993-05-04Konica CorporationSilver halide color photographic light-sensitive material
US5958930A (en)1991-04-081999-09-28Duquesne University Of The Holy GhostPyrrolo pyrimidine and furo pyrimidine derivatives
ATE206406T1 (en)*1993-05-122001-10-15Du Pont FUNGICIDAL CONDENSED BIZYCLIC PYRIMIDINONES
GB9708611D0 (en)1997-04-281997-06-18Univ CardiffChemical compounds
CA2297055A1 (en)1997-08-071999-02-18Research Corporation Technologies, Inc.Antibiotic for methicillin resistant bacteria
DE19838998A1 (en)1998-08-272000-03-09Bayer Ag New natural product derivatives
EP1113008A1 (en)1999-12-292001-07-04Pfizer Products Inc.4-oxo-2-ureido-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidine derivatives useful as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents
KR100358083B1 (en)2000-02-172002-10-25에스케이케미칼주식회사Pyrrolopyrimidinone derivatives, process of preparation and use
DE10061541A1 (en)2000-12-112002-06-20Bayer AgNew arylamino-substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, useful as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with strong activity against Gram positive bacteria
DE10061542A1 (en)2000-12-112002-06-13Bayer AgNew alkanoylamino-pyrimidine derivatives used as antibacterial agents, especially for prevention and control of Staphylococcal infections
DE10061538A1 (en)2000-12-112002-06-20Bayer AgNew ureido-substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, useful as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with strong activity against Gram positive bacteria
DE10061537A1 (en)2000-12-112002-06-20Bayer AgNew beta-alanylamino-substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives, useful as antibacterial agents with strong activity against Gram positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
US6900215B2 (en)*2000-12-152005-05-31Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd.Imidazo-pyrimidine derivatives as ligands for gaba receptors
DE10133277A1 (en)2001-07-092003-01-23Bayer AgNew 2,5-diamino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-pyrimidinone derivatives useful for treating bacterial infections
DE10141271A1 (en)2001-08-232003-03-06Bayer AgNew 3,6-diamino-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-one derivatives useful as antibacterial agents
DE10208256A1 (en)2002-02-262003-09-04Bayer Ag Piperidinouracile
WO2004080466A1 (en)*2003-03-072004-09-23Ribapharm Inc.Cytidine analogs and methods of use
CA2536887C (en)2003-08-262012-03-06Teijin Pharma LimitedPyrrolopyrimidinone derivatives
NZ544187A (en)*2005-12-152008-07-31Ind Res LtdDeazapurine analogs of 1'-aza-l-nucleosides
US20100069632A1 (en)2006-07-032010-03-18Sk Chemicals Co., LtdSalts of pyrrolopyrimidinone derivatives and process for preparing the same
WO2008082440A2 (en)*2006-08-252008-07-10Emory UniversityFluorescent nucleoside analogues
KR101433621B1 (en)2006-09-072014-08-27알버트 아인슈타인 컬리지 오브 메디신 오브 예쉬바 유니버시티 Non-cyclic amine inhibitors of nucleoside phosphorylase and hydrolase
JP2008222557A (en)*2007-03-082008-09-25Kotobuki Seiyaku KkPYRROLO[3,2-d]PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME AS EFFECTIVE COMPONENT
CA2691987C (en)2007-06-122016-08-16Achaogen, Inc.Antibacterial agents
GB0724342D0 (en)*2007-12-132008-01-30Prolysis LtdAnitbacterial compositions
KR20090098710A (en)*2008-03-142009-09-17주식회사 씨티아이바이오 Peptide Nucleic Acid Derivatives with Good Cell Permeability and Nucleic Acid Binding Capacity
EP2382218A1 (en)2009-01-272011-11-02Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedDelta-5-desaturase inhibitors
WO2011045415A2 (en)2009-10-152011-04-21GuerbetNew imaging agents and their use for the diagnostic in vivo of neurodegenerative diseases, notably alzheimer's disease and derivative diseases
AU2010306646B2 (en)2009-10-162016-09-01Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
BR112013026410A2 (en)2011-04-152017-06-27Melinta Therapeutics Inc antimicrobial compounds and methods of preparation and use thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
US4522811A (en)1982-07-081985-06-11Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc.Serial injection of muramyldipeptides and liposomes enhances the anti-infective activity of muramyldipeptides
US5763263A (en)1995-11-271998-06-09Dehlinger; Peter J.Method and apparatus for producing position addressable combinatorial libraries

