La présente invention concerne un procédé dedécontamination de matériaux souillés par des agentstoxiques, mettant en oeuvre plus particulièrement une composition à base deperacides assurant la décontamination efficace de matériauxsouillés par des agents toxiques tels que des composésorganophosphorés ou organosoufrés, sans entraíner de dégradationsnotables desdits matériauxThe present invention relates to a method ofdecontamination of materials soiled by agentstoxic, more particularly using a composition based onperacids ensuring efficient decontamination of materialscontaminated by toxic agents such as compoundsorganophosphorus or organosulfur, without causing degradationnotable of said materials
On sait que divers composés organophosphorés inhibiteursde cholinestérases, tels que des organophosphates, des amidophosphates,des organoamidophosphates, des phosphorothionates,des phosphonothionates et des phosphoroamidothionates, peuventêtre utilisés dans le domaine de l'agriculture commeinsecticides et pesticides. D'autre part, certains composésorganosoufrés sont connus comme agents vésicants et utiliséscomme agents toxiques de guerre.It is known that various organophosphate inhibitor compoundscholinesterases, such as organophosphates, amidophosphates,organoamidophosphates, phosphorothionates,phosphonothionates and phosphoroamidothionates, canbe used in agriculture asinsecticides and pesticides. On the other hand, some compoundsorganosulfur are known as blistering agents and usedas poisonous agents of war.
Parmi les composés organophosphorés les plus connusutilisés comme pesticides ou insecticides en agriculture, onpeut citer notamment le O,O-diéthyl-O-p-nitrophényl phosphate(Paraoxon) et le O,O-diéthyl-O-p-nitrophényl phosphorothioate(Parathion), tandis que le O-éthyl-S-(diisopropylaminoéthyl-2)-méthylphosphorothiolate(VX) est un agent toxique de guerrebien connu. Ces composés agissent en bloquant de manièreirréversible la transmission nerveuse, en se liant par liaisoncovalente à l'acétylcholinestérase, entraínant la mort paraccumulation d'acétylcholine dans l'organisme. Comme composéorganosoufré utilisé comme toxique de guerre, on peut aussiciter le dichloro-2,2'-diéthyl sulfure (Ypérite).Among the best known organophosphorus compoundsused as pesticides or insecticides in agriculture, wemay especially mention O, O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate(Paraoxon) and O, O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate(Parathion), while O-ethyl-S- (diisopropylaminoethyl-2) -methylphosphorothiolate(VX) is a toxic agent of warwell known. These compounds work by blockingirreversible nerve transmission, by bindingcovalent to acetylcholinesterase, causing death byaccumulation of acetylcholine in the body. As compoundorganosulfur used as a war toxicant, we can alsocite dichloro-2,2'-diethyl sulfide (Yperite).
Il est important de pouvoir se protéger dans le casd'utilisation intentionnelle ou accidentelle de tels composés,et en particulier de pouvoir décontaminer rapidement etefficacement les matériaux au contact desquels ils ont été portés. Il est donc utile de pouvoir disposer de réactifs oude compositions susceptibles de détruire presque instantanémentde tels composés organophosphorés et organosoufrés.It is important to be able to protect yourself in the eventintentional or accidental use of such compounds,and in particular to be able to quickly decontaminate andeffectively the materials in contact with which they weredoors. It is therefore useful to have reagents orcompositions capable of destroying almost instantlysuch organophosphorus and organosulfur compounds.
L'une des difficultés rencontrées dans la pratique tientà la nécessité d'éviter dans toute la mesure du possible dedégrader les matériaux à décontaminer. Ainsi, les compositionsles plus efficaces actuellement utilisées dans la technique dedécontamination, sont des solutions de soude dans leméthylglycol avec la diéthylamine, ou d'hypochlorite decalcium, mais ces solutions sont très corrosives.One of the difficulties encountered in practice isthe need to avoid as far as possible fromdegrade the materials to be decontaminated. So the compositionsmost effective currently used in the technique ofdecontamination, are soda solutions in themethylglycol with diethylamine, or hypochloritecalcium, but these solutions are very corrosive.
