




Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Antennenanlage einer Feststation für denMobilfunk zur Aufstellung im Ortsbereich, mit Antennen, einem die Antennenin einer vorgegebenen Höhe über dem Grund haltenden Mast und einemSchaltungskomplex zur Speisung der Antennen.The invention relates to an antenna system of a base station for theMobile radio for installation in the local area, with antennas, the antennasand a mast at a predetermined height above the groundCircuit complex for feeding the antennas.
Funkmasten, insbesondere solche für den Mobilfunk, sollen idealerweise soaufgestellt sein, daß eine flächendeckende Versorgung gewährleistet ist. Für das Mobilfunksystem GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) betrugder Aktionsradius einer Feststation, nämlich einer Sende- und Empfangsstation,die üblicherweise als "BTS" (Base Transceiver System) abgekürzt wird, inAbhängigkeit von der charakteristischen Wellenausbreitung, der örtlichenMorphologie und der regional zu erwartenden Teilnehmerdichte einige Kilometer.Beim bevorstehenden neuen Mobilfunksystem UMTS (Universal MobileTelecommunication System) verkleinert sich der Radius der einzelnen Zelle aufeine Größenordnung von 250 bis 400 m. Die Errichtung eines ausreichenddichten Netzes von Funkmasten hierfür begegnet jedoch erheblichen Schwierigkeiten,nämlich sowohl technischen Schwierigkeiten, wenn für die Funkmastenkein freier Raum zur Verfügung steht, als auch Akzeptanzschwierigkeiten, dieeinerseits aus einer Reserviertheit der Bevölkerung gegenüber der befürchtetenStrahlenbelastung und andererseits aus städtebaulichen Beschränkungen derMöglichkeiten resultieren. Soweit die Stationen auf Dächern oder sonstwie anGebäuden zu montieren sind, stellt auch deren Gewichtsbelastbarkeit eineGrenze dar.Radio masts, especially those for mobile communications, should ideally be like thisbe set up so that a nationwide supply is guaranteed. Forthe mobile radio system was GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)the radius of action of a base station, namely a sending and receiving station,which is usually abbreviated as "BTS" (Base Transceiver System), inDependence on the characteristic wave propagation, the local oneMorphology and the regionally expected number of participants a few kilometers.With the upcoming new UMTS (Universal MobileTelecommunication System) the radius of the individual cell is reducedan order of magnitude of 250 to 400 m. Establishing a sufficientdense network of radio masts for this, however, encounters considerable difficulties,namely both technical difficulties when for the radio mastsno free space is available, as well as acceptance difficulties thaton the one hand, due to a reserved attitude of the population towards the fearedRadiation exposure and on the other hand from urban planning restrictions ofOpportunities result. As far as the stations on roofs or otherwiseBuildings are to be assembled, also their weight-bearing capacityLimit.
Besondere Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich in Altstadtbereichen, in denen zusätzlichzu den optischen Beschränkungen noch die erwähnten räumlichen Beschränkungensehr ins Gewicht fallen, da auf kleinen Plätzen und in Gassen dieAufstellung von Mobilfunkmasten sehr problematisch ist.Particular difficulties arise in old town areas, in which additionalto the optical restrictions, the spatial restrictions mentionedare very important, because in small squares and in alleysSetting up cell towers is very problematic.
Demgegenüber soll durch die Erfindung auch die Mobilfunkversorgung solcherBereiche ermöglicht werden. Diese Möglichkeit ergibt sich dadurch, daß,ausgehend von einer Antennenanlage der eingangs genannten Gattung, derMast ein Straßenlaternenmast ist, der zumindest bereichsweise eine Mast-Außenwandaufweist und der außer wenigstens einer Leuchte zur Straßenbeleuchtungdie Antennen innerhalb der Mast-Außenwand enthält, die zumindestim Bereich der Antennen aus einem für die Funksignal der Antennen durchlässigen,aber undurchsichtigen Material besteht.In contrast, the invention is also intended to provide mobile communications for suchAreas. This possibility arises becausestarting from an antenna system of the type mentioned at the beginning, theMast is a street lamp mast that has an outer mast wall at least in some areasand which has at least one lamp for street lightingcontains the antennas within the mast outer wall, at leastin the area of the antennas from a transparent to the radio signal of the antennas,but opaque material.
