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DE3525630A1 - Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery - Google Patents

Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery

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Publication number
DE3525630A1
DE3525630A1DE19853525630DE3525630ADE3525630A1DE 3525630 A1DE3525630 A1DE 3525630A1DE 19853525630DE19853525630DE 19853525630DE 3525630 ADE3525630 ADE 3525630ADE 3525630 A1DE3525630 A1DE 3525630A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
voltage
solar generator
battery
voltage converter
solar
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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DE19853525630
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German (de)
Inventor
Lothar Dipl Ing Hoefer
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Priority to DE19853525630priorityCriticalpatent/DE3525630A1/en
Publication of DE3525630A1publicationCriticalpatent/DE3525630A1/en
Ceasedlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

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Abstract

A method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected battery in different operating conditions. A DC/DC voltage converter (chopper) which produces the optimum matching is arranged between the solar generator and the battery. In order to reduce the power losses caused by the DC/DC voltage converter and in order to avoid such losses at the time of year when it is cold and when the battery voltage is low, the voltage of the solar generator is matched precisely to the battery at low temperature and hence at the maximum voltage produced by the solar generator and when the battery is partially discharged and the battery voltage is in consequence relatively low. The DC/DC voltage converter is used only to increase the voltage of the solar generator and is switched on only when, as a result of the prevailing operating conditions, an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator is necessary for optimum matching. <IMAGE>

Description

Translated fromGerman

Die Energiegewinnung von einem Solargenerator ist von der Sonneneinstrahlung abhängig. Diese fällt während der Nacht gänzlich aus und ist auch am Tage erheblichen Schwankungen ausgesetzt. Zur ständigen Versorgung von elektrischen Verbrauchern ist daher die Verwendung einer Akkumulatorenbatterie üblich. Diese ist in der Lage, vom Solargenerator überschüssig gewonnene elektrische Energie aufzunehmen. Bei fehlender oder ungenügender Energiegewinnung durch den Solargenerator kann die Akkumulatorenbatterie die aufgenommene Energie wieder abgeben.The energy generation from a solar generator is from solar radiationdependent. This is completely canceled during the night and is also onDays subject to considerable fluctuations. For the constant supply ofelectrical consumers is therefore the use of an accumulator batterycommon. This is able to get excess from the solar generatorelectrical energy obtained. If there is no or insufficientThe accumulator battery can generate energy through the solar generatorrelease the absorbed energy again.

Im einfachsten Fall sind Solargenerator und Batterie direkt parallel geschaltet. Die Speicherfunktion der Batterie mit den Einzelfunktionen Energie aufnehmen und Energie abgeben reguliert sich selbsttätig durch die Höhe der Spannung. Damit die Speicherfunktion der Batterie gut genutzt werden kann, ist es erforderlich, die Nennspannungen vom Solargenerator und von der Batterie passend zueinander zu wählen. Dies ist möglich, da sowohl der Solargenerator als auch die Batterie sich aus einer Vielzahl von Elementen zusammensetzt, welche nach Bedarf elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet werden. Da der Solargenerator keine elektrische Energie von der Batterie aufnehmen soll, ist es üblich, eine Diode zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie einzuschalten. Besteht der Solargenerator aus mehreren parallel geschalteten Generator-Teilen, so wird auch jedes Generator-Teil gegen die anderen durch Einschalten je einer Diode gegen Rückspeisung gesichert.In the simplest case, the solar generator and battery are connected directly in parallel.The storage function of the battery with the individual functionsAbsorbing energy and releasing energy regulates itself automaticallythe level of tension. So that the storage function of the battery is well usedit is necessary to remove the nominal voltages from the solar generator and choose from the battery to match each other. This is possible,since both the solar generator and the battery are made up of a large numbercomposed of elements that are electrically connected in series as required. Since the solar generator has no electrical energy from theTo take up battery, it is common to put a diode between the solar generatorand turn on the battery. The solar generator consists of several in parallelswitched generator parts, each generator part is also against theothers are secured against feedback by switching on one diode each.

Die Spannung des Solargenerators und auch die der Batterie sind von den jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen abhängig. Beim Solargenerator ist jene Spannung interessant, bei der der Solargenerator die maximale Leistung abgeben kann (genannt MPP; MPP = Maximum Power Point). Diese Spannung ist in erster Linie von der Temperatur des Solargenerators abhängig. Bei niedriger Temperatur ist diese Spannung höher als bei hoher Temperatur. Bei der Batterie ist der Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Spannung gering. Einen erheblichen Einfluß hat jedoch der Ladezustand der Batterie, da sich mit dem Ladezustand die Säurewichte ändert.The voltage of the solar generator and that of the battery are differentOperating conditions dependent. That voltage is with the solar generatorinteresting, where the solar generator give the maximum powercan (called MPP; MPP = Maximum Power Point). This tension is firstLine depends on the temperature of the solar generator. At low temperaturethis voltage is higher than at high temperature. With the batterythe influence of temperature on voltage is small. A substantial oneHowever, the state of charge of the battery has an influence, since it changes with the state of chargethe acid weights changes.

