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DE3824913A1 - Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currents - Google Patents

Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currents

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Publication number
DE3824913A1
DE3824913A1DE19883824913DE3824913ADE3824913A1DE 3824913 A1DE3824913 A1DE 3824913A1DE 19883824913DE19883824913DE 19883824913DE 3824913 ADE3824913 ADE 3824913ADE 3824913 A1DE3824913 A1DE 3824913A1
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frequency
voltage
operating table
current
level
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German (de)
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Thomas Hill
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Hill Thomas 5090 Leverkusen De
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Abstract

A device for monitoring high-frequency electric leakage currents is described, which flow during high-frequency surgery from a body into an operating table which is connected to a protective circuit (protective-conductor system) and/or an equipotential bonding conductor system. Via two measuring circuits which are connected to two different points on the protective circuit and/or the equipotential bonding conductor system, a voltage drop caused by a leakage current on the basis of the impedance of the protective conductor or the equipotential bonding conductor is detected and converted using a voltage transformer into a signal which is proportional to said voltage and is fed to a voltage comparator in which it is compared with a reference signal determined by calibration taking account of a maximum permissible limiting value level for the leakage current. It is possible with the aid of such a device for monitoring leakage currents to establish precisely the level of the leakage current independently of the electrical installation of the operating table.

Description

Translated fromGerman

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Überwachung von hochfrequenten elektrischen Leckströmen, die während einer Hochfrequenzchirurgie von einem Körper in einen Operations­tisch fließen.The invention relates to a device for monitoringhigh-frequency electrical leakage currents that occur during aHigh frequency surgery from a body to an operationflow table.

Die Hochfrequenzchirurgie wird zum Schneiden und/oder Koagulieren biologischer Gewebe mittels hochfrequenter elektrischer Wechselströme, im folgenden kurz HF-Ströme genannt, angewendet. Die Frequenz dieser HF-Ströme muß entsprechend DIN-IEC 601 Teil 2-2 mindestens 300 kHz be­tragen, weil tiefere Frequenzen Nerven und Muskeln reizen können. Der HF-Strom wird in Hochfrequenzgeneratoren ge­neriert, deren Ausgangsleistung maximal 400 Watt betragen darf.High frequency surgery is used for cutting and / orCoagulate biological tissues using high frequencyelectrical alternating currents, in the following HF currentscalled, applied. The frequency of these HF currents mustaccording to DIN-IEC 601 part 2-2 at least 300 kHzwear because lower frequencies irritate nerves and musclescan. The RF current is ge in high frequency generatorsneriert, whose output power is a maximum of 400 wattsmay.

Zum Schneiden und/oder Koagulieren wird HF-Strom durch hier­für geeignete Schneide- und/oder Koagulationselektroden in das zu schneidende und/oder zu koagulierende biologische Gewebe des Patienten geleitet und über eine sogenannte neu­trale Elektrode vom Patienten zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurückgeleitet. Die Leitung des HF-Stromes vom Hochfrequenz­generator zur Schneide- oder Koagulationselektrode hin und von der neutralen Elektrode zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurück erfolgt durch Kabel, deren Länge in der Regel zwei bis fünf Meter beträgt. Um zu verhindern, daß der Patient während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie hochfrequente elektrische Spannung gegen Erdpotential führt, wird die neutrale Elektrode inner­halb des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes entweder direkt oder durch einen Kondensator, dessen Kapazität so groß gewählt wird, daß dessen kapazitiver Widerstand bei der Nennfrequenz des Hoch­frequenzgenerators vernachlässigbar klein ist, auf Erdpotential geschaltet.For cutting and / or coagulating, HF current is passed through herefor suitable cutting and / or coagulation electrodes inthe biological to be cut and / or coagulatedThe patient's tissue is guided and passed through a so-called newcentral electrode from the patient to the high-frequency generatorreturned. The conduction of the HF current from the radio frequencygenerator towards the cutting or coagulation electrodeand from the neutral electrode to the high frequency generatorback is done by cable, the length of which is usually two tois five meters. To prevent the patient fromhigh-frequency surgery high-frequency electrical voltageleads to earth potential, the neutral electrode becomes internalhalf of the high-frequency surgical device either directly orby a capacitor, the capacity of which is chosen to be so large,that its capacitive resistance at the nominal frequency of the highfrequency generator is negligibly small, to earth potentialswitched. 

