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DE4030713A1 - Photoelectric solar generator - has flexible intermediate connecting plate designed to prevent solar cell fracture due to temp. change stresses - Google Patents

Photoelectric solar generator - has flexible intermediate connecting plate designed to prevent solar cell fracture due to temp. change stresses

Info

Publication number
DE4030713A1
DE4030713A1DE4030713ADE4030713ADE4030713A1DE 4030713 A1DE4030713 A1DE 4030713A1DE 4030713 ADE4030713 ADE 4030713ADE 4030713 ADE4030713 ADE 4030713ADE 4030713 A1DE4030713 A1DE 4030713A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
solar generator
photovoltaic solar
generator according
solar cells
connecting plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE4030713A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Helmut Dipl Ing Floedl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Telefunken Systemtechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefunken Systemtechnik AGfiledCriticalTelefunken Systemtechnik AG
Priority to DE4030713ApriorityCriticalpatent/DE4030713A1/en
Publication of DE4030713A1publicationCriticalpatent/DE4030713A1/en
Ceasedlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

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Abstract

The solar cells (10, 11) are arranged in an overlapping shingle pattern with their interconnecting contacts (2, 3) positioned on the longitudinal edges. An intermediate contactor plate (1), consisting of two contacts (4, 6) separated by a elastic area of conductive material (8), is permanently attached via solder points (5, 7) between the overlapping solar cells (10, 11). ADVANTAGE - Elastic intermediate connecting plate allows movement of individual solar cells during temperature changes. Longevity of solar generator significantly increased, material and manufacture of intermediate conencting plate can be selected according to solar cell construction.

Description

Translated fromGerman

Die Erfindung betrifft einen photovoltaischen Solargene­rator, dessen Solarzellen an den Längskanten Kontaktan­schlüsse aufweisen und in überlappender Form zu einem Schindelstring zusammengefaßt sind, wobei mehrere Schindel­strings vorzugsweise zwischen einem Träger und einer Ab­deckung in Schmelzkleberfolien eingebettet sind.The invention relates to a photovoltaic solar genesrator, whose solar cells contact at the longitudinal edgeshave conclusions and overlap to oneShingle string are combined, with multiple shinglesstrings preferably between a carrier and an abcover are embedded in hot-melt adhesive films.

Photovoltaische Solargeneratoren, deren Solarzellen in Schindeltechnik angeordnet sind, gelten in der Fachwelt als allgemein bekannt. Die Schindelstrings liegen beispiels­weise in Schmelzkleberfolien eingebettet zwischen einem Träger aus beispielsweise Glas oder Metall, vorzugsweise Aluminium, und einer Abdeckung, insbesondere aus Glas.Photovoltaic solar generators, whose solar cells inShingle technology are arranged in the professional worldas generally known. The shingle strings are, for exampleembedded in a hot melt adhesive film between oneCarriers made of, for example, glass or metal, preferablyAluminum, and a cover, especially of glass. 

