ELEKTRO - CHIRURGIEGERAT ELECTRICAL SURGERY DEVICE
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektro-Chirurgiegerät mit einem Umschalterfür die Betriebsarten ~monopölar" und "bipolar" und mit einem weiteren, in der Betriebsart"monopolar" wirksamen Umschalter zwischen den Betriebsarten "schneiden" und "koagulieren",sowie mit mindestens einem einstellbaren Widerstand zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistungin der jeweiligen Betriebsart, wobei bei monopolarem Betrieb ein Ausgangsanschlußdes Gerätes über die Plattenelektrode mit dem Körper des Patienten und der andereAusgangsanschluß mit einer sogenannten aktiven, vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrodeverbunden ist und im bipolaren Betrieb beide Ausgangsanschlüsse mit zwei von demChirurgen zu handhabenden Elektroden, die vorzugsweise als Pinzette mit voneinanderisolierten Branchen ausgebildet sind, verbunden sind.The invention relates to an electrosurgical device with a switchfor the operating modes ~ monopolar "and" bipolar "and with another one in the operating mode"monopolar" effective switch between the operating modes "cut" and "coagulate",as well as with at least one adjustable resistor for setting the output powerin the respective operating mode, with one output connection in the case of monopolar operationof the device via the plate electrode with the patient's body and the otherOutput connection with a so-called active electrode to be handled by the surgeonis connected and in bipolar mode both output ports with two of theSurgeons handle electrodes, preferably as forceps with one anotherisolated branches are formed, are connected.
Derartige Elektro-Chirurgiegeräte, die überwiegend in Halbleitertechnikaufgebaut sind, sind bekannt. Sie enthalten im wewesentlichen einen Generator, dereine Freauenz von einigen Hundert Kilohertz erzeugt, einen meist nur in der Betriebsart"koagulieren" wirksamen Modulator, einen Leistungs- oder Endverstärker und verschiedeneSicherheits- und Warnschaltungen zur Verhinderung von Fehlbedienungen. In der Betriebsart"schneiden" wird mit einer verhältnismäßig hohen Ausgangsleistung gearbeitet, dieeinen ständigen Lichtbogenübergang zwischen der aktiven Elektrode und dem Gewebezur Folge hat, so daß dieses mit der entsprechend ausgebildeten Elektrode wie miteinem Skalpell durchtrennt werden kann. In der Betriebsart "koagulieren" wird dashochfrequente Ausgangssignal des Generators mittels des Modulators in Impulse miteiner Dauervon beispielsweise 10 /t£ und einer Pause von beispielsweise40 jts umgewandelt und gleichzeitig wird die Ausgangsleistung herabgesetzt. DieseBetriebsart wird bevorzugt zum Verschließen von Blutgefäßen benutzt.Such electrosurgical devices, which are predominantly in semiconductor technologyare built are known. They essentially contain a generator thatGenerates a frenzy of a few hundred kilohertz, usually only in the operating mode"coagulate" effective modulator, a power or final amplifier and variousSafety and warning circuits to prevent operating errors. In the operating mode"Cut" is worked with a relatively high output powera constant arc transition between the active electrode and the tissuehas the consequence, so that this with the correspondingly designed electrode as withcan be severed with a scalpel. In the "coagulate" operating modehigh-frequency output signal of the generator by means of the modulator in pulses witha durationfor example 10 / t £ and a pause of for example40 jts converted and at the same time the output power is reduced. TheseOperating mode is preferably used to close blood vessels.
Gegebenenfalls ist auch eine gemischte Betriebsart "schneiden/ koagulieren"möglich, bei der mit einer längeren Impulsdauer, einer kürzeren Impulspause undgegenüber der Betriebsart koagulieren erhöhter Ausgangsleistung gearbeitet wird.If necessary, a mixed operating mode "cut / coagulate" is also possiblepossible with the one with a longer pulse duration, a shorter pulse pause andcompared to the coagulate operating mode, increased output power is used.
Da für die verschiedenen in Betracht kommenden Einsatzfälle des Elektro-Chirurgiegerätesganz unterschiedliche Ausgangsleistungen benötigt werden, ist die Leistung zwischeneinem Minimalwert nahe Null und einem Maximalwert, der bei mehreren Hundert Wattliegen kann, einstellbar. Die Einstellung erfolgt gewöhnlich für die einzelnen Betriebsartenüber getrennte Potentiometer oder Stufenschalter, die z.B. die Höhe der Versorgungsspannungdes Endverstärkers steuern. Diese Versorgungsspannung wird hierzu einem Netzgerätmit regelbarer oder zumindest steuerbarer Ausgangsspannung entnommen. Die Schaltungstechnikenfür solche Netzgeräte sind bekannt und brauchen daher vorliegend nicht im einzelnenerläutert zu werden. Um lediglich ein Beispiel zu nennen, kann das Netzgerät einePhasenanschnittschaltung mit einem Thyristor oder Triac enthalten, dessen Zündwinkelsich in Abhängigkeit von der Einstellung des Potentiometers oder Stufenschaltersverändert.As for the various possible uses of the electrosurgical devicevery different output powers are required, the power is betweena minimum value close to zero and a maximum value that is several hundred wattscan be adjustable. The setting is usually made for the individual operating modesVia separate potentiometers or step switches, for example the level of the supply voltageof the power amplifier. This supply voltage is used for this purpose in a power supply unittaken with adjustable or at least controllable output voltage. The circuit techniquesfor such network devices are known and therefore do not need any details hereto be explained. To give just one example, the power supply unit can have aPhase control circuit with a thyristor or triac included, the firing angledepending on the setting of the potentiometer or step switchchanges.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen, vor allem zur Vermeidung von Verbrennungen,wird die Ausgangsspannung des Gerätes an die vom Chirurgen zu handhabende Elektrode(im monopolaren Betrieb) bzw. an die Elektroden (im bipolaren Betrieb) nur so langeangelegt, wie sie tatsächlich benötigt wird. Dies kann entweder über einen als Momentkontaktausgebildeten, vom Chirurgen zu betätigenden Fußschalter oder über einen gleichartigen,in den Elektrodenträger und -handgriff eingebauten und vom Chirurgen mit dem Fingerzu betätigenden Taster geschehen. Das Betätigen desFußschaltersoder des Fingerschalters löst dann über einen in dem Elektro-Chirurgiegerät enthaltenenHilfsstromkreis das Anschwingen des Generators aus oder läßt in anderer Weise diehochfrequente Ausgangsspannung des Gerätes an die Elektroden gelangen.For safety reasons, especially to avoid burns,becomes the output voltage of the device to the electrode to be handled by the surgeon(in monopolar operation) or to the electrodes (in bipolar operation) only for so longcreated as it is actually needed. This can either be via a momentary contacttrained foot switch to be operated by the surgeon or via a similar,built into the electrode holder and handle and used by the surgeon with the fingerto be actuated button happen. Pressing theFoot switchor the finger switch then triggers via one contained in the electrosurgical unitAuxiliary circuit, the oscillation of the generator off or in another way leaves thehigh-frequency output voltage of the device reach the electrodes.
Entsprechend den unterschiedlichen physiologischen Wirkungen des zwischenden Elektroden in den Betriebsarten "schneiden" und "koagulieren" fließenden Stromesergibt sich häufig die Notwendigkeit, zwischen diesen Betriebsarten mehrfach umzuschalten.Für eine ferngesteuerte Umschaltung sind hierzu bereits Doppelfußschalter oder Doppelfingerschalterbekannt, die bei Betätigung des einen Kontaktes das Gerät z.B. in der Betriebsart"schneiden" mit der voreingestellten Ausgangsleistung und bei Betätigung des anderenKontaktes das Gerät dann in der Betriebsart "koagulieren" mit der hierfür voreingestelltenLeistung aktivieren. Die Rückmeldung über die jeweils aktivierte Betriebsart erhältder Chirurg optisch durch verschiedenfarbige Signallampen und /oder akustisch inForm von unterschiedlich hohen Tönen.According to the different physiological effects of the betweenthe electrodes in the operating modes "cut" and "coagulate" the flowing currentthere is often the need to switch between these operating modes several times.There are already double foot switches or double finger switches for remote controlled switchingknown that when one contact is actuated the device e.g. in the operating mode"cut" with the preset output power and when the other is activatedContact the device in the "coagulate" operating mode with the presetActivate performance. Receives the feedback about the respectively activated operating modethe surgeon optically through different colored signal lamps and / or acoustically inForm of different high notes.