Aus dieser Schaltungstechnik resultiert jedoch für den Patienten eine Gefahr. Da Operationstische, und dies gilt auch für andere Steh-, Sitz- oder Liegeeinrich­tungen, auf welchen Patienten operiert werden, in der Regel aus Metall be­stehen und mit Erdpotential elektrisch leitfähig verbunden sind, kann HF-Strom statt durch die neutrale Elektrode auch durch den Operationstisch hindurch zum Hochfrequenzgenerator zurück fließen, wenn der Patient elektrisch leitfähige Teile des Operationstisches direkt oder indirekt durch andere elektrisch leit­fähige Gegenstände, wie beispielsweise durch nasse Tücher, berührt. Hierdurch kann es am Patienten zu unbeabsichtigten thermischen Gewebeschädigungen kom­men, wenn die HF-Stromdichte und die HF-Stromflußdauer zu groß sind. Dieser unbeabsichtigt durch den Operationstisch zum HF-Generator zurückfließende HF-Strom wird im folgenden HF-Fehlerstrom genannt.However, this circuit technology poses a risk to the patient.As operating tables, and this also applies to other standing, sitting or lying equipmentwhich patients are operated on, usually made of metalstand and are electrically conductively connected to earth potential, can HF currentinstead of through the neutral electrode and through the operating tableHigh frequency generator will flow back when the patient is electrically conductiveParts of the operating table directly or indirectly by other electrically conductivecapable objects such as wet cloths. Herebyunintended thermal tissue damage can occur on the patientmen if the HF current density and the HF current flow duration are too large. Thisunintentionally flowing back through the operating table to the HF generatorHF current is called HF fault current in the following.

Aus DE 36 10 393 A1 ist ein Verfahren und Auswerte­teil zum Feststellen von hochfrequenten Fehlerströmen bekannt, mittels welchem der oben beschriebene Fehlerstrom festgestellt und beim Überschreiten eines Grund­wertes ein Fehlerstrom-Signal abgegeben wird. Der Fehlerstrom wird hierbei mit­tels eines Auswerteteiles, welches über einen Wandler an einem erhöhten HF-Widerstand oder an einer isolierenden Unterbrechung am Fuß des Operationstisches angeschlossen ist, festgestellt. Dieses Verfahren ist in der Praxis kaum realisier­bar, weil die Einbringung einer ausreichenden Teilisolierung oder gar vollständigen Isolierung in den Fuß des Operationstisches zu aufwendig ist und die Funktion des Fußes beeinflußt.DE 36 10 393 A1 describes a method and evaluationknown part for the detection of high-frequency fault currents, by means of whichthe fault current described above is determined and when a reason is exceededa fault current signal is given. The fault current is includedmeans of an evaluation part, which is connected to an elevated HFResistance or an isolating break at the base of the operating tableconnected. This method is hardly feasible in practicebar, because the introduction of sufficient partial insulation or even completeIsolation in the foot of the operating table is too complex and the function of theFoot affected.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Einrichtung zur Über­wachung und Anzeige des HF-Fehlerstromes, der durch den Operationstisch fließt, derart zu verbessern, daß eine genauere Feststellung des Pegels des Leckstromes möglichst unabhängig von der elektrischen Installation des Operationstisches möglich ist.It is an object of the invention to provide a device formonitoring and display of the HF fault current caused by theOperating table flows to improve such that amore precise determination of the level of the leakage currentas independent of the electrical installation of theOperating table is possible. 

