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DE2631951A1 - Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals - Google Patents

Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals

Info

Publication number
DE2631951A1
DE2631951A1DE19762631951DE2631951ADE2631951A1DE 2631951 A1DE2631951 A1DE 2631951A1DE 19762631951DE19762631951DE 19762631951DE 2631951 ADE2631951 ADE 2631951ADE 2631951 A1DE2631951 A1DE 2631951A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
volume
drop
measuring
drops
rotationally symmetrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19762631951
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Alfred Dr Ing Schief
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eVfiledCriticalFraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE19762631951priorityCriticalpatent/DE2631951A1/en
Publication of DE2631951A1publicationCriticalpatent/DE2631951A1/en
Ceasedlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

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Abstract

The drop and/or its background is illuminated to provide a high contrast image for the image converter tube of a television camera. The video signals are subjected to a threshold value operation and a time measuring circuit which determines the time taken by each line or trace to cross the drop. The times are each electronically squared and fed to a summing network for addn. The electronic circuits required pref. include digital circuits or microprocessors; for drops radiating heat, e.g. molten glass drops. the background is pref. dark and a colour filter used to obtain a high contrast image. Measuring errors due to deviations from the rotational symmetry of the drop are pref. reduced by taking the picture in two directions aligned at 90 degrees to each other. The exact measurement of a gob is very important in the glass industry, as it determines the wall thickness of a vessel made from the gob. The invention provides a rapid and simple method.

Description

Translated fromGerman

Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotations- Procedure for measuring the volume of rotational

symmetrischen Körpern Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur schnellenund einfachen Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischen Körpern, z.B. vonTropfen flüssigen Glases, durch Auswertung des Bildes des Körpers mit fernseh- unddigitaltechnischen Methoden. symmetrical bodies The invention relates to a method for rapidand simple measurement of the volume of rotationally symmetrical bodies, e.g. ofDrops of liquid glass, by evaluating the image of the body with television anddigital technical methods.

Die genaue Messung und Einstellung des Volumens eines Tropfens istvon besonderer Bedeutung in der Glasindustrie. Die Größe des Tropfens bestimmt dieWandstärke, damit die Stabilität und das Volumen, von Gefäßen, die aus dem Tropfenflüssigen Glases hergestellt werden. Ein schnelles Meßverfahren für das Tropfenvolumenermöglicht die genaue Einstellung des Volumens für jeden einzelnen Tropfen.The exact measurement and adjustment of the volume of a drop isof particular importance in the glass industry. The size of the drop determines thatWall thickness, so that the stability and volume, of vessels that are made of the dropliquid glass. A quick method of measuring drop volumeallows the exact setting of the volume for each individual drop.

Bei den heute üblichen Verfahren,z.B. mittels Wägung, ist die schnelleMessung des Volumens eines einzelnen Tropfens nicht möglich. Die Dosiereinrichtungwird fest eingestellt und an die Eigenschaften des flüssigen Materials, z.B. dietemperatur- und zusammensetzungsabhängige Viskosität, angepaßt.With the methods common today, e.g. by means of weighing is the quick oneCannot measure the volume of a single drop. The dosing deviceis fixed and adapted to the properties of the liquid material, e.g. thetemperature and composition dependent viscosity, adapted.

Heute zur Verfügung stehende Verfahren der Fernsehtechnik und derschnellen Digitalelektronik ermöglichen die rasche Auswertung von Bildern (tgloDT-OS 2 500 182). Eine besonders günstige Lösung für die vorliegende Aufgabe ergibtsich, wenn die Düse, aus der der Tropfen austritt, kreisrund und senkrecht nachunten gerichtet ist. Das Prinzip der Erfindung wird nachfolgend am Beispiel derVolumenmessung eines Glastropfens beschrieben.Methods of television technology and of thefast digital electronics enable the quick evaluation of images (tgloDT-OS 2 500 182). A particularly favorable solution for the task at hand resultsif the nozzle from which the drop emerges is circular and perpendiculardirected downwards. The principle of the invention is illustrated below using the example ofVolume measurement of a glass drop described.