Die Laternenmasten, die auch bei engen Straßenverhältnissen vorhanden sindoder zumindest geduldet werden und durch stilistische Anpassung der Außenseite,beispielsweise in Form gußeisener Mastunterteile, optisch an die Umgebunganpaßbar sind, haben beispielsweise eine Höhe zwischen 10 und 22 m.Im oberen Bereich können in das Laternenmastvolumen die Mobilfunkantenneneingebaut werden, die dann durch die funkdurchlässigen, aber optisch undurchsichtigenAußenwandteile verkleidet werden.The lampposts, which are also available in narrow street conditionsor at least be tolerated and by stylistic adjustment of the outside,for example in the form of cast iron mast parts, visually to the environmentare adaptable, for example, have a height between 10 and 22 m.The mobile radio antennas can be seen in the lantern mast volume in the upper areacan be installed, which then through the radio-permeable, but optically opaqueOutside wall parts are clad.
Diese Verkleidung macht eine spezielle Tragestruktur des Mast erforderlich,da die funkdurchlässige Mast-Außenwand, die zumeist aus glasfaserverstärktemKunststoff besteht, keine für einen Mast ausreichende Tragkraft hat. DerLaternenmast ist ja außer seinem eigenen Gewicht auch noch sonstigenBelastungen ausgesetzt, insbesondere der Windkraft und eventuellen Stoßkräften.Zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Trag- und Widerstandskraft enthältvorzugsweise der Mast in den Teilen, in denen die Mast-Außenwand aus fürdie Funksignale durchlässigem Material besteht, eine in seinen Inneren inseiner Längsrichtung verlaufende tragende Struktur, die insbesondere aus einerim Mast verlaufenden zentralen Stange bestehen kann. Diese Stange übernimmtfür die Länge des Antennenbereichs, im allgemeinen also für die obersteTeillänge des Masts, die Tragefunktion, die im übrigen Bereich üblicherweisedie Mast-Außenwand erbringt. Im Antennenbereich um die zentrale Stange sinddie funkdurchlässigen Teile der Mast-Außenwand rohrkanalförmig ausgebildetund werden von der im Rohrkanal verlaufenden zentrale Stange über radialeHalter, die zwischen sich freien Raum für die Durchverlegung von Kabelnlassen, gehalten.This cladding requires a special support structure for the mast,because the radio-permeable mast outer wall, which is mostly made of glass fiber reinforcedPlastic exists, does not have sufficient load capacity for a mast. TheLantern mast is other than its own weightExposed to loads, especially wind power and possible impact forces.To achieve sufficient strength and resistancepreferably the mast in the parts where the mast outer wall is made forthe radio signals are made of permeable material, one inside itits longitudinal direction supporting structure, which consists in particular of acentral rod running in the mast. This rod takes overfor the length of the antenna area, generally for the top onePartial length of the mast, the carrying function that is usual in the rest of the areathe mast outer wall provides. In the antenna area around the central polethe radio-permeable parts of the outer wall of the mast are designed as tubular ductsand are from the central rod running in the pipe channel via radialHolders that have free space between them for laying cableslet, held.