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß der Operationstisch in der Regel zwar elektrisch leitfähig geerdet ist, daß die Erdung jedoch mittels mehr oder weniger langer Leitungen erfolgt, bei deren Dimensionierung und Installation die HF-Fehlerströme der Hoch­frequenzchirurgie nicht berücksichtigt werden. Diese Leitungen haben sowohl einen reellen als insbesondere auch einen induktiven elektrischen Widerstand, längs welchem der HF-Fehlerstrom eine dem HF-Fehlerstrom und dem komplexen elektrischen Widerstand dieser Leitung proportionale elektrische Spannung verur­sacht, welche der Operationstisch gegen Erdpotential führt. Da der komplexe elektrische Widerstand zumindest während jeder Operation ausreichend konstant ist, besteht zwischen der elektrischen Spannung, die der Operationstisch gegen Erdpotential führt und dem HF-Fehlerstrom eine ausreichende Proportionalität, so daß die Überwachung dieser Spannung einen Rückschluß auf die Intensität des HF-Fehlerstromes durch den Operationstisch zuläßt.The inventive solution to this problem is based on the knowledge thatthe operating table is usually grounded electrically conductive that theHowever, grounding is carried out by means of more or less long cablesSizing and installation of the HF fault currents of the highfrequency surgery is not taken into account. These lines have bothreal as well as in particular inductive electrical resistance,along which the HF fault current is one of the HF fault current and the complexelectrical resistance of this line causes proportional electrical voltagegently, which the operating table leads against earth potential. Because the complexelectrical resistance sufficiently constant at least during each operationis between the electrical voltage that the operating table opposesGround potential and the HF fault current has a sufficient proportionality,so that the monitoring of this voltage draws a conclusion on the intensity of theHF fault current through the operating table.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung besteht aus einer Überwachungsschaltung, welche die elektrische Spannung, die ein Operationstisch infolge des durch seine Erdungs­leitung fließenden HF-Fehlerstromes und deren komplexen elektrischen Widerstan­des gegen Erdpotential annimmt, überwacht, sowie aus Anzeige-, Warn- und/oder Schalteinrichtungen, welche bei Erreichen bestimmter Grenzwertpegel des HF-Fehlerstromes aktiviert werden.The device according to the invention consists of a monitoring circuit, whichthe electrical voltage generated by an operating table due to its groundingline flowing HF fault current and its complex electrical resistancewhich accepts against earth potential, monitors, as well as from display, warning and / orSwitching devices which, when certain limit levels of the HFFault current can be activated.

Das sowohl die Frequenz als auch die Kurvenform von HF-Fehlerströmen von HF-Generator zu HF-Generator verschieden sein können, ist es zweckmäßig, in diesem Zusammenhang den Effektivwert des HF-Fehlerstromes sowie den Effektivwert der hieraus resultierenden elektrischen Spannung zwischen Operationstisch und Erdpo­tential zu verwenden. Dies ist auch insofern zweckmäßig, als die thermische Wirkung elektrischen Stromes von dessen Effektivwert abhängig ist.That both the frequency and the waveform of HF fault currents from HFGenerator can be different from RF generator, it is useful in thisRelationship between the RMS value of the HF fault current and the RMS value of theresulting electrical voltage between the operating table and the ground floorpotential to use. This is also useful in that the thermalEffect of electric current depends on its effective value. 

Da der komplexe elektrische Widerstand der Erdungsleitung von Operationstisch zu Operationstisch verschieden sein kann und außerdem auch von der Grundfre­quenz und deren Oberschwingungen des jeweils verwendeten HF-Generators abhän­gig ist, muß die Überwachungsschaltung dem jeweils verwendeten Operationstisch und HF-Generator angepaßt sein bzw. justierbar sein. Dies kann beispielsweise in der Weise geschehen, daß ein definierter HF-Strom, z. B. 150 mAeff, aus dem je­weils für eine Operation vorgesehenen HF-Generator in den jeweils vorgesehenen Operationstisch eingeleitet wird und der hierbei zwischen Operationstisch und Erdpotential entstehende Effektivwert der elektrischen Spannung in eine Spannungs-Überwachungsschaltung als Grenzwertpegel übernommen wird.Since the complex electrical resistance of the ground line from the operating table to the operating table can be different and also depends on the frequency and the harmonics of the RF generator used, the monitoring circuit must be adapted to the operating table and RF generator used or adjustable be. This can be done, for example, in such a way that a defined RF current, e.g. B. 150 mAeff , from which the HF generator provided for an operation is introduced into the respectively provided operating table and the effective value of the electrical voltage which arises between the operating table and earth potential is adopted as a limit value level in a voltage monitoring circuit.

