











Die Erfindung betrifft einen wärmegedämmten Behälter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a thermally insulated container according to the preamble of claim 1.
Solche wärmegedämmten Behälter werden insbesondere, jedoch keineswegs ausschließlich, für Transportzwecke genutzt, um temperaturempfindliche Waren, beispielsweise Medikamente, bei Einhaltung enger Temperaturtoleranzen befördern zu können. Dazu ist bei gattungsgemäßen Behältern eine Behälterwandung vorgesehen, die einen Innenraum, in dem das zu transportierende Gut angeordnet wird, vollständig umschließt. In der Behälterwandung ist zumindest eine verschließbare Öffnung vorgesehen, um das zu transportierende Gut in den Behälter einbringen zu können.Such thermally insulated containers are used in particular, but by no means exclusively, for transport purposes in order to be able to transport temperature-sensitive goods, such as medicines, while maintaining close temperature tolerances. For this purpose, in the case of containers of this type, a container wall is provided which completely encloses an interior space in which the goods to be transported are arranged. At least one closable opening is provided in the container wall in order to be able to introduce the goods to be transported into the container.
Um den Wärmefluss durch die Behälterwandung hindurch möglichst gering zu halten, werden Vakuumisolationselemente zur Isolation verwendet. Diese Vakuumisolationselemente haben einen sehr hohen Wärmedurchgangswiderstand bei relativ geringer Schichtdicke, so dass bei gegebenem Außenvolumen ein relativ großes Nutzvolumen bei ausreichender Wärmeisolation gegeben ist. Durch die Vakuumisolationselemente wird der Wärmefluss sowohl von außen nach innen als auch von innen nach außen erschwert, so dass die zu transportierende Ware sowohl gegen übermäßige Wärme als auch gegen übermäßige Kälte geschützt ist. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind wärmegedämmte Behälter bekannt, bei denen zur zusätzlichen Kühlung aktive Kühlsysteme eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise ist es bekannt, dass der Innenraum des Behälters mittels einer elektrischen Klimatisierungsanlage temperiert wird. Auch sind Systeme bekannt, bei denen Trockeneis verdampft wird und der dabei entstehende kalte Dampf zur Kühlung des Innenraums eingesetzt wird. Diese aktiv gekühlten Behälter haben den Nachteil, dass sie außerordentlich empfindlich gegen Störungen sind. Wird beispielsweise die elektrische Klimaanlage oder der Ventilator der Trockeneisanlage nicht mit ausreichender elektrischer Energie versorgt, so ist eine ausreichende Kühlung nicht mehr gewährleistet und die transportierte Ware verdirbt.In order to keep the flow of heat through the container wall as low as possible, vacuum insulation elements are used for insulation. These vacuum insulation elements have a very high thermal resistance with a relatively small layer thickness, so that with a given external volume there is a relatively large usable volume with sufficient thermal insulation. The vacuum insulation elements make it more difficult for the heat to flow both from the outside in and from the inside out, so that the goods to be transported are protected against both excessive heat and excessive cold. Thermally insulated containers are known from the prior art, in which active cooling systems are used for additional cooling. For example, it is known that the interior of the container is tempered by means of an electrical air conditioning system. Systems are also known in which dry ice is evaporated and the resulting cold vapor is used to cool the interior. The disadvantage of these actively cooled containers is that they are extremely sensitive to disturbances. If, for example, the electrical air conditioning system or the fan of the dry ice system is not supplied with sufficient electrical energy, adequate cooling is no longer guaranteed and the transported goods spoil.