Im Verlaufe einer Operation, bei der die verschiedensten Gewebe durchtrenntwerden, muß aber nicht nur mehrfach zwischen den beiden genannten Betriebsartenumgeschaltet werden, sondern es ist häufig zur Erzielung optimaler Ergebnisse aucheine Änderung der in der jeweiligen Betriebsart eingestellten Ausgangsleistung notwendig.Bei den bisher bekannten Geräten ist hierzu eine ilfserso erforderlich, die nachAnweisung des Chirurgen die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes in der jeweiligen Betriebsartändert. Dem Chirurgen selbst kann die unmittelbare Gerätebedienung nicht zugemutetwerden, da das Operationsfeld seine volle Aufmerksamkeit erfordert. Unabhängig vondiesem Gesichtspunkt ist dem Chirurgen die Bedienung des Gerätes aber auch deshalbnicht möglich, weil das Elektro-Chirurgiegerät im Normalfall während einer Operationim unsterilen Bereich steht. Die Tatsache, daß sonach allein für die Einstellung derAusgangsleistung des Elektro-Chirurgiegerätes teilweise ununterbrochen über mehrereStunden hinweg eine Bedienperson erforderlich ist, der der Chirurg fortlaufend Anweisungenerteilen und deren Ausführung er überwachen muß, erweist sich als außerordentlichunbefriedigend, zumal hierdurch die Konzentrationsfähigkeit des Chirurgen zusätzlichin Anspruch genommen wird.During an operation in which a wide variety of tissues are severedmust, however, not only have to be repeated several times between the two operating modes mentionedto be switched, but it is often used for best results as wellit is necessary to change the output power set in the respective operating mode.In the previously known devices this requires an ilfserso, which according toInstruction of the surgeon the output power of the device in the respective operating modechanges. Direct operation of the device cannot be expected of the surgeon himselfas the operating field requires his full attention. Independent ofFrom this point of view, however, the surgeon is also keen to operate the devicenot possible because the electrosurgical unit is normally used during an operationis in the non-sterile area. The fact that, therefore, solely for the settingtheOutput power of the electrosurgical unit partially uninterrupted over severalAn operator is required for hours, to whom the surgeon continuously instructsgrant and the execution of which he has to supervise, proves to be extraordinaryunsatisfactory, especially as this also increases the surgeon's ability to concentrateis used.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Elektro-Chirurgiegerätder eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, dessen Ausgangsleistung vom Chirurgenfernsteuerbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of an electrosurgical deviceof the type mentioned at the outset to create its output power from the surgeonis remotely controllable.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Wert desdie Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes bestimmenden Widerstandes durch Betätigung einesersten, in dem Griff der vom Chirurgen zu handhabenden Elektrode(n) untergebrachtenund mit dem Gerät elektrisch verbundenen Kontaktes vergrößerbar und durch Betätigungeines zweiten, gleichartigen Kontaktes verkleinerbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the value of thethe output power of the device determining resistance by actuating afirst, placed in the handle of the electrode (s) to be handled by the surgeonand with the device electrically connected contact can be enlarged and operateda second, similar contact can be reduced in size.
Diese Lösung hat den Vorteil, die bisher notwendige Hilfsperson zurEinstellung der Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes überflüssig zu machen, so daß die Ausgangsleistungdes Elektrochirurgiegerätes unmittelbar vom Chirurgen fernbedient einstellbar ist.This solution has the advantage of providing the previously necessary helperAdjustment of the output power of the device to make unnecessary, so that the output powerof the electrosurgical device can be set remotely directly by the surgeon.
Hierdurch entfallen auch die bisher unvermeidlichen zeitlichen Verzögerungenund Fehlbedienungen aufgrund von Hörfehlern oder anderen Mißverständnissen zwischendem Chirurgen und der Hilfsperson.This also eliminates the previously unavoidable time delaysand operating errors due to hearing impairments or other misunderstandings betweenthe surgeon and the assistant.
Die Ansprüche 2 und 3 betreffen Weiterbildungen des Gerätes, die demChirurgen unmittelbar anzeigen, welche Ausgangsleistung er vorgewählt bzw. eingestellthat.The claims 2 and 3 relate to developments of the device that theSurgeons can immediately see which output power has been selected or setHas.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung läßt sich sowohl elektromechanischals auch elektronisch, im letzteren Fall entweder in analoger oder in digitalerSchaltungstechnik verwirklichen.The basic idea of the invention can be both electromechanicalas well as electronically, in the latter case either in analogue or in digitalRealize circuit technology.
Die Ansprüche 4 und 5 betreffen elektromechanische Lösungen.Claims 4 and 5 relate to electromechanical solutions.
Der Anspruch 6 betrifft eine Ausführungsform in analoger Schaltungstechnik.Claim 6 relates to an embodiment in analog circuit technology.
Der Anspruch 7 bezieht sich auf eine Ausführungsform in gemischterdigital/ analoger Schaltungstechnik.Claim 7 relates to an embodiment in mixed formdigital / analog circuit technology.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform in rein digitaler Schaltungstechnikist im Anspruch 8 angegeben.A particularly preferred embodiment in purely digital circuit technologyis specified in claim 8.
Die Ansprüche 9 bis 15 sind auf Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungendieser Ausführungsformen gerichtet.Claims 9 to 15 relate to further developments and advantageous refinementsdirected to these embodiments.
Das Elektro-Chirurgiegerät nach der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhandder Zeichnung erläutert, in der verschiedene Ausführungsformen im Blockschaltbilddargestellt sind. Es zeigt: Figur 1 - eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Elektro-Chirurgiegerätesnach dem Stand der Technik Figur 2 - ein Schaltbild zur Erläuterung des Grundgedankensder Erfindung, Figur 3 - eine erste Ausführungsform einer elektromechanischen Fernsteuerschaltung,Figur 4 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schaltung zur akustischen Signalisierungund zur optischen Anzeige der eingestellten Ausgangsleistung, Figur 5 - eine zweiteAusführungsform einer elektromechanischen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur 6 - ein Ausführungsbeispieleiner im wesentlichen analog arbeitenden elektrischen Fernsteuerschaltung, Figur7 - ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer digital/analog arbeitenden FernsteuerschaltungFigur8 - ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer im wesentlichen digitalen Fernsteuerschaltung,Figur 9 - eine Ausführungsform der Digitalschaltung nach Figur 8 in Verbindung miteiner optischen und einer akustischen Anzeige, Figur 10 - ein vereinfachtes Schaltbildeiner Digitalschaltung für die Fernsteuerung eines Elektrocirurieerätes mit rnehrercnfletriebqnrten.The electrosurgical device according to the invention is based on the followingthe drawing explains in the various embodiments in the block diagramare shown. It shows: FIG. 1 - a simplified representation of an electrosurgical deviceaccording to the prior art Figure 2 - a circuit diagram to explain the basic ideaof the invention, Figure 3 - a first embodiment of an electromechanical remote control circuit,Figure 4 - an embodiment of a circuit for acoustic signalingand for the visual display of the set output power, Figure 5 - a secondEmbodiment of an electromechanical remote control circuit, Figure 6 - an embodimentan electrical remote control circuit that works essentially analogously, FIG7 - an embodiment of a digital / analog operating remote control circuitfigure8 - another embodiment of an essentially digital remote control circuit,FIG. 9 - an embodiment of the digital circuit according to FIG. 8 in connection withan optical and an acoustic display, Figure 10 - a simplified circuit diagrama digital circuit for the remote control of an electro-surgical device with rnehrercnfletriebqnrten.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Elektrochirurgiegerät nach dem Stand derTechnik besteht im wesentlichen aus einem eine hochfrequente Schwingung erzeugendenGenerator 1, dem ein steuerbarer Modulator 2 nachgeschaltet ist, auf den ein ebenfallssteuerbarer End- oder Leistungsverstärker 3 folgt. An die Ausgänge 4, 5 sind verschiedene,nicht dargestellte Behandlungselektroden anschließbar.The electrosurgical device shown in Fig. 1 according to the prior artTechnology essentially consists of a high-frequency vibration generatingGenerator 1, which is followed by a controllable modulator 2, to which a likewisecontrollable final or power amplifier 3 follows. At the outputs 4, 5 are different,Treatment electrodes, not shown, can be connected.