Die Herstellung derartiger Solargeneratoren kann beispiels­weise dadurch erfolgen, daß die Schindelstrings durch Auf­einanderlegen der die Kontaktanschlüsse enthaltenden Längs­kanten der Solarzellen und durch anschließendes Kleben oder Löten der Kontaktanschlüsse jeweils der benachbarten Solar­zellen hergestellt werden. Bei den Kontakten kann es sich um im Siebdruckverfahren aufgebrachte oder um in Vakuumtechnik aufgedampfte Mehrschicht-Metallkontakte handeln, die einen Anschlußbalken oder Anschlußbereiche an einer Längskante der Solarzelle aufweisen. Anschließend werden die Schindel­strings untereinander verschaltet, mit elektrischen An­schlüssen versehen und in den Schmelzkleberfolien eingebet­tet. Der mit einer Abdeckung und einem Träger versehene Generatorverbund wird abschließend in einem Vakuum-Verbund­prozeß zu dem photovoltaischen Solargenerator laminiert. Es hat sich bei den beschriebenen Solargeneratoren herausge­stellt, daß im Bereich der Kontaktverbindungen durch Tempe­raturwechsel-Kräfte im Generatormodul nachteiligerweise Zel­lenbrüche aufgetreten sind, insbesondere bei einer Rücksei­tenabdeckung aus Aluminium.The production of such solar generators can for examplewise done in that the shingle strings by Onthe longitudinal axis containing the contact connections lie one above the otheredges of the solar cells and by subsequent gluing orSolder the contact connections of the neighboring solarcells are manufactured. The contacts can beapplied by screen printing or in vacuum technologyevaporated multi-layer metal contacts act, the oneConnection bars or connection areas on one longitudinal edgeof the solar cell. Then the shinglestrings interconnected, with electrical connectionprovided conclusions and embedded in the hot melt adhesive filmstet. The one with a cover and a supportThe generator network is finally created in a vacuum networkProcess laminated to the photovoltaic solar generator. Ithas emerged from the described solar generatorsrepresents that in the area of contact connections by Temperaturwechsel forces in the generator module disadvantageously Zelfractures have occurred, especially on the backaluminum cover.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen So­largenerator der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem ein Bruch der Solarzellen nach Herstellung des Solar­generators aufgrund von Temperaturwechsel-Kräften vermieden wird.The invention is therefore based on the objectto create largenerator of the type mentioned atwhich is a break in the solar cells after the solar has been manufacturedgenerators avoided due to temperature change forcesbecomes.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß räum­lich zwischen den elektrisch leitend zu verbindenen Kontakt­anschlußbalken oder Kontaktinsel der Solarzellen Zwischenverbinder angeordnet sind.The object is achieved in that spaceLich between the electrically conductive contact to be connectedconnection bar or contact island of the solar cellsIntermediate connectors are arranged.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Zwischenverbinder werden infolge der besonderen Formgebung der elastischen Verbindungsstege die Temperaturwechselkräfte sehr gut aufgenommen, so daß Zug- oder Druckkräfte nicht in den Kristrallbereich der So­larzelle eingeleitet werden können.As a result of the intermediate connector according to the inventionthe special shape of the elastic connecting websthe temperature change forces very well absorbed, so thatTensile or compressive forces not in the crystal area of the sunlar cell can be initiated. 

Die durch die Schindeltechnik erzielbare optimale Flächen­ausnutzung im Generator infolge des Wegfalls von Zwischen­räumen zwischen den Zellen, sowie die Überdeckung von Kon­taktflächen durch aktive Zellenflächen bleibt vorteilhaf­terweise voll erhalten.The optimal areas that can be achieved with shingle technologyutilization in the generator due to the elimination of intermediateclear between the cells, as well as the coverage of Kontact areas by active cell areas remains advantageousfully preserved.

Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 7 beschrieben.Embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims2 to 7 described.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Er­findung dargestellt, und zwar zeigtIn the drawing is an embodiment according to the Ershown, namely shows

Fig. 1 einen Zwischenverbinder in Draufsicht,Fig. 1 is an intermediate connector in plan view,

Fig. 2 die Anordnung des Zwischenverbinders gemäßFig. 1 zwischen den Kontaktanschlüssen der geschindelten Solarzellen in der Seitenansicht, undFig. 2 shows the arrangement of the intermediate connector ofFIG. 1 between the contact connections of the shingled solar cells in a side view, and

Fig. 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Strings mit drei Solar­zellen in Drauf- und Seitenansicht.Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a string with three solar cells in top and side views.