De nombreux travaux ont montré que les composésnucléophiles possèdent les qualités requises pour éliminer lestoxiques de la série des organophosphorés et desorganosoufrés. C.A. Bunton et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,95, 2912(1973), ont mis en évidence les propriétés de l'ion hydroxyleà cet effet; d'autres réactifs ont aussi été proposés, parmilesquels des acides hydroxamiques, des oximes, des mono- etpolyphénols, des hydrates d'aldéhyde, certaines aminés, ainsique des hypochlorites de calcium ou de sodium.Numerous studies have shown that nucleophilic compounds have the qualities required to remove toxic substances from the organophosphate and organosulfur series. CA Bunton et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc .,95 , 2912 (1973), have demonstrated the properties of the hydroxyl ion for this purpose; other reagents have also been proposed, including hydroxamic acids, oximes, mono- and polyphenols, aldehyde hydrates, certain amines, as well as calcium or sodium hypochlorites.
On a également proposé d'utiliser des peroxyanions commel'eau oxygénée, l'hydroperoxyde de tertiobutyle, les perborateset les peracides, en raison de leurs propriétés à lafois nucléophiles et oxydantes.It has also been proposed to use peroxyanions ashydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, perboratesand peracids, due to their properties at theboth nucleophilic and oxidative.
Ces divers composés peuvent être utilisés dans descompositions contenant encore des agents tensio-actifsaméliorant le contact entre le réactif utilisé et l'agenttoxique à éliminer, afin d'accélérer la décontamination. Enparticulier, l'utilisation de tensio-actifs du type ammoniumquaternaire accélère la destruction des toxiques par unecatalyse micellaire.These various compounds can be used incompositions still containing surfactantsimproving the contact between the reagent used and the agenttoxic to eliminate, to speed up decontamination. Inin particular, the use of ammonium type surfactantsquaternary accelerates the destruction of toxins by amicellar catalysis.
Ainsi, le brevet FR-A-2.651.133 décrit des compositionsconstituées par des solutions contenant des peracideslinéaires à longue chaíne carbonée, de pH compris entre 6 et8, généralement associés à des agents tensio-actifs tels quele bromure de cétyl triméthyl ammonium, le bromure de cétyldiméthyl hydroxyéthyl-2 ammonium, le bromure de cétyl méthylbis(hydroxyéthyl-2) ammonium ou le bromure de cétyl diaza-1,4bicyclo(2.2.2) octyl ammonium. De telles compositions permettentde détruire le Paraoxon, le VX et l'Ypérite. Cependant,les peracides utilisés ne sont pas disponibles dans lecommerce et la stabilité des compositions n'est pas satisfaisante.Thus, patent FR-A-2,651,133 describes compositionsconsisting of solutions containing peracidslinear long carbon chain, pH between 6 and8, generally associated with surfactants such ascetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl bromide2-dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium, cetyl methyl bromidebis (hydroxyethyl-2) ammonium or cetyl diaza-1,4-bromidebicyclo (2.2.2) octyl ammonium. Such compositions allowto destroy Paraoxon, VX and Yperite. However,the peracids used are not available in thetrade and the stability of the compositions is not satisfactory.
Le brevet FR-A-2.676.368 décrit des compositions aqueusesà base de monoperoxyphtalate de magnésium et d'agent tensio-actifdu type sel d'ammonium quaternaire, utilisables pour ladécontamination de matériaux souillés par certains agentsneurotoxiques, notamment le VX, et des vésicants tels quel'Ypérite.FR-A-2,676,368 describes aqueous compositionsbased on magnesium monoperoxyphthalate and surfactantof the quaternary ammonium salt type, usable for thedecontamination of materials soiled by certain agentsneurotoxic, including VX, and vesicants such asyperite.
La destruction de l'Ypérite et de composés voisins pardes oxydants, notamment par le monopersulfate de potassium, aété décrite par C. Lion et al.,Phosphorus, Sulfur andSilicon,79, 141-145 (1993), qui ont montré que la réactionest spécifique des composés organosoufrés.The destruction of Yperite and neighboring compounds by oxidants, in particular by potassium monopersulfate, has been described by C. Lion et al.,Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon,79 , 141-145 (1993), which have shown that the reaction is specific for organosulfur compounds.