Hierbei ist es jedoch nicht erforderlich, die elektrische Spannung bzw. den Effek­tivwert der elektrischen Spannung des Operationstisches direkt und absolut gegen Erdpotential zu messen. Statt gegen absolutes Erdpotential kann auch gegen rela­tives Erdpotential gemessen werden, wie beispielsweise gegen Schutzleiter- oder gegen Potentialausgleichanschlüsse im jeweiligen Operationsraum.However, it is not necessary to use the electrical voltage or the effecttivwert of the electrical voltage of the operating table directly and absolutely againstEarth potential to measure. Instead of against absolute earth potential, relative earth potential are measured, such as against protective earth oragainst equipotential bonding connections in the respective operating room.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung besteht darin, daß mehrere verschiedene Grenzwertpegel definiert und jeweils wie oben beschrieben in die Überwachungsschaltung übernommen werden, bei deren Überschreiten nach­einander ein optisches Signal, ein akustisches Signal und die Abschaltung des HF-Generators ausgelöst werden. So kann beispielsweise das optische Signal aktiviert werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 50 mAeff erreicht, das akustische Signal akti­viert werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 100 mAeff überschreitet und der HF-Gene­rator abgeschaltet werden, wenn der HF-Fehlerstrom 150 mAeff überschreitet.A further embodiment of the device according to the invention consists in the fact that several different limit values are defined and each are adopted in the monitoring circuit as described above, when they are exceeded an optical signal, an acoustic signal and the shutdown of the HF generator are triggered. For example, the optical signal can be activated when the HF fault current reaches 50 mAeff , the acoustic signal can be activated when the HF fault current exceeds 100 mAeff and the HF generator can be switched off when the HF fault current 150 mAeff exceeds.

Da die thermische Gefährdung biologischer Gewebe auch mit der Stromflußdauer zunimmt, können die Grenzwertpegel zusätzlich mit maximalen Stromflußdauern verknüpft werden, so daß das optische und/oder das akustische Signal und/oder das Abschalten des HF-Generators erst dann erfolgt, wenn die Überschreitung des jeweiligen Grenzwertpegels länger andauert als ohne Schaden für den Pa­tienten zulässig, z. B. länger als 10 Sekunden.Because the thermal hazard to biological tissues also depends on the duration of the current flowincreases, the limit levels can additionally with maximum current flow timesare linked so that the optical and / or acoustic signal and / or the HF generator is only switched off when it is exceededof the respective limit level lasts longer than without damage to the papatients allowed, e.g. B. longer than 10 seconds.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung kann sowohl unabhängig vom HF-Generator als ein eigenständiges Gerät als vorzugsweise auch als integraler Bestandteil von HF-Generatoren bzw. HF-Chirurgiegeräten oder von Operationstischen sein.The device according to the invention can be used independently of the HF generatoran independent device, preferably also as an integral part of HFGenerators or HF surgical devices or from operating tables.

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zur Überwachung hochfrequenter elektrischer Fehlerströme während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie wird anhand der schematisch dargestellten Zeichnungen detaillierter beschrieben. Es zeigtThe inventive device for monitoring high-frequency electricalResidual currents during high frequency surgery is shown schematically using theillustrated drawings described in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 den Weg des HF-Fehlerstromes vom Patienten bis zum Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät,Fig. 1 shows the path of the RF-fault current from the patient to the high frequency surgical apparatus,

Fig. 2 die Installation der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung im Operationsraum,Fig. 2 shows the installation of the device according to the invention in the operating room,

Fig. 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung.Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

