Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotations- Procedure for measuring the volume of rotational
symmetrischen Körpern Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur schnellenund einfachen Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischen Körpern, z.B. vonTropfen flüssigen Glases, durch Auswertung des Bildes des Körpers mit fernseh- unddigitaltechnischen Methoden. symmetrical bodies The invention relates to a method for rapidand simple measurement of the volume of rotationally symmetrical bodies, e.g. ofDrops of liquid glass, by evaluating the image of the body with television anddigital technical methods.
Die genaue Messung und Einstellung des Volumens eines Tropfens istvon besonderer Bedeutung in der Glasindustrie. Die Größe des Tropfens bestimmt dieWandstärke, damit die Stabilität und das Volumen, von Gefäßen, die aus dem Tropfenflüssigen Glases hergestellt werden. Ein schnelles Meßverfahren für das Tropfenvolumenermöglicht die genaue Einstellung des Volumens für jeden einzelnen Tropfen.The exact measurement and adjustment of the volume of a drop isof particular importance in the glass industry. The size of the drop determines thatWall thickness, so that the stability and volume, of vessels that are made of the dropliquid glass. A quick method of measuring drop volumeallows the exact setting of the volume for each individual drop.
Bei den heute üblichen Verfahren,z.B. mittels Wägung, ist die schnelleMessung des Volumens eines einzelnen Tropfens nicht möglich. Die Dosiereinrichtungwird fest eingestellt und an die Eigenschaften des flüssigen Materials, z.B. dietemperatur- und zusammensetzungsabhängige Viskosität, angepaßt.With the methods common today, e.g. by means of weighing is the quick oneCannot measure the volume of a single drop. The dosing deviceis fixed and adapted to the properties of the liquid material, e.g. thetemperature and composition dependent viscosity, adapted.
Heute zur Verfügung stehende Verfahren der Fernsehtechnik und derschnellen Digitalelektronik ermöglichen die rasche Auswertung von Bildern (tgloDT-OS 2 500 182). Eine besonders günstige Lösung für die vorliegende Aufgabe ergibtsich, wenn die Düse, aus der der Tropfen austritt, kreisrund und senkrecht nachunten gerichtet ist. Das Prinzip der Erfindung wird nachfolgend am Beispiel derVolumenmessung eines Glastropfens beschrieben.Methods of television technology and of thefast digital electronics enable the quick evaluation of images (tgloDT-OS 2 500 182). A particularly favorable solution for the task at hand resultsif the nozzle from which the drop emerges is circular and perpendiculardirected downwards. The principle of the invention is illustrated below using the example ofVolume measurement of a glass drop described.
In Figo 1 ist eine senkrecht stehende Düse 1 dargestellt, aus derein Tropfen 2 aus flüssigem Glas ausgedrückt wird0 Wegendes kreisförmigenQuerschnitts der Düse bildet sich unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft und der Oberflächenspannungein Tropfen, der rotationssymmetrisch zu der senkrechten Achse 3 ist.In Figo 1, a vertical nozzle 1 is shown, from thea drop 2 of liquid glass is expressed 0 waysof the circularCross section of the nozzle is formed under the influence of gravity and surface tensiona drop that is rotationally symmetrical to the vertical axis 3.
Durch einen horizontal beweglichen Schieber 4 kann der Tropfen vonder Düse 1 getrennt werden.By means of a horizontally movable slide 4, the drop ofthe nozzle 1 can be disconnected.
Wegen der hohen Temperatur des flüssigen Glases strahlt der Tropfen,insbesondere am langwelligen Ende des sichtbaren und im infraroten Spektralbereich.Der Hintergrund 5 wird dunkel gehalten. Durch das Objektiv einer handelsüblichenFernsehkamera, ggfs. unter Verwendung eines Farbfilters, wird der durch das Rechteck6 berandete Bereich auf eine Bildwandlerröhre, z.B. ein Vidikon, abgebildet. Beider Abtastung des Bildes nach einem Fernsehraster schneiden die einzelnen Zeilendas Bild des Tropfens. Die eingezeichnete Zeile 7 geht am Punkt 8 vom dunklen Hintergrundauf den hell strahlenden Tropfen über und tritt am Punkt 9 wieder in den Hintergrundein. Der grundsätzliche Verlauf des Videosignales der Zeile 7 ist in Figur 2 dargestellt.An den den Punkten 8 und 9 entsprechenden Zeitpunkten t1 und t2 tritt ein Sprungauf. Durch eine Schwelle 10 können die Zeitpunkte t1 und t2 erfaßt werden; die Differenzly = t2 - t1 kann in bekannter Weise durch einen elektronischen Zähler gemessenwerden, der zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestartet, zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestoppt wird und der inder dazwischenliegender Zeit die Zahl der Perioden einer genügend hochfrequentenperiodischen Spannung zählt. Die Differenz T ist proportional dem Durchmesser desKreises, den die Zeile 7 auf dem rotationssymmetrischen Tropfen bestimmt.Because of the high temperature of the liquid glass, the drop shines,especially at the long-wave end of the visible and in the infrared spectral range.The background 5 is kept dark. Through the lens of a commercially availableTV camera, if necessary using a color filter, is indicated by the rectangle6 bordered area shown on an image converter tube, e.g. a vidicon. atthe scanning of the image according to a television grid cut the individual linesthe image of the drop. Line 7 drawn goes from the dark background at point 8to the brightly radiating drop and recede into the background at point 9a. The basic course of the video signal of line 7 is shown in FIG.A jump occurs at times t1 and t2 corresponding to points 8 and 9on. The times t1 and t2 can be detected by a threshold 10; the differencely = t2 - t1 can be measured in a known manner by an electronic counterwhich is started at time t1, stopped at time t1 and the inthe intervening time is the number of periods of a sufficiently high frequencyperiodic voltage counts. The difference T is proportional to the diameter of theCircle determined by line 7 on the rotationally symmetrical drop.