In Figo 1 ist eine senkrecht stehende Düse 1 dargestellt, aus derein Tropfen 2 aus flüssigem Glas ausgedrückt wird0 Wegendes kreisförmigenQuerschnitts der Düse bildet sich unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft und der Oberflächenspannungein Tropfen, der rotationssymmetrisch zu der senkrechten Achse 3 ist.In Figo 1, a vertical nozzle 1 is shown, from thea drop 2 of liquid glass is expressed 0 waysof the circularCross section of the nozzle is formed under the influence of gravity and surface tensiona drop that is rotationally symmetrical to the vertical axis 3.

Durch einen horizontal beweglichen Schieber 4 kann der Tropfen vonder Düse 1 getrennt werden.By means of a horizontally movable slide 4, the drop ofthe nozzle 1 can be disconnected.

Wegen der hohen Temperatur des flüssigen Glases strahlt der Tropfen,insbesondere am langwelligen Ende des sichtbaren und im infraroten Spektralbereich.Der Hintergrund 5 wird dunkel gehalten. Durch das Objektiv einer handelsüblichenFernsehkamera, ggfs. unter Verwendung eines Farbfilters, wird der durch das Rechteck6 berandete Bereich auf eine Bildwandlerröhre, z.B. ein Vidikon, abgebildet. Beider Abtastung des Bildes nach einem Fernsehraster schneiden die einzelnen Zeilendas Bild des Tropfens. Die eingezeichnete Zeile 7 geht am Punkt 8 vom dunklen Hintergrundauf den hell strahlenden Tropfen über und tritt am Punkt 9 wieder in den Hintergrundein. Der grundsätzliche Verlauf des Videosignales der Zeile 7 ist in Figur 2 dargestellt.An den den Punkten 8 und 9 entsprechenden Zeitpunkten t1 und t2 tritt ein Sprungauf. Durch eine Schwelle 10 können die Zeitpunkte t1 und t2 erfaßt werden; die Differenzly = t2 - t1 kann in bekannter Weise durch einen elektronischen Zähler gemessenwerden, der zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestartet, zum Zeitpunkt t1 gestoppt wird und der inder dazwischenliegender Zeit die Zahl der Perioden einer genügend hochfrequentenperiodischen Spannung zählt. Die Differenz T ist proportional dem Durchmesser desKreises, den die Zeile 7 auf dem rotationssymmetrischen Tropfen bestimmt.Because of the high temperature of the liquid glass, the drop shines,especially at the long-wave end of the visible and in the infrared spectral range.The background 5 is kept dark. Through the lens of a commercially availableTV camera, if necessary using a color filter, is indicated by the rectangle6 bordered area shown on an image converter tube, e.g. a vidicon. atthe scanning of the image according to a television grid cut the individual linesthe image of the drop. Line 7 drawn goes from the dark background at point 8to the brightly radiating drop and recede into the background at point 9a. The basic course of the video signal of line 7 is shown in FIG.A jump occurs at times t1 and t2 corresponding to points 8 and 9on. The times t1 and t2 can be detected by a threshold 10; the differencely = t2 - t1 can be measured in a known manner by an electronic counterwhich is started at time t1, stopped at time t1 and the inthe intervening time is the number of periods of a sufficiently high frequencyperiodic voltage counts. The difference T is proportional to the diameter of theCircle determined by line 7 on the rotationally symmetrical drop.

Aus den bei allen Zeilen des Fernsehbildes durch die obige Zählschaltunggemessenen Durchmessern ergibt sich das Volumen V des Tropfens nach der BeziehungDabei ist p die laufende Nummer der Fernsehzeile,l/g die dazu gehörende Zeitdifferenz.In der durch Eichung festzustellendenKonstanten K sind u.a. derAbbildungsmaßstab und die Konstante T enthalten.From the diameters measured by the above counting circuit for all lines of the television picture, the volume V of the drop results from the relationship Here p is the serial number of the television line, l / g the associated time difference. The constant K to be determined by calibration includes the image scale and the constant T, among other things.

Für die elektronische Realisierung ergibt sich das in Fig. 3 dargestellteBlockschaltbild. Das Ausgangssignal der Fernsehkamera 11 wird einem Schwelldiskriminator12 zugeführt, der den Zähler 13 in der beschriebenen Weise ansteuert. Die vom Oszillator14 gelieferte periodische Spannung wird dem Zähleingang des Zählers 13 zugeführt.Die Zählergebnisse der einzelnen Zeilen werden im Quadrierer 15 quadriert; im Zähler16 werden die Quadrate während eines Fernsehbild-Durchgangs addiert. Die Endsummeist proportional dem Volumen des Tropfens.That shown in FIG. 3 results for the electronic implementationBlock diagram. The output signal of the television camera 11 becomes a threshold discriminator12 supplied, which controls the counter 13 in the manner described. The one from the oscillatorThe periodic voltage supplied is fed to the counting input of the counter 13.The counting results of the individual lines are squared in the squarer 15; in the counter16 the squares are added during a television picture pass. The grand totalis proportional to the volume of the drop.