InFig. 1 ist der Weg des HF-Fehlerstromes schematisch dargestellt. Entsprechend VDE 0107 bzw. DIN 57 107 müssen Operationstische mittels Potentialausgleichleitungen an den Potentialausgleich und/oder Schutzleiter an das Schutzleitersystem des Operations­raumes angeschlossen sein. Alle Potentialausgleichleitungen müssen auf eine gemeinsame PotentialausgleichschienePAS ge­führt werden. Die PotentialausgleichschienePAS ist mittels einer Brücke17 elektrisch leitfähig mit einer SchutzleiterschieneSLS ver­bunden. Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegeräte müssen entsprechend VDE 0750 Teil 202 bzw. DIN/IEC 601 Teil 2-2 in Schutzklasse I ausgeführt sein, d. h., deren berührbare elektrisch leitfähigen Teile müssen mit dem SchutzleiterSL elektrisch leitfähig verbunden sein. Außerdem muß das Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät bei Anwendung in der Herzchirurgie an einer PotentialausgleichklammePAK angeschlossen sein. Auf diese Weise ist zwischen Operationstisch1 und Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät11 eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung vorhanden.The path of the HF fault current is shown schematically inFIG. 1. According to VDE 0107 and DIN 57 107, operating tables must be connected to the potential equalization by means of equipotential bonding conductors and / or protective conductors to the protective conductor system of the operating room. All equipotential bonding lines must be routed to a commonPAS equipotential bondingrail . The equipotential bonding railPAS is electrically conductively connected to a protective conductor railSLS by means of a bridge17 . High-frequency surgical devices must be designed in accordance with VDE 0750 Part 202 or DIN / IEC 601 Part 2-2 in protection class I, ie their touchable, electrically conductive parts must be connected to the protective conductorSL in an electrically conductive manner. In addition, the high-frequency surgical device must be connected to a potential equalizationclamp PAK when used in cardiac surgery. In this way, an electrically conductive connection is present between the operating table1 and the high-frequency surgical device11 .

Hat der Patient15 während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie elektrisch leitfähigen Kontakt zum Operationstisch1, so kann ein mehr oder weniger großer Tei des von der aktiven ElektrodeAE in den Patienten15 hineinfließenden HF-StromesIHF als HF-FehlerstromIF durch den Operationstisch1, die Potentialausgleich­leitungPAL1, die PotentialausgleichschienePAS und/oder die Schutzleiter­schieneSLS sowie den SchutzleiterSL1 und das Netzkabel18 und/oder den PotentialausgleichleiterPAL3 und das Potentialausgleichkabel19 zum Hochfre­quenz-Chirurgiegerät11 zurückfließen.If the patient15 has electrically conductive contact with the operating table1 during high-frequency surgery, a more or less large part of the HF currentIHF flowing from the active electrodeAE into the patient15 can be transmitted as an HF fault currentIF through the operating table1 Equipotential bonding linePAL1 , the equipotential bonding railPAS and / or the protective conductor railSLS and the protective conductorSL1 and the power cable18 and / or the equipotential bonding conductorPAL3 and the equipotential bonding cable19 flow back to the high-frequency surgical device11 .

Zur Erläuterung des Weges des HF-FehlerstromesIHF innerhalb des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes11 sind die relevanten Details des HF-Ausgangskreises inFig. 1 ebenfalls dargestellt. Um zu verhindern, daß die neutrale ElektrodeNE und damit auch der Patient15 während der Hochfrequenzchirurgie hochfrequente elektrische Spannung gegen Erdpotential führt, ist der Anschluß14 für die neutrale ElektrodeNE innerhalb des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes mittels einer Verbindung6 auf Erdpotential bezogen. Über diese Verbindung6 kann der hochfrequente Leck­stromIF in die Sekundärwicklung13 des Ausgangstransformators12 des Hochfre­quenz-Chirurgiegerätes11 fließen.To explain the path of the HF fault currentIHF within the high-frequency surgical device11 , the relevant details of the HF output circuit are also shown inFIG. 1. In order to prevent the neutral electrodeNE and thus also the patient15 from carrying high-frequency electrical voltage against earth potential during high-frequency surgery, the connection14 for the neutral electrodeNE within the high-frequency surgical device is related to earth potential by means of a connection6 . Via this connection6 , the high-frequency leakage currentIF can flow into the secondary winding13 of the output transformer12 of the high-frequency surgical device11 .