Ein derartiges Elektrochirurgiegerät ist gewöhnlich zwischen den Betriebsartenmonopolar und "bipolar" umschaltbar sowie in der Betriebsart "monopolar" zwischenden Betriebsarten schneiden und "koagulieren" umschaltbar. In jeder Betriebsartist die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes getrennt einstellbar.Such an electrosurgical device is usually between the modes of operationmonopolar and "bipolar" switchable as well as in the operating mode "monopolar" betweenthe operating modes cut and "coagulate" switchable. In every operating modethe output power of the device can be set separately.
Zur Umschaltung zwischen der monopolaren und der bipolaren Betriebsartdient ein Schalter S 1, zur Umschaltung zwischen den Betriebsarten schneiden und"koagulieren" dient ein Schalter S 2. Der Schalter S 2 kann in nicht näher dargestellterWeise vom Chirurgen über einen Fußschalter oder einen Fingerschalter betätigt werden.Die Kontakte der Schalter S 1, S 2 sind derart -zusammengeschaltet, daß einerseitsder Modulator 2 über seine Steuereingänge 2a und 2b das der jeweils gewählten Betriebsartentsprechende Steuersignal erhält und daß andererseits für jede Betriebsart eingesondertes Potentiometer Rs, Rk, Rb zur Einstellung der Ausgangsleistung des Geräteswirksam wirkt. Im vorliegenden Fallliegt das jeweilige Potentiometerentsprechend der Stellung der Schalter S1, S2 am Steuereingang eines Netzgerätes6, das über seinen Ausgang 6a die Versorgungsspannung für den-Endverstärker 3 liefert,so daß die Amplitude dessen hochfrequenten, ggf. durch den Modulator 2 impulsmoduliertenAusgangssignales an den Ausgängen 4,5 etwa proportional zur Ausgangsspannung desNetzgerätes 6 ist. Die Ausgangsspannung des Netzgerätes 6 ist ihrerseits etwa proportionalzudem an dem betreffenden Potentiometer, im dargestellten Fall an dem PotentiometerRs, eingestellten Widerstandswert.For switching between monopolar and bipolar operating modesA switch S 1 is used to switch between the operating modes and cutA switch S 2 is used to "coagulate". The switch S 2 can not be shown in any more detailCan be operated by the surgeon via a foot switch or a finger switch.The contacts of the switches S 1, S 2 are interconnected in such a way that on the one handthe modulator 2 via its control inputs 2a and 2b that of the respectively selected operating modereceives corresponding control signal and that on the other hand for each operating modeseparate potentiometer Rs, Rk, Rb for setting the output power of the deviceworks effectively. In the present caseis the respective potentiometeraccording to the position of switches S1, S2 at the control input of a power supply unit6, which supplies the supply voltage for the output amplifier 3 via its output 6a,so that the amplitude of its high-frequency, possibly pulse-modulated by the modulator 2Output signal at the outputs 4.5 approximately proportional to the output voltage of thePower supply 6 is. The output voltage of the power supply unit 6 is for its part approximately proportionalalso on the relevant potentiometer, in the illustrated case on the potentiometerRs, set resistance value.
Die Steuerung der Ausrangsleistunr kann selbstverstndlich auch 1 rianderer Weise verwirklicllt, zzr. auch durch eine erltsprechende Regelung ersetztwerden, bei der dann der an dem betreffenden Potentiometer eingestellte Widerstandswertals SOLL-Wert-Geber arbeitet. Die das Netzgerät 6 steuernde Eingangsgröße kann sowohlunmittelbar der Widerstandswert als auch ein dem eingestellten Widerstandswert proportionalerStrom oder eine proportionale Spannung sein.The control of the output power can of course also be 1 rirealized in another way, zzr. also replaced by an appropriate regulationat which the resistance value set on the relevant potentiometerworks as a setpoint encoder. The input variable controlling the power supply unit 6 can bothdirectly the resistance value as well as one proportional to the set resistance valueBe a current or a proportional voltage.
Die Steuerung des Modulators 2 ist hier nur schematisch dargestelltund kann beispielsweise so ausgelegt werden, daß der Modulator 2 dann, wenn seinSteuereingang 2a in der der gezeichneten Schalterstellung entsprechenden Betriebsart"schneiden" auf Masse gelegt wird, unwirksam ist, also dem hochfrequenten Generatorsignalkeine Modulation aufgeprägt wird, daß der Modulator 2 hingegen eine Impulsmodulationin jeder anderen Betriebsart erzeugt, nämlich dann, wenn sein Eingang 2b auf Masseliegt.The control of the modulator 2 is only shown schematically hereand can be designed, for example, so that the modulator 2 then ifControl input 2a in the operating mode corresponding to the switch position shown"cut" is placed on ground, is ineffective, so the high-frequency generator signalno modulation is impressed, that the modulator 2, however, a pulse modulationgenerated in any other operating mode, namely when its input 2b is at groundlies.
Der Modulator 2 kann selbstverständlich noch weitere Steuereingängehaben, z.B. für eine Betriebsart mischen, die grundsätzlich der Betriebsart "schneiden"entspricht, wobei jedoch zusätzlich das Hochfrequenzsignal impulsmoduliert wird,und zwar mit einer gegenüber der Betriebsart koagulieren längeren Impulsdauer.The modulator 2 can of course also have additional control inputshave, e.g. mix for an operating mode that basically corresponds to the "cutting" operating modecorresponds, however, the high-frequency signal is also pulse-modulated,with a longer pulse duration than in the coagulate operating mode.
Wegen der für elektromedizinische Geräte geltenden, strengen Sicherheitsbestimmungen,aber auch deshalb, weil eine unbeabsichtigte Aktivierung der mit den Ausgängen 4,5verbundenenElektroden oder eine Aktivierung in einer für den betreffendenAnwendungsfall ungeeigneten Betriebsart zu erheblichen Verbrennungen des Patientenoder des Chirurgen führen kann, enthalten die üblichen Elektrochirürgiegeräte eineReihe von Sicherheits-und Anzeigeschaltungen, die mit Ausnahme des Schalters S3in der Steuerleitung des Endverstärkers 2 nicht dargestellt sind. Bei geöffnetemSchalter S3 liegt an den Ausgängen 4,5 kein Signal.Because of the strict safety regulations applicable to electrical medical devices,but also because an unintentional activation of the outputs 4,5connectedElectrodes or an activation in one for the concernedUse case unsuitable mode of operation to severe burns to the patientor the surgeon, the usual electro-surgical devices contain oneSeries of safety and indicator circuits, with the exception of switch S3are not shown in the control line of the output amplifier 2. When theSwitch S3 has no signal at outputs 4, 5.
Der Schalter S3 wird üblicherweise vom Chirurgen fernbedient, undzwar entweder über einen Fußschalter oder über einen Fingerschalter, die jeweilsals Momentkontakt ausgebildet sind. Der Momentkontakt kann auch mit der Fernbedienungfür S 2 zu einem Doppelfußschalter oder einem Doppelfingerschalter kombiniert sein,wobei dann der eine Schalter der Betriebsart "schneiden" und der andere Schalterder Betriebsart koagulieren zugeordnet ist und jeweils bei Betätigung des einenoder des anderen Schalters gleichzeitig der Schalter S 3 geschlossen wird.The switch S3 is usually operated remotely by the surgeon, andeither via a foot switch or a finger switch, eachare designed as momentary contact. The momentary contact can also be made with the remote controlfor S 2 be combined to a double foot switch or a double finger switch,one switch of the "cut" mode and the other switchis assigned to the operating mode coagulate and each time the one is actuatedor the other switch at the same time the switch S 3 is closed.