Il subsiste donc un besoin de pouvoir disposer decompositions capables de détruire efficacement et rapidementles composés organophosphorés et organosoufrés toxiquesprécités, afin de décontaminer les matériaux souillés par cescomposés, sans les dégrader.There therefore remains a need to be able to have access tocompositions capable of destroying effectively and quicklytoxic organophosphorus and organosulfur compoundsabove, in order to decontaminate the materials soiled by thesecompounds, without degrading them.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé pour la décontamination de matériaux contaminés par desagents toxiques organophosphorés ou organosoufrés, mettant en oeuvre unecomposition contenant un peracide et un agent tensio-actif, caractsé en ce que cette composition comprend
Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation del'invention, la composition est constituée par une solutionaqueuse à pH tamponné compris entre 8 et 11, et de préférenceentre 9 et 10.According to a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the composition consists of a solutionaqueous pH buffered between 8 and 11, and preferablybetween 9 and 10.
Dans les formules (I) et (II) ci-dessus, R1 et R2 représententde préférence un groupe alkyle de 1 à 4 atomes decarbone, et par exemple un groupe méthyle, éthyle ou n-propyle.In formulas (I) and (II) above, R1 and R2 preferably represent an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and for example a methyl, ethyl or n-propyl group.
Les peracides utilisés dans l'invention sont des produitsdisponibles dans le commerce ou dont la préparation peuts'effectuer aisément par des techniques usuelles, par actiondu peroxyde d'hydrogène en milieu acide (par exemple en milieuacide sulfurique concentré à froid) sur les acidescorrespondants. Une méthode de préparation de tels peracidesest décrite par C. Lion et al.Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg.99 (2)127 (1990).The peracids used in the invention are products available commercially or the preparation of which can be carried out easily by usual techniques, by the action of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium (for example in cold concentrated sulfuric acid medium) on the corresponding acids. A method of preparing such peracids is described by C. Lion et al.Bull. Soc. Chim . Belg.99 (2) 127 (1990).
L'agent tensio-actif cationique du type ammonium quaternaireest de préférence représenté par la formule générale(III) :dans laquelle R1, R2 et R3, identiques ou différents,représentent un groupe alkyle ou hydroxyalkyle de 1 à 4 atomesde carbone, R4 représente un groupe alkyle, linéaire ouramifié de 11 à 18 atomes de carbone, et X représente unhalogène ou un radical hydroxyle.The cationic surfactant of the quaternary ammonium type is preferably represented by the general formula (III): in which R1 , R2 and R3 , identical or different, represent an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group of 11 to 18 carbon atoms, and X represents a halogen or a hydroxyl radical.
Parmi les agents tensio-actifs représentés par la formulegénérale (III) ci-dessus, on utilise de préférence ceux pourlesquels R1, R2, et R3 représentent un groupe méthyle, ungroupe éthyle ou un groupe hydroxyéthyle, R4 représente ungroupe cétyle, et X est le chlore, le brome ou un radical -OH.Among the surfactants represented by the general formula (III) above, use is preferably made for which R1 , R2 and R3 represent a methyl group, an ethyl group or a hydroxyethyl group, R4 represents a cetyl group, and X is chlorine, bromine or a radical -OH.
Suivant une forme avantageuse de mise en oeuvre del'invention, l'agent tensio-actif de formule générale (III)est choisi parmi le bromure ou le chlorure de cétyl triméthylammonium, le bromure de cétyl diméthyl hydroxyéthyl-2ammonium, le bromure de cétyl méthyl bis(hydroxyéthyl-2)ammonium ou le bromure de cétyl diaza-1,4 bicyclo(2.2.2) octylammonium.According to an advantageous form of implementation ofthe invention, the surfactant of general formula (III)is chosen from bromide or cetyl trimethyl chlorideammonium, cetyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl-2 bromideammonium, cetyl methyl bis (2-hydroxyethyl) bromideammonium or cetyl diaza-1,4 bicyclo (2.2.2) octyl bromideammonium.
Ces agents tensio-actifs sont connus et, pour la pluspart, disponibles dans le commerce. Ils peuvent être préparéspar les méthodes décrites par C.A. Bunton et al. (précité) etpar L. Horner et al.,Phosphorus and Sulfur,11, 339 (1981).Par exemple, le bromure de cétyl diméthyl hydroxyéthyl-2ammonium peut être obtenu en portant à reflux une solution debromure d'hexadécyle et de diméthyléthanolamine dans unmélange d'acétonitrile et de méthanol et en recristallisantles cristaux obtenus dans le méthanol.These surfactants are known and, for the most part, commercially available. They can be prepared by the methods described by CA Bunton et al. (cited above) and by L. Horner et al.,Phosphorus and Sulfur,11 , 339 (1981). For example, cetyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl-2-ammonium bromide can be obtained by refluxing a solution of hexadecyl bromide and dimethylethanolamine in a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol and by recrystallizing the crystals obtained from methanol.