InFig. 1 weist ein 0,1 mm flach ausgeführter Verbinder1 praktisch eine rechteckige Form auf, wobei an den gegenüber­liegenden Längsseiten Löt- bzw. Schweißanschlüsse4,6 an­geordnet sind. Zwischen diesen beiden Anschluß-Seiten4,6 befindet sich ein elastisch ausgebildeter Bereich8, der die elastische Verformung in Längsrichtung übernimmt. Der zwischen den Anschlüssen4,4 und6,6 in Querrichtung liegende Bereich9 kann eine elastische Verformung in Querrichtung übernehmen. Der beschriebene Zwischenverbinder ist inFig. 2 als Einzelverbinder mit hoher Redundanz zwi­schen dem Vorderseitenkontaktanschluß2 der Solarzelle11 und dem Rückseitenkontaktanschluß3 der Solarzelle10 me­chanisch und elektrisch über die Schweiß- bzw. Lötverbindun­gen5,7 verbunden.InFig. 1, a 0.1 mm flat connector1 practically has a rectangular shape, with soldering or welding connections4 ,6 being arranged on the opposite longitudinal sides. Between these two connection sides4 ,6 there is an elastically formed area8 , which takes over the elastic deformation in the longitudinal direction. The area9 lying between the connections4 ,4 and6 ,6 in the transverse direction can take on an elastic deformation in the transverse direction. The intermediate connector described is inFig. 2 as a single connector with high redundancy's between the front contact terminal2 of the solar cell11 and the rear contact terminal3 of the solar cell10 me mechanically and electrically via the welding or soldering gene5 ,7 connected.

Die Zwischenverbinder1 können vorzugsweise aus Kupfer, Molybdän, Nickel, Silber oder deren Legierungen bestehen, wobei die Materialdicke den zu verschaltenden Solarzellen anzupassen ist. Je nach Material und Anforderung können die Zwischenverbinder1 gestanzt, geätzt oder auch in Galvanoformtechnik hergestellt werden.The intermediate connectors1 can preferably consist of copper, molybdenum, nickel, silver or their alloys, the material thickness having to be adapted to the solar cells to be connected. Depending on the material and requirements, the intermediate connectors1 can be punched, etched or also produced using electroforming technology.

Die inFig. 1 dargestellten Öffnungen12 können zur Posi­tionierung der Zwischenverbinder1 bei der Herstellung des Strings13 inFig. 3 dienen.The openings12 shown inFig. 1 can serve to position the intermediate connector1 in the manufacture of the string13 inFig. 3.

Claims (7)