Zusätzlich zu dieser fernbedienbaren Betriebsartenumschaltung undAktivierung der Elektroden ist es aus den einleitend angegebenen Gründen wünschenswert,auch die Ausgangsleistung des Gerätes fernbedient einstellen zu können. Wiederumaus Sicherheitsgründen soll dabei aber der durch das betreffende Potentiometer Rs,Rk oder Rb eingestellte, obere Grenzwert der Ausgangsleistung nicht überschrittenwerden können. Gemäß dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Grundgedanken der Erfindung verfügtder Chirurg hierfür über zwei Momentkontakte K 1 und K 2, die ebenfalls als Fußschalteroder als Fingerschalter ausgebildet und über eine Leitung L mit einer Schaltung7 innerhalb des Elektrochirurgiegerätes verbunden sind, die an ihren Ausgängen 8,9einen Widerstandswert R liefert, der sich stetig oder schrittweise erhöht, solangeder Kontakt K 1 geschlossen ist, hingegen abnimmt, solange der Kontakt K 2 geschlossenist und konstant bleibt, solange beide Kontakte offen sind, sowie vorzugsweise undaus Sicherheitsgründen auch dann konstant bleibt, wenn beide Kontakte gleichzeitiggedrückt werden. Der an den Ausgängen 8 und 9 der Schaltung 7 erscheinende Widerstandswertwird dann zur Steuerung der Ausgangsleistung des Elektrochirurgiegerätes herangezogen.Für die folgende Beschreibung wird angenommen, daß Diese Steuerung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispielin Fig. 1 verwirklicht ist. Sofern hierbei die Ausgangsleistung mit zunehmendemWert des jeweils wirksamen Potentiometers Rs, Rk oder Rb steigt, wird die Bedingung,daß die Ausgangsleistung den an dem betreffenden Potetentiometer voreingestelltenWert nicht überschreiten darf, dadurch erfüllt, daß der Ausgang 8 der Schaltung7 mit der Steuerleitung des Netzgerätes 6 in Fig. 1 am Punkt I verbunden wird undder Ausgang 9 der Schaltung 7 mit Masse verbunden wird. Sofern der umgekehrte Zusammenhangzwischen dem an dem jeweiligen Potentiometer eingestellten Widerstandswert und derAusgangsleistung besteht, wird statt dieser Parallelschaltung eine Serienschaltungverwendet, so daß R dann zwischen den Punkten I und II in der Steuerleitung desNetzgerätes 7 liegt.In addition to this remote-controlled operating mode switchover andActivation of the electrodes, for the reasons given in the introduction, it is desirableto be able to adjust the output power of the device remotely. In turnfor safety reasons, however, the relevant potentiometer Rs,Rk or Rb set, upper limit value of the output power not exceededcan be. According to the basic concept of the invention shown in FIG. 2the surgeon does this via two momentary contacts K 1 and K 2, which are also used as foot switchesor designed as a finger switch and via a line L with a circuit7 are connected within the electrosurgical device, which at their outputs 8,9supplies a resistance value R which increases continuously or gradually as long asthe contact K 1 is closed, but decreases as long as the contact K 2 is closedis and remains constant as long as both contacts are open, and preferably andfor safety reasons remains constant even if both contacts are at the same timebe pressed. The resistance value appearing at the outputs 8 and 9 of the circuit 7is then used to control the output power of the electrosurgical unitused.For the following description, it is assumed that this control according to the embodimentis realized in FIG. Provided that the output power increases withThe value of the potentiometer Rs, Rk or Rb that is active in each case increases, the condition isthat the output power is that preset on the potentiometer in questionValue must not exceed, fulfilled by the fact that the output 8 of the circuit7 is connected to the control line of the power supply unit 6 in Fig. 1 at point I andthe output 9 of the circuit 7 is connected to ground. Provided the reverse is truebetween the resistance value set on the respective potentiometer and theOutput power, a series connection is used instead of this parallel connectionused so that R then between points I and II in the control line of thePower supply unit 7 is.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem richtungsumkehrbarenServomotor M, der ein Potentiometer R verstellt. Die beiden feststehenden Kontaktstückeder Kontakte K 1, K 2 sind über eine Wechselspannungsquelle 10 mit dem einen Anschlußdes Motors M verbunden, dessen anderer Anschluß über zwei gegensinnig gepolte DiodenD 1, D 2 mit den beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücken der Kontakte K 1, K 2 in Verbindungsteht. Bei Betätigung des Kontaktes K 1 erhält der Motor M die positiven Halbwellender von der Spannungsquelle 10 gelieferten Spannung und dreht in der einen Richtung,bei schließen des Kontakte K 2 wird der Motor mit den negativen halbwellen betriebenund läuft in der entgegengesetzten Drehrichtung.Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment with a direction reversibleServomotor M, which adjusts a potentiometer R. The two fixed contact piecesthe contacts K 1, K 2 are connected to one terminal via an alternating voltage source 10of the motor M connected, the other connection via two oppositely polarized diodesD 1, D 2 with the two movable contact pieces of the contacts K 1, K 2 in connectionstands. When the contact K 1 is actuated, the motor M receives the positive half-wavesthe voltage supplied by the voltage source 10 and rotates in one direction,when contact K 2 closes, the motor is operated with the negative half-wavesand runs in the opposite direction of rotation.
Bei einer fernbedienten Änderung der Ausgangsleistung des Gerätesist eine zumindest qualitative, vorzugsweise aber auch gleichzeitig eine quantitativeAnzeige der gerade eingestellten Ausgangsleistung für den Chirurgen erforderlich.Ein unmittelbarer Abgriff vom Ausgang des Elektrochirurgierätes ist nicht ohne weiteresmöglich, da dieser Ausgang über den Schalter S 3 (Fig. 1) jeweils nur kurzzeitigaktiviert wird. Eine akustische und optische Anzeigeschaltung, die eine ständigeInformation über dieeingestellte Ausgangsleistung liefert, istin Fig. 4 dargestellt.In the event of a remote-controlled change in the output power of the deviceis at least qualitative, but preferably also quantitative at the same timeThe surgeon is required to display the output power that has just been set.A direct tap from the output of the electrosurgical device is not straightforwardpossible, since this output via the switch S 3 (Fig. 1) only brieflyis activated. An acoustic and visual display circuit that has a constantInformation about theprovides the set output power isshown in FIG.
Ausgegangen wird hierbei von einem analogen Signal, das proportionalzu dem fernbedient eingestellten Widerstandswert R ist. Eine einfache Möglichkeitzur Gewinnung eines derartigen Analogsignals besteht an die in Fig. 3 dargestellteSchaltung anschließend darin, daß. der Motor M zusätzlich zu dem Potentiometer Rund synchron mit diesem ein weiteres R' verstellt, dessen Anschlüsse zwischen Masseund einer Spannung + U lieg und dessen Schleifer somit eine dem eingestellten WiderstandswertR proportionale Spannung uR liefert. Diese Spannung uR wird dem Steuereingang einesspannungsgesteuerten Oszillators 11 sowie dem ersten Eingang eines Analogmultiplizierers12 zugeführt, dessen zweiter Eingang mit dem Ausgang eines Tongenerators 13 verbundenist.This is based on an analog signal that is proportionalto the remote-controlled set resistance value R. One easy wayTo obtain such an analog signal, there is the one shown in FIG. 3Circuit then that. the motor M in addition to the potentiometer R.and synchronously with this another R 'adjusted, its connections between groundand a voltage + U lie and its wiper thus corresponds to the set resistance valueR supplies proportional voltage uR. This voltage uR is the control input of avoltage controlled oscillator 11 and the first input of an analog multiplier12, the second input of which is connected to the output of a tone generator 13is.
