EP0312011B1 - Dielectric filter - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention generally relates to an electrical filter, and more particularly, to a dielectric filter which functions as a band elimination filter, and is especially so arranged to be compact in an external size and capable of achieving a low cost through simplification of the manufacturing process.
• In JP-A-62 77 703 there is disclosed a dielectric filter operating as a band-pass filter built in a dielectric block. Adjacent resonators are coupled electromagnetically through coupling holes, and only two not adjacent resonators are connected by a reactance element, and thereby improving the filter characteristic of the band-pass filter.
• In JP-A-61 193 501 there is disclosed a band elimination filter not built in one block and wherein a static capacitance is formed between capacitor electrodes. One of these electrodes is grounded, so that the static capacitance is provided in parallel relation to the resonators.
• A further band-pass filter built in a single block is disclosed for example in JP-A-61 218 201. In this document the band-pass filter is provided with electrode layers forming capacitor members.
• Conventionally, there has been provided a filter as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 for a dielectric filter which functions as a band elimination filter for attenuating only a signal in a specific frequency region. In Figs. 8 and 9, thedielectric filter 30 comprises a plurality ofresonators 35 disposed side by side and each including acylindrical member 31 of a ceramic material formed with a through-bore 32 extending therethrough along its axis, an inner-conductor layer 33 formed within the through-bore 32 and anouter conductor layer 34 formed over an outer peripheral surface of thecylindrical member 31 except for itsend face 31a at an open end side thereof, acapacitor 36 constituted by forming electrode films on opposite main faces of a ceramic disc, and electrically connected to theend face 31a side at the open end of the through-bore 32 of eachresonator 35, and acoaxial cable 37 having an electrical length of λ/4 wavelength, provided to connect the neighboringresonators 35 to each other thorugh saidcapacitors 36.
• However, sicne the conventionaldielectric filter 30 as described above adopts a construction is which theresonators 35 are connected to each other by thecoaxial cable 37 having the length at λ/4 wavelength, i.e. through couping by a so-called distribution constant line, there is such a problem that the external size of thedielectric filter 30 inevitably increases by the length of saidcoaxial cable 37. Moreover, due to the fact that there is involved in its manufacture, such a complicated work that the single unit of theresonator 35 is prepared in a plurality of pieces so as to be connected by the λ/4 transmission line, troublesome procedures are required by that extent, with a consequent rise in the manufacturing cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• Accordingly, an essential object of the present invention is to provide an improved dielectric filter which is capable of decreasing an external size thereof, with a simultaneous reduction of cost through simplification in the manufacturing process.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric filter of the above described type which is simple in construction and stable in functioning at high reliability.
• In accomplishing these and other objects there is provided a dielectric filter which functions as a band elimination filter according to claim 1. Further advantagous embodiments are disclosed in the depending claims.
• For the concentrated constant line as referred to above, for example, air-core coils, pattern forming coils, etc. may be employed, while the capacitor coupling can be realized, for example, by inserting a metallic pin in an axial direction of a resinous pin forced into each of said through-bores.
• In the dielectric filter according to the present invention as described above, since the respective resonators are connected through the concentrated constant line, the length for connection between said resonators may be shortened to a large extent, while the respective resonators conventionally disposed as single units through intervals equivalent to λ/4 wavelength therebetween, may be formed by one block member for reduction of the external size by that extent.
• Furthermore, owing to the concentrated constant arrangement, the troublesome work conventionally required to be effected by maintaining a required length of the line for connecting the resonators at high accuracy can be simplified, and moreover, since it is not necessary to prepare a plurality of individual resonators, labor and the number of parts during manufacture can be reduced to a large extent, thereby to decrease the cost by that extent for improvement of productivity.
• Subsequently, the reason why the conventional distribution constant line may be replaced by the concentrated constant line in the above band elimination filter will be explained.
• Reference is made to equivalent circuit diagrams shown in Figs. 6(a), 6(b), 6(c), 6(d), 6(e), 6(f), 6(g), 6(h), and 6(i) for explaining the course through which the present invention was realized.
• In the first place, the λ/4 wavelength transmission line may be replaced by the concentrated constant of a coil L and capacitors C under the conditions as follows at a certain frequency f (Figs. 6(a), 6(b)).$$\text{ωL = Za · sinϑ}$$

  

  $$\text{ωC = (1/Za) tanϑ/2}$$

  

  
  where Za: Characteristic impedance of the line,
     ϑ : Electrical angle of the line,
     ω = 2πf.
• For example, upon setting as
     f = 400Mhz, Za = 50 , and ϑ = 90°,$$\text{L = (Za/2π · f) sinϑ = 50/(2 · π · 400 x 10⁶) x 1 = 1.99 x 10⁻⁸ [H]}$$

  

  $$\text{C = (1/2π · f · Za) tanϑ/2 = 1/(2π · 400 x 10⁶ x 50) x 1 = 7.958 x 10⁻¹² [F]}$$

  
• Accordingly, the above transmission line may be converted as shown in Figs. 6(c) to 6(d).
• Here, upon consideration of the resonator as an L-C parallel resonance circuit, the circuit shown in Fig. 6(d) can be converted into the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 6(e).
• Meanwhile, in Fig. 6(e), when Y-Δ conversion is effected by C-C′-Ce (2C-C′-Ce), the equivalent circuits as shown in Figs. 6(f) to 6(h) are obtained.
• Thus, the relations will be:$$\text{C₁ = (CC′ + C′Ce + CeC)/C′}$$

  

  $$\text{C₂ = (CC′ + C′Ce + CeC)/Ce}$$

  

  $$\text{C₃ = (CC′ + C′Ce + CeC)/C}$$

  

  $$\text{L˝= L′ - (1/ω² C₃)}$$

  
• Therefore, the relation will be represented by the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 6(i), and consequently, the distribution constant line will be replaced by the concentrated constant line.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• These and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;
• Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a dielectric filter according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention,
• Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side sectional view of the dielectric filter of Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3(a) is a fragmentary perspective view of the dielectric filter of Fig. 1 further provided with reactance elements,
• Fig. 3(b) is an equivalent circuit of the dielectric filter of Fig. 3(a),
• Fig. 4(a) is a fragmentary top plan view showing a dielectric filter according to a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4(b) is a fragmentary side elevational view of the modification of Fig. 4(a),
• Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side sectional view of a dielectric filter according to a further modification of the embodiment of Fig. 1,
• Figs. 6(a) through 6(i) are equivalent circuit diagrams for explaining the course through which the present invention was realized (already referred to),
• Fig 7 is a perspective view showing one example in which the dielectric filter in the above embodiment and a band pass filter are constituted as one unit,
• Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing construction of a conventional dielectric filter (already referred to), and
• Fig. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view partly in section, showing the conventional dielectric filter of Fig. 8 (already referred to).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it is to be noted that like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the accompanying drawings.
• Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, adielectric filter 1A which functions as a band elimination filter according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, which generally includes adielectric block 2 of a ceramic material in cubic rectangular box-like configuration and formed therein with, for example, five through-bores 3 through a predetermined interval therebetween and in a parallel relation to each other, aninner conductor layer 4 formed on the inner peripheral face of each of said through-bores 3, anouter conductor layer 5 formed on fourside walls 2b of saiddielectric block 2 except for anend face 2a at an open end side (i.e.upper face 2a in Fig. 1), a short-circuitingconductive layer 6 formed on abottom face 2c of saiddielectric block 2 for short-circuiting between theouter conductor layer 5 and theinner conductor layers 4 for generating a resonance mode of λ/4 wavelength, thereby to constitute fiveresonators 7, aresinous pin 8 forced into each of said through-bores 3 at theend face 2a on the open end side of theblock 2, ametallic pin 9 inserted into the center of eachresinous pin 8 in its axial direction as a coupling member for capacitive coupling with theinner conductor layer 4, with the upper end of saidmetallic pin 9 projecting upwardly from theopen end face 2a to a certain extent, and air-core coils 10 as a concentrated constant line for connecting neighboring ones of saidmetallic pins 9 as illustrated (in Fig. 1, IP indicates a circuit symbol showing an input terminal and OP represents a circuit symbol showing an output terminal).
• Subsequently, the function and effect of thedielectric filter 1A in the embodiment of the present invention as described above will be explained.
• Since thedielectric filter 1A of the present embodiment functions as a band elimination filter for attenuating only the signal in the particular frequency region, it may be employed, for example, for an antenna duplexer, filter diplexer, etc., in which more than twofilters 1A are combined.
• As described above, according to the dielectric filter of the present embodiment, since theresonators 7 neighboring each other are connected by the air-core coil 10 through themetallic pins 9, i.e. since the distribution constant line is replaced by the concentrated constant line, the conventional construction in which a plurality of single resonators are arranged side by side, may be accommodated in one block, and thus, the connecting length between theresonators 7 may be remarkably reduced as compared with that in the conventional transmission line, thereby reducing the size of the filter by that extent.
• Moreover, since the troublesome connecting work conventionally required for achieving the electrical length of λ/4 may be omitted for facilitation of the connecting procedure, and furthermore, only one block may be prepared for the filter, the process during manufacture can be simplified so as to reduce the cost by that degree, with a consequent improvement of productivity.
• It is to be noted here that, in thedielectric filter 1A as described so far, although the capacity component to be produced by the replacement of the transmission line with the concentrated constant, may be absorbed by the resonators, this is limited to a theoretical assumption, and in the actual practice, such capacity component can not necessarily be absorbed entirely.
• Therefore, in a modifieddielectric filter 1B as shown in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b), a reactance element Z is connected between a junction of themetallic pin 9 and the air-core coil 10 and theouter conductor layer 5 for fine adjustment of the filter characteristics. In the above case, such reactance element Z may be added to all of the connecting portions or to the connecting portions arbitrarily selected, and the reactive element of a capacitive nature or inductive nature may be provided singly or in combination.
• Additionally, in thedielectric filter 1A in Fig. 1, there is a case where a fringing capacity is generated at the openside end face 2a of theinner conductor layer 4 of theresonator 7, thereby to produce a capacitive coupling between the neighboringresonators 7, which may be, however, advantageously absorbed through variation of the value for the air-core coil 10.
• It should also be noted here that, in the foregoing embodiment, although the case where the air-core coils 10 are employed for the concentrated constant line, is described as one example, the arrangement may be, for example, so modified as in amodification 1C in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b) in which the air-core coils 10 are replaced by a coil line pattern plate CL, which includes aninsulative substrate 15, and acoil line pattern 16 formed thereon. For attachment onto theblock 2, thesubstrate 15 with thecoil line pattern 16 is applied onto themetallic pins 9 through corresponding holes formed in thesubstrate 15, and thepins 9 and thecoil line pattern 16 are connected by soldering for fixing. in this case also, effects similar to those in the foregoing embodiment may be obtained.
     furthermore, themetallic pin 9 described as employed in the foregoing embodiment for the capacitor coupling member, may be replaced by acapacitor member 13 constituted by forming electrode layers 12 on opposite main faces of a cylindrical ceramic member 11 as shown in afurther modification 1D in Fig. 5. In this case, a cylindricalmetallic capacitor base 14 is inserted into the through-bore 3 instead of theresinous pin 8, and the lower face of saidcapacitor member 13 is connected to the upper face of saidcapacitor base 14, while the air-core coil 10 is connected to theelectrode layer 12 on the upper face of saidcapacitor member 13.
• It may further be so arranged to connect the dielectric filter of the foregoing embodiment in series with other filter, so as to accommodate such series-connected filters in a casing for application as a shared unit, or to form a conventional band-pass filter 21 and the dielectric filter 1 in the foregoing embodiment into one unit in asingle dielectric block 20 as shown in Fig. 7.
• It should further be noted that, in the foregoing embodiment, although the λ/4 wavelength resonator is taken up as one example, the present invention is also applicable to a λ/2 wavelength resonator as well.
• As is clear from the foregoing description, according to the dielectric filter of the present invention, the resonators are constituted by forming a plurality of through-bores in the dielectric block, and forming the inner conductor layers and the outer conductor layer within the through-bores and the outer side walls of the block respectively, while the neighboring resonators are connected to each other through the capacitor coupling members by the concentrated constant line, and therefore, not only the connecting length between the resonators can be reduced, but also a plurality of resonators are integrally formed in one block-member, with a consequent reduction of the filter size by that extent. Additionally, troublesome work while maintaining the predetermined electrical length may be dispensed with for saving labor during manufacture to a large extent, and also for decreasing of the number of parts involved, with a corresponding reduction in cost.