Ein Teil der Baugruppen 12 bis 16 kann auch durch einen Mikroprozessorrealisiert werden. Bei der üblichen Fernsehnorm ist alle 20 m sec eine Messung desVolumens möglich; die erforderliche Zeit zur Bildung des Volumens V nach der angegebenenFormel beträgt bei heutigen schnellen Digital schaltungen wenige Millisekunden.A part of the assemblies 12 to 16 can also be carried out by a microprocessorwill be realized. With the usual television standard there is a measurement of the every 20 m secVolume possible; the time required to form the volume V after the specifiedWith today's fast digital circuits, the formula is a few milliseconds.

Wenn der gemessene Wert des Volumens eine vorgegebene Größe erreichthat, kann mit dem Schieber 4 der Tropfen abgetrennt und weiterverarbeitet werden.When the measured value of the volume reaches a predetermined sizehas, the drop can be separated with the slide 4 and processed further.

Bei der Messung des Volumens von Tropfen anderer Substanzen kann durchgeeignete Farbe des Hintergrundes und durch Beleuchtungsmaßnahmen erreicht werden,daß die Begrenzungen des Tropfens durch eine Schwellwertoperation nach Fig. 2 erfaßtwerden können.When measuring the volume of drops of other substances can bysuitable color of the background and lighting measures can be achieved,that the boundaries of the drop are detected by a threshold operation according to FIGcan be.

Die niedrigen Kosten für Digitalschaltungen erlauben heute eine preisgünstigeRealisierung eines Gerätes nach Fig. 3 Bei nicht rotationssymmetrischen Körpernkann eine gute Näherung der Volumenmessung erzielt werden, wenn der Körper aus zweizueinander senkrechten Richtungen und zwei Fernsehkameras beobachtet wird.The low costs for digital circuits now allow an inexpensive oneRealization of a device according to FIG. 3 in the case of non-rotationally symmetrical bodiesa good approximation of the volume measurement can be obtained when the body is made up of twomutually perpendicular directions and two television cameras is observed.

L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e

Claims (3)

Translated fromGerman
Patentansprüche Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetri--- schen Körpern, z.B. von Tropfen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Beleuchtungsmaßnahmenund/oder Gestaltung des optischen hintergrundes des Körpers ein konstrastreichesBild auf der Bildwandlerröhre einer Fernsehkamera erzeugt wird, daß aus dem Videosignaldurch eine Schweliwertoperation und durch eine Zeitmeßschaltung die Zeitdauer bestimmtwird, während der jede Zeile des Fernsehbildes das Bild des Körpers überquert, daßdiese Zeitdauern für jede Zeile einzeln elektronisch quadriert werden und daß miteinem Summierer die Summe der Quadrate aller Zeilen gebildet wird. Claims method for measuring the volume of rotationally symmetrical-- bodies, e.g. of drops, characterized by the fact that lighting measuresand / or design of the optical background of the body is rich in contrastImage on the image converter tube of a television camera is generated from the video signaldetermined by a threshold operation and by a time measuring circuit the durationduring which each line of the television picture crosses the picture of the body thatthese time periods are individually squared electronically for each line and that withthe sum of the squares of all rows is formed using a summer.2. Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischen Körpern,z.B. von Tropfen, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erforderlichenelektronischen Schaltungen zur Zeitmessung, Quadrierung und Addition ganz oder teilweisedurch Digitaischaltungen oder Mikroprozessoren realisiert werden.2. Procedure for measuring the volume of rotationally symmetrical bodies,e.g. of drops, according to claim 1, characterized in that the necessaryelectronic circuits for time measurement, squaring and addition in whole or in partcan be realized by digital circuits or microprocessors.3. Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischen KQlern,z.B. von Tropfen, nach den Ansprüchen hen 1 und 2, dadurch gtakennzeichnet daß beithermisch strahlenden Körpern, z.B. bei flüssigen Glastropfen, der Hintergrund dunkelgehalten wird und durch angepaßte Farbfilter ein konstrastreiches Bild erzeugt wird.3. Procedure for measuring the volume of rotationally symmetrical KQlers,e.g. of drops, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that atthermally radiating bodies, e.g. liquid glass drops, the background is darkis held and a high-contrast image is generated by adapted color filters. 4o Verfahren zur Messung des Volumens von rotationssymmetrischenKörpern, z.B. von Tropfen, nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß Meßfehler, die durch Abweichungen von der Rotationssymmetrie bedingt sind, durchErfassung des Bildes des Körpers aus zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen reduziertwerden. 4o method for measuring the volume of rotationally symmetricalBodies, e.g. of drops, according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthat measurement errors caused by deviations from the rotational symmetry throughCapture of the image of the body from two mutually perpendicular directions is reducedwill.
DE197626319511976-07-151976-07-15Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signalsCeasedDE2631951A1 (en)

