Diese Erfindung betrifft das Gebiet bipolarer Elektroden und insbesondere bipolare Elektrodenkatheter bei medizinischenAnwendungen zum Zuführen von Radiofrequenzenergie zur Austrocknung oder Ablation eines Neoplasmas, wie zum BeispielGewebe oder eine tumorartige Masse im Körper.This invention relates to the field of bipolar electrodes and, more particularly, to bipolar electrode catheters in medical applications for delivering radiofrequency energy to desiccate or ablate a neoplasm, such as tissue or a tumor-like mass in the body.
Herkömmliche bipolare Elektroden sind wie eine Pinzette aufgebaut, wobei jeder Pinzettenarm als einer derElektrodenpole dient. Ein Neoplasma, wie beispielsweise Gewebe oder eine tumorartige Masse, wird unter Verwendung einerderartigen Elektrode entfernt, indem man die zu entfernende Masse mit der Pinzette ergreift und einen elektrischen Stromzwischen den Pinzettenspitzen und durch die Masse hindurchtreten läßt, welche dadurch ausgetrocknet oder einerAblation unterzogen wird. Diese Art von bipolarer Elektrode ist im allgemeinen groß und massig, und erfordert einePinzette, die sich in einen beträchtlichen Abstand aufspreizen läßt, um eine ansehnliche Masse ergreifen zu können.Dementsprechend kann die herkömmliche Art von bipolarer Elektrode nur während eines invasiven Verfahrens verwendetwerden, wo eine operative Öffnung hergestellt wird, die ausreichend groß ist, um den Eintritt der Pinzette zum Situsdes zu entfernenden Gewebes oder Tumors zu gestatten, oder bei einem nicht-invasiven Verfahren in Verbindung mit einemEndoskop, das ausreichend groß ist, um ein Ausbringen und eine Betätigung der Pinzette aus dem Inneren des Kanals desEndoskops heraus zu gestatten.Conventional bipolar electrodes are designed like tweezers, with each tweezer arm serving as one of the electrode poles. A neoplasm, such as tissue or a tumor-like mass, is removed using such an electrode by grasping the mass to be removed with the tweezers and passing an electrical current between the tweezer tips and through the mass, which is thereby desiccated or ablated. This type of bipolar electrode is generally large and bulky, and requires tweezers that can be spread to a considerable distance in order to grasp a sizable mass. Accordingly, the conventional type of bipolar electrode can only be used during an invasive procedurewhere a surgical opening is made that is sufficiently large to allow entry of the forceps to the site of the tissue or tumor to be removed, or in a non-invasive procedure in conjunction with anendoscope that is sufficiently large to allow deployment and manipulation of the forceps from within the channel of the endoscope.
Wegen dieser Situation wurde der Bedarf an einer stromlinienförmigen, kompakteren Form von bipolarer Elektrodefür eine Neoplasma-Austrocknung oder Ablation erkannt, welche sich entweder unmittelbar durch verhältnismäßig kleinenatürliche Körperhöhlen oder mittels eines Katheters durch die Lumina anderer Gefäße des Körpers nicht-invasiv in den Körpereinführen läßt.Because of this situation, the need was recognized for a streamlined, more compact form of bipolar electrodefor neoplasm desiccation or ablation that could be introduced into the body either directly through relatively smallnatural body cavities or non-invasively by means of a catheter through the lumens of other vessels of the body.
Um diesen Bedarf zu decken, wurde die bipolare Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung entwickelt.To meet this need, the bipolar electrode of the present invention was developed.
Die bipolare Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung weist eine stromlinienförmige, kompakte Gestalt auf, die es ermöglicht,sie selbst durch verhältnismäßig enge natürliche Körperhöhlen oder, in Verbindung mit einem Katheter, durch die Lumina vonanderen Gefäßen des Körpers, wie beispielsweise die Arterien, nicht-invasiv in den Körper einzuführen.The bipolar electrode of the present invention has a streamlined, compact shape that allows it to be non-invasively introduced into the body even through relatively narrow natural body cavities or, in conjunction with a catheter, through the lumens of other vessels of the body, such as arteries.
Bei einer ersten bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform derVorrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die bipolare Elektrode in einer Anordnung gestaltet, in der ihre beidenTeilelektroden in bezug zueinander innerlich d.h. ineinander teleskopierbar sind. Diese Ausführungsform schließt eineäußere Elektrode ein, welche vorzugsweise ein Zylinder mit offenen Enden ist, der eine äußere Seitenoberfläche d.h.Umfangsflache mit einem Isoliermantel darauf aufweist, derart, daß der Mantel bis zu der gesamten äußeren Seitenoberflächeder Elektrode bedeckt; und wobei die äußere Elektrode weiter einen Innenraum aufweist, in dem eine zweite oder innereElektrode verschiebbar angebracht ist, welche vorzugsweise stabförmig ist, wobei sie einen Außendurchmesser aufweist, derkleiner als der Innendurchmesser der äußeren Elektrode ist, sowie einen zylindrischen Schaft mit einer Seitenoberflächeund eine am distalen Ende des Schaftes angebrachte Spitze, undIn a first preferred general embodiment of the device of the present invention, the bipolar electrode is designed in an arrangement in which its two sub-electrodes are telescopic inwardly relative to each other. This embodiment includes an outer electrode, which is preferably an open-ended cylinder having an outer side surface, i.e. peripheral surface, with an insulating jacket thereon, such that the jacket covers up to the entire outer side surface of the electrode; and wherein the outer electrode further has an interior in which a second or inner electrode is slidably mounted, which is preferably rod-shaped, having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outer electrode, and a cylindrical shaft with a side surface and a tip mounted at the distal end of the shaft, and
weiter einen Isoliermantel darauf aufweist, der bis zu ihrer gesamten äußeren Oberfläche bedeckt, derart, daß derGesamtdurchmesser der inneren Elektrode und des Isoliermantels darauf noch immer kleiner als der Innendurchmesser der äußerenElektrode ist.further having an insulating jacket thereon covering up to its entire outer surface, such that thetotal diameter of the inner electrode and the insulating jacket thereon is still smaller than the inner diameter of the outer electrode.
Bei einer zweiten bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist die bipolare Elektrode in einer Anordnunggestaltet, in der ihre beiden Teilelektroden in bezug zueinander äußerlich d.h. nebeneinander teleskopierbar oderverschiebbar sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die zweiteElektrode, die ebenfalls einen Isoliermantel darauf aufweisen kann, der bis zu der gesamten äußeren Oberfläche der Elektrodebedeckt, außerhalb von und parallel zu der ersten Elektrode verschiebbar, die ebenfalls einen Isoliermantel daraufaufweisen kann, der bis zu der gesamten äußeren Oberfläche dieser Elektrode bedeckt.In a second preferred general embodiment of the device, the bipolar electrode is designed in an arrangement in which its two sub-electrodes are telescopic or displaceable with respect to each other externally, i.e. side by side. In this embodiment, the second electrode, which may also have an insulating jacket thereon covering up to the entire outer surface of the electrode, is displaceable outside of and parallel to the first electrode, which may also have an insulating jacket thereon covering up to the entire outer surface of that electrode.
Die erste und zweite bevorzugte allgemeine Ausführungsform derbipolaren Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung können beide weitere spezielle alternative Ausführungsformen im Hinblickauf die Einzelheiten ihrer beiden hauptsächlichen Teilelektroden aufweisen.The first and second preferred general embodiments of thebipolar electrode of the present invention may both have further specific alternative embodiments with respect to thedetails of their two main sub-electrodes.
Fig. 1 ist eine Ansicht einer ersten bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform des distalen Endes einer bipolaren Elektrodegemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei sich die innere Elektrode in einer zurückgezogenen Position befindet.Figure 1 is a view of a first preferred general embodiment of the distal end of a bipolar electrodeaccording to the present invention, with the inner electrode in a retracted position.
Fig. 2 ist eine Ansicht der bipolaren Elektrode aus Fig. 1, wobei sich die innere Elektrode in einer ausgefahrenenPosition befindet.Figure 2 is a view of the bipolar electrode of Figure 1 with the inner electrode in an extended position.
Fig. 3 ist eine Ansicht des distalen Endes einer alternativenFig. 3 is a view of the distal end of an alternative
Ausführungsform der ersten bevorzugten allgemeinenAusführungsform von bipolarer Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei eine lenkbare flexible innere Elektrode ineiner ausgefahrenen Position dargestellt ist.Embodiment of the first preferred generalembodiment of bipolar electrode according to the present invention, wherein a steerable flexible inner electrode is shown inan extended position.
Fig. 4 ist eine Ansicht einer noch anderen alternativen Ausführungsform der ersten bevorzugten allgemeinenAusführungsform von bipolarer Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei welcher die äußere und innere Elektrode beideverstellbare Isoliermäntel aufweisen.Figure 4 is a view of yet another alternative embodiment of the first preferred general embodiment of bipolar electrode according to the present invention, in which the outer and inner electrodes both have adjustable insulating jackets.
Fig. 5 zeigt das distale Ende einer zweiten bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform einer bipolaren Elektrode gemäßder vorliegenden Erfindung.Fig. 5 shows the distal end of a second preferred general embodiment of a bipolar electrode according tothe present invention.
Fig. 6 zeigt das Operationsverfahren mit einer bipolaren Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung beim Austrocknen einertumorartigen Masse.Fig. 6 shows the surgical procedure using a bipolar electrode of the present invention in drying out a tumor-like mass.
Sämtliche Ausführungsformen der ersten bevorzugten allgemeinenAusführungsform von bipolarer Elektrode gemäß der vorliegendenErfindung schließen eine erste äußere Elektrode und eine zweite innere Elektrode ein. Die äußere Elektrode ist ein imwesentlichen ringförmiger Zylinder mit offenen Enden, der einen Außen- und einen Innendurchmesser, eine Dicke und eineröhrenförmige Seitenoberfläche sowie einen Innenraum aufweist. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die äußere Elektrodeein Zylinder mit offenen Enden. Entweder die äußere oder die innere Elektrode oder sowohl die äußere und die innereElektrode sind jeweils einzeln von einem Mantel aus Isoliermaterial umgeben, welcher bis zu der gesamtenSeitenoberfläche der Elektrode bedeckt. Bei einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist jede Elektrode einzeln voneinem Mantel aus Isoliermaterial umgeben, welcher die gesamteAll embodiments of the first preferred general embodiment of bipolar electrode according to the present invention include a first outer electrode and a second inner electrode. The outer electrode is a substantially annular open-ended cylinder having an outer and inner diameter, a thickness and a tubular side surface and an interior space. In a preferred embodiment, the outer electrode is an open-ended cylinder. Either the outer or inner electrode or both the outer and inner electrodes are each individually surrounded by a jacket of insulating material which covers up to the entire side surface of the electrode. In another preferred embodiment, each electrode is individually surrounded by a jacket of insulating material which covers the entire
Seitenoberfläche der Elektrode bedeckt. Bei alternativenAusfuhrungsformen von bipolaren Elektroden gemäß dervorliegenden Erfindung sind die erste und zweite Elektrode so gestaltet, daß sie einander benachbart sind, statt daß sichdie zweite Elektrode innerhalb der ersten Elektrode befindet. Bei einer derartigen Anordnung sind Mittel vorgesehen, um diebeiden Elektroden verschiebbar miteinander zu verbinden, derart, daß die erste und zweite Elektrode in bezug zueinandereine gegenseitige Verschiebebewegung gestatten.side surface of the electrode. In alternative embodiments of bipolar electrodes according to the present invention, the first and second electrodes are designed to be adjacent to each other, rather than having the second electrode located within the first electrode. In such an arrangement, means are provided to slidably connect the two electrodes together such that the first and second electrodes allow mutual sliding movement with respect to each other.
Allgemein ist bei den am meisten bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsformen, wie nachfolgend beschrieben, die äußerezylindrische Ringelektrode ein zylindrischer Ring und weist feststehende Längen-, Dicken- sowie Innen- undAußendurchmesser-Abmessungen auf. Die zylindrische Ringelektrode bildet einen Zylinder mit offenen Enden miteiner röhrenförmigen Seitenoberfläche und einem Innenraum. Die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode ist aus herkömmlichemmetallischem Elektrodenmaterial gefertigt.Generally, in the most preferred embodiments, as described below, the outer cylindrical ring electrode is a cylindrical ring and has fixed length, thickness, and inner and outer diameter dimensions. The cylindrical ring electrode forms an open-ended cylinder with a tubular side surface and an interior space. The outer cylindrical ring electrode is made of conventional metallic electrode material.
Die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode ist von einem Mantel aus Isoliermaterial umgeben. Bei einer Ausführungsform bildet dasIsoliermaterial einen Zylinder, dessen Innendurchmesser gleich dem Außendurchmesser der Elektrode ist, und ist an einem Endeabgedichtet. Der Mantel ist an der metallischen röhrenförmigen Seitenwand der Elektrode befestigt und erstreckt sich vom Randseines distalen Endes bis zum Rand seines proximalen Endes über die volle Länge des Zylinders, wobei er die Seite desproximalen Endes des Zylinders vollständig bedeckt und nur an der Seite seines distalen Endes eine freiliegende metallischeElektrodenoberfläche in Form eines kreisförmigen Rings freiläßt, mit einer Breite, die gleich der Dicke des Metallsist, aus welchem die zylindrische Ringelektrode gefertigt ist.The outer cylindrical ring electrode is surrounded by a jacket of insulating material. In one embodiment, the insulating material forms a cylinder having an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the electrode and is sealed at one end. The jacket is attached to the metallic tubular side wall of the electrode and extends from the edge of its distal end to the edge of its proximal end over the full length of the cylinder, completely covering the side of the proximal end of the cylinder and leaving only on the side of its distal end an exposed metallic electrode surface in the form of a circular ring with a width equal to the thickness of the metal from which the cylindrical ring electrode is made.
Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist der Isoliermantelnicht dauerhaft an der metallischen röhrenförmigen Seitenoberflächenwand der äußeren zylindrischen ElektrodeIn an alternative embodiment, the insulating jacket isnot permanently attached to the metallic tubular side surface wall of the outer cylindrical electrode
befestigt, sondern ist statt dessen verschiebbar angebracht, so daß er vom proximalen Ende des Zylinders aus um eineeinstellbare Länge zurückverschoben werden kann, so daß ein Teil der Elektrodenseitenoberflache unbedeckt bleibt.fixed, but is instead slidably mounted so that it can be moved back an adjustable length from the proximal end of the cylinder so that part of the electrode side surface remains uncovered.
Bei den am meisten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen ist die innere Elektrode der bipolaren Elektrode stabförmig und istverschiebbar im Raum der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode angebracht, so daß sich die innere Elektrode "teleskopartig"mit der äußeren Elektrode zusammenschieben läßt. Die innere Stabelektrode weist einen massiven zylindrischen Schaftteilauf, der alternativ in einer zylindrischen oder stromlinienförmigen gerundeten Spitze endet. Die innereStabelektrode weist feststehende Längen- und Durchmesser-Abmessungen auf. Die Größe des Durchmessers des Stabs wirddurch die Einschränkung bestimmt, daß der Gesamtdurchmesser des Stabs und eines ihn umgebenden Isoliermantels, wie untenbeschrieben, nicht größer ist als der Innendurchmesser der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode, so daß sich die innereStabelektrode und ihr Isoliermantel frei im Raum der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode verschieben können. Die innereStabelektrode ist ebenfalls aus herkömmlichem metallischem Elektrodenmaterial gefertigt.In the most preferred embodiments, the inner electrode of the bipolar electrode is rod-shaped and is slidably mounted in the space of the outer cylindrical ring electrode so that the inner electrode can be "telescopically" pushed together with the outer electrode. The inner rod electrode has a solid cylindrical shaft portion that alternatively ends in a cylindrical or streamlined rounded tip. The inner rod electrode has fixed length and diameter dimensions. The size of the diameter of the rod is determined by the restriction that the total diameter of the rod and a surrounding insulating jacket, as described below, is not larger than the inner diameter of the outer cylindrical ring electrode so that the inner rod electrode and its insulating jacket can slide freely in the space of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The inner rod electrode is also made of conventional metallic electrode material.
Die innere Stabelektrode ist von einem Mantel aus Isoliermaterial umgeben. Bei einer Ausführungsform, beiwelcher die Stabelektrode eine zylindrisch geformte Spitze aufweist, umschließt der Isoliermantel die Stabelektrode mitAusnahme einer Vorderseite der Spitze, wo die metallische Stirnfläche freigelegt bleibt, vollständig. Bei dieserAusführungsform ist der Isoliermantel an der metallischenSeitenwand des Schaftes der inneren Stabelektrode befestigt.The inner rod electrode is surrounded by a jacket made of insulating material. In an embodiment in which the rod electrode has a cylindrically shaped tip, the insulating jacket completely encloses the rod electrode with the exception of a front side of the tip where the metallic end face remains exposed. In this embodiment, the insulating jacket is attached to the metallic side wall of the shaft of the inner rod electrode.
Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist der Isoliermantel nicht dauerhaft an der metallischen Seitenoberfläche desSchaftteils des inneren Stabs angebracht, sondern ist statt dessen verschiebbar angebracht, so daß der Isoliermantel vomIn an alternative embodiment, the insulating jacket is not permanently attached to the metallic side surface of the shaft portion of the inner rod, but is instead slidably attached so that the insulating jacket can be
proximalen Ende des inneren Stabs aus um eine einstellbare Länge zurückverschoben werden kann, um einen Teil dermetallischen Seitenoberfläche des Schaftes der inneren Stabelektrode unbedeckt zu lassen.proximal end of the inner rod can be retracted by an adjustable length to leave a portion of the metallic side surface of the shaft of the inner rod electrode uncovered.
Fig. 1 ist eine Schrägansicht des distalen Endes einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer bipolaren Elektrode 1 gemäßder vorliegenden Erfindung. Die bipolare Elektrode 1 umfaßt eine äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode 2 mit einer Dicketlfdie von einem ersten Isoliermantel 3 mit einer Dicke t2 umgebenist. Die gesamte bipolare Elektrode weist einen Außendurchmesser D1 auf, welcher die Dicke des äußerenIsoliermantels einschließt. Die zylindrische Ringelektrode selbst weist einen Außendurchmesser D2 und einenInnendurchmesser D3 auf, wobei die Dicke tj der metallischenElektrode gleich einer Hälfte der Differenz D2 - D3 ist. Dervon der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode 2 gebildete innere Raum weist einen Durchmesser auf, der gleich demInnendurchmesser D3 der Ringelektrode ist.Fig. 1 is an oblique view of the distal end of a preferred embodiment of a bipolar electrode 1 according to the present invention. The bipolar electrode 1 comprises an outer cylindrical ring electrode 2 with a thicknesst1 which is surrounded by a first insulating jacket 3 with a thickness t2 . The entire bipolar electrode has an outer diameter D1 which includes the thickness of the outer insulating jacket. The cylindrical ring electrode itself has an outer diameter D2 and an inner diameter D3 , the thickness tj of the metallic electrode being equal to one half of the difference D2 - D3 . The inner space formed by the outer cylindrical ring electrode 2 has a diameter equal to the inner diameter D3 of the ring electrode.
Eine innere Stabelektrode 4 ist verschiebbar innerhalb des Raums der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode angeordnet. Dieinnere Stabelektrode ist alternativ entweder als ein an seinem vorderen Ende verschlossener röhrenförmiger Metallstab oderals ein massiver Metallstab gefertigt. Die innere Stabelektrode weist einen Außendurchmesser D4 auf, der kleinerist als der Durchmesser des Raums. Die innere Stabelektrode ist von einem zweiten Isoliermantel 5 umgeben, der an derinneren Stabelektrode angebracht ist und der die metallische äußere Oberfläche des Stabs von der metallischen innerenOberfläche der zylindrischen Ringelektrode trennt. Der an der Stabelektrode angebrachte innere Isoliermantel weist eineDicke t4 auf, die gleich einer Hälfte der Differenz D3 - D4ist. Der kombinierte Durchmesser des inneren Stabs D4 und dieDicke t4 seines Isoliermantels können zusammen den DurchmesserD3 des Raums der zylindrischen Ringelektrode nicht übersteigenund sind vorzugsweise geringfügig kleiner als dieser, um es zuAn inner rod electrode 4 is slidably disposed within the space of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The inner rod electrode is alternatively fabricated either as a tubular metal rod closed at its front end or as a solid metal rod. The inner rod electrode has an outer diameter D4 which is smaller than the diameter of the space. The inner rod electrode is surrounded by a second insulating jacket 5 which is attached to the inner rod electrode and which separates the metallic outer surface of the rod from the metallic inner surface of the cylindrical ring electrode. The inner insulating jacket attached to the rod electrode has a thickness t4 which is equal to one half of the difference D3 - D4. The combined diameter of the inner rod D4 and the thickness t4 of its insulating jacket together cannot exceed the diameter D3 of the space of the cylindrical ring electrode and are preferably slightly smaller than this in order to
ermöglichen, die Stabelektrode und ihren Isoliermantel frei im Raum vor und zurück zu verschieben.allow the rod electrode and its insulating sheath to be moved freely back and forth in space.
Bei alternativen Ausführungsformen werden die innereStabelektrode und ihr Isoliermantel statt mit einer zylindrisch geformten Spitze mit einer Spitze mit gerundetemUmriß angefertigt, um insbesondere dann, wenn die Stabelektrode über den vorderen Rand der zylindrischenRingelektrode hinaus ausgefahren wird, die Möglichkeit zu minimieren, daß die Spitze eine Perforation der Körperhöhleoder des Gefäßlumens verursacht, in welchem die Elektrode ausgebracht wird.In alternative embodiments, the inner rod electrode and its insulating sheath are made with a tip with a rounded outline rather than a cylindrically shaped tip to minimize the possibility of the tip causing perforation of the body cavity or vessel lumen into which the electrode is deployed, particularly when the rod electrode is extended beyond the leading edge of the cylindrical ring electrode.
Fig. 1 zeigt die bipolare Elektrode im zurückgezogenen Zustand angeordnet, in dem die innere Stabelektrode und ihrIsoliermantel ins Innere des Raums der zylindrischen Ringelektrode zurückgezogen sind, so daß sich die Spitze derStabelektrode nicht über eine Ebene durch den vorderen Rand des distalen Endes der zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinauserstreckt. Die bipolare Elektrode wird in dieser Anordnung zum Situs des Neoplasmas ausgebracht, welches entfernt werdensoll.Fig. 1 shows the bipolar electrode arranged in the retracted state in which the inner rod electrode and its insulating sheath are retracted into the interior of the cylindrical ring electrode space so that the tip of the rod electrode does not extend beyond a plane through the front edge of the distal end of the cylindrical ring electrode. The bipolar electrode is deployed in this configuration to the site of the neoplasm to be removed.
Fig. 2 ist eine Seitenansicht der bipolaren Elektrode aus Fig. 1, wobei die innere Stabelektrode und ihr Isoliermantel ineiner ausgefahrenen Position dargestellt sind, in der die Spitze der Elektrode und ein Teil des Schaftes des Stabs umeine Distanz über den vorderen Rand der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinaus ausgefahren sind. Die bipolare Elektrodewird in diese Anordnung gebracht, wenn ihr zur Austrocknung oder Ablation eines Neoplasmas Strom zugeführt werden soll.Fig. 2 is a side view of the bipolar electrode of Fig. 1, showing the inner rod electrode and its insulating sheath inan extended position in which the tip of the electrode and a portion of the rod shaft are extended a distance beyond the leading edge of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The bipolar electrode is placed in this configuration when current is to be applied to it for desiccation or ablation of a neoplasm.
Bei der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsformder bipolaren Elektrode sind der erste und zweite Isoliermantel starr an den äußeren Oberflächen der äußerenzylindrischen Ringelektrode bzw. der inneren Stabelektrode angebracht. Das Isoliermaterial bedeckt vollständig dieIn the embodiment of the bipolar electrode shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first and second insulating jackets are rigidly attached to the outer surfaces of the outer cylindrical ring electrode and the inner rod electrode, respectively. The insulating material completely covers the
Seitenoberflächen des zylindrischen Rings und des Stabs. Der erste Isoliermantel um die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrodeherum erstreckt sich bis zum vorderen Rand des zylindrischen Rings, so daß nur ein kreisförmiger Metallstreifen, dessenDicke gleich der Dicke tj = (D2-D3)/2 der zylindrischenRingelektrode selbst ist, in einer senkrecht zur axialen Richtung der Elektrode durch die Vorderseite der Elektrodeverlaufenden Ebene unbedeckt bleibt.Side surfaces of the cylindrical ring and the rod. The first insulating jacket around the outer cylindrical ring electrode extends to the front edge of the cylindrical ring so that only a circular metal strip, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness tj = (D2 -D3 )/2 of the cylindrical ring electrode itself, remains uncovered in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the electrode through the front surface of the electrode.
Im Fall der inneren Stabelektrode, welche eine zylindrisch geformte Spitze aufweist, erstreckt sich der zweiteIsoliermantel um die innere Stabelektrode herum ebenfalls bis zum vorderen Rand des zylindrischen Stabs, so daß nur einMetallkreis vom selben Durchmesser wie die Stabelektrode selbst, D3, in einer senkrecht zur axialen Richtung derElektrode durch die Vorderseite der Elektrode verlaufenden Ebene unbedeckt bleibt.In the case of the inner rod electrode, which has a cylindrically shaped tip, the second insulating sheath around the inner rod electrode also extends to the front edge of the cylindrical rod, so that only a metal circle of the same diameter as the rod electrode itself, D3 , remains uncovered in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the electrode through the front of the electrode.
Im Fall der inneren Stabelektrode, welche eine Spitze mit parabolischem Umriß aufweist, bedeckt der Isoliermantel beieiner alternativen Ausführungsform im wesentlichen die gesamteSpitze, wobei nur ein kreisförmiger Fleck freiliegendes Metall am entfernten Punkt der Spitze bleibt. Bei einer anderenalternativen Ausführungsform bleibt die gesamte Spitze mitparabolischem Umriß von der Isolierung unbedeckt, wobei die metallische Oberfläche der Elektrodenspitze frei bleibt; beidieser Ausführungsform ist nur der zylindrische Schaftteil der Stabelektrode isoliert.In the case of the inner stick electrode having a parabolic contour tip, in an alternative embodiment the insulating jacket covers substantially the entire tip, leaving only a circular patch of exposed metal at the distal point of the tip. In another alternative embodiment the entire parabolic contour tip remains uncovered by the insulation, leaving the metallic surface of the electrode tip exposed; in this embodiment only the cylindrical shaft portion of the stick electrode is insulated.
Bei noch anderen alternativen Ausführungsformen der bipolarenElektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind der erste und/oder zweite Isoliermantel, anstatt fest, verstellbar anden äußeren Oberflächen der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode bzw. der inneren Stabelektrode angebracht. Beidiesen Ausführungsformen lassen sich die Isoliermäntel von denproximalen Enden der Elektroden aus um eine einstellbare Distanz entlang der Länge der Elektroden zurückziehen, so daßIn still other alternative embodiments of the bipolar electrode according to the present invention, the first and/or second insulating sheaths are adjustably attached to the outer surfaces of the outer cylindrical ring electrode and the inner rod electrode, respectively, rather than fixedly. In these embodiments, the insulating sheaths are retractable from the proximal ends of the electrodes by an adjustable distance along the length of the electrodes so that
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ein Teil der metallischen Seitenoberflächen der Elektroden an ihren distalen Enden freigelegt wird.a portion of the metallic side surfaces of the electrodes at their distal ends is exposed.
Die Distanz, um welche die Isoliermäntel zurückgezogen werden, um einen zusätzlichen Bereich der Seitenoberfläche derElektroden freizulegen, wird durch Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Größe und Form des zu entfernenden Neoplasmas und demModus der Stromzufuhr zu den Elektroden entweder zur Austrocknung oder Ablation bestimmt. Es ist wichtig, daßzwischen der Elektrodenoberfläche und dem Neoplasma ein guterKontakt hergestellt wird, damit die Zufuhr der Radiofrequenzenergie wirkungsvoll ist. Außerdem kann dann,wenn man im Austrocknungs-Modus arbeitet, ein größerer Oberflächenkontakt erforderlich sein, als für denAblationsmodus.The distance that the insulating sheaths are pulled back to expose additional area of the side surface of the electrodes is determined by considerations of the size and shape of the neoplasm to be removed and the mode of power delivery to the electrodes for either desiccation or ablation. It is important that good contact be made between the electrode surface and the neoplasm for the delivery of radiofrequency energy to be effective. In addition, when operating in desiccation mode, greater surface contact may be required than for ablation mode.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform einerbipolaren Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, bei welcher sowohl der erste und der zweite Isoliermantel auf denäußeren Oberflächen der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode bzw. der inneren Stabelektrode verstellbar angebracht sind.Die bipolare Elektrode 1 ist in einer ausgefahrenen Operationsanordnung dargestellt, wobei die innereStabelektrode 4 um eine Gesamtdistanz L' über die freiliegende metallische Vorderseite der äußeren zylindrischenRingelektrode 2 hinaus ausgefahren ist. Zusätzlich sind beide Elektroden mit zurückgezogenen Isoliermänteln dargestellt, umbeispielsweise für den Ablations-Operationsmodus zusätzliche Bereiche auf den Elektrodenseitenoberflachen freizulegen. Soist der die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode 2 umgebende erste Isoliermantel 3 um eine Distanz L1 von der Vorderseiteder Elektrode zurückgezogen, um einen Bereich 2a der Seitenoberfläche der Elektrode freizulegen. Entsprechend istder die innere Stabelektrode 4 umgebende zweite Isoliermantel 5 um eine Distanz L3 von der Vorderseite der Elektrodezurückgezogen, um einen Bereich 4a der Seitenoberfläche der Elektrode freizulegen. Der Isoliermantel 5 ist um eineFig. 3 shows another preferred embodiment of a bipolar electrode according to the present invention, in which both the first and second insulating jackets are adjustably mounted on the outer surfaces of the outer cylindrical ring electrode and the inner rod electrode, respectively. The bipolar electrode 1 is shown in an extended operating configuration, with the inner rod electrode 4 extended a total distance L' beyond the exposed metallic front of the outer cylindrical ring electrode 2. In addition, both electrodes are shown with their insulating jackets retracted to expose additional areas on the electrode side surfaces, for example for the ablation operating mode. Thus, the first insulating jacket 3 surrounding the outer cylindrical ring electrode 2 is retracted a distance L1 from the front of the electrode to expose a region 2a of the side surface of the electrode. Similarly, the second insulating jacket 5 surrounding the inner rod electrode 4 is retracted a distance L3 from the front of the electrode to expose a region 4a of the side surface of the electrode. The insulating jacket 5 is retracted a
lili
einstellbare Distanz L2 über die Vorderseite der äußerenzylindrischen Ringelektrode hinaus vorgeschoben. Die Distanz L2, um welche der Isoliermantel vorgeschoben ist, plus dieDistanz L3, um welche die Vorderseite des Isoliermantels vonder Vorderseite der inneren Stabelektrode zurückgezogen ist, ergeben zusammen L1, den axialen Abstand zwischen der Spitzeder inneren Stabelektrode und der Vorderseite der zylindrischen Ringelektrode.adjustable distance L2 beyond the front of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The distance L2 by which the insulating jacket is advanced plus the distance L3 by which the front of the insulating jacket is retracted from the front of the inner rod electrode together give L1 , the axial distance between the tip of the inner rod electrode and the front of the cylindrical ring electrode.
In einigen Situationen kann das zu entfernende Neoplasma so unregelmäßig geformt sein, daß ein ausreichender Kontaktzwischen der Elektrode und dem Gewebe selbst dann nicht erreicht werden kann, wenn der Isoliermantel von der innerenStabelektrode zurückgezogen wird, um einen zusätzlichen Bereich der Elektrodenseitenoberflache freizulegen. Inderartigen Fällen ist es wünschenswert, eine flexible innere Stabelektrode und einen flexiblen inneren Isoliermantel zuhaben, so daß die Stabelektrode, sobald sie einmal gerade über die Vorderseite der zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinausausgefahren ist, in eine Position gebogen werden kann, durch die sich die Oberfläche der inneren Stabelektrode enger an dieunregelmäßige Form des Neoplasmas hält. Die flexible innere Stabelektrode läßt sich über den vorderen Rand der Vorderseiteder zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinaus ausfahren und derart biegen, daß die Stabelektrode eine gekrümmte Gestalt annimmtund sich außerhalb einer Verlängerung des Umfangs des ersten Isoliermantels erstreckt, wobei sie einen Winkel mit einerMittelachse durch die Mitte der zylindrischen Ringelektrode einschließt. Die flexible innere Stabelektrode dieserAusführungsform ist vom proximalen Ende der bipolarenElektrode aus mittels eines Steuerdrahts lenkbar.In some situations, the neoplasm to be removed may be so irregularly shaped that adequate contact between the electrode and the tissue cannot be achieved even when the insulating sheath is pulled back from the inner rod electrode to expose an additional area of the electrode side surface. In such cases, it is desirable to have a flexible inner rod electrode and a flexible inner insulating sheath so that the rod electrode, once extended just beyond the front of the cylindrical ring electrode, can be bent into a position that causes the surface of the inner rod electrode to conform more closely to the irregular shape of the neoplasm. The flexible inner rod electrode can be extended beyond the front edge of the front of the cylindrical ring electrode and bent such that the rod electrode assumes a curved shape and extends outside an extension of the circumference of the first insulating sheath, forming an angle with a central axis through the center of the cylindrical ring electrode. The flexible inner rod electrode of this embodiment can be controlled from the proximal end of the bipolar electrode by means of a control wire.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine bipolare Elektrode 1 von der Art mit einer flexiblen lenkbaren inneren Stabelektrode 4. Die innereStabelektrode 4 befindet sich zusammen mit ihrem Isoliermantel 5 in einer bogenförmig ausgefahrenen Position jenseits desvorderen Randes der Vorderseite der zylindrischenFig. 4 shows a bipolar electrode 1 of the type with a flexible steerable inner rod electrode 4. The inner rod electrode 4 is located together with its insulating jacket 5 in an arcuate extended position beyond the front edge of the front of the cylindrical
Ringelektrode 2 und ihres Isoliermantels 3. Die innere Stabelektrode ist um eine gekrümmte Länge L1 über den vorderenRand der zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinaus verstellbar ausgefahren. Die Mittellinie durch die Spitze der innerenStabelektrode schneidet die Mittellinie durch die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode unter einem veränderbarenRaumwinkel O^ welcher eine Funktion des Ausmaßes der Krümmungist, die der Stabelektrode verliehen wurde.ring electrode 2 and its insulating jacket 3. The inner rod electrode is adjustably extended by a curved length L1 beyond the front edge of the cylindrical ring electrode. The center line through the tip of the inner rod electrode intersects the center line through the outer cylindrical ring electrode at a variable solid angle O^ which is a function of the amount of curvature imparted to the rod electrode.
Die Ausführungsform der bipolaren Elektrode gemäß dervorliegenden Erfindung, welche eine flexible lenkbare innere Stabelektrode enthält, kann auch so angefertigt werden, daßder Isoliermantel auf der inneren Stabelektrode und/oder der Isoliermantel auf der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrodeverschiebbar verstellbar sind, um auf einer oder beiden Elektroden einen zusätzlichen Bereich der metallischenElektrodenseitenoberflache freizulegen. Das Merkmal, daß man die innere Stabelektrode in einer bogenförmigen Anordnungpositionieren kann, zusammen mit dem Merkmal, daß man die Isoliermäntel zumindest auf der inneren Stabelektrode odersowohl auf der inneren Stabelektrode und der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode verstellen kann, sorgen für einegroße Flexibilität bei der Verwendung der bipolaren Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung zum Entfernen von Neoplasmen vonstark schwankender Größe und Form.The embodiment of the bipolar electrode according to the present invention which includes a flexible steerable inner rod electrode can also be made so that the insulating jacket on the inner rod electrode and/or the insulating jacket on the outer cylindrical ring electrode are slidably adjustable to expose an additional area of the metal electrode side surface on one or both electrodes. The feature of being able to position the inner rod electrode in an arcuate configuration, together with the feature of being able to adjust the insulating jackets on at least the inner rod electrode or on both the inner rod electrode and the outer cylindrical ring electrode, provide great flexibility in using the bipolar electrode of the present invention to remove neoplasms of widely varying sizes and shapes.
Sowohl die äußere zylindrische Ringelektrode und die innere Stabelektrode sind mit einem Radiofrequenz (RF)-Generatorverbunden, welcher zum Austrocknen oder zur Ablation eines Neoplasmas jeder Elektrode RF-Energie zuführt.Both the outer cylindrical ring electrode and the inner rod electrode are connected to a radio frequency (RF) generator, which delivers RF energy to each electrode to dry out or ablate a neoplasm.
Bei der zweiten bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform von bipolarer Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind diebeiden hauptsächlichen Teilelektroden in bezug zueinander äußerlich angeordnet und sind in bezug zueinander teleskopischverschiebbar.In the second preferred general embodiment of bipolar electrode according to the present invention, thetwo main sub-electrodes are arranged externally with respect to each other and are telescopicallyslidable with respect to each other.
Fig. 5 zeigt das distale Ende der zweite bevorzugten allgemeinen Ausführungsform einer bipolaren Elektrode 1 gemäßder vorliegenden Erfindung, bei welcher die zweite Elektrode und der zweite Isoliermantel 5 äußerlich parallel zur erstenElektrode 2 und zum ersten Isoliermantel 3 angeordnet sind und in bezug dazu teleskopisch verschiebbar sind. Gemäß dieserAusführungsform können die erste und zweite Elektrode so angefertigt werden, daß sie im wesentlichen dieselbenAußendurchmesser aufweisen, da es nicht notwendig ist, daß die erste Elektrode als zylindrisches Rohr mit größeremDurchmesser als die zweite Elektrode angefertigt wird, um die zweite Elektrode im Inneren zu unterzubringen. Gemäß dieserAusführungsform können beide Elektroden als massive Stäbeangefertigt werden. Beide Elektrode können mit Isoliermänteln versehen werden, welche in bezug zu ihrer Elektrode fest oderverschiebbar sein können. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind diebeiden Elektroden in bezug zueinander durch Mittel (nicht dargestellt) verschiebbar verbunden, welche eineRelativbewegung der zweiten Elektrode und ihres Isoliermantels in bezug zur ersten Elektrode und ihrem Isoliermantelgestatten. Da der Außendurchmesser der ersten Elektrode kleiner gemacht werden kann, als bei Ausführungsformen, beidenen die zweite Elektrode innerhalb der ersten Elektrode angeordnet ist, kann diese Ausführungsform mit den beidenäußerlich parallel zueinander angeordneten Elektroden so angefertigt werden, daß sie einen entsprechendenGesamtaußendurchmesser (D5) aufweist, der einer Ausführungsformvergleichbar ist, bei der die zweite Elektrode innerhalb der ersten Elektrode angeordnet ist.Fig. 5 shows the distal end of the second preferred general embodiment of a bipolar electrode 1 according to the present invention, in which the second electrode and the second insulating sheath 5 are arranged externally parallel to the first electrode 2 and the first insulating sheath 3 and are telescopically displaceable relative thereto. According to this embodiment, the first and second electrodes can be made to have substantially the same external diameters, since it is not necessary for the first electrode to be made as a cylindrical tube of larger diameter than the second electrode in order to accommodate the second electrode inside. According to this embodiment, both electrodes can be made as solid rods. Both electrodes can be provided with insulating sheaths which can be fixed or displaceable relative to their electrode. In this embodiment, the two electrodes are displaceably connected relative to each other by means (not shown) which allow relative movement of the second electrode and its insulating sheath relative to the first electrode and its insulating sheath. Since the outer diameter of the first electrode can be made smaller than in embodiments in which the second electrode is arranged inside the first electrode, this embodiment with the two electrodes arranged externally parallel to each other can be made to have a corresponding total outer diameter (D5 ) which is comparable to an embodiment in which the second electrode is arranged inside the first electrode.
Wegen ihrer stromlinienförmigen und kompakten Gestalt ist die bipolare Elektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung ideal fürmedizinische Anwendungsfälle geeignet, besonders für die Entfernung von Neoplasmen, wie beispielsweise Gewebe oder einetumorartige Masse, aus relativ unzugänglichen Teilen des Körpers. Wegen ihrer kompakten Größe weist die bipolareElektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung gegenüber herkömmlichenBecause of its streamlined and compact design, the bipolar electrode of the present invention is ideally suited for medical applications, particularly for the removal of neoplasms, such as tissue or a tumor-like mass, from relatively inaccessible parts of the body. Because of its compact size, the bipolar electrode of the present invention has advantages over conventional
bipolaren Elektroden den Vorteil auf, daß sie ohne weiteres nicht-invasiv verwendet werden kann, um die Elektroden, welchedie RF-Energie zuführen, zum Situs der zu entfernenden Masse zu bringen, entweder durch Einführen der Elektrode durch eineverhältnismäßig kleine natürliche Körperhöhle oder durch Verwendung in Verbindung mit einem Katheter, vor dem dieElektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung angebracht ist, indem man den Katheter und die bipolare Elektrode durch das Lumen einesGefäßes des Körpers, wie beispielsweise eine Arterie, zum Situs der zu entfernenden Masse lenkt. So, wie er hierverwendet wird, bedeutet der Begriff nicht-invasiv, daß keine große chirurgische Öffnung erforderlich ist, und schließtVerfahren ein, bei denen ein kleiner Einschnitt nach Art eines Einstichs in den Körper erforderlich ist, durch den diebipolare Elektrode eingeführt wird.bipolar electrodes has the advantage that it can be readily used non-invasively to deliver the electrodes that deliver RF energy to the site of the mass to be removed, either by introducing the electrode through a relatively small natural body cavity or by use in conjunction with a catheter in front of which the electrode of the present invention is mounted, by directing the catheter and bipolar electrode through the lumen of a body vessel, such as an artery, to the site of the mass to be removed. As used herein, the term non-invasive means that no large surgical opening is required and includes procedures that require a small puncture-type incision in the body through which the bipolar electrode is introduced.
Eine bipolare Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird verwendet, um ein Neoplasma zu entfernen, indem man diebipolare Elektrode nicht-invasiv in das Lumen eines Gefäßes des menschlichen Körpers einführt, wobei sich die Elektrode ineiner vollständig zusammengeschobenen Anordnung befindet, das heißt, mit vollständig in den Raum der äußeren zylindrischenRingelektrode und ihres Isoliermantels zurückgezogener innerer Stabelektrode und ihres Isoliermantels, wie in Fig. 5dargestellt, und indem man die bipolare Elektrode durch das Lumen bis in die Nähe des Neoplasmas vorwärtsbewegt. Dieinnere Stabelektrode wird dann vorgeschoben, um ihre Spitze um eine Distanz über den vorderen Rand des distalen Endes deräußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode hinaus vorwärtszubewegen. Das Ausmaß des Kontakts zwischen den Elementen der bipolarenElektrode und dem Neoplasma wird durch die Art und Weise der Entfernung des Neoplasmas bestimmt, bei der die bipolareElektrode eingesetzt werden soll. So ist in gewissen Fällen, wo die bipolare Elektrode zum einfachen Durchschneiden einerkleinen Neoplasmamasse eingesetzt wird, gewöhnlich ein minimaler Kontakt zwischen der Spitze der innerenStabelektrode und der Masse ausreichend. Wenn die Masse größerA bipolar electrode according to the present invention is used to remove a neoplasm by non-invasively inserting the bipolar electrode into the lumen of a vessel of the human body with the electrode in a fully collapsed configuration, that is, with the inner rod electrode and its insulating sheath fully retracted into the space of the outer cylindrical ring electrode and its insulating sheath, as shown in Figure 5, and advancing the bipolar electrode through the lumen to the vicinity of the neoplasm. The inner rod electrode is then advanced to advance its tip a distance beyond the leading edge of the distal end of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The extent of contact between the elements of the bipolar electrode and the neoplasm is determined by the manner of neoplasm removal in which the bipolar electrode is to be used. Thus, in certain cases where the bipolar electrode is used to simply cut through a small neoplasm mass, a minimal contact between the tip of the inner rod electrode and the mass is usually sufficient. If the mass is larger
ist, kann ein größerer Kontakt erforderlich sein, und falls die Masse tief ist, kann die innere Stabelektrode in einerlanzenartigen Weise verwendet werden, um das Neoplasma zu durchbohren. Um in diesem Fall einen größeren Kontakt zwischender Elektrodenoberfläche und der Masse zu erreichen, wird vorzugsweise diejenige Ausführungsform der bipolaren Elektrodeverwendet, bei welcher die Isoliermäntel, welche die Stab- und Ringelektrode bedecken, verschiebbar verstellbar sind, wobeizumindest der Isoliermantel über der inneren Stabelektrode zurückgezogen wird, um zusätzlich zur Spitze einen Teil dergesamten Seitenoberfläche des Schaftteils des Stabs freizulegen. Der freigelegte Teil der Seitenoberfläche desSchafts der inneren Stabelektrode berührt die Neoplasmamasse, während die innere Stabelektrode die Masse durchbohrt. Beidiesem Verfahren wird die Masse von der Stabelektrode weggeschnitten, die ihren Weg hindurchbohrt. Während man aufdiese Weise operiert, kann man auch mit der freiliegenden Vorderseite der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode auf denproximalen Teil der Neoplasmamasse drücken, um die Größe der zum Schneiden verfügbaren Kontaktfläche zwischen Elektrode undMasse weiter zu vergrößern.greater contact may be required and if the mass is deep, the inner rod electrode may be used in a lance-like manner to pierce the neoplasm. In order to achieve greater contact between the electrode surface and the mass in this case, it is preferable to use that embodiment of the bipolar electrode in which the insulating sheaths covering the rod and ring electrodes are slidably adjustable, with at least the insulating sheath over the inner rod electrode being retracted to expose a portion of the entire side surface of the shaft portion of the rod in addition to the tip. The exposed portion of the side surface of the shaft of the inner rod electrode contacts the neoplasm mass as the inner rod electrode pierces the mass. In this procedure, the mass is cut away from the rod electrode which pierces its way through. While operating in this manner, one can also press the exposed front surface of the outer cylindrical ring electrode onto the proximal part of the neoplasm mass to further increase the size of the electrode-mass contact area available for cutting.
In Situationen, wo die bipolare Elektrode im Ablations-Modusverwendet wird, um eine Neoplasmamasse vollständig zu verdampfen, wird die verfügbare Fläche der Elektrodenelementeund der Masse klein gemacht. Dies wird erreicht, indem man ebenfalls den Isoliermantel wie erforderlich von der innerenund der äußeren zylindrischen Elektrode verstellt.In situations where the bipolar electrode is used in ablation modeto completely vaporize a neoplasm mass, the available area of the electrode elementsand the mass is made small. This is achieved by also adjusting the insulating sheath of the innerand outer cylindrical electrode as required.
Dort, wo die zu entfernende Neoplasmamasse relativ dick ist, wird die innere Stabelektrode mit zurückgezogenemIsoliermantel durch die Masse eingeführt, so daß die freiliegende Elektrodenoberfläche der Spitze gegen das distaleEnde der Masse anliegt, der freiliegende Schaftteil der Stabelektrode die Masse durchgehend berührt, und diefreiliegende Elektrodenoberfläche am Ende der äußerenzylindrischen Ringelektrode das proximale Ende derWhere the neoplasm mass to be removed is relatively thick, the inner rod electrode is inserted through the mass with the insulating sheath retracted so that the exposed electrode surface of the tip rests against the distal end of the mass, the exposed shaft portion of the rod electrode is in continuous contact with the mass, and the exposed electrode surface at the end of the outer cylindrical ring electrode is in contact with the proximal end of the
· ♦ &igr;· ♦&igr;
Neoplasmamasse berührt.Neoplasm mass touched.
Nachdem die Elektrodenoberfläche optimal im Kontakt mit derNeoplasmamasse plaziert worden ist, wird in allen Fällen Radiofrequenzenergie zu einer der berührenden Elektrodenzugeführt und von der mit Energie versorgten Elektrode durch die Neoplasmamasse zu der anderen Elektrode hindurchtretenlassen, wodurch sie in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Energiemenge geschnitten oder durch Ablation entfernt wird.In all cases, after the electrode surface has been optimally placed in contact with the neoplasm mass, radiofrequency energy is delivered to one of the contacting electrodes and allowed to pass from the energized electrode through the neoplasm mass to the other electrode, cutting it or removing it by ablation, depending on the amount of energy used.
Wenn der Schneid- oder Ablationsprozess abgeschlossen ist, wird die Zufuhr von Radiofrequenzenergie beendet, und dieinnere Stabelektrode und ihr Isoliermantel werden wieder in den Raum der äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrodezurückgezogen. Das Verfahren wird abgeschlossen, indem man die zurückgezogene bipolare Elektrode durch das Lumen des Gefäßesherauszieht und sie aus dem Körper entnimmt.When the cutting or ablation process is completed, the delivery of radiofrequency energy is stopped and the inner rod electrode and its insulating sheath are retracted back into the space of the outer cylindrical ring electrode. The procedure is completed by withdrawing the retracted bipolar electrode through the lumen of the vessel and removing it from the body.
Fig. 6 zeigt die Verwendung einer bipolaren Elektrode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bei der Entfernung einesGehirntumors. Die bipolare Elektrode 1 wird in der zurückgezogenen Anordnung durch einen kleinen Einschnitt imSchädel eingeführt und wird zum Situs der tumorartigen Masse 12 vorwärtsbewegt, welche durch Röntgenstrahlen oder eineandere herkömmliche Diagnosetechnik identifiziert und lokalisiert worden ist. Die Elektrode wird in engem Kontaktmit dem vorderen Rand der Masse positioniert und die Elektrode wird teleskopiert, so daß die innere Stabelektrode 4 die Massedurchbohrt., Die innere Stabelektrode 4 wird dann durch die Masse vorwärtsbewegt, bis sich der vordere Rand ihrer Spitzeim Kontakt mit dem entfernten Rand der Masse befindet. Um den im Kontakt mit der Masse befindlichen Bereich derElektrodenoberfläche zu maximieren, wird die innere Stabelektrode durch die Masse vorwärtsbewegt. Der vordere Randder äußeren zylindrischen Ringelektrode 2 wird im Anschlagkontakt mit dem vorderen Rand der Masse positioniert.Dann wird Radiofrequenzenergie vom Generator 10 über einenFig. 6 shows the use of a bipolar electrode according to the present invention in the removal of a brain tumor. The bipolar electrode 1 is inserted in the retracted configuration through a small incision in the skull and is advanced to the site of the tumorous mass 12 which has been identified and located by x-rays or other conventional diagnostic technique. The electrode is positioned in close contact with the anterior edge of the mass and the electrode is telescoped so that the inner rod electrode 4 pierces the mass. The inner rod electrode 4 is then advanced through the mass until the anterior edge of its tip is in contact with the distal edge of the mass. To maximize the area of the electrode surface in contact with the mass, the inner rod electrode is advanced through the mass. The anterior edge of the outer cylindrical ring electrode 2 is positioned in abutting contact with the anterior edge of the mass. Radio frequency energy is then applied from the generator 10 via a
Draht 7 zur inneren Stabelektrode zugeführt. Ein Strom fließt von der inneren Stabelektrode aus durch die Masse, trocknetdiese aus und wird dann an der äußeren Ringelektrode gesammelt, wobei er durch einen Draht 6 zurückfließt, um denStromkreis zu vervollständigen.Wire 7 is fed to the inner rod electrode. A current flows from the inner rod electrode through the mass, dries it out and is then collected at the outer ring electrode, flowing back through a wire 6 to complete the circuit.
Die vorangehenden Beispiele von Ausführungsformen einerbipolaren Elektrode und des Verfahrens zu ihrer Verwendung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind repräsentativ und sollennicht einschränkend sein. Andere Ausführungsformen, Anwendungsgebiete und Verfahren zur Verwendung der bipolarenElektrode der vorliegenden Erfindung innerhalb des Umfangs der hier beigefügten Ansprüche sind für den Fachmann ersichtlich.Andere Ausführungsformen einer bipolaren Elektrode innerhalbdes Umfangs der Ansprüche schließen zum Beispiel diejenigen mit einer äußeren und inneren Elektrode mit anderen Formen alsder äußeren zylindrischen Elektrode und der inneren Stabelektrode der oben ausführlich beschriebenen bevorzugtenAusführungsformen ein.The foregoing examples of embodiments of a bipolar electrode and method of using the same according to the present invention are representative and are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments, areas of application and methods of using the bipolar electrode of the present invention within the scope of the claims appended hereto will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments of a bipolar electrode within the scope of the claims include, for example, those having outer and inner electrodes having shapes other than the outer cylindrical electrode and inner rod electrode of the preferred embodiments described in detail above.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18952394A | 1994-01-31 | 1994-01-31 | |
| PCT/IB1994/000424WO1995020360A1 (en) | 1994-01-31 | 1994-12-14 | Telescoping bipolar electrode for non-invasive medical procedures |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE9490471U1true DE9490471U1 (en) | 1996-09-26 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9490471UExpired - LifetimeDE9490471U1 (en) | 1994-01-31 | 1994-12-14 | Telescopic bipolar electrode for non-invasive medical procedures |
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| JP (1) | JP2925036B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1076195A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE9490471U1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995020360A1 (en) |
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