Claims (6)

1. A dielectric filter operating as band elimination filter for attenuating only a signal of a particular frequency region, comprising:
      a dielectric block (2),
      an outer conductor layer (5) formed on four side walls (2b) of said dielectric block (2),
      a short-circuiting conductive layer (6) formed on a bottom face (2c) of said dielectric block (2),
      an end face (2a) at an open end side,
      a plurality of through-bores (3) formed in said dielectric block (2) in parallel relation to each other, and having inner conductor layers (4) formed on the inner peripheral surface of each of said through-bores (3) thereby to form a plurality of resonators,
      coupling means (8, 9) disposed within each of said through-bores (3), each coupling means (8, 9) having a metallic electrode (9, 12) capacitively coupled to said inner conductor layer (4),
      and concentrated constant line means connecting each two adjacent coupling means (8, 9),
      each connecting line having a concentrated inductive impedance.
2. A dielectric filter as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said coupling means (8,9) includes metallic pins (9) respectively inserted in an axial direction, into resinous pins (8) forced into said through-bores.
3. A dielectric filter as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said coupling means (8,9) includes capacitor members each constituted by forming electrode layers (4) on opposite main faces of a cylindrical ceramic member, and connected at its under face, with an upper face of a cylindrical metallic capacitor base inserted in each of said through-bores (3).
4. A dielectric filter as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said concentrated constant line means includes air-core coils (10).
5. A dielectric filter as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said concentrated constant line means includes a coil line pattern plate (CL) constituted by an insulative substrate (15) and a coil line pattern (16) formed thereon.
6. A dielectric filter as claimed in Claim 1, further including a reactance element means (Z) connected between junctions of said coupling means and said concentrated constant line means, and said outer conductor layer (5) for fine adjustment of the filter characteristics.

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