EP1672783A1

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Info

Publication number: EP1672783A1
Application number: EP05256744A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Blakeborough Kenington
Original assignee: Andrew AG; Andrew LLC
Current assignee: Commscope Technologies AG; Commscope Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2004-12-17
Filing date: 2005-11-01
Publication date: 2006-06-21
Also published as: US7706467B2; US20060209984A1; CN1790920A; JP2006174418A

Abstract

A transmitter comprises an amplifier operable for receiving an input signal and amplifying the input signal to produce an output signal. A power supply is coupled to the amplifier for supplying power to the amplifier, the power supply operable for tracking the input signal and varying the level of power supplied to the amplifier in response to variation of the input signal. A predistortion circuit is coupled to the power supply, the predistortion circuit operable for receiving the input signal and predistorting the input signal to the power supply for addressing input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply.

Description

In wireless communication applications, such as cellular phone services or other wireless services, amplifiers are used to provide the desired signal coverage for the particular wireless application. For example, radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers are used for boosting the level of an RF signal prior to transmission of that signal. RF power amplification techniques, and particularly RF power amplification techniques used for wireless applications, have inherent drawbacks to which the industry continues to direct its efforts. Specifically, in developing an RF transmission system, considerable attention is given to amplifier efficiency and signal distortion of the amplified signal.
Amplifier efficiency, which is generally defined as the level of RF power that may be achieved at the output signal compared to the power that is input into the overall amplification process, is conventionally somewhat low in wireless applications. Therefore, considerable attention within the power amplifier industry has been devoted to methods of enhancing power amplifier efficiency. Small increases in amplifier efficiency can provide significant benefits in a wireless system and reduce the overall costs necessary to run the system.
Another drawback in RF power amplification, which must be addressed and taken into account with any methods for improving efficiency, is signal distortion. An RF power amplifier, to a greater or lesser extent, exerts a distorting effect on the RF signals that are amplified. Non-linearities of the amplifier, as well as other factors, contribute to the distortion. Such distortion must be controlled to ensure that the RF transmitter meets the various standards regarding RF interference.
To address amplifier efficiency, one current technique involves the use of envelope tracking of the input signal to the amplifier and use of the detected envelope to vary the amplifier operation. In an envelope tracking system, a variable power supply is utilized for supplying power to the amplifier. The envelope power levels of the input signal are monitored, and the power that is supplied to the power amplifier, or typically to the final stage(s) of the power amplifier, is varied based on the monitored envelope levels. More specifically, the power that is supplied to the amplifier is varied so as to be just sufficient to reproduce the power level required by the amplifier at a given instant of time. Therefore, at low envelope power levels, a low supply voltage is provided to the amplifier, and the full supply voltage is only provided when the maximum envelope power is required, that is, at the envelope peaks.
However, while envelope-tracking techniques improve efficiency, various current implementations of those envelope tracking techniques have various drawbacks. Such drawbacks are associated with the ability of the system to respond to the signal envelope. More specifically, in current envelope-tracking implementations, the detected input signal envelope is fed directly to the tracking input of the power supply. However, since there are imperfections or non-linearities in the tracking behavior of the power supply, the resulting output voltage from the power supply is only a crude approximation of the envelope levels actually required for the power amplifier. If, for a particular envelope peak, the power supply output is not sufficient for the amplifier requirements, the distortion produced by the amplifier could be greatly increased, even after predistortion of the input signal has been taken into account to address other inherent non-linearities in the power amplifier.
Therefore, it is desirable to improve upon the efficiency and linearity of an RF power amplifier, in a transmitter system. It is particularly desirable to improve upon the efficiency of a power amplifier by means of an envelope tracking power supply.
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention utilizing predistortion of an envelope signal in an envelope-tracking power amplifier.
Figure 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the circuit of Figure 1 utilizing an alternative feedback signal.
Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment.of the present invention utilizing polynomial-based envelope predistortion.
Figure 4 is an alternative embodiment of the circuit in Figure 3 utilizing alternative feedback (AF).
Figure 5 is an alternative embodiment of the invention utilizing polynomial-based predistortion for the main signal path and the envelope.
Figure 6 is an alternative embodiment of the invention utilizing different predistortion techniques for the main signal path and envelope path.
Figure 7 is an alternative embodiment of the invention utilizing analog predistortion of the input signal envelope.