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch dargestellt die Installation der erfindungsgemäßen Ein­richtung20 zur Überwachung hochfrequenter elektrischer FehlerströmeIF im Operationsraum. Die Einrichtung20 kann sowohl als separates Gerät wie auch als Bestandteil des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes11 ausgeführt sein. Erfindungsrele­vant ist der Anschluß der Einrichtung20 an zwei Meßpunkten, zwischen denen infolge des HF-FehlerstromesIF eine reproduzierbar meßbare HF-Spannung entsteht. Derartige HF-Spannungen entstehen längs aller SchutzleitungenSL und Potential­ausgleichleitungenPAL, durch welche HF-FehlerstromIF fließt. So kann inbeson­dere eine entsprechende HF-Spannung zwischen Operationstisch1 und dem Schutz­leiteranschlußSL einer NetzsteckdoseNSD, z. B. NSD1 oderNSD2, oder zwischen Operationstisch1 und einer PotentialausgleichklemmePAK, z. B.PAK1 oderPAK2, abgegriffen werden, was z. B. mittels eines Meßkabels10 und dem Schutzleiterkon­takt5 des Netzkabels16 der Einrichtung20 erfolgen kann.Fig. 2 shows schematically the installation of a device20 according to the invention for monitoring high-frequency electrical fault currentsIF in the operating room. The device20 can be designed both as a separate device and as a component of the high-frequency surgical device11 . Invention rele vant is the connection of the device20 at two measuring points, between which, as a result of the HF fault currentIF, a reproducibly measurable HF voltage is produced. Such HF voltages arise along all protective linesSL and equipotential bonding linesPAL , through which HF fault currentIF flows. So in particular a corresponding RF voltage between the operating table1 and the protective conductor connectionSL of a power outletNSD, z. B. NSD1 orNSD2 , or between the operating table1 and a potential equalizationterminal PAK, z. B.PAK1 orPAK2 , which z. B. by means of a measuring cable10 and the protective conductor clock5 of the power cord16 of the device20 can be done.

Ist die Einrichtung20 ein Bestandteil des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes11, so kann eine entsprechende HF-Spannung zwischen Operationstisch1 einerseits und einer NetzsteckdoseNSD, z. B.NSD1 oderNSD2, oder einer Potentialaus­gleichklemmePAK, z. B.PAK1 oderPAK2, andererseits, mittels einer Meßleitung10 und dem Netzkabel18 oder der Potentialausgleichleitung19 des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes11 erfolgen.If the device20 is a component of the high-frequency surgical device11 , a corresponding HF voltage between the operating table1 on the one hand and a mains socketNSD , for. B.NSD1 orNSD2 , or a potential equalization terminalPAK , z. B.PAK1 orPAK2 , on the other hand, by means of a measuring line10 and the power cord18 or the equipotential bonding line19 of the high-frequency surgical device11 .

InFig. 3 ist schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Ein­richtung20 dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einem Spannungswandler2, welcher die zwischen zwei Meßpunkten, z. B. Operationstisch1 und einer PotentialausgleichklemmePAK oder einem SchutzleiterkontaktSLK, vom HF-FehlerstromIF verursachte HF-SpannungUHF, vorzugsweise dem Effektivwert dieser HF-Spannung, in ein dieser HF-Spannung proportionales elektrisches Signala =f(UHF) wandelt, einem Grenzwertgeber3, welcher ein einstellbares elektrisches Signalb liefert, einem Spannungskomparator4, welchera mitb vergleicht und ein elektrisches Signalc liefert, wenna größer wird alsb. Das elektrische Signalc steuert ein optisches Signal7, ein akustisches Signal8 und/oder über eine Steuerleitung9 das Hoch­frequenz-Chirurgiegerät11.InFig. 3 an embodiment of an inventive device20 is shown schematically. It consists of a voltage converter2 , which between two measuring points, for. B. operating table1 and a potential equalizationterminal PAK or a protective conductorcontact SLK , HF voltageUHF caused by the HF fault currentIF , preferably the effective value of this HF voltage, into an electrical signal proportional to this HF voltagea =f (UHF ) converts, a limit transmitter3 , which supplies an adjustable electrical signalb , a voltage comparator4 , which comparesa withb and supplies an electrical signalc , ifa is greater thanb . The electrical signalc controls an optical signal7 , an acoustic signal8 and / or via a control line9 the high-frequency surgical device11 .