Die
Die
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen wärmegedämmten Behälter vorzuschlagen, bei dem die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Vakuumisolationselemente jederzeit auch nach dem Einbau in den Behälter geprüft werden kann.Proceeding from this state of the art, it is therefore the object of the present invention to propose a thermally insulated container in which the functionality of the vacuum insulation elements can be checked at any time, even after installation in the container.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Behälter nach der Lehre des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This problem is solved by a container according to the teaching of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
Die Isolationswirkung der Vakuumisolationselemente hängt maßgeblich davon ab, dass im Vakuumisolationselement ein ausreichend niedriger Innengasdruck herrscht. Je weiter der Innengasdruck im Vakuumisolationselement zunimmt, desto mehr Wärme wird durch das Vakuumisolationselement hindurchgeleitet. Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Vakuumisolationselemente jederzeit auch nach dem Einbau in den Behälter prüfen zu können, weist zumindest ein Vakuumisolationselement ein internes Kontrollsystem zur Kontrolle des Gasdruckes im Innenraum des Vakuumisolationselements auf. Dazu können unterhalb der Hüllfolie beispielsweise Metallplättchen angeordnet werden, wobei der Innengasdruck dann unter Einsatz geeigneter Diagnosegeräte im Bereich der Metallplättchen durch Aufbringung eines Temperatursprungs abgeleitet werden kann.The insulating effect of the vacuum insulation elements largely depends on the internal gas pressure in the vacuum insulation element being sufficiently low. The further the internal gas pressure in the vacuum insulation element increases, the more heat is conducted through the vacuum insulation element. In order to be able to check the functionality of the vacuum insulation elements at any time after installation in the container, at least one vacuum insulation element has an internal control system for checking the gas pressure in the interior of the vacuum insulation element. For this purpose, small metal plates, for example, can be arranged below the enveloping film, in which case the internal gas pressure can then be derived using suitable diagnostic devices in the area of the small metal plates by applying a temperature jump.
Vorgesehen ist, dass das Vakuumisolationselement hinter der Behälterwandung eingebaut ist, beispielsweise bei Verwendung eines doppelwandigen Behälters. Erfindungsgemäß ist in der Behälterwandung eine Revisionsöffnung vorhanden, durch die das Kontrollsystem zur Kontrolle des Innengasdrucks im Vakuumisolationselement zugänglich ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Funktionstüchtigkeit des eingebauten Vakuumisolationselements jederzeit, insbesondere vor dem Beladen, erneut geprüft werden, um Beschädigungen an dem zu transportierenden Gut durch unzureichende Isolation, wie sie beispielsweise durch Mikrolecks in dem Vakuumisolationselement verursacht sein kann, zu vermeiden.Provision is made for the vacuum insulation element to be installed behind the container wall, for example when using a double-walled container. According to the invention, there is an inspection opening in the container wall, through which the control system for checking the internal gas pressure in the vacuum insulation element is accessible. In this way, the functionality of the built-in vacuum insulation element can be checked again at any time, especially before loading, in order to avoid damage to the goods to be transported due to insufficient insulation, such as can be caused by micro-leaks in the vacuum insulation element.
Um die Beschädigung des Vakuumisolationselements durch Eindringen von Fremdkörpern auszuschließen, ist die Revisionsöffnung mit einer Abdeckung verschließbar, die vorzugsweise transparent ist, damit das hinter der Abdeckung befindliche Kontrollsystem von außen in Augenschein genommen werden kann.In order to prevent the vacuum insulation element from being damaged by the ingress of foreign bodies, the inspection opening can be closed with a cover which is preferably transparent, so that the control system located behind the cover can be inspected from the outside.