Detailed Description

The present invention at least in the preferred embodiments addresses the non-linearities and other characteristics of a power supply utilizing envelope tracking in a power amplifier system. Preferably, imperfections in the tracking behaviour of the power supply are addressed by predistorting the envelope signal provided to the tracking power supply to ensure that it accurately reflects the true status of the input signal envelope at a given instant in time. For example, the predistortion of the envelope signal in an envelope-tracking power amplifier is utilized to address various non-linearities and slew-rate limitations in the tracking power supply that feeds the drain or drains of the main RF amplifier devices.

In one embodiment, the predistortion provides over-compensation of the envelope characteristics to deliberately create a small amount of "head room" in the power that is supplied to the amplifier circuit to thus ensure that the drain or drains of the power amplifier have sufficient voltage to reproduce the desired amplified RF wave form at any given point in time.

In another embodiment, the predistortion is adapted such that the envelope-tracking predistortion can be modified to ensure that it achieves and maintains the required performance of the power amplifier to address factors such as component aging, power level changes, and temperature changes in the various components and systems utilized in the power amplifier.

Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention utilized to improve the performance, and specifically improve the efficiency, of a power amplifier. For example, referring to Figure 1, the overall transmission system, or transmitter 5, includes an amplification device oramplifier 10, such as an RF power amplifier that receives aninput signal 12, and producesRF output 14. Thepower amplifier 10 may be a single stage or multiple stage amplifier of a suitable variety for RF power amplification. In the transmitter circuit illustrated in Figure 1, generally theinput signal 12 will take various paths through the transmitter 5 to achieve the desired performance enhancement of transmitter 5. Mainly, theinput signal 12 proceeds along a main signal path (MSP) 16 to be amplified byamplifier 10. Theinput signal 12 is also coupled to an envelope-tracking path 18 and is coupled to asignal processing path 20. Along the main signal path (MSP) 16,input signal 12 proceeds to the input ofamplifier 10, where it is amplified and produced as anoutput 14. Along the way, it may be further processed for improving the operation of the RF power amplifier. For example, as shown in Figure 1, a signal in the MSP may be predistorted, either digitally or in an analog fashion, to address non-linearities in thepower amplifier 10, according to well known principles. Of course, other linearization techniques might also be utilized along the MSP to address non-linearities in theamplifier 10. For the purposes of illustrating the present invention, the predistortion of the input signal along theMSP 16 is disclosed in the Figures as digital predistortion and various digital predistortion techniques are illustrated in Figures 1-6 forMSP 16. However, it would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, that various other linearization techniques, digital or analog, might be utilized along theMSP 16 for addressing amplifier non-linearities and distortion and for enhancing the performance ofpower amplifier 10. The present invention is thus not limited to the linearity techniques or predistortion techniques of the MSP that are illustrated.

Referring again to Figure 1, theinput signals 12 are shown in a digital form as quadrature I/Q signals, which, along themain path 16, are directed topredistortion circuit 22, such as a digital predistortion lookup table circuit (LUT). Thepredistortion circuit 22 predistorts theinput signal 12 in conventional fashion, whereupon the predistorted input signal is converted to analog by a D/A converter 24, upconverted from baseband to RF byupconversion circuitry 26, and then amplified by theRF power amplifier 10 to produce analogRF output signal 14. Adigital predistortion circuit 22, which may be a lookup table (LUT) circuit, as illustrated in Figure 1, will generally include additional digital signal processing (DSP)circuitry 28, which will include sufficient signal processing circuitry for implementing the digital predistortion algorithm, and any adaptation of the predistortion circuit. For example, the LUTs ofcircuit 22 may need to be adaptively populated and updated, which may be handled by the DSP 28. Furthermore, any correction or updates to the LUT predistortion is handled by theDSP 28.