Ein Lautsprecher 14 ist über einen Schalter S 4 entweder mit dem Ausgangdes spannungsgesteuerten Oszillators 11 oder dem Ausgang des Analogmultiplizieres12 verbindbar. Im ersten Fall liefert der Lautsprecher 14 ein akustisches Signal,dessen Tonhöhe sich proportional zur eingestellten Ausgangsleistung ändert, im zweitenFall gibt der Lautsprecher 14 ein Tonsignal ab, dessen Lautstärke proportional zurAusgangsleistung des Gerätes ist.A loudspeaker 14 is either connected to the output via a switch S 4of the voltage controlled oscillator 11 or the output of the analog multiplier12 connectable. In the first case, the loudspeaker 14 delivers an acoustic signal,whose pitch changes proportionally to the set output power, in the secondIf the loudspeaker 14 emits a sound signal, the volume of which is proportional toOutput power of the device is.
Die Eingangs leistung ist weiterhin über eine 7-Segment-Anzeige 15digital sowie über eine Leuchtdiodenzeile 16 analog in dimensionslosen Einheiten,z.B. von 0 - 10, anzeigbar. Die Spannung wird hierzu weiterhin parallel den Eingängeneinerseits einer Decoder- und Treiberschaltung 17 für die 7-Segment-Anzeige undandererseits einer Decoder- und Treiberschaltung 18 für ein sogenanntes Bar Graph,d.h. eine Leuchtdiodenzeile, die nach Art der bekannten LED-Aussteuerungsanzeigenarbeitet, zugeführt. Die entsprechenden Schaltungen sind dem Fachmann bekannt.The input power is still on a 7-segment display 15digital as well as via a line of LEDs 16 analog in dimensionless units,e.g. from 0 - 10, can be displayed. The voltage continues to be parallel to the inputson the one hand a decoder and driver circuit 17 for the 7-segment display andon the other hand a decoder and driver circuit 18 for a so-called bar graph,i.e. a line of LEDs that look like the known LED level indicatorsworks, fed. The corresponding circuits are known to the person skilled in the art.
In Fig. 5 ist eine weitere elektromechanische Lösung für die Fernsteuerungdargestellt. Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2 sind mit den Relaiswicklungen A' und A desRelais eines richtungsumkehrbaren Schrittschaltwerkes verbunden, zwischen dessenfeststehenden Kontaktpaaren aO bis an*1 ein beweglicher Kontakt a schrittweiseverschiebbarist, wobei jede Betätigung des Kontaktes K 1 einen Verschiebungsschritt in der einenRichtung, jede Betätigung des Kontaktes K 2 eine Verschiebung in der anderen Richtungbewirkt.In Fig. 5 is another electromechanical solution for the remote controlshown. The contacts K 1 and K 2 are connected to the relay windings A 'and A desRelay of a reversible stepping mechanism connected, between itsfixed contact pairs aO up to an * 1 a moving contact a step by stepmovableis, each actuation of the contact K 1 a displacement step in oneDirection, each actuation of the contact K 2 a shift in the other directioncauses.
Die Kontaktpaare aO bis an+1 liegen parallel zwischen Masse und denTeilwiderständen R 1 bis Rn einer Widerstandskette, deren erster Widerstand R 1mit dem Punkt I der Schaltung nach Fig. 1 und deren letzter Widerstand Rn mit Masseverbunden ist. Der einstellbare Widerstandswert wird also aus der Summe der jeweilsim Leitungszug liegenden Teilwiderstände gebildet. Das beschriebene Schrittschaltwerkspielt somit die Rolle der Schaltung -7 in Fig. 2.The contact pairs aO to an + 1 are parallel between ground and thePartial resistors R 1 to Rn of a resistor chain, the first resistor R 1with point I of the circuit according to FIG. 1 and its last resistor Rn with groundconnected is. The adjustable resistance value is therefore the sum of the respectivePartial resistances are formed in the cable run. The described stepper mechanismthus plays the role of circuit -7 in FIG. 2.
Fig. 6 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Schaltung 7 nachFig. 2. Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2 steuern hierbei einen Treppen-spannungsgenerator19, dessen Ausgang mit der Basis eines npn-Transistors 20 verbunden ist, dessenKollektor/Emitter-Strecke die Rolle des - in diesem Falle schrittweise - veränderlichenWiderstandswertes R spielt. Funktionsmäßig entspricht der Treppenspannungsgenerator19 dem Schrittschaltwerk nach Fig. 5, die Kollektor/Emitter-Strecke des Transistor20 der Widerstandskette in Fig. 5. Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Durchlaß widerstanddes Transistors 20 und dem an seiner Basis anliegenden, treppenförmigen Steuerstromkann durch bekannte Schaltungsmaßnahmen linearisiert werden. Anstelle des bipolarenTransistors 20 kann auch ein Feldeffekttransistor verwendet werden, der unmittelbarmit der Ausgangsspannung des Treppenspannungsgenerators 19 steuerbar ist und denVorteil einer höheren Linearität des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Steuerspannung unddem Durchlaßwiderstand seiner Source-Drain-Strecke hat. Der Treppenspannungsgenerator19 enthält einen Taktgeber, der die Ausgangsspannung schrittweise im vorgegebenenTakt jeweils um einen festen Betrag erhöht, solange der Kontakt K 1 gedrückt wird,hingegen vermindert, solange der Kontakt K 2 gedrückt wird.Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the circuit 7 according toFig. 2. The contacts K 1 and K 2 control a staircase voltage generator19, whose output is connected to the base of an npn transistor 20, whoseCollector / emitter path has the role of - in this case gradually - changeableResistance value R plays. Functionally corresponds to the staircase voltage generator19 the stepping mechanism according to FIG. 5, the collector / emitter path of the transistor20 of the resistance chain in Fig. 5. The relationship between the passage resistanceof the transistor 20 and the step-shaped control current applied to its basecan be linearized by known circuit measures. Instead of the bipolarTransistor 20 can also be a field effect transistor used directlyis controllable with the output voltage of the staircase voltage generator 19 and theAdvantage of a higher linearity of the relationship between the control voltage andthe forward resistance of its source-drain path. The staircase voltage generator19 contains a clock that the output voltage step by step in the specifiedCycle increased by a fixed amount as long as contact K 1 is pressed,however, reduced as long as the contact K 2 is pressed.
Während die in Fig. 6 wiedergegebene Schaltung weitgehend analog arbeitet,ist in Fig. 7 eine Ausführungsform mit weitgehend digitaler Arbeitsweise dargestellt.Die Kontakte K 1 und K 2sind hierbei mit den Steuereingängen einerDigitalschaltung 21 verbunden, die än ihrem Ausgang ein digital, z.B. -BCD-codiertesSignal oder Datenwort erzeugt, dessen Wert wächst, solange der Kontakt K 1 gedrücktwird, dessen Wert hingegen abnimmt, solange der Kontakt K 2 gedrückt wird. DiesesDatensignal wird seriell oder parallel einem Digital/Analogwandler 22 zugeführt,dessen Ausgangssignal den Durchlaßwiderstand eines Halbleiters 23, im Ausführungsbeispielwiederum einen npn-Transistor, steuert.While the circuit shown in Fig. 6 works largely analog,7 shows an embodiment with largely digital operation.The contacts K 1 and K 2are here with the control inputs oneDigital circuit 21 connected, which än its output a digital, e.g. BCD-codedSignal or data word generated, the value of which increases as long as contact K 1 is pressedthe value of which, however, decreases as long as contact K 2 is pressed. ThisData signal is fed serially or in parallel to a digital / analog converter 22,whose output signal is the forward resistance of a semiconductor 23, in the exemplary embodimentagain an npn transistor, controls.
Bei offenen Kontakten K 1, K 2 liegen die entsprechenden Eingängeder Digitalschaltung 21 über die Widerstände r an der Spannung +U, erhalten alsoden logischen Pegel H. Bei Schließen eines der Kontakte wird der betreffende Eingangauf Masse gelegt und befindet sich somit auf dem logischen Pegel L.When the contacts K 1, K 2 are open, the corresponding inputs are locatedthe digital circuit 21 via the resistors r to the voltage + U, thus obtainedthe logic level H. When one of the contacts closes, the relevant inputconnected to ground and is therefore at the logic level L.