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Grundgedanken, im Behälter passive Schmelzspeicherelemente, die mit einem geeigneten Schmelzspeichermaterial gefüllt sind, anzuordnen. Derartige Schmelzspeicherelemente haben die Eigenschaft, dass sie eine bestimmte Wärmemenge durch Phasenumwandlung des Schmelzspeichermaterials speichern bzw. abgeben können. Dies bedeutet mit anderen Worten, dass das Schmelzspeichermaterial im Schmelzspeicherelement bei Erwärmung so lange schmilzt, bis der gesamte Vorrat an Schmelzspeichermaterial in die flüssige Phase übergegangen ist. Die zur Phasenumwandlung des Schmelzspeichermaterials erforderliche Wärmeenergie wird somit im Schmelzspeichermaterial gespeichert und führt nicht zu einer Temperaturerhöhung. Wird das Schmelzspeichermaterial umgekehrt abgekühlt, so erstarrt das Schmelzspeichermaterial nach und nach und gibt bei dieser Phasenumwandlung die gespeicherte Wärmemenge ab. Im Ergebnis puffern die Schmelzspeicherelemente somit entsprechend ihrer jeweiligen Kapazität den Wärmefluss bis zum Erreichen der Kapazitätsgrenzen ab.The invention is based on the basic idea of arranging passive melt storage elements, which are filled with a suitable melt storage material, in the container. Have such melt storage elements the property that they can store or emit a certain amount of heat through phase transformation of the melt accumulator material. In other words, this means that the melt storage material in the melt storage element melts when heated until the entire supply of melt storage material has passed into the liquid phase. The thermal energy required for the phase transformation of the melt storage material is thus stored in the melt storage material and does not lead to an increase in temperature. Conversely, if the melt storage material is cooled, the melt storage material gradually solidifies and releases the stored amount of heat during this phase transformation. As a result, the melt storage elements buffer the heat flow according to their respective capacity until the capacity limits are reached.
Je nach Schmelzpunkt des Schmelzspeichermaterials ergeben sich andere Pufferungsbereiche zur Abpufferung des Wärmeflusses. Enthält das Schmelzspeichermaterial beispielsweise Paraffin, wird eine Wärmeflusspufferung im Temperaturbereich oberhalb von 0° C ermöglicht. Ist dagegen im Schmelzspeichermaterial beispielsweise eine Salzlösung enthalten, kann der Wärmefluss im Temperaturbereich unterhalb von 0° C abgepuffert werden.Depending on the melting point of the melt storage material, there are other buffering areas for buffering the heat flow. If the melt storage material contains paraffin, for example, heat flow buffering in the temperature range above 0° C. is made possible. If, on the other hand, the melt storage material contains a salt solution, for example, the heat flow can be buffered in the temperature range below 0°C.
Da jedes Schmelzspeichermaterial abhängig von seinem jeweiligen Schmelzpunkt einen optimalen Pufferungsbereich aufweist, ist es für bestimmte Anwendungen besonders vorteilhaft, wenn im Behälter zumindest zwei verschiedene Schmelzspeicherelemente vorgesehen sind, die jeweils mit unterschiedlichen Schmelzspeichermaterialien gefüllt sind. Durch diese Kombination von unterschiedlichen Schmelzspeichermaterialien in einem Behälter kann der Pufferungsbereich aufgespreizt werden. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die mit unterschiedlichen Schmelzspeichermaterialien gefüllten Schmelzspeicherelemente in mehreren Schichten im Behälter angeordnet sind.Since each melt storage material has an optimal buffering range depending on its respective melting point, it is particularly advantageous for certain applications if at least two different melt storage elements are provided in the container, each of which is filled with different melt storage materials. This combination of different melt storage materials in one container allows the buffering area to be spread out. It is particularly advantageous if the melt storage elements filled with different melt storage materials are arranged in several layers in the container.
Um die Einsatzbereitschaft der Schmelzspeicherelemente prüfen zu können, beispielsweise nach dem Beladen eines Behälters, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn an den Schmelzspeicherelementen Temperaturmesseinrichtungen vorgesehen sind, mit denen die Temperatur des Schmelzspeicherelements gemessen werden kann. Dazu können beispielsweise bekannte Temperatursensoren mit Displays Verwendung finden, die sich in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur verfärben.In order to be able to check the operational readiness of the fusible storage elements, for example after loading a container, it is advantageous if temperature measuring devices are provided on the fusible storage elements with which the temperature of the fusible storage element can be measured. Known temperature sensors with displays that change color depending on the temperature can be used for this purpose, for example.