Translated fromGerman
1. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator, dessen Solarzellen (10,11) an den Längskanten Kontaktanschlüsse (2,3) aufweisen und in überlappender Form zu einem Schindelstring (13) zusam­mengefaßt sind, wobei mehrere Schindelstrings vorzugsweise zwischen einem Träger und einer Abdeckung in Schmelzkleber­folien eingebettet sind,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß räum­lich zwischen den elektrisch leitend zu verbindenden Kon­taktanschlußbalken oder Kontaktinseln (2,3) der Solarzellen (10,11) Zwischenverbinder (1) angeordnet sind.1. Photovoltaic solar generator, the solar cells (10 ,11 ) on the longitudinal edges have contact connections (2 ,3 ) and are combined in an overlapping form to form a shingle string (13 ), several shingle strings preferably being embedded between a support and a cover in hot-melt adhesive films arecharacterized in that spatial Lich between the electrically conductive Kon contact terminal bars or contact islands (2 ,3 ) of the solar cells (10 ,11 ) intermediate connectors (1 ) are arranged.2. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenverbinder (1) rechteckförmig ausgebildet sind und an zwei gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten ein oder mehrere Löt- bzw. Schweißkontaktanschlüsse (4,6) aufweisen.2. Photovoltaic solar generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate connectors (1 ) are rectangular and have one or more soldering or welding contact connections (4 ,6 ) on two opposite longitudinal sides.3. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach Anspruch 1 u. 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den Löt- bzw. Schweiß­kontaktanschlüssen (4,6) der Zwischenverbinder (1) mecha­nisch elastische Verbindungsstege (8,9) z. B. in Form von Ausgleichbögen angeordnet sind.3. Photovoltaic solar generator according to claim 1 u. 2, characterized in that between the soldering or welding contact connections (4 ,6 ) of the intermediate connector (1 ) mechanically elastic connecting webs (8 ,9 ) z. B. are arranged in the form of compensation sheets.4. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenverbinder (1) an die Kontaktanschlüsse (2,3) der Solarzellen (10,11) geklebt, gelötet oder geschweißt sind.4. Photovoltaic solar generator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the intermediate connector (1 ) to the contact connections (2 ,3 ) of the solar cells (10 ,11 ) are glued, soldered or welded.5. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch Zwischenverbinder (1) aus Kupfer, Molybdän, Nickel, Silber oder deren Legierungen.5. Photovoltaic solar generator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by intermediate connectors (1 ) made of copper, molybdenum, nickel, silver or their alloys.6. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch gestanzte, geätzte oder in Galvanoformtechnik hergestellte Zwischenverbinder (1).6. Photovoltaic solar generator according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by stamped, etched or manufactured in electroforming intermediate connector (1 ).7. Photovoltaischer Solargenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch einen Träger aus Glas, Ver­bundwerkstoffen, Aluminium oder Edelstahl.7. Photovoltaic solar generator according to one of the claims1 to 6, characterized by a support made of glass, Vercoil materials, aluminum or stainless steel.
DE4030713A1990-09-281990-09-28Photoelectric solar generator - has flexible intermediate connecting plate designed to prevent solar cell fracture due to temp. change stressesCeasedDE4030713A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
DE4030713ADE4030713A1 (en)1990-09-281990-09-28Photoelectric solar generator - has flexible intermediate connecting plate designed to prevent solar cell fracture due to temp. change stresses

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
DE4030713ADE4030713A1 (en)1990-09-281990-09-28Photoelectric solar generator - has flexible intermediate connecting plate designed to prevent solar cell fracture due to temp. change stresses

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DE4030713A1true DE4030713A1 (en)1992-04-02