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Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
DE19762631951DE2631951A1 (en)1976-07-151976-07-15Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals

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DE19762631951DE2631951A1 (en)1976-07-151976-07-15Measuring the volume of a drop, esp. a glass gob - using a television camera and an electronic circuit processing the video signals

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DE2631951A1true DE2631951A1 (en)1978-01-19

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
DE2935941A1 (en)*1978-11-081980-05-14Owens Illinois Inc MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS
WO1990005033A1 (en)*1988-10-171990-05-17Micro Robotics Systems Inc.Method for controlling accurate dispensing of adhesive droplets
WO1992020994A1 (en)*1991-05-221992-11-26Bh-F (Engineering) LimitedGob weight and dimension sensor
EP0722078A3 (en)*1995-01-121998-07-15Erin Technologies, Inc.Gob measuring apparatus
DE10312550B3 (en)*2003-03-212004-07-29Heye International GmbhDevice for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface
US20120013735A1 (en)*2010-07-152012-01-19Kai TaoIV monitoring by video and image processing
EP2447224A1 (en)*2010-10-272012-05-02Saint-Gobain Oberland AGGlass machine for producing container glass
US9372486B2 (en)2011-12-212016-06-21Deka Products Limited PartnershipSystem, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9435455B2 (en)2011-12-212016-09-06Deka Products Limited PartnershipSystem, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9724467B2 (en)2011-12-212017-08-08Deka Products Limited PartnershipFlow meter
US9746093B2 (en)2011-12-212017-08-29Deka Products Limited PartnershipFlow meter and related system and apparatus
US9746094B2 (en)2011-12-212017-08-29Deka Products Limited PartnershipFlow meter having a background pattern with first and second portions
US9759343B2 (en)2012-12-212017-09-12Deka Products Limited PartnershipFlow meter using a dynamic background image
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US10488848B2 (en)2011-12-212019-11-26Deka Products Limited PartnershipSystem, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
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Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
DE2935941A1 (en)*1978-11-081980-05-14Owens Illinois Inc MEASURING THE VOLUME AND SHAPE OF A LOT OF GLASS
WO1990005033A1 (en)*1988-10-171990-05-17Micro Robotics Systems Inc.Method for controlling accurate dispensing of adhesive droplets
WO1992020994A1 (en)*1991-05-221992-11-26Bh-F (Engineering) LimitedGob weight and dimension sensor
EP0722078A3 (en)*1995-01-121998-07-15Erin Technologies, Inc.Gob measuring apparatus
DE10312550B3 (en)*2003-03-212004-07-29Heye International GmbhDevice for determining volume or weight of glass gob used in manufacture of glass containers comprises optical units for measuring expansion of gob, and unit for determining each cross-sectional surface
US20120013735A1 (en)*2010-07-152012-01-19Kai TaoIV monitoring by video and image processing
US8531517B2 (en)*2010-07-152013-09-10Kai TaoIV monitoring by video and image processing
EP2447224A1 (en)*2010-10-272012-05-02Saint-Gobain Oberland AGGlass machine for producing container glass
US10228683B2 (en)2011-12-212019-03-12Deka Products Limited PartnershipSystem, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US11449037B2 (en)2011-12-212022-09-20Deka Products Limited PartnershipSystem, method, and apparatus for monitoring, regulating, or controlling fluid flow
US9724467B2 (en)2011-12-212017-08-08Deka Products Limited PartnershipFlow meter
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