In welcher Konstruktionsweise die Vakuumisolationselemente ausgebildet sind, ist grundsätzlich beliebig. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird dazu ein Grundkörper verwendet, der mit einer Folie gasdicht umschlossen ist. Der von der Folie gebildete Innenraum wird evakuiert, um dadurch die gewünschten Isolationseigenschaften realisieren zu können. Der Grundkörper selbst gibt dem Vakuumisolationselement die erforderliche mechanische Stabilität, wobei zur Herstellung des Grundkörpers offenporigen Werkstoffe verwendet werden sollten, um eine ausreichende Evakuierbarkeit zu gewährleisten.The design of the vacuum insulation elements is fundamentally arbitrary. According to a preferred embodiment, a base body that is enclosed in a gas-tight manner with a foil is used for this purpose. The interior formed by the film is evacuated in order to be able to achieve the desired insulation properties. The base body itself gives the vacuum insulation element the required mechanical stability, with open-pored materials being used to manufacture the base body in order to ensure adequate evacuation.
Werden folienummantelte Vakuumisolationselemente verwendet, sollten diese vorzugsweise keine überstehenden Randlaschen aus Folie aufweisen, damit die Stoßfuge zwischen benachbarten Vakuumisolationselementen möglichst eng gestaltet werden kann.If film-coated vacuum insulation elements are used, they should preferably not have any protruding edge tabs made of film, so that the butt joint between adjacent vacuum insulation elements can be designed as narrow as possible.
Zur Erhöhung des Wärmeflusswiderstands können die Vakuumisolationselemente auch in mehreren Schichten übereinander oder hintereinander angeordnet werden. Der resultierende Wärmeflusswiderstand ergibt sich dabei im Wesentlichen aus der Addition des Wärmeflusswiderstands der einzelnen Schichten.To increase the heat flow resistance, the vacuum insulation elements can also be arranged in several layers one above the other or one behind the other. The resulting heat flow resistance essentially results from the addition of the heat flow resistance of the individual layers.
Nach einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Behälter in der Art eines Transportcontainers ausgebildet sein. Ist dieser Transportcontainer zudem flugtauglich, können temperaturempfindliche Waren, beispielsweise Medikamente wie insbesondere Impfstoffe, über sehr weite Entfernungen und lange Transportzeiten innerhalb vorgegebener Temperaturtoleranzen transportiert werden.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the container can be designed in the manner of a transport container. If this transport container is also airworthy, temperature-sensitive goods, for example medicines such as vaccines in particular, can be transported over very long distances and long transport times within specified temperature tolerances.
Alternativ dazu kann der Behälter auch in der Art einer Transportbox mit abnehmbarem Deckel ausgebildet sein. Solche Transportboxen sind insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn ein Rücktransport des Behälters nicht vorgesehen ist, sondern der Behälter nach Erreichen des Ziels entsorgt wird.As an alternative to this, the container can also be designed in the manner of a transport box with a removable lid. Such transport boxes are particularly advantageous when the container is not intended to be transported back, but instead the container is disposed of after it has reached its destination.
Um die Kosten der Transportbox zu verringern, ist es denkbar, lediglich Teilbereiche der Behälterwandung der Transportbox, insbesondere Deckel und Boden der Transportbox, mit jeweils zumindest einem Vakuumisolationselement zu isolieren, da beispielsweise Deckel und Boden aufgrund ihrer großen Fläche die relativ größten Wärmemengen durchtreten lassen, wohingegen andere Teile der Behälterwandung von untergeordneter Bedeutung sind.In order to reduce the costs of the transport box, it is conceivable to insulate only partial areas of the container wall of the transport box, in particular the lid and base of the transport box, each with at least one vacuum insulation element, since the lid and base, for example, allow the relatively largest amounts of heat to pass through due to their large area. whereas other parts of the container wall are of secondary importance.
Zur Herstellung der Behälterwandung der Transportbox sind insbesondere geschäumte Kunststoffe geeignet, da dieses Material selbst einen hohen Wärmeflusswiderstand hat und zudem sehr preisgünstig verfügbar ist.Foamed plastics are particularly suitable for producing the container wall of the transport box, since this material itself has a high heat flow resistance and is also available very cheaply.