Durch die Wahl der Nennspannung beim Solargenerator und bei der Batterie kann eine richtige Anpassung jeweils nur für ganz bestimmte Betriebsbedingungen erreicht werden. Bei anderen Betriebsbedingungen (Solargenerator-Temperatur bzw. Ladezustand der Batterie) ergibt sich eine verringerte Ausnutzung des Solargenerators, die dadurch ausgedrückt werden kann, daß der Solargenerator mit einer Spannung betrieben wird, die vom MPP abweicht.By choosing the nominal voltage for the solar generator and the batterycan make a correct adjustment only for very specific operating conditionscan be achieved. In other operating conditions (solar generatorTemperature or state of charge of the battery) there is a reducedExploitation of the solar generator, which can be expressed in thatthe solar generator is operated with a voltage that deviates from the MPP.

Es ist üblich, Solargeneratorspannung und Batteriespannung so zu wählen, daß sich die höchste zulässige Batteriespannung (Gasungsspannung) und die niedrigste MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators entsprechen. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß überschüssige Energie vom Solargenerator in jedem Fall in der Batterie gespeichert werden kann. Es ergibt sich jedoch der Nachteil, daß bei niedriger Solargeneratortemperatur oder bei niedrigem Ladezustand der Batterie eine Fehlanpassung vorliegt. Der Nachteil ist noch schwerwiegender, wenn niedrige Temperatur des Solargenerators und niedriger Ladezustand der Batterie vorhanden sind. Der Solargenerator wird dann mit einer Spannung betrieben, die wesentlich geringer ist, als jene die durch den Maximum Power Point bestimmt ist. Das bedeutet, daß bei entladener Batterie oder bei niedriger Solargeneratortemperatur die Leistungsfähigkeit des Solargenerators nicht voll ausgenutzt werden kann.It is common to choose solar generator voltage and battery voltage sothat the highest permissible battery voltage (gassing voltage) and thecorrespond to the lowest MPP voltage of the solar generator. This ensuresthat excess energy from the solar generator in any case in theBattery can be saved. However, there is the disadvantage thatwith a low solar generator temperature or with a low state of chargeBattery mismatch. The downside is more seriouswhen the temperature of the solar generator is low and the charge level is low the battery is present. The solar generator will thenoperated with a voltage that is significantly lower than thatis determined by the maximum power point. That means that when unloadedBattery or at low solar generator temperature the performanceof the solar generator cannot be fully used.

Um eine günstige Anpassung zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie bei allen Betriebszuständen zu erreichen, ist es bekannt, einen DC-DC-Spannungswandler (Chopper) einzusetzen. Dieser hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß in ihm bei allen Betriebszuständen Verluste anfallen, wodurch die zusätzlich aus dem Solargenerator gewonnene Energie größtenteils oder gänzlich wieder aufgezehrt wird.For a cheap adaptation between solar generator and battery in allTo achieve operating states, it is known to use a DC-DC voltage converter(Chopper) to use. However, this has the disadvantage that in allOperating states losses occur, which means that additionally from the solar generatormost or all of the energy gained is used up againbecomes.

Der Erfingung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, durch das eine Verminderung der durch den DC-DC-Spannungswandler verursachten Leistungsverluste erzielt wird und das für die Anpassung zwischen Solargenerator und Batterie in der kalten Jahreszeit und bei niedriger Batteriespannung Leistungsverluste gänzlich vermeidet.The invention is therefore based on the task of proposing a methodby which a reduction in those caused by the DC-DC voltage converterLoss of performance is achieved and that for the adjustment betweenSolar generator and battery in the cold season and at lowBattery voltage completely avoids loss of performance.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Verfahrensschritte des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the characterizing process stepsof claim 1 solved.

Erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 4 beschrieben.Embodiments according to the invention are described in subclaims 2 to 4.