Eine zweckmäßige Höheneinteilung der Mastlänge kann so aussehen, daß derMast, von unten nach oben, folgende Teillängen hat: eine nur der Höhenüberbrückungdienende Teillänge; eine Antennen-Teillänge mit funkdurchlässigerAußenwand und Antennen im Inneren; eine Leuchten-Teillänge, die die wenigstens eine Leuchte, welche ihrerseits wenigstens eine Lampe enthält,trägt; und als oberen Abschluß eine Richtfunk-Teillänge mit einer in einemAntennengehäuse befindlichen Richtfunkantenne. Die Leuchten können hierbeinahezu sämtliche für Straßenlaternen verwendeten Bauformen haben, siekönnen sich um den Mast erstrecken oder an diesem über einen oder mehrereAusleger befestigt sein.An appropriate height division of the mast length can look so that theMast, from bottom to top, has the following partial lengths: one only for bridging the heightserving part length; a partial antenna length with radio permeableOuter wall and antennas inside; a partial length of light that theat least one lamp, which in turn contains at least one lamp,wearing; and as the upper end a radio link partial length with one in oneDirectional radio antenna located. The lights can do thisthey have almost all of the designs used for street lampscan extend around the mast or on this over one or moreBoom attached.
Der Laternenmast bietet naturgemäß keinen ausreichenden Raum für den inder Fachwelt als "Technik" bezeichneten Schaltungskomplex, der die Verwaltungder Funkschnittstelle, die Reservierung und Freigabe von Funkkanälen,die Steuerung von Funkrufen und die Signalverarbeitung durchführt. DieserSchaltungskomplex ist in einem oder mehreren Schaltschränken untergebracht,die je nach Auslegung und Umgebungstemperatur auch noch der Kühlungbedürfen. Grundsätzlich kann der Schaltungskomplex in einem in der Nähe desLaternenmasts befindlichen Gebäude untergebracht und mit dem Laternenmastüber Kabel verbunden sein. Sofern hierfür kein Gebäude zur Verfügung steht,stellt es eine bevorzugte Lösung dar, daß der Schaltungskomplex zumindestteilweise in einem im Untergrund versenkten Gehäuse untergebracht ist. Dereventuelle Wärmeabgabeteil eines Wärmepumpen-Kreislaufs ist allerdingstrotzdem vorzugsweise über der Oberfläche angeordnet, beispielsweise untereiner im Freien stehenden Sitzbank. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsformsind im versenkten Gehäuse auch Stromzähler und eine Stromspeiseschaltungfür die Lampe(n) der Leuchte(n) untergebracht. Eine bevorzugteArchitektur des Gehäuses ist die, daß das versenkte Gehäuse einen Köcher fürdie Verankerung des Masts umfaßt und in zwei zugängliche Räume geteilt ist,von denen einer die Stromzähler und die Stromspeiseschaltung für die Lampenenthält und der andere, der gegenüber dem ersteren Raum verschließbar ist,den Schaltungskomplex zur Speisung der Antennen enthält, so daß einerseitseine kompakte Konstruktion vorliegt, die alle Anforderungen erfüllt, undandererseits gewährleistet ist, daß die für die Ablesung des Stromzählers und für die Stromversorgung der Lampen zuständigen Personen nicht ohne weiteresZutritt zum Schaltungskomplex für den Mobilfunk haben.The lamppost naturally does not offer sufficient space for the inThe circuitry known to the experts as "technology", which is responsible for the administrationthe radio interface, the reservation and release of radio channels,controls paging and signal processing. ThisCircuitry is housed in one or more cabinets,depending on the design and ambient temperature also coolingrequire. Basically, the circuit complex in a near theThe lamppost is located in the building and the lamppostbe connected by cable. If no building is available for this,it is a preferred solution that the circuit complex at leastis partially housed in a submerged