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Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE19837862A1 (en)*1998-08-202000-03-02Solarc Innovative SolarproduktSolar module, especially portable solar module, controlling DC voltage converter in such way, that it is connected to load, if source voltage oversteps predetermined switch-on threshold value
WO2009047815A1 (en)*2007-10-122009-04-16System S.P.A.A process for connecting photovoltaic cells in series, a photovoltaic cell connectable in series using the process, and a module obtained with the process
WO2010133224A3 (en)*2009-05-182011-09-22Solarion AgArrangement and circuit, and method for interconnecting flat solar cells
WO2013020590A1 (en)*2011-08-092013-02-14Kioto Photovoltaics GmbhRectangular solar cell and associated solar cell arrangement
US9281436B2 (en)2012-12-282016-03-08Solarcity CorporationRadio-frequency sputtering system with rotary target for fabricating solar cells
US9356184B2 (en)2014-05-272016-05-31Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US9412884B2 (en)2013-01-112016-08-09Solarcity CorporationModule fabrication of solar cells with low resistivity electrodes
EP1775778B2 (en)2005-10-112016-09-28SolAero Technologies Corp.Reliable interconnection of solar cells including integral bypass diode
US9461189B2 (en)2012-10-042016-10-04Solarcity CorporationPhotovoltaic devices with electroplated metal grids
US9496429B1 (en)2015-12-302016-11-15Solarcity CorporationSystem and method for tin plating metal electrodes
US9496427B2 (en)2013-01-112016-11-15Solarcity CorporationModule fabrication of solar cells with low resistivity electrodes
US9590132B2 (en)2014-12-052017-03-07Solarcity CorporationSystems and methods for cascading photovoltaic structures
US9624595B2 (en)2013-05-242017-04-18Solarcity CorporationElectroplating apparatus with improved throughput
US9685579B2 (en)2014-12-052017-06-20Solarcity CorporationPhotovoltaic structure cleaving system
US9761744B2 (en)2015-10-222017-09-12Tesla, Inc.System and method for manufacturing photovoltaic structures with a metal seed layer
US9773928B2 (en)2010-09-102017-09-26Tesla, Inc.Solar cell with electroplated metal grid
US9793421B2 (en)2014-12-052017-10-17Solarcity CorporationSystems, methods and apparatus for precision automation of manufacturing solar panels
US9800053B2 (en)2010-10-082017-10-24Tesla, Inc.Solar panels with integrated cell-level MPPT devices
US9842956B2 (en)2015-12-212017-12-12Tesla, Inc.System and method for mass-production of high-efficiency photovoltaic structures
US9865754B2 (en)2012-10-102018-01-09Tesla, Inc.Hole collectors for silicon photovoltaic cells
US9887306B2 (en)2011-06-022018-02-06Tesla, Inc.Tunneling-junction solar cell with copper grid for concentrated photovoltaic application
US9947820B2 (en)2014-05-272018-04-17Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell panel employing hidden taps
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US9991412B2 (en)2014-12-052018-06-05Solarcity CorporationSystems for precision application of conductive adhesive paste on photovoltaic structures
CN108258076A (en)*2018-02-122018-07-06无锡嘉瑞光伏有限公司A kind of solar cell module using shape welding band
CN108365040A (en)*2018-02-122018-08-03无锡嘉瑞光伏有限公司A kind of welding for laminated type solar battery sheet component
US10043937B2 (en)2014-12-052018-08-07Solarcity CorporationSystems and method for precision automated placement of backsheet on PV modules
US10056522B2 (en)2014-12-052018-08-21Solarcity CorporationSystem and apparatus for precision automation of tab attachment for fabrications of solar panels
US10074755B2 (en)2013-01-112018-09-11Tesla, Inc.High efficiency solar panel
US10084099B2 (en)2009-11-122018-09-25Tesla, Inc.Aluminum grid as backside conductor on epitaxial silicon thin film solar cells
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US10090430B2 (en)2014-05-272018-10-02Sunpower CorporationSystem for manufacturing a shingled solar cell module
US10115838B2 (en)2016-04-192018-10-30Tesla, Inc.Photovoltaic structures with interlocking busbars
US10236406B2 (en)2014-12-052019-03-19Solarcity CorporationSystems and methods for targeted annealing of photovoltaic structures
US10309012B2 (en)2014-07-032019-06-04Tesla, Inc.Wafer carrier for reducing contamination from carbon particles and outgassing
US10672919B2 (en)2017-09-192020-06-02Tesla, Inc.Moisture-resistant solar cells for solar roof tiles
US10673379B2 (en)2016-06-082020-06-02Sunpower CorporationSystems and methods for reworking shingled solar cell modules
US10861999B2 (en)2015-04-212020-12-08Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module comprising hidden tap interconnects
US11190128B2 (en)2018-02-272021-11-30Tesla, Inc.Parallel-connected solar roof tile modules
US11482639B2 (en)2014-05-272022-10-25Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
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Cited By (63)