Der wesentliche Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der DC-DC-Spannungswandler in der kalten Jahreszeit praktisch nicht benötigt wird. Dieses wirkt sich für eine Solargeneratoranlage besonders günstig aus, da in dieser Zeit die Energiegewinnung mit einer solchen Anlage schwierig ist.The main advantage of the invention is that the DC-DCVoltage converteris practically not required in the cold season. This worksare particularly favorable for a solar generator system, because at this timeenergy generation with such a system is difficult.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß der zur Spannungserhöhung verwendete DC-DC-Spannungswandler in seiner typischen Schaltung nur die zur Spannungserhöhung erforderliche Spannung erzeugt und diese zur Eingangsspannung hinzufügt. Dadurch ist der Wandlungsprozess nur für einen Bruchteil der Durchgangsleistung notwendig, wenn die Spannungserhöhung nur geringfügig gegenüber der Eingangsspannung ist. Diese Verhältnisse liegen hier vor und deswegen ist ein besonders günstiger Wirkungsgrad für dieses Anpassungsverfahren zu erwarten. Von Vorteil ist die Verwendung eines DC-DC-Spannungswandlers zur Spannungserhöhung (vom Typ Aufwärtschopper) auch in der Hinsicht, daß dieser auf der Eingangsseite nur geringe Stromschwankungen verursacht. Der an seinem Eingang angeschlossene Solargenerator bekommt durch Stromschwankungen eine geringere Leistungsfähigkeit. Bei eventueller Verwendung eines Spannungswandlers vom Typ Abwärtschopper würden erhebliche Stromschwankungen entstehen, welche durch aufwendige Filter wieder beseitigt werden müßten. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß das Schaltelement (z. B. ein Transistor) des DC-DC-Spannungswandlers auch die Leistungsabgabe vom Solargenerator vermindern kann, indem der Solargenerator gemäß Anspruch 4 zeitweilig oder dauernd kurzgeschlossen wird, wenn keine Energie abgenommen wird und die Überladung der Batterie droht. Dieses Verfahren ist bei Ladereglern für Solargeneratoren üblich.Another advantage of the invention is that it increases the voltageused DC-DC voltage converter in its typical circuit onlygenerates the voltage required to increase the voltage and this to the input voltageadds. As a result, the change process is only for one Fraction of the throughput necessary when the voltage increaseis only slightly compared to the input voltage. These relationshipsare available here and therefore is a particularly favorable efficiency forto expect this adjustment process. It is advantageous to use aDC-DC voltage converter to increase voltage (of the type warm-up chopper)also with regard to the fact that there are only slight current fluctuations on the input sidecaused. The solar generator connected to its inputgets less performance due to current fluctuations.If a voltage converter of the type waste heat chopper is usedwould considerable current fluctuations arise, which are caused by complexFilters would have to be removed again. An additional advantage of the inventionis that the switching element (e.g. a transistor) of the DCDC voltage converter also reduce the power output from the solar generatorcan temporarily or by the solar generator according to claim 4is continuously short-circuited when no energy is drawn and theOvercharge of the battery threatens. This procedure is for charge controllers forSolar generators common.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Schaltungsanordnung dargestellt, die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verwendet werden kann und anhand der dieses Verfahren erläutert wird.In the drawing, a circuit arrangement is shown which is to be carried outof the method according to the invention can be used and on the basiswho will explain this procedure.

Einem Solargenerator1 ist eine Batterie4 parallel geschaltet, wobei die eine Sperrdiode5 enthaltende Hauptleitung mit2 und die Masseleitung mit3 bezeichnet sind. Zwischen dem Solargenerator1 und der Batterie4 ist ein DC-DC-Spannungswandler9 angeordnet, der eine Drossel6, eine weitere Diode7 und ein Schaltelement8, beispielsweise einen Transistor, aufweist. Die Drossel6 und die Diode7 liegen parallel zur Hauptleitung2, während das Schaltelement8 zwischen der Verbindungsleitung10 der Drossel6 und der Diode7 sowie der Masseleitung3 angeordnet ist.A battery4 is connected in parallel to a solar generator1 , the main line containing a blocking diode5 being designated2 and the ground line being designated3 . A DC-DC voltage converter9 is arranged between the solar generator1 and the battery4 and has a choke6 , a further diode7 and a switching element8 , for example a transistor. The choke6 and the diode7 are parallel to the main line2 , while the switching element8 is arranged between the connecting line10 of the choke6 and the diode7 and the ground line3 .

Die Spannung des Solargenerators1 wird bei niedriger Temperatur und damit höchster vom Solargenerator1 erzeugter Spannung sowie bei teilweise entladener Batterie4 und damit relativ niedriger Batteriespannung an die Batterie4 genau angepaßt. Die Betriebsbedingung der genauen Anpassung besteht vorzugsweise darin, daß die MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators1, d. h. diejenige Spannung, bei der die maximale Leistung vom Solargenerator1 abgegeben wird, bei niedrigster Betriebstemperatur gleich der Nennspannung der angeschlossenen Batterie4 ist. Hierbei kann die genaue Anpassung für die vorgegebenen Betriebsbedingungen beispielsweise durch Wahl der Anzahl von Solargeneratormodulen und Batteriezellen vorgenommen werden.The voltage of the solar generator1 is precisely adapted to the battery4 at a low temperature and thus the highest voltage generated by the solar generator1 and with a partially discharged battery4 and thus a relatively low battery voltage. The operating condition of the exact adaptation is preferably that the MPP voltage of the solar generator1 , ie the voltage at which the maximum power is output by the solar generator1 , is the same as the nominal voltage of the connected battery4 at the lowest operating temperature. In this case, the exact adaptation for the specified operating conditions can be carried out, for example, by selecting the number of solar generator modules and battery cells.