housing. Thepossible heat emission part of a heat pump cycle is howevernevertheless preferably arranged above the surface, for example belowan outdoor bench. According to a preferred embodimentthere are also electricity meters and a power supply circuit in the recessed housingfor the lamp (s) of the lamp (s) housed. A preferred oneArchitecture of the case is that the recessed case is a quiver forthe mast is anchored and divided into two accessible spaces,one of which is the electricity meter and the power supply for the lampscontains and the other, which is lockable from the former room,contains the circuit complex for feeding the antennas, so that on the one handthere is a compact design that meets all requirements, andon the other hand, it is ensured that for reading the electricity meter andnot responsible for the power supply of the lampsHave access to the circuit complex for mobile radio.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sichaus der folgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels unterBezugnahme auf die Zeichnung. Es zeigen:
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Antennen-Laternen-Mast 1 mit einer Leuchte 2, die eineLampe 3 enthält und als Straßenlaterne dient, beispielsweise in einem innerstädtischenBereich. Die Lampe 3 ist als Ringröhrenlampe in einer Leuchte mitkonischem Schirm dargestellt, die Erfindung ist jedoch auf die verschiedensten Leuchten- und Lampenformen anwendbar, beispielsweise solche, die an vomMast 1 ausgehenden Auslegern sitzen. Der Mast 1 ist beispielsweise zwischen10 und 22 m hoch und ist bodenseitig in einen Beton-Köcher 4 eingesetzt unddort vergossen.Fig. 1 shows an antenna lantern mast 1 with a
Der dargestellte Mast 1 hat eine rohrförmige Außenwand 8, die mehrereTeillängen umfaßt, nämlich eine untere Teillänge in Form eines Stahlrohrs 9,ein undurchsichtiges, jedoch für Funksignale durchlässiges Rohr 10 ausglasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK), und schließlich als oberen Abschlußeine Kappe 11, die wiederum aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht. Vonunten her sind verschiedene Kabel 12 durch den rohrförmigen Mast 1 nachoben gezogen.The mast 1 shown has a tubular
Im oberen Teil des Masts befinden sich, wie mit größerer Deutlichkeit in Fig.2 gezeigt ist, Mobilfunkantennen 16, die zweigeschossig übereinander angeordnetsind und in jeder Geschoßebene drei Antennen umfassen, die in dreiverschiedene Richtungen senden bzw. aus diesen Richtungen empfangenkönnen; in Fig. 5 sind die Keulen der Antennen 16 durch Pfeile 17 angedeutet.Die Mobilfunkantennen 16 befinden sich im durch das GFK-Rohr 10 gebildeten,funkdurchlässigen Außenwandteil der Mast-Außenwand 8 und sind durchdieses GFK-Rohr 10 so verkleidet, daß sie von außen unsichtbar sind, jedochpraktisch unbeeinträchtigt senden und empfangen können. In der Mastspitzebefindet sich in der GFK-Kappe 11 eine Richtfunkantenne 18, deren Keule durcheinen Pfeil 19 angedeutet ist. Die Richtfunkantenne 18 sitzt auf einer Drehtelleranordnung20, deren Drehachse koaxial zur Zylinderachse der Mast-Außenwand8 und somit auch zum Umfang der GFK-Kappe 11 ist und etwa mittigdurch die Antenne 18 einschließlich deren Halterung verläuft, die also denRaum innerhalb der Kappe 11 weitgehend ausfüllt und darin trotz der beengtenRaumverhältnisse, die der Laternenmast bietet, in Drehrichtung verstellt undjustiert werden kann.In the upper part of the mast, as is more clearly shown in Fig.2,