Generally, according to known LUT predistortion principles, the I/Q input signals 12 are directed viapath 30 to theDSP 28 and are utilized to drive the predistortion generation process. Specifically, theDSP 28 viapath 32 utilizes the values of the I/Q input signals to index and look up corresponding predistortion I/Q values in the respective LUTs. The LUT output coefficients are indexed by the magnitude of theinput signals 12. The coefficients are used, via complex multiplication, to distort the input I/Q signals. DSP 28 can also be utilized to adaptively update the values of the LUTs inpredistortion circuit 22, or to provide additional correction algorithms through thepredistortion circuit 22 according to known digital predistortion techniques.

Referring to Figure 1, acoupler 40 might be utilized to couple theanalog output 14 toDSP 28 throughpath 42 and through appropriate downconversion circuitry 44 and A/D converter circuitry 46. DSP 28 utilizes the coupled output signal onpath 42 to adapt the LUTs ofcircuit 22 based upon the knowledge of the performance of the predistortion provided byoutput 42. Generally,digital predistortion circuits 22 and the supportingDSP 28 will all be incorporated together within a larger overall DSP circuit indicated byreference numeral 50 in Figure 1. However, separate blocks or circuits might also be utilized. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to specific layouts or positions of the DSP blocks, which handle the predistortion and/or the adaptation of the predistortion.

An envelope-trackingpower supply 60 is coupled topower amplifier 10 for supplying power to the amplifier viapath 62. As noted above, in an envelope-tracking power supply, thepower supply 60 is operable for tracking the input signal envelope, derived from input signals 18 and varying the level of power supplied to the amplifier in response to variation of the input signal envelope. More specifically, in standard envelope-tracking power supplies, the power supplied toamplifier 10 viapower supply 60 is varied so as to be sufficient to reproduce, at theamplifier output 14, the power level required at a given instant. Therefore, at low envelope power levels, a low supply voltage is provided toamplifier 10. A full supply voltage is only provided when maximum envelope power is required, such as at the envelope peaks of the input signal.

As noted above, in current implementations of such an envelope-tracking technique, the input signal envelope is fed directly to the tracking input of the envelope-trackingpower supply 60. However, due to non-linearities in the transfer characteristics of the power supply, the output power from the supply and, more specifically, the output voltage, is not a precise approximation of the power levels that are required for a particular input signal envelope. The deficiencies in the input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply and, specifically, the non-linearities in the transfer characteristics of the power supply are addressed predistorting theenvelope signal 18 provided to the envelope-trackingpower supply 60 to ensure that the output of thepower supply 60 accurately reflects the status of the envelope at any given instant in time for proper power supply efficiency and little or no distortion of the amplified signal.

To that end, the digitalsignal processing circuit 50 of the transmitter 5 incorporates apredistortion circuit 70 for predistorting the envelope signals 18. The predistortion circuit, for example, may be a digital predistortion circuit, such as an LUT circuit of Figure 1 or a polynomial-based predistorter (see Figure 3). While adigital predistortion circuit 70 for the envelope is primarily discussed herein, an analog predistortion circuit, such as that shown in Figure 7, might also be utilized for predistorting the input signal envelope.