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann die Einrichtung20 mit einer Anzeigeeinrich­tung21, welche den Pegel vona anzeigt und einer Anzeigeeinrichtung22, welche den Pegel vonb anzeigt, ausgestattet sein.In a further embodiment, the device20 can be equipped with a display device21 which displays the level ofa and a display device22 which displays the level ofb .

Da sowohl der HF-FehlerstromIF als auch die von ihm verursachte HF-SpannungUHF auf den Schutzleitern und Potentialausgleichleitern von verschiedenen Para­metern abhängig ist, muß die Einrichtung20 justierbar sein. Die Justierung erfolgt in der Weise, daß aus dem jeweils verwendeten Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät ein definierter HF-StromIHF mittels eines HF-Strom-Meßgerätes23 direkt in den Ope­rationstisch1 eingespeist wird. Hierzu wird das HF-Strom-Meßgerät23 in die HF-Leitung24 zur aktiven ElektrodeAE eingeschaltet und der Pegel des HF-Stromes am Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerät11 auf den Wert eingestellt, der als maximaler Grenzwertpegel für den HF-LeckstromIF zugelassen werden soll. Das HF-Strom-Meßgerät sollte vorzugsweise den Effektivwert des HF-Stromes anzeigen. Dieser HF-StromIHF ergibt, je nachdem an welchen zwei Meßpunkten die vom HF-Strom verursachte HF-SpannungUHF abgegriffen wird, ein entsprechendes elek­trisches Signala am Ausgang des Spannungswandlers2. Nun wird das elektrische Signalb des Grenzwertgebers3 so eingestellt, daß am Ausgang des Spannungskom­parators4 gerade ein elektrisches SignalC entsteht.Since both the HF fault currentIF and the HF voltageUHF caused by it on the protective conductors and equipotential bonding conductors are dependent on different parameters, the device20 must be adjustable. The adjustment is carried out in such a way that a defined HF currentIHF is fed directly into the operating table1 from the high-frequency surgical device used by means of an HF current measuring device23 . For this purpose, the HF current measuring device23 is switched into the HF line24 to the active electrodeAE and the level of the HF current at the high-frequency surgical device11 is set to the value that is permitted as the maximum limit value for the HF leakage currentIF should. The HF current measuring device should preferably display the effective value of the HF current. This HF currentIHF results, depending on which two measuring points the HF voltageUHF caused by the HF current is tapped, a corresponding electrical signala at the output of the voltage converter2 . Now the electrical signalb of the limit transmitter3 is set so that an electrical signalC is just being produced at the output of the voltage comparator4 .

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Einrichtung20 mit mehreren Grenzwertgebern und entsprechend vielen Spannungskomparatoren ausgestattet werden, so daß das optische Signal7, das akustische Signal8 und/oder ein Abschalten des Hochfrequenzgenerators des Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegerätes11 über eine Steuer­leitung9 bei unterschiedlichen Pegeln des HF-Fehlerstromes erfolgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the device20 can be equipped with several limit switches and a corresponding number of voltage comparators, so that the optical signal7 , the acoustic signal8 and / or a shutdown of the high-frequency generator of the high-frequency surgical device11 via a control line9 at different levels of the HF fault current.