Fig. 8 zeigt eine Abwandlung dieses Ausführungsbeispiels, bei derauf die Digitalschaltung 21 ein Decoder 23 folgt, der das von der Digitalschaltungim BCD-Code mit 8 it gelieferte Datenwort decodiert und eine dem jeweiligen Digitalwertan seinem Eingang entsprechende Signalverteilung an seinen Ausgängen B 1 bis B 8liefert. Jeder dieser Ausgänge ist mit der Basis eines zugehörigen Transistors T24 bis T 32 verbunden. Jeder dieser Transistoren steuert ein Relais A1 bis A8. Diezugehörigen Relaiskontakte a1 bis a8 liegen parallel zu den Teilwiderständen R1bis R8 einer Widerstandskette, deren Fußpunkt auf Masse liegt, während ihr obererAnschluß mit dem Punkt I der Schaltung nach Fig. 1 verbunden ist. Die Werte derTeilwiderstände folgen der geometrischen Reihe 2, 4, 8 ..., 2n> so daß der Zusammenhanggilt: R8 : 2#x R7; ...; R2 = 2 x R1. Der Decoder 23 setzt somit das von der Digitalschaltung21 gelieferte 8-Bit-Datenwort, das demnach 256 Werte annehmen kann, in den diesemDatenwort entsprechenden Widerstandswert um, und zwar durch Zusammensetzung diesesWiderstandswertes aus den betreffenden Teilwiderständen R1 bis R8.Fig. 8 shows a modification of this embodiment in whichthe digital circuit 21 is followed by a decoder 23, which is that of the digital circuitin the BCD code with 8 it delivered data word decoded and one to the respective digital valueat its input corresponding signal distribution at its outputs B 1 to B 8supplies. Each of these outputs is connected to the base of an associated transistor T.24 to T 32 connected. Each of these transistors controls a relay A1 to A8. theassociated relay contacts a1 to a8 are parallel to the partial resistors R1to R8 of a resistance chain, the base of which is on ground, while its upperTerminal is connected to point I of the circuit of FIG. The values of thePartial resistances follow the geometric series 2, 4, 8 ..., 2n> so that the relationshipthe following applies: R8: 2 # x R7; ...; R2 = 2 x R1. The decoder 23 thus sets that of the digital circuit21 delivered 8-bit data word, which can therefore assume 256 values, in thisData word corresponding resistance value, namely by composing thisResistance value from the relevant partial resistances R1 to R8.
Grundsätzlich können die Transistoren T 24 bis T 32 sowie die zugehörigenRelais A1 bis A8 mit den Kontakten °-1 bis o8 auch durch Optokoppler ersetzt werden.Letztere sind jedoch gegenüberEIF-Einstrahlungen und andere, indem Elektrochirurgiegerät entstehende Störspannungen empfindlicher als Relais.In principle, the transistors T 24 to T 32 and the associatedRelays A1 to A8 with contacts ° -1 to o8 can also be replaced by optocouplers.The latter, however, are oppositeEIF irradiation and others, inInterference voltages generated by the electrosurgical unit are more sensitive than relays.
Fig. 9 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Digitalschaltung 21.9 shows an exemplary embodiment for the digital circuit 21.
Sie besteht aus einem 8-Bit-AuSwärts/Abwärts-Zähler, der an seinemAusgang ein BCD-codiertes Datenwort entsprechend dem erreichten Zählerstand liefert,das über einen Datenbus DB einerseits dem Decoder 23 (vgl. Fig. 8) und andererseitsdem D/A-Wandlers 22 (vgl. Fig. 7) zugeführt wird, dessen analoge, dem eingestelltenWiderstandswert entsprechende Ausgangsspannung uR einer optischen Anzeige 25 undeiner akustischen Anzeige 26 zugeführt wird. Beide Anzeigen können dabei entsprechendFig. 4 ausgeführt sein. Alternativ hierzu kann die optische Anzeige auch direktan den Datenbus DB angeschlossen sein, wobei für eine Anzeige in dimensionslosenRelativwerten z.B. von 0 bis 10 eine Auswertung des höherwertigen Halbbyte sowiedie Verwendung einer 1 1/2 - stelligen 7-Segment-Anzeige genügt. Entsprechende integrierteSchaltungen sind handelsüblich.It consists of an 8-bit up / down counter that is attached to hisThe output supplies a BCD-coded data word corresponding to the count reached,via a data bus DB on the one hand to the decoder 23 (see FIG. 8) and on the other handthe D / A converter 22 (see. Fig. 7) is fed, its analog, the setResistance value corresponding output voltage uR of an optical display 25 andan acoustic display 26 is supplied. Both displays can be used accordinglyFig. 4 be executed. Alternatively, the visual display can also be used directlybe connected to the data bus DB, for a display in dimensionlessRelative values e.g. from 0 to 10 an evaluation of the more significant nibble as well asthe use of a 1 1/2 digit 7-segment display is sufficient. Corresponding integratedCircuits are customary in the trade.
Der Reset-Eingang des Zählers 24 ist mit einer nicht näher dargestelltenSchaltung verbunden, die bei jeder Anderung der Betriebsart des Elektrochirurgiegeräteseinen Resetimpuls R liefert.The reset input of the counter 24 has a not shown in detailCircuit connected with each change in the operating mode of the electrosurgical unita reset pulse R delivers.
Der Takteingang des Zählers 24 ist mit einem Taktgenerator 27 verbunden.Der Eingang "up" für die Zählrichtung"aufwärts"ist mit dem Kontakt K 1 verbunden.Der Eingang down für die Zählrichr tung "abwärts" ist mit dem Kontakt K 2 verbunden.Der Takteingang wird freigegeben, wenn entweder der Eingang up oder der Eingangdown bei Schließen des zugeordneten Kontaktes K 1 oder K 2 den Zustand L annehmen.Der Zähler zählt dann Von dem zuletzt erreichten und gespeicherten Zählerstand ausaufwärts bzw. abwärts bis der betreffende Kontakt wieder öffnet. Der erreichte Zählerstandwird als Datenwort im BCD-Code oder in jedem anderen geeigneten Code fortlaufendan den Datenbus DB abgegeben. Das Rücksetzen des Zählers 24 auf 0 bei jedem Wechselder Betriebsart verhindert, daß die Elektroden unbeabsichtigt mit einer zu hohen,nämlich/dem in der vorhergehenden Betriebsart erreichten Zählerstand entsprechendenAusgangsleistung aktiviert werden. Dieser Fall kann sehr leicht eintreten, wennvon der Betriebsart schneiden auf die Betriebsart koagulieren umgeschaltet wird,denn im ersteren Fall wird regelmäßig mit einer erheblichen, gegebenenfalls mehrals das Doppelte betragenden Ausgangsleistung als im letzteren Fall gearbeitet.Das Rücksetzen des Zählers bei jedem Wechsel der Betriebsart hat allerdings denNachteil, daß dann jedes Mal in der neuen Betriebsart die Ausgangsleistung durchBetätigung des Kontaktes K 1 von einem nahe bei Null liegenden Wert auf den erforderlichenBetriebswert gebracht werden muß.The clock input of the counter 24 is connected to a clock generator 27.The "up" input for the "up" counting direction is connected to contact K 1.The down input for the "down" counting direction is connected to contact K 2.The clock input is enabled when either the input is up or the inputdown when the assigned contact K 1 or K 2 is closed, assume the L state.The counter then counts from the last reached and saved counter readingup or down until the relevant contact opens again. The counter reading reachedis consecutive as a data word in BCD code or in any other suitable codedelivered to the data bus DB. Resetting the counter 24 to 0 with every changeoperating mode prevents the electrodes from being unintentionally applied with too high anamely / the count reached in the previous operating modeappropriateOutput power can be activated. This case can happen very easily, thoughthe cutting mode is switched to the coagulating mode,because in the first case it is regularly with a considerable, possibly moreworked as twice the output power than in the latter case.However, resetting the counter each time the operating mode is changed has theDisadvantage that the output power through each time in the new operating modeActuation of contact K 1 from a value close to zero to the required oneOperating value must be brought.
Diesen Nachteil vermeidet die in Fig. 10 dargestellte Schaltung.The circuit shown in FIG. 10 avoids this disadvantage.