Während das Stahlrohr 9 eine ausreichend stabile und tragekräftige Strukturdes Antennen-Laternen-Masts 1 ergibt, ist dies beim GFK-Rohr 10 nicht der Fall.Die Tragfunktion übernimmt hier bis hinaus in den Bereich der Richtfunkantenne18 eine Stange 25, die wiederum rohrförmig ist und auch als Innenrohrbezeichnet werden kann. Die Stange 25 kann, wenn sie rohrförmig ist, beispielsweisedurch ein Standard-90 mm-Rohr gebildet sein. Sie hat zwar einegeringere Biegesteifigkeit als das Stahlrohr 9, für die betroffene Teillänge desMasts und angesichts der Anordnung im Bereich der Mastspitze genügt siejedoch. Die Stange 25 ist mit der Mast-Außenwand 8 über sternartige oderspeichenradartige Halter 26 verbunden, die bei der dargestellten Ausführungsformkreuzförmig sind (Fig. 4). Sie sind innen fest mit der Stange 25 verbundenund sind außen beispielsweise durch Verschraubung mit dem jeweiligen Teilder Außenwand 8 verbunden. Im unteren Teil, nämlich im Stahlrohr 9, habendie Halter 26 die Funktion, die Stange 25 stabil zu halten; im oberen Teil,nämlich im GFK-Rohr 10, haben die Halter 26 die Aufgabe, das Rohr 10 zuhalten. Aufgrund des Zwischenraums zwischen den radialen Teilen, die denHalter 26 bilden, können die Kabel 12 die im unteren Bereich in Kabelschienen27 verlegt sind, durch die Halter 26 hindurch nach oben gezogen werden.Kabelhalterungen 28 halten die Kabelschienen 27 bzw. die Kabel 12.While the
Die Mobilfunkantennen 16 sitzen über Klemmhülsen 29 fest an der Stange 25,und die Drehtelleranordnung sitzt - gegebenenfalls, bei wechselnden Funkrichtungen,einschließlich eines Elektromotors - am oberen Ende der Stange25. Auch die Leuchte 2 mit der Lampe 3 wird von der Stange 25 getragen. Diebeim beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel hierfür angewandte Befestigungsweiseist in den Fig.n 7 bis 9 veranschaulicht. Gemäß Fig. 7 ist an der Stange 25 einin Fig. 8 dargestellter Flanschring 32 befestigt, der zur Freilassung von Durchgängen33 für die Kabel 12 mit radialen Speichen 34 gebaut ist. Vom Umfangsteildieses Flanschrings stehen nach innen einzelne Flansche 35 mit Schraublöchernvor. Der Flanschring 32 kann, wie in Fig. 7 auf einer Seite dargestellt ist, auch noch eine kreisringartig umlaufende Nut 36 zum Einstecken des GFK-Rohrs10 haben.The
Auf den Flanschring 32 ist ein ebenfalls mit Schraublöchern versehener, in Fig.9 gezeigter Leuchtenring 40 aufgeschraubt, und tragende Teile der Leuchte 2sind zwischen die Ringe 35 und 40 eingespannt oder sind an den Leuchtenring40 angeschweißt oder, wie in Fig. 7 angedeutet, integral mit diesem ausgebildet.On the
Der Mast 1 ist, wie erwähnt, mit dem Sockel seiner Mast-Außenwand 8 imKöcher 4 verankert. Gemäß den Fig.n 10 und 11 ist der Köcher 4 Teil desGehäuses 42 einer unterirdischen Kammer 43, die Schaltschränke 44 mitSchaltungskomplexen enthält, die zur Signalverarbeitung, zur Verbindung derAntennen 16, 18 mit einem Festnetz und/oder fest verlegten Kabeln usw.benötigt werden. Die Schaltschränke 44 werden als "Technikschränke" bezeichnet.Die unterirdische Kammer 43 enthält weiterhin als elektrische EinrichtungenStromzähler 45 und Strom-Unterverteiler 46. Vom Stromzähler 45 verläuftim Betonblock des Gehäuses 42 ein Kanal 47 für (nicht dargestellte) Stromkabelzum Mast 1.The mast 1 is, as mentioned, with the base of its mast
Die Kammer 43 besteht beim dargestellten Beispiel aus zwei Teilkammern 51und 52, die durch eine verschließbare Stahltüre 53 getrennt sind. Über einennicht im einzelnen dargestellten Einstieg 54 kann ein Zählerableser zwar in dieerste Kammer 51 gelangen, den Schlüssel für die zweite Kammer 52, in der sichdie Schaltschränke 44 befinden, hat jedoch nur das autorisierte Personal derbeteiligten Mobilfunkbetreiber. Die Kammern haben Gitterböden 55, unterdenen sich eventuell einsickerndes Wasser sammeln kann, das dann über einepräparierte Installation abpumpbar ist.In the example shown, the