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Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
DE19837862C2 (en)*1998-08-202002-11-14Solarc Innovative Solarprodukt solar module
DE19837862A1 (en)*1998-08-202000-03-02Solarc Innovative SolarproduktSolar module, especially portable solar module, controlling DC voltage converter in such way, that it is connected to load, if source voltage oversteps predetermined switch-on threshold value
EP1775778B2 (en)2005-10-112016-09-28SolAero Technologies Corp.Reliable interconnection of solar cells including integral bypass diode
WO2009047815A1 (en)*2007-10-122009-04-16System S.P.A.A process for connecting photovoltaic cells in series, a photovoltaic cell connectable in series using the process, and a module obtained with the process
WO2010133224A3 (en)*2009-05-182011-09-22Solarion AgArrangement and circuit, and method for interconnecting flat solar cells
US10084099B2 (en)2009-11-122018-09-25Tesla, Inc.Aluminum grid as backside conductor on epitaxial silicon thin film solar cells
US10084107B2 (en)2010-06-092018-09-25Tesla, Inc.Transparent conducting oxide for photovoltaic devices
US9773928B2 (en)2010-09-102017-09-26Tesla, Inc.Solar cell with electroplated metal grid
US9800053B2 (en)2010-10-082017-10-24Tesla, Inc.Solar panels with integrated cell-level MPPT devices
US9887306B2 (en)2011-06-022018-02-06Tesla, Inc.Tunneling-junction solar cell with copper grid for concentrated photovoltaic application
WO2013020590A1 (en)*2011-08-092013-02-14Kioto Photovoltaics GmbhRectangular solar cell and associated solar cell arrangement
US9461189B2 (en)2012-10-042016-10-04Solarcity CorporationPhotovoltaic devices with electroplated metal grids
US9502590B2 (en)2012-10-042016-11-22Solarcity CorporationPhotovoltaic devices with electroplated metal grids
US9865754B2 (en)2012-10-102018-01-09Tesla, Inc.Hole collectors for silicon photovoltaic cells
US11595000B2 (en)2012-11-082023-02-28Maxeon Solar Pte. Ltd.High efficiency configuration for solar cell string
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US9496427B2 (en)2013-01-112016-11-15Solarcity CorporationModule fabrication of solar cells with low resistivity electrodes
US10115839B2 (en)2013-01-112018-10-30Tesla, Inc.Module fabrication of solar cells with low resistivity electrodes
US9412884B2 (en)2013-01-112016-08-09Solarcity CorporationModule fabrication of solar cells with low resistivity electrodes
US10074755B2 (en)2013-01-112018-09-11Tesla, Inc.High efficiency solar panel
US9624595B2 (en)2013-05-242017-04-18Solarcity CorporationElectroplating apparatus with improved throughput
US9484484B2 (en)2014-05-272016-11-01Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US9397252B2 (en)2014-05-272016-07-19Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US11038072B2 (en)2014-05-272021-06-15Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US9356184B2 (en)2014-05-272016-05-31Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
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US9882077B2 (en)2014-05-272018-01-30Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US9780253B2 (en)2014-05-272017-10-03Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US11482639B2 (en)2014-05-272022-10-25Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US9947820B2 (en)2014-05-272018-04-17Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell panel employing hidden taps
US10090430B2 (en)2014-05-272018-10-02Sunpower CorporationSystem for manufacturing a shingled solar cell module
US11949026B2 (en)2014-05-272024-04-02Maxeon Solar Pte. Ltd.Shingled solar cell module
US11942561B2 (en)2014-05-272024-03-26Maxeon Solar Pte. Ltd.Shingled solar cell module
US9401451B2 (en)2014-05-272016-07-26Sunpower CorporationShingled solar cell module
US10309012B2 (en)2014-07-032019-06-04Tesla, Inc.Wafer carrier for reducing contamination from carbon particles and outgassing
US10043937B2 (en)2014-12-052018-08-07Solarcity CorporationSystems and method for precision automated placement of backsheet on PV modules
US10230017B2 (en)2014-12-052019-03-12Solarcity CorporationSystems and methods for cascading photovoltaic structures
US10056522B2 (en)2014-12-052018-08-21Solarcity CorporationSystem and apparatus for precision automation of tab attachment for fabrications of solar panels
US9590132B2 (en)2014-12-052017-03-07Solarcity CorporationSystems and methods for cascading photovoltaic structures
US9793421B2 (en)2014-12-052017-10-17Solarcity CorporationSystems, methods and apparatus for precision automation of manufacturing solar panels
US9991412B2 (en)2014-12-052018-06-05Solarcity CorporationSystems for precision application of conductive adhesive paste on photovoltaic structures
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