Durch Einbau von mehreren Vakuumisolationselementen in die verschiedenen Behälterwandungen wird eine verbesserte Schadensredundanz erreicht, da bei Beschädigung eines einzelnen Vakuumisolationselements die Isolationseigenschaften des Behälters nur relativ gering beeinflusst werden.By installing a number of vacuum insulation elements in the various container walls, an improved damage redundancy is achieved, since the insulation properties of the container are only affected to a relatively small extent if a single vacuum insulation element is damaged.
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beispielhaft erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawings and is explained below by way of example.
Es zeigen:
In
Die Behälterwandung 02 des Behälters 01 besteht aus drei rechteckigen Seitenwandelementen 03, einem rechteckigen Bodenelement 04, einem rechteckigen Deckenelement 05 und einem schwenkbar gelagerten Türelement 06. Die drei Seitenwandelemente 03, das Bodenelement 04 und das Deckenelement 05 sind unter Bildung eines rechteckförmigen Innenraums 07 fest miteinander verbunden. Nach Schließen des Türelements 06 wird der Innenraum 07 allseitig umschlossen und ist gegen den Durchfluss von Wärme durch die Behälterwandung 02 mittels Vakuumisolationselementen, die nachfolgend näher beschrieben sind, isoliert.The
Zum Verriegeln des Türelements 06 dient ein Verschlussorgan 08, durch dessen Betätigung in
An der Unterseite des Bodenelements 04 sind zwei Leisten 09 angebracht, durch die ein Zwischenraum zwischen dem Bodenelement 04 und der Aufstandsfläche gebildet wird. In diesen Zwischenraum können die Zinken eines Transportstaplers eingeschoben werden, um den Behälter 01 mit einem Stapler anheben und transportieren zu können. An der Oberseite des Türelements 06 ist in einer Vertiefung ein Datenspeichergerät 10 befestigt und wird nach außen hin von einer Abdeckung 11 geschützt (siehe auch
Der innenseitige Aufbau des Behälters 01 ist aus
In den drei Seitenwandelementen 03, dem Bodenelement 04, dem Deckenelement 05 und dem Türelement 06 sind jeweils Revisionsöffnungen 19 vorgesehen, deren Funktion nachfolgend noch detailliert erläutert wird.
Am Außenumfang des Türelements 06 ist innenseitig eine Dichtlippe 20 befestigt, mit der nach Schließen des Türelements 06 die Trennfuge zwischen dem Türelement 06 einerseits und dem Rand der zwei gegenüberliegenden Seitenwandelemente 03 bzw. dem Rand des Deckenelements 05 und des Bodenelements 04 abgedichtet wird.A sealing
In
Der in
In
In
An jedem Vakuumisolationselement 24 ist ein Kontrollsystem 31 zur Kontrolle des Innengasdrucks vorhanden. Die vier Kontrollsysteme 31 der vier Vakuumisolationselemente 24 sind dabei jeweils benachbart zueinander in der Mitte der Behälterwandung angeordnet, damit die vier verschiedenen Kontrollsysteme 31 durch eine einzige Revisionsöffnung 19 hindurch zugänglich sind.A
In
Der in
Wie aus
Die Funktion des Behälters 01 zur Temperaturisolation soll anhand der in
In
Aus
In
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20156390.5AEP3671078B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP14004268.0AEP2876389B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10322764ADE10322764A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2003-05-19 | Containers with vacuum insulation and melt storage materials |
| PCT/DE2004/000953WO2004104498A2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Heat insulated container |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20156390.5ADivisionEP3671078B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP20156390.5ADivision-IntoEP3671078B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP14004268.0ADivision-IntoEP2876389B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP14004268.0ADivisionEP2876389B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1625338A2 EP1625338A2 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| EP1625338B1 EP1625338B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
| EP1625338B2true EP1625338B2 (en) | 2023-04-12 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04738481.3AExpired - LifetimeEP1625338B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Heat insulated container |
| EP14004268.0ARevokedEP2876389B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP20156390.5AExpired - LifetimeEP3671078B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14004268.0ARevokedEP2876389B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| EP20156390.5AExpired - LifetimeEP3671078B1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-05 | Thermally insulated container |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070051734A1 (en) |
| EP (3) | EP1625338B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10322764A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004104498A2 (en) |
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