Theinput signal 12 may be coupled from theMSP 16 ontopath 18 where it is directed topredistorter circuit 70. Because the input signal envelope is utilized for the purposes of an envelope-tracking power supply, the digitalsignal processing circuitry 50 would generally utilize anenvelope detector 19, which may be part of the digitalsignal processing circuitry 50 either as a part of theenvelope predistortion circuit 70 or separate therefrom. The concept of envelope detection, which essentially extracts the magnitude information of the input signal, is known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. For example, one type of envelope detector is noted by: $e n v = \sqrt{I^{2} + Q^{2}}$
Utilizing the detected envelope, thepredistortion circuit 70 predistorts the input signal envelope before it is directed topower supply 60.Circuit 70, and supportingDSP 72 are configured so that the predistortion of the input signal envelope onpath 18 is sufficient to address the input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply, and specifically to address non-linearities associated with the power supply and its envelope-tracking capabilities. Thepower supply 60 then uses thepredistorted envelope signal 74 to meet the power requirements ofpower amplifier 10, despite non-linearities in thepower supply 60.
Thepredistortion circuit 70 may provide any number of various suitable predistortion techniques to predistort the envelope signals 18 including, for example, an envelope LUT, as shown in Figure 1. Similar to LUTs utilized for signal predistortion on the MSP,predistortion circuit 70 may be supported byDSP 72, utilized to execute the predistortion algorithm for the envelope and also to populate and/or update the LUTs ofcircuit 70 and to provide overall adaptation of thepredistortion circuit 70 and its operation based upon the achieved output ofpower amplifier 10. To that end, the input signals 12 onpath 20 are utilized byDSP 72 to implement the predistortion algorithm, such as to index and select LUT values in the example of an LUT predistorter. Similarly, theamplifier output 14 that is fed back onpath 42 is also utilized byDSP 72 for updating, correcting, and adaptingpredistorter circuit 70. As with other predistortion circuits and DSP circuits, the various components set forth herein may be incorporated into an overall larger digital signalprocessing circuit block 50, or may be implemented as stand-alone components or circuits.
DSP circuit 72, which operates in conjunction with thepredistortion circuit 70, may also implement an envelope detector (not shown) in therespective input line 20 for the purpose of utilizing the detected envelope to drive the predistortion generation process.
For the envelope predistortion, the detected envelope associated withline 18 is utilized to drive the predistortion process ofcircuit 70. If an LUT predistortion is utilized, a stream of digital samples of the envelope is fed toDSP 72, which results in the indexing and selection of a corresponding stream of samples forming I and Q channel correction signals, respectively, according to known LUT techniques. Those correction signals are then applied to correct the envelope signals, such as through a vector modulator, for example. The corrected envelope signal online 74 is then converted by a D/A converter 76 to an appropriate analog signal for utilization by the envelope-trackingpower supply 60. Specifically, the predistorted envelope signal feeds the envelope modulation input of the envelope-trackingpower supply 60 to thus ensure that the output voltage online 62 provides adequate tracking of the input signal envelope online 18. Thepredistortion circuit 70 is configured and operable for predistorting the input signal envelope to address the input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply. The predistortion addresses the operational parameters ofpower supply 60, such as the non-linearities in the transfer function of the power supply and address other imperfections in the tracking behavior ofpower supply 60, such as slew rate limitations, for example.
Thepredistortion circuit 70 may be configured to provide any desired predistortion ofenvelope signal 18 in order to offset the effects of thepower supply 60. In one embodiment, the predistortion will be a variation from ordinary MSP predistortion. For example, in MSP predistortion, even order components are usually set to zero to correct the intermodulation distortion (IMD) created by the odd order components in the amplifier transfer characteristic. For the envelope predistorter, however, even order components are also utilized and considered. For example, using a LUT predistorter as shown in Figure 1 for the envelope predistortion, both odd and even order components are generated. The same holds true if polynomial predistortion of the envelope is used, as discussed below.
In another embodiment, thepredistortion circuitry 70 is operable for predistorting the input signal envelope to cause over-compensation in the level of power that is supplied to theamplifier 10 to ensure proper efficient and linear amplification. That is, the predistortion algorithm provided throughDSP 72 andpredistortion circuit 70 might be configured to create a small margin above the required minimum envelope level at any given instant in time to ensure that the envelope-tracking process provides sufficient power to amplifier 10 so as not to degrade the intermodulation distortion (IMD) performance of the amplifier. In that way, theamplifier 10 is able to handle significant envelope peaks. The embodiment thus operates on the realization that thepower supply output 62 does riot need to precisely follow the input envelope in order to achieve the desired results. Rather, the output ofsupply 60 merely needs to "at least" follow the envelope or be slightly above the envelope. While the built-in over-compensation provided by thepredistortion circuit 70 may result in a very small and almost negligible loss in efficiency of the overall transmitter 5, it will ensure that adequate IMD performance is guaranteed without significantly adding to the overall system complexity. The IMD performance of the transmitter 5 is also addressed by the conventional predistortion circuitry in theMSP 16, separate and apart from the envelope predistortion.