Der DC-DC-Spannungswandler9 wird nur zur Erhöhung der Spannung des Solargenerators1 verwendet. Es handelt sich um eine Aufwärts-Chopper-Schaltungsanordnung, die nur dann eingeschaltet wird, wenn wegen der herrschenden Betriebsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der vom Solargenerator1 bereitgestellten Spannung zur optimalen Anpassung benötigt wird.The DC-DC voltage converter9 is only used to increase the voltage of the solar generator1 . It is an up-chopper circuit arrangement which is only switched on when an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator1 is required for optimal adaptation due to the prevailing operating conditions.

Claims (4)

Translated fromGerman
1. Verfahren zur optimalen Anpassung der Spannung von einem Solargenerator an eine parallel geschaltete Batterie bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen, wobei zwischen dem Solargenerator und der Batterie ein die optimale Anpassung bewirkender DC-DC-Spannungswandler (Chopper) angeordnet ist und wobei für eine vorgegebene Betriebsbedingung die Spannung des Solargenerators an die Batterie optimal angepaßt ist,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung des Solargenerators (1) bei niedriger Temperatur und damit höchster vom Solargenerator (1) erzeugter Spannung sowie bei teilweise entladener Batterie (4) und damit relativ niedriger Batteriespannung an die Batterie (4) genau angepaßt wird, daß ein DC-DC-Spannungswandler (9) nur zur Erhöhung der Spannung des Solargenerators (1) verwendet wird, und daß der DC-DC-Spannungswandler (9) nur dann eingeschaltet wird, wenn wegen der herrschenden Betriebsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der vom Solargenerator (1) bereitgestellten Spannung zur optimalen Anpasssng benötigt wird.1. A method for optimally adapting the voltage from a solar generator to a battery connected in parallel under different operating conditions, with a DC-DC voltage converter (chopper) providing the optimal adaptation being arranged between the solar generator and the battery and with the voltage being given for a predetermined operating condition of the solar generator is optimally adapted to the battery,characterized in that the voltage of the solar generator (1 ) at low temperature and thus the highest voltage generated by the solar generator (1 ) as well as with partially discharged battery (4 ) and thus relatively low battery voltage to the battery (4 ) is precisely adapted that a DC-DC voltage converter (9 ) is only used to increase the voltage of the solar generator (1 ), and that the DC-DC voltage converter (9 ) is only switched on when the operating conditions prevail an increase in the voltage provided by the solar generator (1 ) is needed for optimal adjustment.2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genaue Anpassung für die vorgegebene Betriebsbedingung durch Wahl der Anzahl von Solargeneratormodulen und Batteriezellen vorgenommen wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exact adjustmentfor the given operating condition by choosing the number ofSolar generator modules and battery cells is made. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betriebsbedingung der genauen Anpassung darin besteht, daß die MPP-Spannung des Solargenerators (1) (Spannung, bei welcher die maximale Leistung abgegeben wird) bei niedriger Betriebstemperatur gleich der Nennspannung der angeschlossenen Batterie (4) ist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating condition of the exact adaptation is that the MPP voltage of the solar generator (1 ) (voltage at which the maximum power is output) at low operating temperature equal to the nominal voltage of the connected battery (4 ) is.4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schaltelement (8) des DC-DC-Spannungswandlers (9) auch zum Kurzschließen des Solargenerators in üblicher Weise verwendet wird, indem es solange wie erforderlich eingeschaltet bleibt, um die Energielieferung vom Solargenerator (1) zu vermindern oder ganz zu unterbrechen.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element (8 ) of the DC-DC voltage converter (9 ) is also used for short-circuiting the solar generator in the usual way by it remains switched on for as long as necessary to the energy supply from the solar generator (1 ) to decrease or to interrupt completely.
DE198535256301985-07-181985-07-18Method for optimum matching of the voltage from a solar generator to a parallel-connected batteryCeasedDE3525630A1 (en)

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IEEE Transactions on aerospace and elektronic systems, Vol. AES-4, No.1, Jan.1968, S.102-111*

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