Non-Patent Citations (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"NCBI", Database accession no. 101138560
"Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 1990, MACK PUB.
"Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 1990, MACK PUBLISHING COMPANY, pages: 1445
CAHN ET AL., ANGEW. CHEM. INTER. EDIT., vol. 5, 1966, pages 385
CAHN ET AL., ANGEW. CHERN., vol. 78, 1966, pages 413
CAHN ET AL., EXPERIENTIA, vol. 12, 1956, pages 81
CAHN, J., CHEM. EDUC., vol. 41, 1964, pages 116
CAHN; INGOLD, J. CHEM. SOC., vol. 612, 1951
CHOU; TALALAY, ADV. ENZYME REGUL, vol. 22, 1984, pages 27 - 55
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 10 December 1992 (1992-12-10), XP002785482, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 144841-25-8*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 10 December 1992 (1992-12-10), XP002785483, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 144841-26-9*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 10 December 1992 (1992-12-10), XP002785484, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 144841-27-0*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 10 December 1992 (1992-12-10), XP002785485, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 144841-28-1*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 10 December 1992 (1992-12-10), XP002785486, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 144841-42-9*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 11 March 2005 (2005-03-11), XP002785479, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 845295-22-9*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 11 March 2005 (2005-03-11), XP002785480, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 845295-53-6*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 15 August 2005 (2005-08-15), XP002785494, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 860260-10-2*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 16 November 1984 (1984-11-16), XP002785477, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 55662-33-4*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 16 November 1984 (1984-11-16), XP002785493, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 54535-57-8*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 19 September 2008 (2008-09-19), XP002785478, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 1050590-82-3*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785487, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104461-93-0*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785488, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104461-98-5*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785489, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104462-00-2*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785490, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104462-09-1*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785491, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104462-19-3*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 1986 (1986-09-27), XP002785492, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 104462-26-2*
DATABASE REGISTRY [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 27 September 2004 (2004-09-27), XP002785481, retrieved from stn Database accession no. 752259-90-8*
DEVLIN: "High Throughput Screening", 1998, MARCEL DEKKER
EM MERCK, SILICA GEL, vol. 60, pages 230 - 400
FATTORI, R.; PIVA, T.: "Drug Eluting Stents in Vascular Intervention", LANCET, vol. 361, 2003, pages 247 - 249, XP004765388, DOI: doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12275-1
FRANCESCHI, F.; DUFFY, E.M.: "Structure based drug design meets the ribosome", BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 71, 2006, pages 1016 - 1025, XP025043160, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.12.026
FRANCESCHI, F.; DUFFY, E.M.: "Structure-based drug design meets the ribosome", BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 71, 2006, pages 1016 - 1025, XP025043160, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.12.026
GARRETT ET AL.: "The Ribosome: Structure, Function, Antibiotics and Cellular Interactions", AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY, 2000
GOLD, H.S.; MOELLERING, R.C., JR.: "Antimicrobial-Drug Resistance", N. ENGL. J. MED., vol. 335, 1996, pages 1445 - 53
LOWRY, F.D.: "Antimicrobial Resistance: The Example of Staphylococcus aureus", J. CLIN. INVEST., vol. Ill, no. 9, 2003, pages 1265 - 1273
MORICE, M. C.: "A New Era in the Treatment of Coronary Disease?", EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, vol. 24, 2003, pages 209 - 211
MOSSELHI A. N. ET AL.: "Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of imidazo- and pyrimido[2,1-f]-theophyllines", MONATSHEFTE FUER CHEMIE, vol. 139, no. 7, 11 April 2008 (2008-04-11), pages 825 - 834, XP002785476*
RASKO, ISTVAN; DOWNES, C S: "Genes in medicine : molecular biolotiv and human genetic disorders", 1995, CHAPMAN & HALL
SANDERS CR; MYERS JK: "Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct.", vol. 33, 2004, NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION (U.S., article "Disease-related misassembly of membrane proteins", pages: 25 - 51
TOUTOUZAS, K. ET AL.: "Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Findings", Z. KARDIOL., vol. 91, no. 3, 2002, pages 49 - 57

Also Published As

Publication numberPublication date
US20160031893A1 (en)2016-02-04
AU2010306646B2 (en)2016-09-01
JP6267863B2 (en)2018-01-24
AU2016266048A1 (en)2016-12-22
CN102712647A (en)2012-10-03
US9193731B2 (en)2015-11-24
EP2488525A2 (en)2012-08-22
JP2013508297A (en)2013-03-07
EP2488525A4 (en)2013-07-03
AU2010306646A1 (en)2012-05-03
WO2011047319A2 (en)2011-04-21
KR20190044136A (en)2019-04-29
KR101972992B1 (en)2019-04-29
CA2777734A1 (en)2011-04-21
WO2011047319A3 (en)2011-08-18
WO2011047319A8 (en)2011-10-27
PH12016502092A1 (en)2017-08-30
KR20170132900A (en)2017-12-04
EP2488525B1 (en)2018-04-25
EA201270566A1 (en)2012-11-30
DK2488525T3 (en)2018-08-06
ES2675798T3 (en)2018-07-12
AU2016266048B2 (en)2018-07-19
AU2018204628A1 (en)2018-07-12
CN102712647B (en)2018-04-24
IL255097A0 (en)2017-12-31
MX2012004340A (en)2012-11-23
NZ599291A (en)2014-06-27
IL219133A (en)2017-10-31
IL219133A0 (en)2012-06-28
MX349718B (en)2017-08-10
US20120220566A1 (en)2012-08-30

Similar Documents

PublicationPublication DateTitle
US9193731B2 (en)Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
US9845297B2 (en)Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
US10259825B2 (en)Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same
JP2018039784A (en)Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using antimicrobial compounds
HK40001086A (en)Antimicrobial compounds and methods of making and using the same

Legal Events

DateCodeTitleDescription
PUAIPublic reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text:ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAAInformation on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text:STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

ACDivisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number:2488525

Country of ref document:EP

Kind code of ref document:P

AKDesignated contracting states

Kind code of ref document:A1

Designated state(s):AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAAInformation on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text:STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17PRequest for examination filed

Effective date:20190520

RBVDesignated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s):AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RAP1Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name:BIOVERSYS AG

REGReference to a national code

Ref country code:HK

Ref legal event code:DE

Ref document number:40001086

Country of ref document:HK

STAAInformation on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text:STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17QFirst examination report despatched

Effective date:20200804

STAAInformation on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text:STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18WApplication withdrawn

Effective date:20210115
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp