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EP1082314B1 - New dipeptidyl peptidase iv effectors - Google Patents

New dipeptidyl peptidase iv effectors
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EP1082314B1
EP1082314B1EP99926464AEP99926464AEP1082314B1EP 1082314 B1EP1082314 B1EP 1082314B1EP 99926464 AEP99926464 AEP 99926464AEP 99926464 AEP99926464 AEP 99926464AEP 1082314 B1EP1082314 B1EP 1082314B1
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salts
composition according
allo
compound
dipeptide
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1082314A1 (en
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Hans-Ulrich Demuth
Konrad Glund
Dagmar Schlenzig
Susanne Kruber
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Vivoryon Therapeutics AG
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Probiodrug AG
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Priority to EP02005353Aprioritypatent/EP1214936B1/en
Priority to EP04005976Aprioritypatent/EP1428533B1/en
Priority to EP03001324Aprioritypatent/EP1304327B1/en
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Abstract

Valyl-thiazolidide (Ia), valyl-pyrrolidide (Ib), and salts of these, are new.

Description

Translated fromGerman

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Dipeptidverbindungen bzw.zu Dipeptidverbindungen analoge Verbindungen, die aus einerAminosäure und einer Thiazolidin- oder Pyrrolidingruppe gebildetwerden, und deren Salze, im weiteren Dipeptidverbindungengenannt, und die Verwendung der Verbindungen zur Behandlungvon beeinträchtigter Glukosetoleranz, Glukosurie, Hyperlipidämie,metabolischen Azidosen, Diabetes mellitus, diabetischerNeuropathie und Nephropathie sowie von durch Diabetes mellitusverursachten Folgeerkrankungen von Säugern.The present invention relates to dipeptide compounds orCompounds analogous to dipeptide compounds which consist of aAmino acid and a thiazolidine or pyrrolidine groupbe, and their salts, further dipeptide compoundscalled, and the use of the compounds for treatmentimpaired glucose tolerance, glucosuria, hyperlipidemia,metabolic acidosis, diabetes mellitus, diabeticNeuropathy and nephropathy, as well as from diabetes mellitussecondary diseases caused by mammals.

Die Erfindung betrifft also auch ein einfaches Verfahren zurSenkung der Blutzuckerkonzentration von Säugern mit Hilfe vonDipeptidverbindungen als aktivitätsmindernde Effektoren (Substraten,Pseudosubstraten, Inhibitoren, Bindungsproteinen, Antikörpernu. a.) für Enzyme mit vergleichbarer oder identischerAktivität zur enzymatischen Aktivität des Enzyms DipeptidylPeptidase IV.The invention therefore also relates to a simple method forLowering the blood sugar concentration in mammals with the help ofDipeptide compounds as activity-reducing effectors (substrates,Pseudo-substrates, inhibitors, binding proteins, antibodiesu. a.) for enzymes with comparable or identicalActivity on the enzymatic activity of the enzyme dipeptidylPeptidase IV.

DP IV- bzw. DP IV-analoge Aktivität (z. B. besitzt die cytosolischeDP II eine der DP IV nahezu identische Substratspezifität)kommt im Blutkreislauf vor, wo sie hochspezifisch Dipeptidevom N-Terminus biologisch aktiver Peptide abspaltet,wenn Prolin oder Alanin die benachbarten Reste der N-terminalenAminosäure in deren Sequenz darstellen.DP IV or DP IV analog activity (e.g. has cytosolic activityDP II a substrate specificity almost identical to the DP IV)occurs in the bloodstream where they are highly specific dipeptidescleaved from the N-terminus of biologically active peptides,when proline or alanine are the adjacent residues of the N-terminalRepresent amino acid in its sequence.

Die Glukose-abhängigen insulinotropen Polypeptide: Gastric InhibitoryPolypeptide 1-2 (GIP1-42) und Glucagon-Like PeptideAmide-1 7-36 (GLP-17-36), also Hormone, die die GlukoseinduzierteInsulinsekretion des Pankreas stimulieren (auch Incretinegenannt), sind Substrate der DP IV, da diese von den N-terminalen Sequenzen dieser Peptide die Dipeptide Tyrosinyl-Alaninbzw. Histidyl-Alanin in vitro und in vivo abspaltenkann.The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides: Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptides 1-2 (GIP1-42 ) and Glucagon-Like Peptide Amide-1 7-36 (GLP-17-36 ),i.e. hormones that stimulate the glucose-induced insulin secretion of the pancreas ( also called incretins), are substrates of the DP IV, since it can split off the dipeptides tyrosinyl-alanine or histidyl-alanine from the N-terminal sequences of these peptides in vitro and in vivo.

Die Reduktion derartiger DP IV- bzw. DP IV-analoger Enzymaktivitätzur Spaltung solcher Substratein vivo kann dazu dienen,unerwünschte Enzymaktivität unter Laborbedingungen wie auchbei pathologischen Zuständen von Säuger-Organismen wirksam zuunterdrücken. Z.B. basiertDiabetes mellitus Typ II (auch Altersdiabetes)auf einer verminderten Insulinsekretion bzw.Störungen in der Rezeptorfunktion, die u.a. in proteolytischbedingten Konzentrationsanomalien der Incretine begründetsind.The reduction of such DP IV- or DP IV-analogous enzyme activity for the cleavage of such substratesin vivo can serve to effectively suppress undesired enzyme activity under laboratory conditions as well as under pathological conditions of mammalian organisms. For example,diabetes mellitus type II (also age-related diabetes) is based on reduced insulin secretion or disorders in the receptor function, which are due, among other things, to proteolytic concentration anomalies of the incretin.

Hyperglykämie und damit verbundene Ursachen bzw. Folgeerscheinungen(auchDiabetes mellitus) werden nach gegenwärtigemStand der Technik durch die Verabreichung von Insulin (z.B.von aus Rinderpankreas isoliertem oder auch gentechnisch gewonnenemMaterial) an erkrankte Organismen in verschiedenenDarreichungsformen behandelt. Alle bisher bekannten, wie auchmodernere Verfahren, zeichnen sich durch hohen Materialaufwand,hohe Kosten und oft durch entscheidende Beeinträchtigungender Lebensqualität der Patienten aus. Die klassische Methode(täglichei.v. Insulin-Injektion, üblich seit den dreißigerJahren) behandelt die akuten Krankheitssymptome, führtaber nach längerer Anwendung u. a. zu schweren Gefäßveränderungen(Arteriosklerose) und Nervenschädigungen.According to the current state of the art, hyperglycaemia and the associated causes or sequelae (includingdiabetes mellitus ) are treated by administering insulin (eg material isolated from bovine pancreas or genetically derived material) to diseased organisms in various dosage forms. All previously known, as well as more modern procedures, are characterized by high material expenditure, high costs and often by decisive impairments of the quality of life of the patients. The classic method (dailyiv . Insulin injection, common since the 1930s) treats the acute symptoms of the disease, but after prolonged use it leads to severe vascular changes (arteriosclerosis) and nerve damage.

Neuerdings wird die Installation subkutaner Depot-Implantate(die Insulinabgabe erfolgt dosiert, und die täglichen Injektionenentfallen) sowie die Implantation (Transplantation) intakterLangerhansscher Zellen in die funktionsgestörte Pankreasdrüse oder andere Organe und Gewebe vorgeschlagen. DerartigeTransplantationen sind technisch aufwendig. Weiterhinstellen sie einen risikobehafteten chirurgischen Eingriff inden Empfängerorganismus dar und verlangen auch bei Zellverpflanzungennach Methoden zur Suppression bzw. der Umgehungdes Immunsystems.Recently, the installation of subcutaneous depot implants(Insulin delivery is metered, and daily injectionsomitted) and the implantation (transplantation) more intactLangerhans cells in the dysfunctional pancreasor other organs and tissues are proposed. suchTransplants are technically complex. Fartherput a risky surgical procedure inrepresent the recipient organism and also require cell transplantsby methods of suppression or bypassingof the immune system.

Die Verwendung von Alanyl-Pyrrolidid und Isoleucyl-Thiazolididals Inhibitoren von DP IV bzw. von zu DP IV analoger Enzymaktivitätist bereits aus der WO 97/40832 (PCT/DE 97/00820) und die Verwendungvon Isoleucyl-Pyrrolidid und Isoleucyl-Thiazolidid-Hydrochloridbereits aus der DD 296 075 bekannt. Bei dem indiesem Stand der Technik eingesetzten Isoleucyl-Thiazolididhandelt es sich um natürliches, also L-threo-Isoleucyl-Thiazolidid:Zum Prioritätsdatum und noch am Anmeldetag derbeiden Druckschriften stand nur diese, die natürliche Form vonIsoleucyl-Thiazolidid zur Verfügung.The use of alanyl pyrrolidide and isoleucyl thiazolidideas inhibitors of DP IV or of enzyme activity analogous to DP IVis already from WO 97/40832 (PCT / DE 97/00820) and the useof isoleucyl pyrrolidide and isoleucyl thiazolidide hydrochloridealready known from DD 296 075. At the inIsoleucyl-thiazolidide used in this prior artit is natural, i.e. L-threo-isoleucyl-thiazolidide:On the priority date and on the filing date of theIn both publications there was only this, the natural form ofIsoleucyl thiazolidide is available.

Es ist festgestellt worden, daß diese Verbindungen, insbesondereL-threo-Isoleucyl-Thiazolidid, gute Effektoren für DP IVund DP IV analoge Enzymaktivitäten sind. Bei der Verwendungdieser Verbindung können bei einigen Patienten bzw. Krankheitsformenjedoch gewisse Probleme auftreten:It has been found that these compounds, in particularL-threo-isoleucyl-thiazolidide, good effectors for DP IVand DP IV are analogous enzyme activities. When usingThis connection can occur in some patients or disease formshowever certain problems occur:

Je nach Symptomen und Schwere z.B. von Diabetes mellitus, wärees z.B. wünschenswert, Effektoren zur Verfügung zu haben, dieeine andere Wirkung als die bekannten Verbindungen aufweisen:So ist bekannt, daß Diabetes-mellitus-Patienten individuell"eingestellt" werden müssen, um eine optimale Behandlung ihrerKrankheit zu ermöglichen. So sollte bei einigen Fällen z.B.eine verringerte Aktivität von DP IV Effektoren ausreichen.Auch könnte eine zu hohe Inhibitor Aktivität und die permanente Verabreichung desselben Medikaments insbesondere wegen derlebenslangen Dauer der Behandlung unerwünschte Nebenwirkungenzur Folge haben. Weiter könnte es auch wünschenwert sein, gewisseTransporteigenschaften zur Erhöhung der Resorptionsgeschwindigkeitder Effektoren in vivo zu verbessern.Depending on the symptoms and severity, e.g. diabetes mellitusit e.g. desirable to have effectors available thathave a different effect than the known compounds:So it is known that diabetes mellitus patients are individualmust be "set" to get the best treatment from theirTo enable disease. For example, in some casesa reduced activity of DP IV effectors is sufficient.Also, inhibitor activity could be too high and permanentAdministration of the same drug especially because of thelifelong duration of treatment undesirable side effectshave as a consequence. It could also be desirable, certainTransport properties to increase the rate of absorptionto improve the effectors in vivo.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, neue (insbesondere aktivitätsminderhde)Effektoren zur Behandlung von z.B. beeinträchtigterGlukosetoleranz, Glukosurie, Hyperlipidämie, metabolischenAzidosen, Diabetes mellitus, diabetischer Neuropathieund Nephropathie sowie von durch Diabetes mellitus verursachtenFolgeerkrankungen von Säugern und ein einfaches Verfahrenzur Behandlung dieser Krankheiten bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is therefore to develop new (in particular reduced activity)Effectors for the treatment of e.g. impairedGlucose tolerance, glucosuria, hyperlipidemia, metabolicAcidosis, diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathyand nephropathy, as well as those caused by diabetes mellitusConsequences of mammals and a simple procedureto treat these diseases.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Bereitstellungvon Dipeptidverbindungen bzw. Analoga von Dipeptiden, die auseiner Aminosäure und einer Thiazolidin- oder Pyrrolidingruppegebildet werden, und deren Salze gelöst.This object is achieved by the provisionof dipeptide compounds or analogues of dipeptides, which consist ofan amino acid and a thiazolidine or pyrrolidine groupare formed, and their salts are dissolved.

Bei der - vorzugsweise oralen - Verabreichung dieser Effektorenan einen Säugerorganismus werden die endogenen (oder zusätzlichexogen verabreichten) insulinotropen Peptide GIP1-42und GLP-17-36 (o.a. GLP-17-37 oder deren Analoga) durch DP IVoderDP IV-ähnliche Enzyme vermindert abgebaut und damit dieKonzentrationsabnahme dieser Peptidhormone bzw. ihrer Analogaverringert bzw. verzögert. Der Erfindung liegt also der Befundzugrunde, daß eine Reduktion der im Blutkreislauf agierendenDP IV- oder DP IV-ähnlichen enzymatischen Aktivität zur Beeinflussungdes Blutzuckerspiegels führt. Es wurde gefunden, daß

  • 1. die Verminderung von DP IV- bzw. DP IV-analoger Aktivitätzu relativer Stabilitätserhöhung der Glukosestimulierten, oder extern zugeführten Incretine (oder derenAnaloga) führt, d.h. durch Applikation von Effektoren der DPIV bzw. DP IV-anloger Proteine der Incretin-Abbau im Blut kontrolliertwerden kann;
  • 2. die erhöhte biologische Abbaustabilität der Incretine(oder ihrer Analoga) eine Wirkungsveränderung endogenen Insulinszur Folge hat;
  • 3. die durch Reduktion der DP IV- bzw. DP IV-analogen enzymatischenAktivität im Blut erzielte Stabilitätserhöhung derIncretine in einer nachfolgenden Veränderung der GlukoseinduziertenInsulinwirkung resultiert und damit zu einer mittelsDP IV-Effektoren kontrollierbaren Modulierung des Blut-Glukosespiegelsführt.
  • In the - preferably oral - administration of these effectors to a mammalian organism, the endogenous (or additionally exogenously administered) insulinotropic peptides GIP1-42 and GLP-17-36 (or GLP-17-37 or their analogs) are produced by DP IV or DP IV-like enzymes are broken down to a reduced extent and thus the concentration decrease of these peptide hormones or their analogs is reduced or delayed. The invention is therefore based on the finding that a reduction in the DP IV- or DP IV-like enzymatic activity acting in the bloodstream leads to an influence on the blood sugar level. It was found that
  • 1. the reduction in DP IV- or DP IV-analogous activity leads to a relative increase in stability of the glucose-stimulated or externally supplied incretins (or their analogs), ie by application of effectors of the DP IV or DP IV-analogous proteins of the incretin Breakdown in blood can be controlled;
  • 2. the increased biodegradability of the incretins (or their analogues) results in a change in the action of endogenous insulin;
  • 3. The increase in stability of the incretins achieved by reducing the DP IV or DP IV analog enzymatic activity in the blood results in a subsequent change in the glucose-induced insulin action and thus leads to a modulation of the blood glucose level which can be controlled by means of DP IV effectors.
  • Insbesondere sind dazu erfindungsgemäß Dipeptidverbindungengeeignet, bei denen die Aminosäure aus einer natürlichen Aminosäure,wie z.B. Leucin, Valin, Glutamin, Prolin, Isoleucin,Asparagin oder Asparaginsäure, ausgewählt wird.Dipeptide compounds according to the invention are in particular for this purposesuitable where the amino acid is a natural amino acid,such as. Leucine, valine, glutamine, proline, isoleucine,Asparagine or aspartic acid is selected.

    Die möglichst orale Applikation der erfindungsgemäßen hochaffinen,niedermolekularen Enzyminhibitoren ist eine kostengünstigereAlternative z.B. zu invasiven chirurgischen Technikenbei der Behandlung pathologischer Erscheinungen. Durch chemischesDesign von Stabilitäts-, Transport- und Clearance-Eigenschaftenkann deren Wirkungsweise modifiziert und auf individuelleEigenschaften abgestimmt werden.The oral application of the high-affinity,low molecular weight enzyme inhibitors is a less expensiveAlternative e.g. on invasive surgical techniquesin the treatment of pathological symptoms. Through chemicalDesign of stability, transport and clearance propertiestheir mode of action can be modified and customizedProperties are matched.

    Wie vorstehend erwähnt, kann es z.B. bei der Dauerbehandlungvon Diabetes mellitus erforderlich sein, Effektoren mit einerdefinierten Aktivität zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit denen individuelle Bedürfnisse von Patienten erfüllt bzw. Symptome behandeltwerden können. Die erfindungsgemäßen Dipeptidverbindungenweisen daher bei einer Konzentration (der Dipeptidverbindungen)von 10 µM, insbesondere bei den in Tabelle 1 angegebenenBedingungen, eine Aktivitätsminderung von DipeptidylPeptidase IV bzw. DP IV-analoger Enzymaktivitäten von mindestens10, bevorzugt von mindestens 40 % auf. Häufig ist aucheine Aktivitätsminderung von mindestens 60 % bzw. mindestens70 % erforderlich. Bevorzugte Effektoren können auch eine Aktivitätsminderungvon maximal 20 % bzw. 30 % aufweisen. Weiterhinsind die Transporteigenschaften der vorliegenden Verbindungen,insbesondere durch den Peptidtransporter Pep T1deutlich verbessert.As mentioned above, e.g. in long-term treatmentof diabetes mellitus, effectors with ato provide defined activity with which individualPatient needs met or symptoms treatedcan be. The dipeptide compounds according to the inventiontherefore indicate at a concentration (of the dipeptide compounds)of 10 µM, in particular for those given in Table 1Conditions, a decrease in activity of dipeptidylPeptidase IV or DP IV-analogous enzyme activities of at least10, preferably from at least 40%. Is common tooan activity reduction of at least 60% or at least70% required. Preferred effectors can also reduce activityof maximum 20% or 30%. Fartherare the transport properties of the existing connections,especially through the peptide transporter Pep T1clearly improved.

    Besonders bevorzugte Dipeptidverbindungen sind L-allo-Isoleucyl-Thiazolididund seine Salze. Diese Verbindungen weisenim Verhältnis zu L-threo-Isoleucyl-Thiazolidid bei in etwagleichgroßer Wirkung bezüglich der Glukosemodulation überraschenderweiseeinen ca. fünffach besseren Transport durch denPeptidtransporter Pep T1 auf.Particularly preferred dipeptide compounds are L-allo-isoleucyl-thiazolidideand its salts. These connections pointin relation to L-threo-isoleucyl-thiazolidide at approximatelyequally great effect with regard to glucose modulation surprisinglyan approximately five times better transport through thePeptide transporter Pep T1.

    Weitere bevorzugte Verbindungen werden in Tabelle 1 angegeben.Further preferred compounds are given in Table 1.

    Die Salze der erfindungsgemäßen Dipeptidverbindungen könnenz.B. organische Salze wie Acetate, Succinate, Tartrate oderFumarate oder anorganische Säurereste wie Phosphate oder Sulfatesein. Besonders bevorzugt werden die Fumarate, die einehervorragende Wirkung bei einer überraschend hohen Stabilitätgegenüber Hydrolyse aufweisen und wesentlich weniger löslichsind als die Hydrochloride. Diese Eigenschaften sind auch beider Galenik von Vorteil.The salts of the dipeptide compounds according to the invention cane.g. organic salts such as acetates, succinates, tartrates orFumarates or inorganic acid residues such as phosphates or sulfateshis. The fumarates, the oneexcellent effect with a surprisingly high stabilityexhibit hydrolysis and much less solubleare than the hydrochlorides. These properties are also atthe galenics are an advantage.

    Ferner werdenL-allo Isoleucyl Pyrrolididund seine Salze, insbesondere die Fumarsalze, bevorzugt.FurthermoreL-allo isoleucyl pyrrolidideand its salts, especially the fumarate salts.

    Die Salze der Dipeptidverbindungen können in einem molarenVerhältnis von Dipeptid(analogon)komponente zu Salzkomponentevon 1 : 1 oder 2 : 1 vorliegen. Ein derartiges Salz ist z.B.(Ile-Thia)2 Fumarsäure.The salts of the dipeptide compounds can be present in a molar ratio of dipeptide (analogue) component to salt component of 1: 1 or 2: 1. Such a salt is, for example, (Ile-Thia)2 fumaric acid.

    Besonders bevorzugte Salze sind die Fumarsalze vonL-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid.Particularly preferred salts are the fumarate salts ofL-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide.

    Die Erfindung betrifft somit Effektoren der Dipeptidyl PeptidaseIV (DP IV)- bzw. DP IV-analoger Enzymaktivität und derenVerwendung zur Senkung des Blutzuckerspiegels unter die fürHyperglykämie charakteristische Glukosekonzentration im Serumeines Säuger-Organismus. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindungdie Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Effektoren der DP IV-bzw. der DP IV-analogen Enzymaktivität zur Verhinderung oderMilderung pathologischer Stoffwechsel-Anomalien von Säuger-Organismenwie z.B. beeinträchtigte Glukosetoleranz, Glukosurie,Hyperlipidämie, metabolischen Azidosen, Diabetes mellitus,diabetischer Neuropathie und Nephropathie sowie von durchDiabetes mellitus verursachten Folgeerkrankungen von Säugern.In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindungein Verfahren zur Senkung des Blutzuckerspiegels unterdie für Hyperglykämie charakteristische Glukosekonzentrationim Serum eines Säuger-Organismus, das dadurch gekennzeichnetist, daß man einem Säuger-Organismus eine therapeutisch wirksameMenge mindestens eines erfindungsgemäßen Effektors der DPIV- bzw. der DP IV-analogen Enzymaktivität verabreicht.The invention thus relates to effectors of dipeptidyl peptidaseIV (DP IV) - or DP IV-analogous enzyme activity and theirUse to lower blood sugar levels below those forHyperglycaemia characteristic glucose concentration in the serumof a mammalian organism. In particular, the invention relatesthe use of the effectors according to the invention of the DP IVor the DP IV-analogous enzyme activity to prevent orMitigation of pathological metabolic abnormalities in mammalian organismssuch as. impaired glucose tolerance, glucosuria,Hyperlipidemia, metabolic acidosis, diabetes mellitus,diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy as well as from throughDiabetes mellitus causes secondary diseases in mammals.In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relatesa procedure for lowering blood sugar levels belowthe glucose concentration characteristic of hyperglycemiain the serum of a mammalian organism, which is characterizedis that a mammalian organism is therapeutically effectiveAmount of at least one DP effector according to the inventionIV or DP IV analog enzyme activity administered.

    In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform betrifft die Erfindungpharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, also Medikamente,die mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung oder derenSalze gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit einem oder mehrerenpharmazeutisch akzeptablen Trägern und/oder Lösungsmittelnenthalten.In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relatespharmaceutical compositions, i.e. medicines,the at least one compound according to the invention or theirSalts optionally in combination with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or solventscontain.

    Die pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen können z.B. als parenteraleoder enterale Formulierungen vorliegen und entsprechendeTräger enthalten bzw. sie können als orale Formulierungenvorliegen, die entsprechende zur oralen Verabreichung geeigneteTräger enthalten können. Vorzugsweise liegen sie als oraleFormulierungen vor.The pharmaceutical compositions can e.g. as parenteralor enteral formulations are present and correspondingContain carriers or they can be oral formulationsare present, the appropriate for oral administrationCarriers can contain. They are preferably oralFormulations.

    Zusätzlich können die pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzungen einenoder mehrere hypoglykämisch wirkende Wirkstoffe enthalten, diean sich bekannte Wirkstoffe sein können.In addition, the pharmaceutical compositions can be oneor contain several hypoglycaemic active substances thatactive ingredients known per se.

    Die erfindungsgemäßen Effektoren der DP IV bzw. der DP IV-analogenEnzymaktivität können zur Senkung des Blutzucker-Spiegelsunter die für Hyperglykaemie charakteristische Glukose-Konzentrationim Serum eines Säuger-Organismus bzw. zurHerstellung eines entsprechenden Medikaments verwendet werden.The effectors according to the invention of the DP IV or the DP IV analogueEnzyme activity can help lower blood sugar levelsbelow the glucose concentration characteristic of hyperglycaemiain the serum of a mammalian organism or forProduction of an appropriate drug can be used.

    Die erfindungsgemäß applizierten Effektoren der DP IV- bzw. DPIV-analoger Enzyme können in pharmazeutisch anwendbaren Formulierungenoder Formulierungskomplexen als Inhibitoren, Substrate,Pseudosubstrate, Inhibitoren der DP IV-Expression,Bindungsproteine oder Antikörper dieser Enzymproteine oderKombinationen aus diesen verschiedenen Stoffen, die DP IV-bzw. DP IV-analoge Proteinkonzentration im Säugerorganismusreduzieren, zum Einsatz kommen. Erfindungsgemäße Effektoren sind z.B. DP IV-Inhibitoren wie die Dipeptidderivate bzw. DipeptidmimetikaL-allo-Isoleucyl-Thiazolidid und die in Tabelle1 angegebenen Effektoren und deren Fumarsalze. Die erfindungsgemäßenEffektoren ermöglichen eine individuell einstellbareBehandlung von Patienten bzw. Krankheiten, wobei insbesondereindividuell auftretende Unverträglichkeiten, Allergien und Nebenwirkungenvermieden werden können.The effectors of the DP IV or DP applied according to the inventionIV analog enzymes can be used in pharmaceutically acceptable formulationsor formulation complexes as inhibitors, substrates,Pseudo substrates, inhibitors of DP IV expression,Binding proteins or antibodies of these enzyme proteins orCombinations of these different substances, the DP IV-or DP IV-analogous protein concentration in the mammalian organismreduce, be used. Effectors according to the inventionare e.g. DP IV inhibitors such as the dipeptide derivatives or dipeptide mimeticsL-allo-isoleucyl-thiazolidide and those in Table1 specified effectors and their fumarate salts. The inventionEffectors allow an individually adjustableTreatment of patients or diseases, in particularindividually occurring intolerances, allergies and side effectscan be avoided.

    Auch weisen die Verbindungen unterschiedliche zeitliche Verläufeder Wirksamkeit auf. Dadurch wird dem behandelnden Arztdie Möglichkeit in die Hand gegeben, differenziert auf die individuelleSituation eines Patienten zu reagieren: Einerseitskann er die Geschwindigkeit des Eintritts der Wirkung und andererseitsdie Dauer der Wirkung und insbesondere die Stärkeder Wirkung genau einstellen.The connections also have different temporal profileseffectiveness. This will make the treating doctorgiven the opportunity in hand, differentiated to the individualResponding to a patient's situation: On the one handhe can change the speed of onset of action and on the other handthe duration of the effect and especially the strengthadjust the effect exactly.

    Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren stellt eine neuartige Herangehensweisezur Senkung erhöhter Blutglukosekonzentration im Serumvon Säugern dar. Es ist einfach, kommerziell nutzbar undzur Anwendung bei der Therapie, insbesondere von Erkrankungen,die auf überdurchschnittlichen Blutglukosewerten basieren, beiSäugern und insbesondere in der Humanmedizin geeignet.The method according to the invention represents a novel approachto reduce increased blood glucose concentration in the serumof mammals. It is simple, commercially usable andfor use in therapy, especially diseases,which are based on above-average blood glucose valuesSuitable for mammals and especially in human medicine.

    Die Effektoren werden z.B. in Form von pharmazeutischen Präparatenverabreicht, die den Wirkstoff in Kombination mit üblichenaus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Trägermaterialienenthalten. Beispielsweise werden sie parenteral (z.B.i.v., inphysiologischer Kochsalzlösung) oder enteral (z.B. oral, formuliertmit üblichen Trägermaterialien wie z. B. Glukose)appliziert.The effectors are administered, for example, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations which contain the active ingredient in combination with customary carrier materials known from the prior art. For example, they are administered parenterally (for exampleiv ., In physiological saline) or enterally (for example orally, formulated with customary carrier materials such as, for example, glucose).

    In Abhängigkeit von ihrer endogenen Stabilität und ihrer Bioverfügbarkeitmüssen pro Tag einfache oder auch mehrfache Gabender Effektoren erfolgen, um die erwünschte Normalisierungder Blutglukosewerte zu erreichen. Z.B. kann ein solcher Dosisbereichbeim Menschen im Bereich von 0.01 mg bis 30.0 mgpro Tag, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0.01 bis 10 mg Effektorsubstanzpro Kilogramm Körpergewicht liegen.Depending on their endogenous stability and their bioavailabilityneed single or multiple doses per dayof the effectors are done to achieve the desired normalizationto reach the blood glucose levels. For example, can be such a dose rangein humans in the range of 0.01 mg to 30.0 mgper day, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 mg effector substanceper kilogram of body weight.

    Es wurde gefunden, daß durch Verabreichung von Effektoren derDipeptidyl Peptidase IV bzw. DP IV-analoger Enzymaktivitätenim Blut eines Säugers, durch deren damit verbundene, temporäreAktivitätsreduktion, in kausaler Folge die endogenen (oder zusätzlichexogen verabreichten) insulinotropen Peptide GastricInhibitory Polypeptide 1-42 (GIP1-42) und Glucagon-Like PeptideAmide-1 7-36 (GLP-17-36) (o.a. GLP-17-37 oder deren Analoga) durchDP IV- und DP IV-ähnliche Enzyme vermindert abgebaut werdenund damit die Konzentrationsabnahme dieser Peptidhormone bzw.ihrer Analoga verringert bzw. verzögert werden. Die durch dieWirkung von DP IV-Effektoren erzielte, erhöhte Stabilität der(endogen vorhandenen oder exogen zugeführten) Incretine oderihrer Analoga, die damit vermehrt für die insulinotrope Stimulierungder Incretin-Rezeptoren der Langerhansschen Zellen imPankreas zur Verfügung stehen, verändert u.a. die Wirksamkeitvon körpereigenem Insulin, was eine Stimulierung des Kohlehydratstoffwechselsdes behandelten Organismus nach sich zieht.It was found that by administering effectors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV or DP IV-analogous enzyme activities in the blood of a mammal, through their associated temporary activity reduction, the endogenous (or additionally exogenously administered) insulinotropic peptides gastric inhibitory polypeptides 1 -42 (GIP1-42 ) and glucagon-like peptides amide-1 7-36 (GLP-17-36 ) (or GLP-17-37 or their analogs) reduced by DP IV and DP IV-like enzymes are degraded and thus the decrease in concentration of these peptide hormones or their analogs is reduced or delayed. The increased stability of the (endogenously present or exogenously supplied) incretins or their analogues, which are achieved through the action of DP IV effectors, which are therefore increasingly available for the insulinotropic stimulation of the incretin receptors of the Langerhans cells in the pancreas, changes the effectiveness, among other things of the body's own insulin, which stimulates the carbohydrate metabolism of the treated organism.

    Als Resultat sinkt der Blutzuckerspiegel unter die für Hyperglykämiecharakteristische Glukosekonzentration im Serum desbehandelten Organismus. Damit können Stoffwechselanomalien wiebeeinträchtigte Glukosetoleranz, Glukosurie, Hyperlipidämiesowie mögliche schwere metabolische Azidosen und Diabetes mellitus,Krankheitsbilder die Folge einer über einen längeren Zeitraum erhöhten Glukosekonzentrationen im Blut sind, verhindertbzw. gemildert werden.As a result, the blood sugar level drops below that for hyperglycemiacharacteristic serum glucose concentrationtreated organism. This can help metabolic abnormalities likeimpaired glucose tolerance, glucosuria, hyperlipidemiaas well as possible severe metabolic acidosis and diabetes mellitus,Disease patterns are the result of a prolonged periodPeriod increased blood glucose concentrations are preventedbe mitigated.

    In der Reihe der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten, oralwirksamen Antidiabetika ist bisher eine derartig wirksame,niedermolekulare Substanzklasse (mit Ausnahme des BiguanidesMetformin: Molekulargewicht 130) nicht bekannt. Die Molekulargewichteder Aminoacyl Thiazolidide bewegen sich zwischen 146(Glycyl Thiazolidid), 203 (Isoleucyl Thiazolidid) und 275(Tryptophanoyl Thiazolidid). Im Vergleich bewegen sich die Molekulargewichteder Sulphonylharnstoffe (Glibenclamid: 494),der Saccharide (Acarbose: 630) sowie der Thiazolidindione(Pioglitazon: 586) im Bereich um 500 bis 700 Da. Physiologischwerden Aminoacyl Thiazolidide durch Aminopeptidasen sowiedurch saure Hydrolyse in körpereigene Substanzen, wie Aminosäurenund Cysteamin, hydrolysiert, so daß die Verwendungder erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen als oral verfügbare Antidiabetikaeine Bereicherung der Pharmazie darstellt.In the series of orally known from the prior arteffective antidiabetic agents has so far been one of those effectivelow molecular weight substance class (with the exception of the BiguanidesMetformin: molecular weight 130) not known. The molecular weightsthe aminoacyl thiazolidides range between 146(Glycyl thiazolidide), 203 (isoleucyl thiazolidide) and 275(Tryptophanoyl thiazolidide). The molecular weights move in comparisonsulphonylureas (glibenclamide: 494),the saccharides (acarbose: 630) and the thiazolidinediones(Pioglitazone: 586) in the range around 500 to 700 Da. physiologicalare aminoacyl thiazolidides by aminopeptidases as wellby acid hydrolysis in the body's own substances, such as amino acidsand cysteamine, hydrolyzed, so useof the compounds according to the invention as orally available antidiabetic agentsis an enrichment of pharmacy.

    Bei Ratten und Mäusen ist experimentell induzierte Hyperglykämiedurch orale Verabreichung mit den erfindungsgemäß verwendetenVerbindungen überdurchschnittlich gut behandelbar (Tabellen2 und 3). Die Verabreichung des 500- bis 1000-fachender wirksamen Dosis führte zu keiner nachweisbaren pathologischenVeränderung während drei-wöchiger toxikologischer Experimentean Ratten und Mäusen.In rats and mice there is experimentally induced hyperglycemiaby oral administration with those used in the present inventionCompounds easy to treat above average (tables2 and 3). The administration of 500 to 1000 timesthe effective dose did not lead to any detectable pathologicalChange during three weeks of toxicological experimentson rats and mice.

    Die vorteilhafte Wirkung von erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungenauf DP IV ist in Tabelle 1 beispielhaft belegt:Wirkung verschiedener Effektoren auf die durch Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV katalysierte Hydrolyse von 0,4 mM des Substrates H-Gly-Pro-pNA bei 30°C, pH 7,6 und einer Ionenstärke von 0,125.EffektorEffektoraffinität zu DP IV: Ki [nM]% Restaktivität der DP IV in Gegenwart von 10 µM EffektorMetformin» 1.000.000100Glibenclamid» 1.000.000100Acarbose» 1.000.000100H-Asn-Pyrrolidid12.00083,1H-Asn-Thiazolidid3.50047,2H-Asp-Pyrrolidid14.00081,6H-Asp-Thiazolidid2.90045,6H-Asp(NHOH)-Pyrrolidid13.00088,2H-Asp(NHOH)-Thiazolidid8.80054,5H-Glu-Pyrrolidid2.20038,5H-Glu-Thiazolidid61025,0H-Glu(NHOH)-Pyrrolidid2.80044,9H-Glu(NHOH)-Thiazolidid1.70036,5H-His-Pyrrolidid3,50049,7H-His-Thiazolidid1.80035,2H-Pro-Pvrrolidid4.10050,2H-Pro-Thiazolidid1.20027,2H-Ile-Azididid3.10043,8H-Ile-Pyrrolidid21012,3H-L-allo-Ile-Thiazolidid19010,0H-Val-Pyrrolidid48023,3H-Val-Thiazolidid27013,6The advantageous effect of compounds according to the invention on DP IV is exemplified in Table 1:Effect of various effectors on the hydrolysis of 0.4 mM of the substrate H-Gly-Pro-pNA catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase IV at 30 ° C., pH 7.6 and an ionic strength of 0.125.effectorEffector affinity for DP IV: Ki [nM]% Residual activity of the DP IV in the presence of a 10 µM effector metformin »1,000,000 100 glyburide »1,000,000 100 acarbose »1,000,000 100 H-Asn-pyrrolidide 12,000 83.1 H-Asn-thiazolidide 3500 47.2 H-Asp-pyrrolidide 14,000 81.6 H-Asp-thiazolidide 2900 45.6 H-Asp (NHOH) -Pyrrolidid 13,000 88.2 H-Asp (NHOH) thiazolidide 8800 54.5 H-Glu-pyrrolidide 2200 38.5 H-Glu-thiazolidide 610 25.0 H-Glu (NHOH) -Pyrrolidid 2800 44.9 H-Glu (NHOH) thiazolidide 1700 36.5 H-His-pyrrolidide 3,500 49.7 H-His-thiazolidide 1800 35.2 H-Pro-Pvrrolidid 4100 50.2 H-Pro thiazolidide 1200 27.2 H-Ile-Azididid 3100 43.8 H-Ile-pyrrolidide 210 12.3HL-allo-Ile-thiazolidide19010.0 H-Val-pyrrolidide 480 23.3 H-Val-thiazolidide 270 13.6

    Es ist bekannt, daß Aminoacyl Pyrrolidide und Aminoacyl Thiazolididedurch die in den Mucosazellen des Dünndarms, im Serumund in Leberzellen vorhandenen Enzyme Prolin Aminopeptidaseund Prolidase abgebaut werden können und der Thiazolidinringzur Öffnung in Gegenwart von Säuren (beispielsweise im Magen)unter Bildung des adäquaten Cysteamin-Derivates neigt [vgl. US458407]. Es war daher überraschend, eine dosisabhängige Wirksamkeitder Wirkstoffe nach per oraler Verabreichung zu finden.Die Dosisabhängigkeit der Wirkung von L-allo-Ile-Thiazolididauf die Serum-DP IV Aktivität nach oraler Applikationvon L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid an gesunden Wistarrattenist mit folgender Tabelle belegt:Restaktivität der DP IV im Serum gegenüber 0,4 mM des Substrates H-Gly-Pro-pNA bei 30°C, pH 7,6 und einer Ionenstärke von 0,125, nach oraler Gabe und in Abhängigkeit von der Dosis L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid, bestimmt 30 min nach Applikation des Inhibitors.Dosis pro VersuchstierRestaktivität der DP IV in %0 mg1002,5 mg525,0 mg4010 mg2820 mg29It is known that aminoacyl pyrrolidide and aminoacyl thiazolidide can be broken down by the enzymes proline aminopeptidase and prolidase present in the mucosal cells of the small intestine, in the serum and in liver cells and that the thiazolidine ring can be opened appropriately in the presence of acids (for example in the stomach) Cysteamine derivatives tends [cf. US 458407]. It was therefore surprising to find a dose-dependent effectiveness of the active substances after oral administration. The following table shows the dose dependency of the effect of L-allo-Ile-thiazolidide on serum DP IV activity after oral administration of L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide in healthy Wistar rats:Residual activity of the DP IV in the serum compared to 0.4 mM of the substrate H-Gly-Pro-pNA at 30 ° C., pH 7.6 and an ionic strength of 0.125, after oral administration and depending on the dose of L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide , determined 30 min after application of the inhibitor. Dose per experimental animal Remaining activity of the DP IV in% 0mg 100 2.5 mg 52 5.0mg 40 10 mg 28 20 mg 29

    Ausgesprochen überraschend und wünschenswert ist die im diabetischenTiermodell erzielte Glukose-reduzierende Wirkung deserfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffs L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid nach seiner oralen Verabreichung bei zeitgleicher oraler Glukose-Stimulierung(Tabelle 3).It is extremely surprising and desirable in diabeticAnimal model achieved glucose-reducing effects ofActive ingredient L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide according to the inventionits oral administration with simultaneous oral glucose stimulation(Table 3).

    Zur Verstärkung der blutzuckersenkenden Wirkung verschiedenerAntidiabetika werden häufig Kombinationen verschiedener oralwirksamer Antidiabetika eingesetzt. Da sich die antihyperglykämischeWirkung der efindungsgemäßen Effektoren unabhängigvon anderen bekannten oral applizierbaren Antidiabetika entfaltet,eignen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe analog inentsprechender galenischer Form, zur Erzielung des gewünschtennormoglykämischen Effektes, zum Einsatz bei Kombinationstherapien.To increase the blood sugar-lowering effect of variousAntidiabetic drugs are often combinations of different oraleffective antidiabetic agents. Because the antihyperglycaemicEffect of the effectors according to the invention independentdeveloped by other known orally administrable antidiabetic agents,the active compounds according to the invention are analogous toappropriate galenic form to achieve the desirednormoglycemic effect, for use in combination therapies.

    Somit können die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Verbindungen inan sich bekannter Weise in die üblichen Formulierungen überführtwerden, wie z. B. Tabletten, Kapseln, Dragees, Pillen,Suppositorien, Granulate, Aerosole, Sirupe, flüssige, festeund cremeartige Emulsionen und Suspensionen und Lösungen unterVerwendung inerter, untoxischer, pharmazeutisch geeigneterTräger- und Zusatzstoffe oder Lösungsmittel. Hierbei liegendie therapeutisch wirksamen Verbindungen jeweils vorzugsweisein einer Konzentration von etwa 0.1 bis 80, vorzugsweise von 1bis 50 Masseprozent der Gesamtmischung vor, d.h. in Mengen,die ausreichend sind, um den angegebenen Dosierungsspielraumzu erreichen.Reduktion der zirkulierenden Blutglukose innerhalb 60 min nach oraler Verabreichung von 20 µM L-allo-Ile-Thiazolidid an Ratten verschiedener Tiermodelle bei zeitgleichem Glukosetoleranztest (Angaben in % bezogen auf normoglykämische Werte).TiermodellGlukosekonzentration in % KontrolleGlukosekonzentration in % L-allo-Ile-Thiazolidid behandeltWistarratte, normal10082Wistarratte (Diabetes 2b - Model, dick)10073The compounds used according to the invention can thus be converted into the customary formulations in a manner known per se, such as, for. B. tablets, capsules, dragees, pills, suppositories, granules, aerosols, syrups, liquid, solid and cream-like emulsions and suspensions and solutions using inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable carriers and additives or solvents. The therapeutically active compounds are each preferably present in a concentration of approximately 0.1 to 80, preferably 1 to 50 percent by mass of the total mixture, ie in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the stated dosage range.Reduction of circulating blood glucose within 60 min after oral administration of 20 µM L-allo-ile-thiazolidide to rats from different animal models with a simultaneous glucose tolerance test (data in% based on normoglycemic values). animal model Glucose concentration in% control Treated glucose concentration in% L-allo-Ile-thiazolidide Wistar rat, normal 100 82 Wistar rat (Diabetes 2b - model, thick) 100 73

    Die gute Resorption der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Verbindungendurch Schleimhäute des gastrointestinalen Traktes ermöglichtdie Anwendung von vielen galenischen Zubereitungen:The good absorption of the compounds used according to the inventionmade possible by mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tractthe use of many galenical preparations:

    Die Substanzen können als Medikament in Form von Dragees, Kapseln,Beißkapseln, Tabletten, Tropfen, Sirup, aber auch alsZäpfchen oder als Nasensprays angewendet werden.The substances can be used as medication in the form of coated tablets, capsules,Bite capsules, tablets, drops, syrup, but also asSuppositories or as nasal sprays can be used.

    Die Formulierungen werden beispielsweise hergestellt durchStrecken des Wirkstoffs mit Lösungsmitteln und/oder Trägerstoffen,gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von Emulgatorenund/oder Dispergiermitteln, wobei z. B. im Fall des Einsatzesvon Wasser als Verdünnungsmittel gegebenenfalls organische Lösungsmittelals Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden können.The formulations are prepared, for example, byStretching the active ingredient with solvents and / or carriers,optionally using emulsifiersand / or dispersants, z. B. in the case of useof water as a diluent, optionally organic solventscan be used as auxiliary solvents.

    Als Hilfsstoffe seien beispielhaft aufgeführt: Wasser, untoxischeorganische Lösungsmittel, wie Paraffine (z. B. Erdölfraktionen),pflanzliche Öle (z. B. Rapsöl, Erdnußöl, Sesamöl),Alkohole (z.B. Ethylalkohol, Glycerin), Glykole (z.B.Propylenglykol, Polyetylenglykol); feste Trägerstoffe, wie z.B. natürliche Gesteinsmehle (z. B. hochdisperse Kieselsäure,Silikate), Zucker (z.B. Roh-, Milch- und Traubenzucker); Emulgiermittel,wie nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren (z. B. Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyethylen-Fettalkohol-Ether,Alkylsulfonate und Arylsulfonate), Dispergiermittel(z.B. Lignin, Sulfitablaugen, Methylcellulose, Stärke und Polyvinylpyrrolidon)und Gleitmittel (z.B. Magnesiumstearat,Talkum, Stearinsäure und Natriumlaurylsulfat) und gegebenenfallsAromastoffe.Examples of auxiliary substances are: water, non-toxicorganic solvents, such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions),vegetable oils (e.g. rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil),Alcohols (e.g. ethyl alcohol, glycerin), glycols (e.g.Propylene glycol, polyetylene glycol); solid carriers, such as.B. natural stone powder (e.g. highly disperse silica,Silicates), sugar (e.g. raw, milk and dextrose); emulsifiers,such as nonionic and anionic emulsifiers (e.g.B. polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers,Alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates), dispersants(e.g. lignin, lye, methyl cellulose, starch and polyvinyl pyrrolidone)and lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate,Talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulfate) and optionallyFlavorings.

    Die Applikation erfolgt in üblicher Weise, vorzugsweise enteraloder parenteral, insbesondere oral. Im Falle der enteralenAnwendung können Tabletten außer den genannten Trägerstoffenweitere zusätze wie Natriumcitrat, Calciumcarbonat und Calciumphosphat,zusammen mit verschiedenen Zuschlagsstoffen, wieStärke, vorzugsweise Kartoffelstärke, Gelatine und dergleichenenthalten. Weiterhin können Gleitmittel, wie Magnesiumstearat,Natriumlaurylsulfat und Talkum zum Tablettieren mitverwendetwerden. Im Falle wäßriger Suspensionen und/oder Elixieren, diefür orale Anwendungen gedacht sind, können die Wirkstoffe außermit den oben genannten Hilfsstoffen zusätzlich mit verschiedenenGeschmacksaufbesserern oder Farbstoffen versetztwerden.The application is carried out in the usual way, preferably enterallyor parenterally, especially orally. In the case of enteral onesTablets can be used in addition to the carriers mentionedother additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate,along with various aggregates, such asStarch, preferably potato starch, gelatin and the likecontain. Lubricants, such as magnesium stearate,Sodium lauryl sulfate and talc also used for tabletingbecome. In the case of aqueous suspensions and / or elixirs, theare intended for oral applications, the active ingredients may alsowith the above-mentioned auxiliaries, additionally with variousFlavor enhancers or colorants addedbecome.

    Bei einer parenteralen Anwendung können Lösungen der Wirkstoffeunter Verwendung geeigneter flüssiger Trägermaterialieneingesetzt werden. Im allgemeinen hat es sich als vorteilhafterwiesen, bei intravenöser Applikation Mengen von etwa 0,01bis 2,0 mg/kg, vorzugsweise etwa 0,01 bis 1,0 mg/kg Körpergewichtpro Tag zur Erreichung wirksamer Ergebnisse zu verabreichen,und bei enteraler Applikation beträgt die Dosierungetwa 0,01 bis 2 mg/kg, vorzugsweise etwa 0,01 bis 1 mg/kg Körpergewichtpro Tag.In the case of parenteral use, solutions of the active ingredients can be usedusing suitable liquid carrier materialsbe used. In general, it has proven to be beneficialhave been shown to be approximately 0.01 with intravenous administrationto 2.0 mg / kg, preferably about 0.01 to 1.0 mg / kg body weightto be administered per day to achieve effective resultsand with enteral application the dosage isabout 0.01 to 2 mg / kg, preferably about 0.01 to 1 mg / kg body weightper day.

    Trotzdem kann es gegebenenfalls erforderlich sein, von den genanntenMengen abzuweichen, und zwar in Abhängigkeit vom Körpergewichtdes Versuchstieres oder Patienten bzw. der Art desApplikationsweges, aber auch aufgrund der Tierart und derenindividuellem Verhalten gegenüber dem Medikament bzw. Intervall,zu welchem die Verabreichung erfolgt. So kann es in einigenFällen ausreichend sein, mit weniger als der vorgenanntenMindestmenge auszukommen, während in anderen Fällen diegenannte obere Grenze überschritten werden muß. Im Fall derApplikation größer Mengen kann es empfehlenswert sein, diesein mehrere Einzelgaben über den Tag zu verteilen. Für die Applikationin der Humanmedizin ist der gleiche Dosierungsspielraumvorgesehen. Sinngemäß gelten hierbei auch die obigen Ausführungen.Nevertheless, it may be necessary from the aboveDeviate amounts depending on body weightof the test animal or patient or the type ofApplication route, but also due to the animal species and theirindividual behavior towards the medication or interval,at which the administration takes place. So it may be in someCases should be sufficient with less than the aboveMinimum amount to get by, while in other cases thementioned upper limit must be exceeded. In the case ofApplication of large quantities, it may be recommendedto be divided into several single doses throughout the day. For the applicationin human medicine there is the same dosage rangeintended. The above statements also apply mutatis mutandis.

    Beispiele für pharmazeutische FormulierungenExamples ofpharmaceutical formulations1. Kapseln mit 100 mg L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid pro Kapsel:1. Capsules with 100 mg L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide per capsule:

    Für ca. 10 000 Kapseln wird eine Lösung folgender Zusammensetzunghergestellt:L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid Hydrochlorid1,0 kgGlycerin0,5 kgPolyethylenglykol3,0 kgWasser0,5 kg5,0 kgA solution of the following composition is prepared for approx. 10,000 capsules: L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide hydrochloride 1.0 kg glycerin 0.5 kg polyethylene glycol 3.0 kg water 0.5 kg 5.0 kg

    Die Lösung wird nach an sich bekannter Weise in Weichgelatinekapselnabgefüllt. Die Kapseln sind zum Zerbeißen oder zumSchlucken geeignet.The solution is placed in soft gelatin capsules in a manner known per sebottled. The capsules are for biting or forSuitable for swallowing.

    2. Tabletten bzw. lackierte Tabletten oder Dragees mit 100mg L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid:2. tablets or coated tablets or coated tablets with 100mg L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide:

    Die folgenden Mengen beziehen sich auf Herstellung von 100 000Tabletten:L-allo-Isoleucyl Thiazolidid Hydrochlorid, fein vermahlen10,0 kgGlukose4,35 kgMilchzucker4,35 kgStärke4,50 kgZellulose, fein vermahlen4,50 kgThe following quantities relate to the production of 100,000 tablets: L-allo-isoleucyl thiazolidide hydrochloride, finely ground 10.0 kg glucose 4.35 kg lactose 4.35 kg Strength 4.50 kg Cellulose, finely ground 4.50 kg

    Obige Bestandteile werden gemischt und anschließend mit einerLösung, hergestellt ausPolyvinylpyrrolidon2,0 kgPolysorbat0,1 kgund Wasserca. 5,0 kgversehen und in an sich bekannter Weise granuliert, indem diefeuchte Masse geraspelt und nach Zugabe von 0,2 kg Magnesiumstearatgetrocknet wird. Die fertige Tablettenmischung von30,0 kg wird zu gewölbten Tabletten von 300 mg Gewicht verarbeitet.Die Tabletten können nach an sich bekannter Weise lackiertoder dragiert werden.The above ingredients are mixed and then made with a solution made from polyvinylpyrrolidone 2.0 kg polysorbate 0.1 kg and water approx.5.0 kg provided and granulated in a conventional manner by grating the moist mass and drying after adding 0.2 kg of magnesium stearate. The finished tablet mixture of 30.0 kg is processed into curved tablets weighing 300 mg. The tablets can be coated or coated in a manner known per se.

    Die technischen Daten bevorzugter Verbindungen werden nachstehendangegeben.Untersuchungen zu Ile-Thia*Fumarat (Isomere) und anderen SalzenSubstanzKiFp (°C)CE (min)MS[α]H2OL-threo-8*10-8150DSC160203-10,7
    (405nm)
    D-threo-keine Hemmung147158203nicht bestimmtL-allo-2*10-7145-6154203-4,58
    (380nm)
    D-allo-keine Hemmung144-61502034,5 (380nm)
    The technical data of preferred connections are given below.Studies on Ile-Thia * fumarate (isomers) and other saltssubstanceKiMp (° C)CE (min)MS[α] H2 O L-threo- 8 * 10-8 150DSC 160 203 -10.7
    (405nm)
    D-threo- no inhibition 147 158 203 not determined L-allo 2 * 10-7 145-6 154 203 -4.58
    (380nm)
    D-allo no inhibition 144-6 150 203 4.5 (380nm)

    Meßbedingungen für die Ki-Bestimmung der SubstanzenMeasurement conditions for the Ki determination of the substances

    Enzym:Enzyme :
    DPIVSchweineniere, 0,75mg/ml, 18U/ml (GPpNA)
    in 25mM Tris pH 7,6,30% Ammoniumsulfat, 0,5mM EDTA, 0,5mM DTE
    Stammlösung: 1:250 verdünnt in Meßpuffer
    DPIVpig kidney, 0.75mg / ml, 18U / ml (GPpNA)
    in 25mM Tris pH 7.6.30% ammonium sulfate, 0.5mM EDTA, 0.5mM DTE
    Stock solution: diluted 1: 250 in measuring buffer
    Puffer:Buffer:
    40mM HEPES pH 7,6, I=0,125 (KCI)40mM HEPES pH 7.6, I = 0.125 (KCI)
    Substrat:substrate:
    GPpNA*HCl
    Stammlösung: 2,1mM
    GPpNA * HCl
    Stock solution: 2.1mM
    Meßgerät:Measuring device :
    Perkin-Elmer Bio Assay Reader, HTS 7000 Plus,
    T=30°C
    λ= 405nm
    Perkin-Elmer Bio Assay Reader, HTS 7000 Plus,
    T = 30 ° C
    λ = 405nm
    Meßansatz:the mixture for measurement:
    100µl Puffer
    100µl Substrat (3 verschiedene Konzentrationen 0,8mM - 0,2mM)
    50µl Wasser/Inhibitor (7 verschiedene Konzentrationen 2,1µM - 32,8nM)
    10µl Enzym
    100µl buffer
    100µl substrate (3 different concentrations 0.8mM - 0.2mM)
    50µl water / inhibitor (7 different concentrations 2.1µM - 32.8nM)
    10µl enzyme

    Puffer, Wasser/Inhibitor und Enzym wurden auf 30°C vortemperiert und die Reaktion durchdie Zugabe von ebenfalls vortemperiertem Substrat gestartet.
    Es wurden 4fach Bestimmungen durchgeführt.
    Die Meßzeit betrug 10min.
    Buffer, water / inhibitor and enzyme were preheated to 30 ° C. and the reaction was started by adding a preheated substrate.
    Four determinations were carried out.
    The measuring time was 10 minutes.

    SchmelzpunktbestimmungMelting Point

    Schmelzpunkte wurden an einem Kofler-Heiztischmikroskop der Leica-Aktiengesellschaft,die Werte sind nicht korrigiert, oder an einem DSC-Gerät (bei Heumann-Pharma) bestimmt.Melting points were determined on a Kofler hot stage microscope from Leica Aktiengesellschaft,the values are not corrected or determined on a DSC device (at Heumann-Pharma).

    Optische RotationOptical rotation

    Die Drehwerte wurden bei unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen an einem "Polarimeter 341" oderhöher der Fa. Perkin Elmer aufgenommen.The rotation values were measured at different wavelengths on a "Polarimeter 341" orhigher from Perkin Elmer.

    Meßbedingungen für die MassenspektrometrieMeasurement conditions for mass spectrometry

    Die Massenspektren wurden an einem "API 165" bzw. "API 365" der Fa. PE Sciex mittelsElektrosprayionisation (ESI) aufgenommen.
    Es wird mit einer ungefähren Konzentration von c = 10 µg/ml gearbeitet, die Substanz wirdin MeOH / H2O 50:50, 0,1 % HCO2H aufgenommen, die Infusion erfolgt mit Spritzenpumpe(20µl/min).Die Messungen erfolgten im Positivmodus [M+H]+, die ESI-Spannung beträgtU = 5600V.
    The mass spectra were recorded on an "API 165" or "API 365" from PE Sciex by means of electrospray ionization (ESI).
    An approximate concentration of c = 10 µg / ml is used, the substance is taken up in MeOH / H2 O 50:50, 0.1% HCO2 H, the infusion is carried out with a syringe pump (20 µl / min). The measurements took place in positive mode [M + H]+ , the ESI voltage is U = 5600V.

    Die Salze weisen die folgenden Daten auf:IT*SalzKiM (gmol-1)Fp (°C)Succinat5,1 e-8522,73116Tartrat8,3 e-8352,41122Fumarat8,3 e-8520,71156Hydrochlorid7,2 e-8238,77169Phosphat1,3 e-7300,32105The salts have the following data:IT * saltKiM (gmol-1 )Mp (° C) succinate 5.1 e-8 522.73 116 tartrate 8.3 e-8 352.41 122 fumarate 8.3 e-8 520.71 156 hydrochloride 7.2 e-8 238.77 169 phosphate 1.3 e-7 300.32 105

    Löslichkeitsuntersuchung der Salze des Ile-ThiaSolubility study of the salts of Ile-ThiaIle-Thia*FumIle-Thia * Fum

    Einwaage 1055 mg
    entspricht 0,02 mmol (520,72 g/mol)
    Zugabe von 100 µl H2Odest
    100 µl keine Lösung, optisch: keine Oberflächenbenetzung
    ab 200 µl sukzessiver Beginn der Löslichkeit
    bei 400µl ist eine vollständiges Lösen zu beobachten
    2,63 %
    Bei diesem Salz wurde also festgestellt, daß es kaum benetzbar ist und sich nicht zersetzt.
    Weight 1055 mg
    corresponds to 0.02 mmol (520.72 g / mol)
    Add 100 µl H2 Odest
    100 µl no solution, optically: no surface wetting
    from 200 µl successive start of solubility
    at 400µl a complete loosening can be observed
    2.63%
    With this salt it was found that it is hardly wettable and does not decompose.

    Ile-Thia*SuccIle-Thia * succ

    Einwaage 16,6 mg
    entspricht 0,031 mmol (522,73 g/mol)
    Zugabe von 16 µl H2Odest
    16 µl keine Lösung, optisch "Aufsaugen" der Feuchtigkeit
    von 66 µl - 1,5 ml kein vollständiges Lösen der Substanz zu beobachten
    Weight 16.6 mg
    corresponds to 0.031 mmol (522.73 g / mol)
    Add 16 µl H2 Odest
    16 µl no solution, optically "sucking up" the moisture
    from 66 µl - 1.5 ml no complete dissolution of the substance was observed

    Ile-Thia*TartratIle-Thia * tartrate

    Einwaage 17,3 mg
    entspricht 0,049 mmol (352,41 g/mol)
    Zugabe von 100 µl H2Odest
    100 µl vollständiges Lösen
    17,3 %
    Weigh in 17.3 mg
    corresponds to 0.049 mmol (352.41 g / mol)
    Add 100 µl H2 Odest
    100 µl complete dissolution
    17.3%

    Ile-Thia* PhosIle-Thia * Phos

    Einwaage 15,5 mg
    entspricht 0,051 mmol (300,32 g/mol)
    Zugabe von 100 µl H2Odest
    100 µl Anlösen ist zu beobachten
    sukzessive Zugabe von 100 µl H2O
    bei 400 µl vollständiges Lösen
    3,87 %
    Weight 15.5 mg
    corresponds to 0.051 mmol (300.32 g / mol)
    Add 100 µl H2 Odest
    100 µl of dissolving can be observed
    successive addition of 100 µl H2 O
    at 400 µl complete dissolution
    3.87%

    Ile-Thia*HClIle-Thia * HCl

    Einwaage 16,1 mg
    entspricht 0,067 mmol (238,77 g/mol)
    Zugabe von 100 µl H2Odest
    bei 100 µl vollständiges Lösen
    16,1 %
    Weight 16.1 mg
    corresponds to 0.067 mmol (238.77 g / mol)
    Add 100 µl H2 Odest
    at 100 µl complete dissolution
    16.1%

    Allgemeine Synthese Ile-Thia*SalzGeneral synthesis Ile-Thia * salt

    Die Boc-geschüzte Aminosäure Boc-Ile-OH wird in Essigsäureethylester vorgelegt, der Ansatzwird auf ca. -5 °C gekühlt. N-Methylmorpholin wird zugetropft, Pivalinsäurechlorid(Labor) bzw. Neohexanoylchlorid (Technikum) wird unter Temperaturkonstanz zugetropft.Die Reaktion wird für wenige Minuten zur Aktivierung gerührt. N-Methylmorpholin (Labor)und Thiazolidinhydrochlorid (Labor) werde nacheinander zugetropft, Thiazolidin (Technikum)wird zugegeben. Die Aufarbeitung im Labor erfolgt klassisch mit Salzlösungen, imTechnikum wird der Ansatz mit NaOH- und CH3COOH-Lösungen gereinigt.
    Die Abspaltung der Boc-Schutzgruppe wird durch HCI / Dioxan (Labor) bzw. H2SO4 (Technikum)erzielt.
    Im Labor wird das Hydrochlorid aus EtOH / Ether kristallisiert.
    Im Technikum wird das freie Amin durch Zugabe von NaOH / NH3 dargestellt. Fumarsäurewird in heißen Ethanol gelöst, das freie Amin wird zugetropft, es fällt (Ile-Thia)2-Fumarat (M= 520,71 gmol-1).
    The Boc-protected amino acid Boc-Ile-OH is placed in ethyl acetate, the mixture is cooled to approx. -5 ° C. N-methylmorpholine is added dropwise, pivalic acid chloride (laboratory) or neohexanoyl chloride (pilot plant) is added dropwise with constant temperature. The reaction is stirred for a few minutes to activate. N-methylmorpholine (laboratory) and thiazolidine hydrochloride (laboratory) are added dropwise in succession, thiazolidine (technical center) is added. The work-up in the laboratory is carried out traditionally with salt solutions, in the technical center the batch is cleaned with NaOH and CH3 COOH solutions.
    The Boc protective group is split off by HCI / dioxane (laboratory) or H2 SO4 (technical center).
    The hydrochloride is crystallized from EtOH / ether in the laboratory.
    In the technical center, the free amine is prepared by adding NaOH / NH3 . Fumaric acid is dissolved in hot ethanol, the free amine is added dropwise, (Ile-Thia)2 fumarate (M = 520.71 gmol-1 ) falls.

    Die Analytik von Isomeren bzw. Enantiomeren erfolgt durch Elektrophorese.Isomers and enantiomers are analyzed by electrophoresis.

    Claims (13)

    EP99926464A1998-05-281999-05-28New dipeptidyl peptidase iv effectorsExpired - LifetimeEP1082314B1 (en)

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    SI9930209TSI1082314T1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28New dipeptidyl peptidase iv effectors
    EP02005353AEP1214936B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Use of thiazolidin- or pyrrolidin-derivatives of aminoacids as antihyperglycemic agents
    EP04005976AEP1428533B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Use of thiazolidine-derivatives as antihyperglycemic agents
    EP03001324AEP1304327B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Glutamine-thiazolidide and -pyrrolidide and their use as dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitors
    EP03026947AEP1398030B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Dipeptidyl peptidase IV effectors
    DK03001324TDK1304327T3 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28 Glutamine thiazolidides and pyrrolidides and their use as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors
    DK02005353TDK1214936T3 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28 Use of thiazolidine or pyrrolidine derivatives of amino acids as antihyperglycemic agents
    EP02005352AEP1215207B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Organic Salts of isoleucyl-thiazolidine and -pyrrolidine and their use as dipeptidylpeptidase inhibitors

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    EP02005353ADivisionEP1214936B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Use of thiazolidin- or pyrrolidin-derivatives of aminoacids as antihyperglycemic agents

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    EP02005353AExpired - LifetimeEP1214936B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Use of thiazolidin- or pyrrolidin-derivatives of aminoacids as antihyperglycemic agents
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    EP02005353AExpired - LifetimeEP1214936B1 (en)1998-05-281999-05-28Use of thiazolidin- or pyrrolidin-derivatives of aminoacids as antihyperglycemic agents
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    US7803754B2 (en)2005-01-102010-09-28Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Combination therapy for the treatment of diabetes and conditions related thereto and for the treatment of conditions ameliorated by increasing a blood GLP-1 level
    US7803753B2 (en)2005-01-102010-09-28Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Combination therapy for the treatment of diabetes and conditions related thereto and for the treatment of conditions ameliorated by increasing a blood GLP-1 level
    US8853385B2 (en)2008-01-172014-10-07Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma CorporationCombination therapy comprising SGLT inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors

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