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, la composition suivant l'inventionse présente de préférence sous forme de solutionaqueuse tamponnée, de pH compris entre 8 et 11, de préférenceentre 9 et 10, par exemple une solution aqueuse d'un mélangede bicarbonate et d'hydrogénocarbonate de sodium.As indicated above, the composition according to the inventionpreferably comes in the form of a solutionbuffered aqueous, pH between 8 and 11, preferablybetween 9 and 10, for example an aqueous solution of a mixturebaking soda and sodium bicarbonate.
Cette solution aqueuse est appliquée sur le matériau àdécontaminer, par projection, pulvérisation ou simple lavage,ou encore il est possible de tremper les matériaux dans un baccontenant une composition suivant l'invention.This aqueous solution is applied to the material to bedecontaminate, by spraying, spraying or simple washing,or it is possible to dip the materials in a tankcontaining a composition according to the invention.
Suivant une variante de l'invention, le peracide et letensio-actif du type ammonium quaternaire, lorsque X est unhydroxyle, peuvent être combinés au sein de la même molécule,pour former un percarboxylate de tétraalkylammonium. Un telcomposé peut être obtenu par action du peracide de formule (I) ou (II) sur un hydroxyde de tétraalkylammonium, en quantitésstoechiométriques.According to a variant of the invention, the peracid and thequaternary ammonium type surfactant, when X is ahydroxyl, can be combined within the same molecule,to form a tetraalkylammonium percarboxylate. Suchcompound can be obtained by action of the peracid of formula (I)or (II) on a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, in amountsstoichiometric.
Cette variante est particulièrement avantageuse car lepercarboxylate peut être généré in situ, et se présente ainsien solution aqueuse, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'utiliser untampon carbonate qui est remplacé ici par l'hydroxyde detétraalkylammonium.This variant is particularly advantageous because thepercarboxylate can be generated in situ, and looks like thisin aqueous solution, without the need to use acarbonate buffer which is replaced here by hydroxidetetraalkylammonium.
L'hydroxyde de tétraalkylammonium peut être préparé enutilisant la méthode décrite par L. Sepulveda et al.,J. Phys.Chem.,89, 5322 (1985), à partir de sulfure de carbone etd'éthylate de sodium, et action d'un bromure de tétraalkylammoniumen milieu sulfurique, puis traitement par une basetelle que l'hydroxyde de baryum.Tetraalkylammonium hydroxide can be prepared using the method described by L. Sepulveda et al.,J. Phys. Chem .,89 , 5322 (1985), starting from carbon sulphide and sodium ethylate, and action of a tetraalkylammonium bromide in sulfuric medium, then treatment with a base such as barium hydroxide.
L'efficacité des compositions suivant l'invention pour ladécontamination de matériaux souillés par des composésorganophosphorés ou organosoufrés toxiques a été vérifée enles faisant agir sur des composés connus comme le O,O-diéthyl-O-p-nitrophénylphosphate (Paraoxon), dans la série descomposés organophosphorés, et le 2-phényl-2'-chlorodiéthylsulfure, analogue de l'Ypérite, dans la série des organosoufrés.The effectiveness of the compositions according to the invention for thedecontamination of materials contaminated with compoundsorganophosphorus or toxic organosulfur has been verified bycausing them to act on known compounds such as O, O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphate (Paraoxon), in the series oforganophosphorus compounds, and 2-phenyl-2'-chlorodiethylsulfide, analog of Yperite, in the organosulfur series.
Les essais effectués montrent que les compositions del'invention provoquent la destruction des composés tels que leParaoxon et l'analogue de l'Ypérite de manière pratiquementinstantanée. Ce résultat est obtenu avec la compositioncontenant le peracide de formule (I) ou (II) en combinaisonavec l'agent tensio-actif du type ammonium quaternaire, ainsiqu'avec la composition contenant un percarboxylate detétraalkylammonium.The tests carried out show that the compositions ofthe invention cause the destruction of compounds such asParaoxon and the analogue of Yperite practicallyInstant. This result is obtained with the compositioncontaining the peracid of formula (I) or (II) in combinationwith the quaternary ammonium type surfactant, as wellthat with the composition containing a percarboxylate oftetraalkylammonium.