Aus den bei allen Zeilen des Fernsehbildes durch die obige Zählschaltunggemessenen Durchmessern ergibt sich das Volumen V des Tropfens nach der BeziehungDabei ist p die laufende Nummer der Fernsehzeile,l/g die dazu gehörende Zeitdifferenz.In der durch Eichung festzustellendenKonstanten K sind u.a. derAbbildungsmaßstab und die Konstante T enthalten.From the diameters measured by the above counting circuit for all lines of the television picture, the volume V of the drop results from the relationship Here p is the serial number of the television line, l / g the associated time difference. The constant K to be determined by calibration includes the image scale and the constant T, among other things.
Für die elektronische Realisierung ergibt sich das in Fig. 3 dargestellteBlockschaltbild. Das Ausgangssignal der Fernsehkamera 11 wird einem Schwelldiskriminator12 zugeführt, der den Zähler 13 in der beschriebenen Weise ansteuert. Die vom Oszillator14 gelieferte periodische Spannung wird dem Zähleingang des Zählers 13 zugeführt.Die Zählergebnisse der einzelnen Zeilen werden im Quadrierer 15 quadriert; im Zähler16 werden die Quadrate während eines Fernsehbild-Durchgangs addiert. Die Endsummeist proportional dem Volumen des Tropfens.That shown in FIG. 3 results for the electronic implementationBlock diagram. The output signal of the television camera 11 becomes a threshold discriminator12 supplied, which controls the counter 13 in the manner described. The one from the oscillatorThe periodic voltage supplied is fed to the counting input of the counter 13.The counting results of the individual lines are squared in the squarer 15; in the counter16 the squares are added during a television picture pass. The grand totalis proportional to the volume of the drop.
Ein Teil der Baugruppen 12 bis 16 kann auch durch einen Mikroprozessorrealisiert werden. Bei der üblichen Fernsehnorm ist alle 20 m sec eine Messung desVolumens möglich; die erforderliche Zeit zur Bildung des Volumens V nach der angegebenenFormel beträgt bei heutigen schnellen Digital schaltungen wenige Millisekunden.A part of the assemblies 12 to 16 can also be carried out by a microprocessorwill be realized. With the usual television standard there is a measurement of the every 20 m secVolume possible; the time required to form the volume V after the specifiedWith today's fast digital circuits, the formula is a few milliseconds.
Wenn der gemessene Wert des Volumens eine vorgegebene Größe erreichthat, kann mit dem Schieber 4 der Tropfen abgetrennt und weiterverarbeitet werden.When the measured value of the volume reaches a predetermined sizehas, the drop can be separated with the slide 4 and processed further.
Bei der Messung des Volumens von Tropfen anderer Substanzen kann durchgeeignete Farbe des Hintergrundes und durch Beleuchtungsmaßnahmen erreicht werden,daß die Begrenzungen des Tropfens durch eine Schwellwertoperation nach Fig. 2 erfaßtwerden können.When measuring the volume of drops of other substances can bysuitable color of the background and lighting measures can be achieved,that the boundaries of the drop are detected by a threshold operation according to FIGcan be.
Die niedrigen Kosten für Digitalschaltungen erlauben heute eine preisgünstigeRealisierung eines Gerätes nach Fig. 3 Bei nicht rotationssymmetrischen Körpernkann eine gute Näherung der Volumenmessung erzielt werden, wenn der Körper aus zweizueinander senkrechten Richtungen und zwei Fernsehkameras beobachtet wird.The low costs for digital circuits now allow an inexpensive oneRealization of a device according to FIG. 3 in the case of non-rotationally symmetrical bodiesa good approximation of the volume measurement can be obtained when the body is made up of twomutually perpendicular directions and two television cameras is observed.
L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762631951DE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals | 
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762631951DE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals | 
| Publication Number | Publication Date | 
|---|---|
| DE2631951A1true DE2631951A1 (en) | 1978-01-19 | 
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762631951CeasedDE2631951A1 (en) | 1976-07-15 | 1976-07-15 | Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals | 
| Country | Link | 
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2631951A1 (en) | 
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2935941A1 (en)* | 1978-11-08 | 1980-05-14 | Owens Illinois Inc | MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS | 
| WO1990005033A1 (en)* | 1988-10-17 | 1990-05-17 | Micro Robotics Systems Inc. | Method for controlling accurate dispensing of adhesive droplets | 
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| EP0722078A3 (en)* | 1995-01-12 | 1998-07-15 | Erin Technologies, Inc. | Gob measuring apparatus | 
| DE10312550B3 (en)* | 2003-03-21 | 2004-07-29 | Heye International Gmbh | Device for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface | 
| US20120013735A1 (en)* | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Kai Tao | IV monitoring by video and image processing | 
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| DE2935941A1 (en)* | 1978-11-08 | 1980-05-14 | Owens Illinois Inc | MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS | 
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| DE10312550B3 (en)* | 2003-03-21 | 2004-07-29 | Heye International Gmbh | Device for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface | 
| US20120013735A1 (en)* | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Kai Tao | IV monitoring by video and image processing | 
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| Date | Code | Title | Description | 
|---|---|---|---|
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| 8131 | Rejection |