Claims (7)

Translated fromGerman
1. Einrichtung zur Überwachung von hochfrequenten elektri­schen Leckströmen, die während einer Hochfrequenz­chirurgie von einem Körper in einen Operationstisch fließen, der mit einem Schutzleitersystem und/oder einem Potentialausgleichsleitersystem in Verbindung steht,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein aufgrund der Impedanz der Schutzleiter(SL) oder Potentialausgleichs­leiter(PAL) durch einen Leckstrom(IF) verursachter Spannungsabfall über zwei an zwei unterschiedlichen Stellen an dem Schutzleitersystem und/oder dem Potentialausgleichsleitersystem angeschlossene Meß­leitungen (10, 16; 18) erfaßt wird und mit einem Spannungs­wandler (2) in ein dieser Spannung proportionales Signal(a) umgewandelt wird, welches einem Spannungskomparator (4) zugeführt wird, in dem es mit einem durch Eichung unter Berücksichtigung eines maximal zulässigen Grenzwertpegels für den Leckstrom(IF) ermittelten Bezugssignal(b) verglichen wird.1. Device for monitoring high-frequency electrical leakage currents flowing during a high-frequency surgery from a body into an operating table, which is connected to a protective conductor system and / or a potential equalization conductor system,characterized in that a due to the impedance of the protective conductor(SL) or equipotential bonding conductor(PAL) voltage drop caused by a leakage current(IF ) over two measuring lines (10, 16; 18 ) connected to the protective conductor system and / or the equipotential bonding conductor system at two different points and detected with a voltage converter (2 ) in a signal(a) proportional to this voltage is converted, which is fed to a voltage comparator (4 ) in which it is compared with a reference signal(b) determined by calibration taking into account a maximum permissible limit value level for the leakage current(IF ).2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Grenzwertgeber (3) vorgesehen ist, an dem das Be­zugssignal(b) derart einstellbar ist, daß dessen Pegel gleich dem Pegel des Signals(a) ist, wenn ein dem maximalen Grenzwert des Leckstroms(IF) entsprechender definierter Hochfrequenzstrom in den Operationstisch (1) eingespeist wird.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a limit transmitter (3 ) is provided on which the reference signal Be(B) is adjustable such that its level is equal to the level of the signal(a) when a the maximum limit of Leakage current(IF ) corresponding defined high-frequency current is fed into the operating table (1 ).3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Hochfrequenzstrom (23) angeschlossen wird, mit dem der in den Operationstisch eingespeiste Hochfrequenzstrom gemessen wird.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a high-frequency current (23 ) is connected, with which the high-frequency current fed into the operating table is measured.4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Meßgerät (23) den Effektivwert des eingespeisten Hochfrequenzstroms anzeigt.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the measuring device (23 ) indicates the effective value of the supplied high-frequency current.5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spannungswandler (2) und die dahinter angeschlossenen Elemente (3, 4, 7, 8) als Einheit (20) in dem Hochfrequenz­chirurgiegerät (11) angeordnet sind, und daß die eine Meßleitung durch das Netzkabel (18) des Hochfrequenz­chirurgiegeräts (11) gebildet ist.5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage converter (2 ) and the elements connected behind it (3, 4, 7, 8 ) are arranged as a unit (20 ) in the high-frequency surgical device (11 ), and that the one measuring line through the power cord (18 ) of the high-frequency surgical device (11 ) is formed.6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (21) zur Anzeige des Pegels des Signals(a) an den Ausgang des Spannungswandlers (2) angeschlossen ist.6. Device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a display device (21 ) for displaying the level of the signal(a) is connected to the output of the voltage converter (2 ).7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (22) zur Anzeige des Pegels des Bezugssignals(b) an den Ausgang des Grenz­wertgebers (3) angeschlossen ist.7. Device according to claim 1, 5 or 6, characterized in that a display device (22 ) for displaying the level of the reference signal(b) is connected to the output of the limit transmitter (3 ).
DE198838249131988-07-221988-07-22Device for monitoring high-frequency (radio-frequency) electric leakage currentsCeasedDE3824913A1 (en)

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