In an alternative embodiment, the overcompensation provided by thepredistortion circuit 70 might be related to the level of the input signal envelope. In such a case, the predistortion might be tailored according to the envelope level. For example, for low envelope levels, thepredistortion circuit 70 might be operable to predistort the envelope so that thepredistorted envelope 74 closely tracks theinput signal envelope 18. However, for high envelope levels, the predistortion of the envelope byci4rcuit 70 provides overcompensation in the envelope so the amplifier can address the higher input signal levels. In still another alternative, the predistorter circuit might be configured to only predistort the envelope at higher levels above a certain threshold level.
The adaptation ofpredistortion circuit 70, which operates on the input signal envelope, as illustrated in Figure 1, makes use of output feedback viapath 42 coupled from thepower amplifier output 14. As illustrated bypath 78, the coupled output is utilized byDSP 72 to populate and adapt the LUTs of thepredistortion circuit 70 and to provide any necessary correction to the predistortion algorithm. Figure 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which a separate feedback path is utilized to provide linearization information for adapting the predistortion; such as by adapting the envelope LUTs ofpredistortion circuit 70. Specifically, thepredistortion circuit 70 andDSP 72 oftransmitter 5a utilize a feedback signal directly from the output ofline 62 from the envelope-trackingpower supply 60. That is, the DSP was the trackingoutput signal 62 of the power supply. That signal is directed through anappropriate impedance element 80 and analog/digital (A/D)converter 82 to provide digital feedback toDSP 72 for utilization for adapting and optimizing thepredistortion circuit 70. The feedback loop is illustrated bypath 84.
As noted above, the predistortion of the envelope is not limited to digital predistortion techniques generally or the LUT-based predistortion shown in Figures 1 and 2. An additional alternative embodiment is illustrated in Figure 3. TheDSP block 50, and specifically predistortion circuit 70a of transmitter 5b utilizes a polynomial-based algorithm, such as a polynomial approximation of the form: $y = a x + b x^{2} + c x^{3} + d x^{4} + e x^{5} + \dots$
where a, b, c, d, e, etc. are constants (and may be negative).
The polynomial approximation is a known digital predistortion technique and replaces a "piecewise" approximation utilized by a LUT approach, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. A significant advantage of a polynomial expansion and approximation lies in its straightforward simplicity. This results in a significant reduction in the memory storage requirements for predistorter circuit 70a and/orDSP 72a. For example, only the coefficients a, b, c, etc. from EQ1 above need to be stored and updated, instead of hundreds, or possibly thousands, of points that are required in an LUT predistortion scenario. A polynomial-based predistortion is also often utilized in the MSP for predistorting the main signal, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
Such polynomial-based predistortion techniques are known. However, in accordance with one embodiment, the polynomial-based envelope predistortion circuit 70a is a variation from ordinary MSP predistortion as noted above. Specifically, when polynomial predistortion is utilized in the MSP, the even order coefficients are usually set to zero because only intermodulation distortion (IMD) is being corrected. Such intermodulation distortion is created by odd order components in the amplifier transfer characteristic. However, for envelope predistortion, both odd and even ordered components are likely to be required, because it is a baseband envelope signal online 18 that is being distorted or corrected. Therefore, the polynomial approximation for the envelope circuit 70a takes the even ordered components into account when utilizing polynomial predistortion, thepredistortion circuits 72a, 70a provide a predistorted envelope topower supply 60.
Figure 3 utilizes an adaptive feedback forDSP 72a onpath 42, which couples off a portion of theRF output 14. Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment wherein, like Figure 2, the adaptive feedback forDSP 72a of thetransmitter 5c is pulled directly from the output of the envelope-tracking power supply onpath 62.
As noted above, polynomial-based predistortion, like other predistorter techniques, could be utilized in theMSP 16 or the envelope-tracking 18, or in both. Similarly, as shown in Figure 1, LUT predistortion might be utilized in either of the MSP or the envelope-tracking path, or in both. For example, Figure 5 illustrates anamplifier circuit 5d with a polynomial-basedpredistortion circuit 22a in the MSP and a polynomial-based envelope predistortion circuit 70a in the envelope-tracking path according to the invention. Alternatively, Figure 6 illustrates atransmitter 5e, which utilizes a LUT-based predistortion for theenvelope path 18 similar to Figure 1, while utilizing a polynomial-based predistortion in theMSP 16 similar to Figure 5. While Figures 5 and 6 both illustrate the coupledRF output 14 as the feedback to theDSPs 72, 72a, 28a, a similar feedback loop as illustrated in Figures 2 and 4 directly from the output of the envelope-trackingpower supply 60, might also be utilized.
In accordance with another embodiment, the adaptation provided by theDSP 50 for both the MSP predistortion and the envelope signal predistortion is to ensure that the desired performance of the transmitter 5 is suitable over a range of the various operational parameters and factors associated with the operation of the power amplifier. Specifically, the adaptation provided byDSP block 50 in the predistortion of the envelope addresses factors such as component aging, power level changes in theinput signal 12 and temperature changes in the various components and circuits that are utilized to construct and realize the disclosed transmitter 5, such as theamplifier 10, thepower supply 60 orDSP 50. Such adaptation may be provided by the DSP blocks 72, 28, which receive both the input signal and an output feedback signal (path 42, path 84) and/or in theactual predistortion circuits 22, 70. The specific layout and configuration ofDSP block 50 is not limiting and may be arranged in various different ways.
One of the significant advantages provided is that predistortion of the envelope signal, as discussed herein, does not require a precise following of the envelope waveform to provide greater efficiency in the operation of theRF power amplifier 10. Rather, it can be ensured that the power requirements ofpower amplifier 10, and specifically the required voltage at the device drain are met or exceeded by the envelope-trackingpower supply 60. This is significantly different from the case of envelope restoration that is required in envelope elimination and restoration (EE&R) techniques, wherein the precise envelope waveform must be used at all times in order to maintain good signal fidelity and spectral performance. This therefore significantly reduces the complexity of the circuitry required as the predistortion of the envelope performed can generate asignal 74 fed to thepower supply 60, which does not precisely follow the input envelope. As such, a suitable margin may be built into the predistorted envelope signal, as discussed above, to provide the desired envelope-tracking process.
Further information regarding basic LUT predistortion and polynomial-based predistortion may be found in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/386,047, entitled "Signal Sample Acquisition Techniques" and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/386,291, entitled "Amplifier Control System with Statistical Enhancement of Resolution of Digital Control Signals." Both of those applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
While the embodiments set forth above utilize digital predistortion of the envelope signal and/or the MSP signal, other predistortion techniques, such as analog predistortion techniques, may also be utilized. For example, various different analog predistortion circuits might be utilized in theMSP predistortion circuit 22.
Such analog distortion of the envelope signal occurs after the digital I/Q input signal 12 has been converted to an appropriate analog signal. Referring now to Figure 7, wherein like reference numerals illustrate like components, as noted above, the envelope path 18a of theDSP circuit 50 provides envelope detection, such as by a suitable envelope detector (not shown). The detectedenvelope signal 74 ofblock 50 and path 18a is directed to an appropriate D/A converter 80. The analog signal is then directed to ananalog predistortion circuit 82. The output of thepredistortion circuit 82 online 84 is then fed to the appropriate envelope modulation input of the envelope-trackingpower supply 60.
The analog predistortion circuit may take various different forms and might be constructed, for example, utilizing analog components such as diodes, transistors, operational amplifiers, and conventional RF or IF amplifiers. For example,predistortion circuit 82 might utilize analog distortion techniques such as cubic predistortion, diode predistortion, transistor predistortion and/or curve-fitting predistortion, to name a few. These and other various different possible analog predistortion techniques for the envelope signal or MSP signal are set forth in P. B. Kenington,High Linearity RF Amplifier Design, Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 2000, Chapter 6.
Analog predistortion circuit 82 may operate without external control. However, Figure 7 illustrates, in dash lines, an alternative embodiment wherein control might be provided for theanalog predistortion circuit 82. To that end, aDSP block 86 andcontrol line 88 with suitable D/A circuitry 90 may be utilized to controlcircuit 82. As noted above, theDSP block 86 might be incorporated into alarger DSP block 50, which provides predistortion and adaptive circuitry for the MSP, as well as digital processing functions associated with control ofpredistortion circuit 82.
Some examples of analog predistortion, which might be utilized for predistorting the envelope signal according to the invention, are set forth above. Of course, such a list is not exhaustive. A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other predistortion techniques may also be suitable for the present invention in order to provide the desired predistortion of the envelope signal, as discussed above, to ensure that the power requirements of thepower amplifier 10 are met by the envelope-trackingpower supply 60. [00046] While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of various embodiments and while these embodiments have been described in considerable detail, additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art.

Claims

A transmitter comprising an amplifier operable for receiving an input signal and amplifying the input signal to produce an output signal, a power supply coupled to the amplifier for supplying power to the amplifier, the power supply operable for tracking the input signal and varying the level of power supplied to the amplifier in response to variation of the input signal, a predistortion circuit coupled to the power supply, the predistortion circuit operable for receiving the input signal and predistorting the input signal to the power supply for addressing input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply.
The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the power supply is operable for tracking the input signal envelope.
The transmitter of claim 2 wherein the predistortion circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal envelope.
The transmitter of any preceding claim wherein the predistortion circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal for addressing at least one of non-linearities and slew rate limitations of the power supply.
The transmitter of any preceding claim wherein the predistortion circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal to cause over compensation in the level of power supplied to the amplifier by the power supply to ensure proper amplification.
The transmitter of claim 5 wherein the overcompensation caused by the predistortion is related to the level of an input signal envelope.
The transmitter of any preceding claim wherein the power supply varies the level of power supplied to the amplifier by varying drain voltage at the amplifier, the predistortion circuit being operable for predistorting the input signal to cause the level of power supplied to the amplifier to meet or exceed a required drain voltage.
The transmitter of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the predistortion circuit is adaptable for varying the predistortion of the input signal to maintain proper amplification based on the variation of operational parameters for circuit components of at least one of the amplifier, power supply or predistortion circuit.
A transmitter comprising an amplifying circuit for amplifying an input signal to produce an output signal, a power supply operable for varying the level of power supplied to the amplifier in response to variation of an input signal envelope directed to the power supply, a predistortion circuit operable for receiving and predistorting the input signal envelope before it is directed to the power supply for addressing envelope tracking capabilities of the power supply.
A power amplifier with an envelope-tracking power supply that tracks an envelope of an input signal to the amplifier and varies the level of power supplied to the amplifier in response to variation of the input signal envelope, the amplifier comprising a predistortion circuit coupled to the power supply, the predistortion circuit operable for receiving and predistorting the input signal envelope directed to the power supply for addressing the input signal envelope tracking capabilities of the power supply.
The power amplifier of claim 10 wherein the predistortion circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal envelope for addressing non-linearities in the envelope tracking of the power supply.
A predistortion circuit for coupling to an envelope-tracking power supply for an amplifier, the predistortion circuit comprising a circuit configured to receive a detected envelope of an input signal, the circuit operable for predistorting the input signal envelope and generating an output signal, the output signal suitable for input to the power supply to affect the power delivered to an amplifier.
The transmitter of claim 9 or predistortion circuit of claim 12 wherein the circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal envelope for addressing at least one of non-linearities and slew rate limitations of the power supply.
The transmitter of claim 9 or 13, or the power amplifier of claim 10 or 11, or the predistortion circuit of claim 12 or 13 wherein the predistortion circuit is operable for predistorting the input signal envelope to cause over compensation in the level of power supplied to the amplifier by the power supply to ensure proper amplification.
The transmitter, power amplifier or predistortion circuit of claim 14 wherein the overcompensation caused by the predistortion is related to the level of the input signal envelope.
The transmitter of claim 9 or 13, or the power amplifier of claim 10 or 11, or the predistortion circuit of claim 12 or 13 wherein the predistortion circuit is adaptable for varying the predistortion of the input signal envelope to maintain proper amplification based on the variation of operational parameters for circuit components of at least one of the amplifier, power supply or predistortion circuit.
The transmitter of any one of claims 1 to 9 and 13 to 16 or the power amplifier of any one of claims 10, 11 and 14 to 16 wherein the predistortion circuit is adaptable, and further comprising signal processing circuitry coupled to the predistortion circuit for adapting the predistortion circuit based on at least one of the input signal and the output signal.
The transmitter of any one of claims 1 to 9 and 13 to 16 or the power amplifier of any one of claims 10, 11 and 14 to 16 wherein the predistortion circuit is adaptable, and further comprising signal processing circuitry coupled to the predistortion circuit for adapting the predistortion circuit based on at least one of the input signal and a tracking output signal of the power supply.
The transmitter of any one of claims 1 to 9 and 13 to 18, or the power amplifier of any one of claims 10, 11 and 14 to 18, or the predistortion circuit of any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the predistortion circuit is a digital predistortion circuit.
The transmitter, power amplifier or predistortion circuit of claim 19 wherein the digital predistortion circuit includes at least one of a Look Up Table circuit of a Polynomial-based circuit.
The transmitter of any one of claims 1 to 9 and 13 to 18, or the power amplifier of any one of claims 10, 11 and 14 to 18, or the predistortion circuit of any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the predistortion circuit is an analog predistortion circuit.
The transmitter, power amplifier or predistortion circuit of claim 21 wherein the analog predistortion circuit includes at least one of a diode, a transistor, or an amplifier.
The predistortion circuit of any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the circuit is adaptable and further comprising signal processing circuitry coupled to the circuit for adapting the circuit based on at least one of the input signal and an output signal of an amplifier.
The predistortion circuit of any one of claims 12 to 16 wherein the circuit is adaptable and further comprising signal processing circuitry coupled to the circuit for adapting the circuit based on at least one of the input signal and an output signal of the power supply.
A method of amplifying a signal comprising amplifying an input signal with an amplifier to produce an output signal, tracking the input signal with a power supply coupled to the amplifier and varying the level of power supplied to the amplifier by the power supply in response to variation of the input signal, predistorting the tracked input signal prior to the power supply for addressing input signal tracking capabilities of the power supply.
The method of claim 25 further comprising tracking an input signal envelope, and predistorting the input signal envelope.
The method of either claim 25 or claim 26 wherein the predistortion of the tracked input signal addresses at least one of non-linearities and slew rate limitations of the power supply.
The method of any one of claims 25 to 27 further comprising predistorting the input signal with a digital predistortion circuit.
The method of any one of claims 25 to 27 further comprising predistorting the input signal with an analog predistortion circuit.
The method of any one of claims 25 to 29 further comprising predistorting the input signal to cause over compensation in the level of power supplied to the amplifier by the power supply to ensure proper amplification.
The method of claim 29 further comprising varying the predistortion of the input signal to maintain proper amplification based on the variation of operational parameters for circuit components of at least one of the amplifier, power supply or predistortion circuit.
The method of claim 31 further comprising adapting the predistortion of the input signal based on at least one of the input signal and the output signal.
The method of claim 31 further comprising adapting the predistortion of the input signal based on at least one of the input signal and an output signal of the power supply.