An ihre Fernsteuereingänge E 1 und E 2 sind die hier aus Platzgründennicht mehr gezeichneten Kontakte K 1 und K 2 angeschlossen, die im betätigten Zustandden betreffenden Eingang mit Masse verbinden, also den über die Widerstände r erzeugtenRuhezustand H in den Zustand L ändern. An die Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge E3 bisES sind die Schalter S1 und S2 (Fig.1) mit nicht gezeichneten Hilfskontakten angeschlossen,die den Zustand des betreffenden Eingangs von H nach L ändern, wenn die zugehörige:#etriebsarteingeschaltet bzw. auf diese umgeschaltet wird.They are attached to their remote control inputs E 1 and E 2 for reasons of spaceContacts K 1 and K 2, no longer shown, are connected, in the actuated stateconnect the relevant input to ground, i.e. the one generated via the resistors rChange idle state H to state L. To the operating mode message inputs E3 toES switches S1 and S2 (Fig. 1) are connected with auxiliary contacts (not shown),which change the state of the relevant input from H to L if the associated: #operating modeis switched on or switched to this.
Die Schaltung umfaßt im wesentlichen einen#8-Bit-Zähler Z und fürjede Betriebsart ein D-Flipflop FF1 bis FF3 sowie einen zugeordneten DatenspeicherM I bis M III. In Abhängigkeit von dem logischen Zustand an seinen steuernden Eingängenzählt der Zähler die Impulse des Taktgenerators 27 und gibt den jeweils erreichtenZählerstand über seinen Ausgang Dout als Datenwort an den Datenbus DB 1 ab. Mitdem Datenbus ist einerseits eine Zählerendwertlogik 28 verbunden, die verhindert,daß der bei einem 8-Bit-Zähler maximal mögliche Zählerstand von 256 überschrittenwird und der Zähler Z somit als Ringzähler arbeitet; weiterhin besitzt der DatenbusDB 1 einen Anschluß für den Decoder 23 (Fig. 8, 9) sowie gegebenenfalls für denD/A-Wandler 22 (Fig. 9) und ist mit den Dateneingängen D n der Speicher M T bisM III verbunden. Deren Datenausgänge Dort sind über einen weiteren Datenbus D132 mit demDateneingang Din des Zählers Z verbunden. Die SpeicherM I bis M III speichern bei Übergang auf eine neue Betriebsart den jeweils in dervorhergehenden Betriebsart zuletzt erreichten Zählerstand in Form des entsprechendenDatenwortes, das bei Rückumschaltung auf die vorhergehende Betriebsart den ZählerZ über den Datenbus DB II auf den zuvor erreichten Wert voreinstellt. Eine Eingangskontrolle29 prüft den logischen Zustand der Betriebsarten-Meldeeingänge E3 bis E5 auf Plausibilität.The circuit essentially comprises a # 8-bit counter Z and foreach operating mode has a D flip-flop FF1 to FF3 and an associated data memoryM I to M III. Depending on the logic state at its controlling inputsthe counter counts the pulses of the clock generator 27 and gives the respective reachedCounter reading via its output Dout as a data word on the data bus DB 1. WithOn the one hand, a counter end value logic 28 is connected to the data bus, which preventsthat the maximum possible count of 256 with an 8-bit counter has been exceededand the counter Z thus works as a ring counter; still has the data busDB 1 a connection for the decoder 23 (Fig. 8, 9) and possibly for theD / A converter 22 (Fig. 9) and is with the data inputs D n of the memory M T bisM III connected. Their data outputs are there via a further data bus D132 with theData input Din of meter Z connected. The memoryWhen changing to a new operating mode, M I to M III save the one in theprevious operating mode, last counter reading reached in the form of the correspondingData word that the counter when switching back to the previous operating modeZ is preset to the previously reached value via the data bus DB II. An incoming inspection29 checks the logical status of the operating mode message inputs E3 to E5 for plausibility.
Die Schaltung arbeitet folgendermaßen, wobei positive Logik angenommenist und L den Binärwert 0, H den Binärwert 1 bedeuten: Bei dem Zähler Z dominiertdie Presetbedingung. Für Preset = H sind der Up/Down-Eingang und der Takteinganggesperrt. Über Din wird das auf dem Datenbus DB2 vorhandene Datenwort übernommen.The circuit works as follows, assuming positive logicis and L the binary value 0, H the binary value 1: The counter Z dominatesthe preset condition. For Preset = H, the Up / Down input and the clock input arelocked. The data word on the data bus DB2 is accepted via Din.
Preset = L sperrt Din und gibt DoUt sowie den Takteingang und denUp/Down-Eingang frei. Bei letzterem bedeutet L Aufwärtszählen, H Abwärtszählen.Bei den Speichern M I bis M III führt L am Eingang Dis zur Freigabe von Dort, Man Dis zur Sperrung von Dout L am Eingang St sperrt D/Din, H an St führt zur Übernahmedes Datenwortes über Din in den Speicher.Preset = L locks Din and gives DoUt as well as the clock input and theUp / down input free. In the latter case, L means counting up, H means counting down.In the memories M I to M III, L leads to the release of Dort, M at input Disto Dis to block Dout L at input St blocks D / Din, H to St leads to takeoverof the data word via Din in the memory.
L an einem der Eingänge der Eingangs kontrolle 29 führt zu H an demzugehörigen Ausgang Q2 bis Qq. Der Ausgang Q1 befindet sich nur dann auf H, wennnicht mehr als ein Eingang auf L liegt. Alle anderen Eingangszustände führen zuL an Q1 Im folgenden wird nun angenommen, daß L an E3 die Betriebsart "bipolar",L an E4 die Betriebsart "schneiden" und L an E5 die Betriebsart "koagulieren" bedeuten.Weiter wird angenommen, daß zunächst die Betriebsart "schneiden" gewählt war undder Zähler Z einen bestimmten Zählerstand erreicht hat. Nun werde auf die Betriebsart"bipolar" gewechselt. E4 wechselt dann von L nach H,E 3 von Hnach L. Da dieser Zustand ebenso wie der vorhergehende Zustand plausibel bzw. zulMssigist, bleibt Q1 auf H. Das Q 1 nachgeschaltete UND-Glied G 1 erhält von dem AusgangQdes nicht gesetzten Monoflops MF an seinem weiteren EinFang ebenfalls H und läßtdaher das an seinem dritten Eingang anliegende Takt-Signal des Taktgenerators 27durch, das somit auf die Takteingänge der hier interessierenden Flipflops FF1 undFF2 gelangt.L at one of the inputs of the input control 29 leads to H at theassociated output Q2 to Qq. Output Q1 is only high whenno more than one input is on L. All other input states lead toL at Q1 In the following it is now assumed that L at E3 is the operating mode "bipolar",L at E4 mean "cut" mode and L at E5 mean "coagulate" mode.It is also assumed that the "cutting" mode was initially selected andthe counter Z has reached a certain count. Now go to the mode of operation"bipolar" changed. E4 then changes from L to H,E 3 by HAccording to L. Since this state, like the previous state, is plausible or permissibleQ1 remains at H. The AND gate connected downstream of Q 1 receives G 1 from the outputQ of the unset monoflop MF at its further catch also H and leaveshence the clock signal of the clock generator 27 present at its third inputthrough, which is thus on the clock inputs of the flip-flops FF1 and interest hereFF2 reached.