Beim dargestellten Beispiel befindet sich in der Teilkammer 52, die den Schaltungskomplex enthält, auch eine Klimatisierung, die insbesondere eineKühlung ist. Hierzu befinden sich innerhalb der Kammer ein Klima-Innengerät56 und außen, überirdisch, ein Klima-Außengerät 57, die miteinander übereinen (nicht dargestellten) Wärmepumpenkreislauf verbunden sind.In the example shown is in the sub-chamber 52, theCircuit complex also includes air conditioning, in particular aCooling is. For this purpose there is an indoor air conditioning unit inside the
Im Köcher 4 ist das Stahlrohr 9 mit einem Ringspalt 61 in der Größenordnungvon 1 cm radialer Breite umgeben. Bei der Errichtung des Antennen-Laternen-Masts1 wird dieser Ringspalt 61 mit einem passenden Baustoff vergossen wiebeispielsweise mit Bitumenharz, das beim Abbinden vollkommen hart wird.In the
Der dargestellte Antennen-Laternen-Mast 1 ist hinsichtlich der Zahl seinerAntennen und der Schaltschränke für den Gebrauch durch zwei Mobilfunkbetreiberdimensioniert. An Plätzen, an denen sehr hohe Antennen-Latemen-Masten1 aufgestellt werden können, können auch mehr Antennen und Schaltschränkeinstalliert werden, niedrigere Masten eignen sich unter Umständennur für einen einzigen Mobilfunkbetreiber. Soweit mehrere Mobilfunkbetreibernahe beieinander liegende Antennen-Laternen-Masten jeweils einzeln betreiben,können die Schaltungskomplexe in den Schaltschränken 44 für mehrere Mastenin einem gemeinsamen unterirdischen Gehäuse 42 zusammengefaßt sein.The antenna lantern mast 1 shown is in number of itsAntennas and the cabinets for use by two mobile operatorsdimensioned. In places with very high antenna masts1 can be set up, more antennas and control cabinets can be installedinstalled, lower masts may be suitableonly for a single mobile operator. So far, several mobile operatorsoperate antenna lampposts close to each other individually,can the circuit complexes in the
Der Mastquerschnitt ist nicht auf die Kreisform beschränkt. Andere Formen,beispielsweise als polygonale Prismen, ergeben unter Umständen andereHalterungskonstruktionen. Die Antennenkeulen sollen aber rechtwinklig zurMast-Außenwand, also im Polygonalfall gerade durch den ebenen Wandteil,gerichtet sein. Der Köcher für den Mast kann über den Erdboden hinaus gehen,aus Beton oder beispielsweise aus Stein oder Gußeisen bestehen und durchReliefs verziert sein, um die Anpassung an die Umgebung zu erleichtern. Soweitfür einen einzelnen Antennen-Laternen-Mast keine Richtfunkantenne benötigtwird, kann die Leuchte 2 den oberen Abschluß des Masts darstellen, es könnenjedoch auch Mobilfunk-Antennengeschoße noch über die Leuchte 2 überstehen.The mast cross section is not limited to the circular shape. Other forms,for example as polygonal prisms, may result in othersSupport structures. The antenna beams should be perpendicular toOuter wall of the mast, i.e. in the polygonal case straight through the flat wall part,be directed. The quiver for the mast can go over the ground,consist of concrete or, for example, stone or cast iron and throughReliefs are decorated to facilitate adaptation to the environment. So farno directional antenna is required for a single antenna lantern mastthe
Die Mast-Außenwand 8 hat einen Außendurchmesser in der Größenordnungvon 300 - 400 mm. Sie kann im unteren Teil des Masts, nämlich in Personen-Reichweitevom umgebenden Boden aus, eine kleine Türe enthalten, hinter derein Schaltkasten für die Straßenlaterne sitzt.The mast
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02020876AEP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02020876AEP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1401048A1true EP1401048A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02020876AWithdrawnEP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1401048A1 (en) |
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