De plus, on constate que la composition de l'inventionprésente une excellente stabilité dans le temps, contrairement aux compositions classiques à base de peracides, et n'est pasagressive vis-à-vis des divers matériaux couramment traités.In addition, it can be seen that the composition of the inventionhas excellent stability over time, unliketo conventional compositions based on peracids, and is notaggressive towards the various materials commonly treated.
Les exemples suivants décrivent plus en détail les effetsde destruction du Paraoxon et d'un analogue de l'Ypérite pardes compositions suivant l'invention conmprenant soit unecombinaison de peracide et d'agent tensio-actif (Exemple 1),soit un percarboxylate de tétraalkylammonium (Exemple 2).The following examples describe the effects in more detailof destruction of Paraoxon and an analog of Yperite bycompositions according to the invention comprising either acombination of peracid and surfactant (Example 1),or a tetraalkylammonium percarboxylate (Example 2).
Les cinétiques de destruction s'effectuent pour leParaoxon suivant une technique usuelle, en spectroscopie UV à402 nm, correspondant au maximum d'absorption de l'ion p-nitrophénatelibéré, à 25°C.The kinetics of destruction are carried out for theParaoxon according to a usual technique, in UV spectroscopy at402 nm, corresponding to the maximum absorption of the p-nitrophenate ionreleased, at 25 ° C.
Les vitesses de destruction de l'analogue de l'Ypériteprécité sont déterminées par analyse chromatographique àintervalles réguliers, après addition d'un réducteur minéral(sulfate ferreux) ou organique (triphénylphosphine). On opèreà un pH de 9.The destruction speeds of the Yperite analogabove are determined by chromatographic analysis atregular intervals, after addition of a mineral reducer(ferrous sulfate) or organic (triphenylphosphine). We operateat a pH of 9.
Le Tableau 1 ci-dessous indique le temps de demi-réaction(en s.), à 25°C, par action de chacun des quatre peracidesindiqués ci-après, en solution 2.10-3 M à pH 9, sur leParaoxon (5.10-5 M).Table 1 below indicates the half-reaction time (in s.), At 25 ° C., per action of each of the four peracids indicated below, in 2.10-3 M solution at pH 9, on the Paraoxon ( 5.10-5 M).
Peracides utilisés :
Les agents tensio-actifs utilisés en combinaison avec lesperacides ci-dessus sont les suivants :
Ces résultats montrent que la composition suivantl'invention procure des résultats équivalents à ceux obtenusavec le monoperphtalate de magnésium (MPPM) qui est lemeilleur décontaminant actuellement connu vis-à-vis duParaoxon. De plus, comme le montre l'exemple 2 ci-après, lescompositions de l'invention sont aussi efficaces contre lescomposés organosoufrés.These results show that the following compositionthe invention provides results equivalent to those obtainedwith magnesium monoperphthalate (MPPM) which is thebest decontaminant currently known forParaoxon. In addition, as shown in Example 2 below, thecompositions of the invention are also effective againstorganosulfur compounds.
Cet exemple montre que la réaction est pratiquementtotale en quelques secondes. La comparaison avec le MPPM meten évidence l'efficacité du percarboxylate de cétyltriméthylammoniumde l'invention.This example shows that the reaction is practicallytotal in seconds. The comparison with MPPM putshighlight the effectiveness of cetyltrimethylammonium percarboxylateof the invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9603204AFR2746020B1 (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1996-03-14 | COMPOSITION BASED ON PERACIDS FOR THE DECONTAMINATION OF MATERIALS CONTAMINATED BY TOXIC AGENTS | 
| FR9603204 | 1996-03-14 | ||
| PCT/FR1997/000274WO1997033655A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-02-13 | Peracid composition for decontaminating materials contaminated with toxic agents | 
| Publication Number | Publication Date | 
|---|---|
| EP0848628A1 EP0848628A1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 
| EP0848628B1true EP0848628B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97905197AExpired - LifetimeEP0848628B1 (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-02-13 | Process using a peracid composition for decontaminating materials contaminated with toxic agents | 
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| EP (1) | EP0848628B1 (en) | 
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| DE (1) | DE69721197T2 (en) | 
| ES (1) | ES2192666T3 (en) | 
| FR (1) | FR2746020B1 (en) | 
| IL (1) | IL121824A (en) | 
| WO (1) | WO1997033655A1 (en) | 
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| CA2218079A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 
| IL121824A (en) | 2002-04-21 | 
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| WO1997033655A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 
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