Da der Ausgang Q3 der Eingangskontrolle 29 von H auf L wechselt, wirdFF2 zurückgesetzt, während FF1 von Q4 an seinem Eingang H erhält und daher gesetztwird. Sein Ausgang Q wechselt von H nach L, während gleichzeitig der Ausgang Q vonFF2 von L nach H wechselt. Über Dis von M II wird hierdurch die weitere Datenausgabegesperrt. Das H-Signal triggert über ein Tmpulsgatter IG? und ein ODER-Glied G2das Monoflop MF, so daß dessen Ausgang Q von H nach L wechselt und damit G1 fürdie Dauer der eingestellten Zeit für weitere Taktimpulse sperrt, während Q von MFgleichzeitig auf H geht. Der Ausgang Q von MF ist einerseits über ein ODER-GliedG6 mit dem Preseteingang des Zählers Z verbunden, so daß dieser während der Dauerder Betriebsartenumschaltung und der anschließenden Zeit bis zum Zurückkippen vonMF für Zählbefehle gesperrt bleibt; Q von MF ist weiterhin mit den ersten Eingängenvon drei NOR-Gliedern G3 bis G5 verbunden, von denen jedes dem Storeeingang St derSpeicher M 1 bis M ITT vorgeschaltet und mit seinem zweiten Eingang mit dem !\usg.nngq des hetrer fenden Flipflops FF1 bis P7 verbunden ist. Da das NOR-Glied G4 vonQ von FF2 nunmehr, d.h. nach dem Rückkippen von FF2, H erhält, wird unabhängig vondem an seinem ersten Eingang vorhandenen Zustand das zuletzt eingegebene Datenwortgespeichert und die weitere Dateneingabe gesperrt, während der gleiche Wert H andem Eingang Dis die weitere Datenausgabe sperrt.Since the output Q3 of the input control 29 changes from H to L, willFF2 reset, while FF1 receives a H at its input from Q4 and is therefore setwill. Its output Q changes from H to L, while at the same time the output Q changes fromFF2 changes from L to H. As a result, the further data output is via Dis of M IIlocked. The H signal triggers via a pulse gate IG? and an OR gate G2the monoflop MF, so that its output Q changes from H to L and thus G1 forblocks the duration of the set time for further clock pulses, while Q of MFgoes to H at the same time. The output Q from MF is on the one hand via an OR gateG6 connected to the preset input of the counter Z, so that it can be used for the durationthe operating mode switchover and the subsequent time until tilting backMF remains blocked for counting commands; Q from MF is still with the first inputsconnected by three NOR gates G3 to G5, each of which is connected to the store input StMemory M 1 to M ITT connected upstream and with its second input with the! \ Usg.nngq of the hetrer fenden flip-flop FF1 to P7 is connected. Since the NOR gate G4 ofQ now receives H from FF2, i.e. after FF2 tilts back, becomes independent ofthe last entered data word according to the status present at its first inputsaved and further data entry blocked while the same value H is onthe input Dis blocks further data output.
Somit ist in M II der letzte Zählerstand in der Betriebsart schneidengespeichert.The last counter reading in the cutting mode is thus in M IIsaved.
Der der neuen Betriebsart "bipolar" zugeordnete Speicher M 1 erhälthingegen jetzt von O von FF1 an seinem Eingang Dis ein Signal L, so daß Dout freigegebenund das gespeicherte Datenwort über DB2 an den sich im Presetzustandbefindenden Zähler Z zu dessen Voreinstellung übertragen wird. Bis zum Rückkippenvon MF bleibt hierbei D. von MI gesperrt, da der zugehörige Storein eingang St erstdann von L auf H wechselt und damit Din freigibt, wenn MF zurückkippt und damitan beiden Eingängen des NOR-Gliedes G3 der Pegel L anliegt. Mit dem Rückkippen vonMF ist somit einerseits die Voreinstellung von Z abgeschlossen und andererseitsder MI zur Einspeicherung eines neuen Datenwortes bereit.The memory M 1 assigned to the new "bipolar" operating mode receiveson the other hand, a signal L now from O of FF1 at its input Dis, so that Dout is releasedand the stored data wordvia DB2 to which is in the preset statelocated counter Z is transferred to its presetting. Until you tip backFrom MF, D. from MI remains blocked, since the associated Storein input St onlythen changes from L to H and thus releases Din when MF tilts back and with itthe level L is present at both inputs of the NOR element G3. With the tilting back ofMF the presetting of Z is thus completed on the one hand and on the other handthe MI is ready to store a new data word.
Undefinierte oder unzulässige Betriebszustände hinsichtlich der gewähltenBetriebsart schließt die Schaltung einerseits über die bereits erwähnte Eingangskontrolle29 und andererseits über ein U2JD-Glied G7, dessen drei Eingänge mit den Q-Ausgängenvon FF1 bis FF3 verbunden sind, aus. Der Ausgang dieses UND-Gliedes G7 ist überdas ODER-Glied O6 mit dem Preseteingang von Z verbunden, bringt also den Zählerin den Presetzustand, wenn alle Ausgänge Q von FF1 bis FF3 sich auf H befinden.Dieser im Normalfall nicht auftretende Zustand kann sich beispielsweise nach demEinschalten der Betriebsspannung oder aufgrund irgendwelcher Störimpulse ergeben.Ebenso ist Vorsorge getroffen, daß der Zählerstand sich nicht verändern kann, solangenicht entweder an dem Eingang El oder an dem Eingang E2 der Zustand L herrscht.Hierzu dient ein Exklusiv-NOR-Glied G8, das mit den Eingängen El und E2 sowie mitseinem Ausgang über G6 mit dem Preseteingang des Zählers verbunden ist. Sowohl derZustand H auf beiden Eingängen Ei, E2 als auch der Zustand L (also beide KontakteKl, K2 aus den vorhergehenden Figuren versehentlich gleichzeitig gedrückt) läßtden Ausgang von G8 von L nach H wechseln. Der Eingang E2 ist einerseits mit derZählerendwert-Logik 28, andererseits mit dem Up/down-Eingang des Zählers Z verbunden.Die Zählrichtung "auSwärts" wird dadurch erkannt, daß bei aufgehobener PresetbedingungE2 auf 1I bleibt. Dieser Zustand ist aber nur bei Drücken des Kontaktes Kl, d.h.bei El auf L, möglich. Der Zählbefehl "abwärts" wird umgekehrt an der Aufhebungder Presetbedingung und dem Zustand L an E2 erkannt.Undefined or impermissible operating states with regard to the selectedOperating mode closes the circuit on the one hand via the input control already mentioned29 and on the other hand via a U2JD element G7, its three inputs with the Q outputsconnected from FF1 to FF3. The output of this AND gate G7 is overthe OR gate O6 is connected to the preset input of Z, so it brings the counterinto the preset state when all outputs Q from FF1 to FF3 are high.This state, which does not normally occur, can, for example, afterTurning on the operating voltage or due to any interference pulses.Provision has also been made that the counter reading cannot change for as longthe state L does not prevail either at the input E1 or at the input E2.An exclusive NOR element G8 is used for this purpose, with inputs E1 and E2 as well as withits output is connected to the preset input of the counter via G6. Both theState H on both inputs Ei, E2 as well as state L (i.e. both contactsKl, K2 from the previous figures accidentally pressed at the same time)change the output of G8 from L to H. The input E2 is on the one hand with theCounter end value logic 28, on the other hand connected to the up / down input of the counter Z.The counting direction "upwards" is recognized by the fact that when the preset condition is canceledE2 remains on 1I. This state is only possible when the contact Kl is pressed, i.e.with El on L, possible. The "down" counting command is reversed when it is canceledthe preset condition and the state L recognized at E2.
Die Zählerendwert-Logik 28 vergleicht das von dem Datenbus DB1 erhalteneDatenwort mit denjvorgegebenen unteren und oberen Grenzwert und sperrt bei Erreichendes unteren Grenzwertes und einem weiteren Zählbefehl "abwärts" sowie bei Erreichendes oberen Grenzwertes und einem weiteren Befehl "auSwärts" über ein UND-Glied G9den Takteingang des Zählers Z für die weiteren Taktimpulse.The counter end value logic 28 compares that received from the data bus DB1Data word with the specified lower and upper limit value and blocks when it is reachedof the lower limit value and a further "downwards" counting command as well as when it is reachedof the upper limit value and a further command "outwards" via an AND element G9the clock input of the counter Z for the further clock pulses.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803045996DE3045996A1 (en) | 1980-12-05 | 1980-12-05 | Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803045996DE3045996A1 (en) | 1980-12-05 | 1980-12-05 | Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3045996A1true DE3045996A1 (en) | 1982-07-08 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803045996WithdrawnDE3045996A1 (en) | 1980-12-05 | 1980-12-05 | Electro-surgical scalpel instrument - has power supply remotely controlled by surgeon |
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| DE (1) | DE3045996A1 (en) |
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