Dievorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Fotovoltaikanlage mit den Merkmalendes Oberbegriffs des unabhängigenAnspruchs 1 sowie eine Brandschutzsicherung für eine Fotovoltaikanlage.TheThe present invention relates to a photovoltaic system having the featuresthe generic term of the independentClaim 1 and a fire protection for a photovoltaic system.
Fotovoltaikanlagenwerden zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie durch Umwandlung vonsolarer Strahlungsenergie in vielfältigen Varianten eingesetzt.Bekannte Anordnungen sehen eine Vielzahl von einzelnen Fotovoltaikelementenvor, die bspw. auf Gebäudedächern oderauf Freiflächenaufgestellt und gruppiert sein können.Die einzelnen Elemente sind in der Regel in Gruppen in Serie geschaltet,so dass die bereitgestellte elektrische Gleichspannung zu einemWechselrichter geleitet und in ein öffentliches Stromnetz eingespeistoder zu eigenen Verwendung bereitgestellt werden kann.photovoltaic panelsare used to generate electrical energy by convertingsolar radiation energy used in many variants.Known arrangements see a plurality of individual photovoltaic elementsin front, for example, on building roofs orin open spacescan be set up and grouped.The individual elements are usually connected in groups in series,so that the provided DC electrical voltage to aInverters are fed and fed into a public gridor may be provided for its own use.
ImSchadens- oder Störfall,insbesondere bei Bränden,könnendie von der Anlage bereitgestellten elektrischen Spannungswertejedoch zu Problemen führen,da bei den typischerweise auftretenden Brandtemperaturen die Leitungsisolierungen raschverschmoren, so dass Kurzschlüsseentstehen können.Auftreffendes Löschwasserkann zusätzlicheProbleme verursachen, da nicht isolierte Leitungsabschnitte in Verbindungmit dem Löschwasser zuFunkenüberschlägen führen können. DieBrandbekämpfungist deshalb schwierig und fürdie Feuerwehrleute gefährlich.Zudem ist fürdie Brandbekämpfernicht erkennbar, ob eine potenzielle Gefährdung durch stromführende offeneLeitungen vorliegt oder nicht.in theDamage or accident,especially in fires,canthe electrical voltage levels provided by the systembut cause problemsbecause at the typically occurring fire temperatures, the line insulation quicklyspotted, leaving shortscan arise.Impinging extinguishing watercan be extraCause problems as uninsulated pipe sections connectwith the extinguishing water tooSparking flashovers. TheFirefightingis therefore difficult and forthe firefighters dangerous.In addition, is forthe firefightersnot detectable, whether a potential hazard from live openLines present or not.
EinZiel der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Sicherung für Fotovoltaikanlagenzur Verfügungzu stellen, die im Störfall,insbesondere bei auftretenden Bränden,eine Gefährdungder Brandbekämpferzuverlässigverhindern kann.OneThe aim of the present invention is a fuse for photovoltaic systemsto disposalin the event of a fault,especially when fires occur,a dangerthe fire-fighterreliablecan prevent.
DiesesZiel der Erfindung wird mit dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchserreicht. Merkmale vorteilhafter Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergebensich aus den abhängigenAnsprüchen.ThisThe aim of the invention is the subject of the independent claimreached. Features of advantageous developments of the invention resultfrom the dependent onesClaims.
Eineerfindungsgemäße Fotovoltaikanlage umfasstwenigstens ein Fotovoltaikelement zur Dach- oder Freiflächenmontageund eine elektrische Verbindungsleitung zur Übertragung von Gleichspannungzu einer elektrischen Übergabestelle.Die Erfindung sieht eine thermische Sicherung in der elektrischenVerbindungsleitung zwischen dem wenigsten einen Fotovoltaikelementund der elektrischen Übergabestellevor. Die thermische Sicherung sorgt für eine Unterbrechung der Leitungsverbindungund damit der elektrischen Leitung bei einer definierbaren Grenztemperatur,typischerweise bei einer Temperatur, wie sie bei Bränden auftritt.Die erfindungsgemäße thermischeSicherung ermöglichtsomit eine effektive Brandsicherung und verhindert dadurch, dass beieinem Gebäude-oder Anlagebrand das Verschmoren von elektrischen Leitungsisolierungenzur Spannungsüberschlägen, Funkenflugoder Kurzschlüssenführenkann, wodurch Brandbekämpfer wieFeuerwehrleute erheblich gefährdetwerden können.APhotovoltaic plant according to the invention comprisesat least one photovoltaic element for roof or open space installationand an electrical connection line for transmission of DC voltageto an electrical transfer point.The invention provides a thermal fuse in the electricalConnecting line between the least one photovoltaic elementand the electrical transfer pointin front. The thermal fuse ensures that the line connection is interruptedand thus the electrical line at a definable limit temperature,typically at a temperature such as occurs in fires.The inventive thermalBackup possiblethus an effective fire safety and thereby prevents ata buildingor plant fire the fouling of electrical wire insulationsfor flashovers, flying sparksor short circuitsto leadcan, making firefighters likeFirefighters seriously endangeredcan be.
AlsThermosicherung kann insbesondere eine Schmelzsicherung zum Einsatzkommen, die bei einer von außenaufgebrachten Grenztemperatur von bspw. 180° C bis 220° C zu einer Unterbrechung einerelektrischen Verbindung führenkann. Die Grenztemperatur ist vorzugsweise so zu wählen, dasseinerseits die hohen Temperaturen, die bei intensiver Sonneneinstrahlungauf die Kollektorflächen einwirken,nicht zu einer Unterbrechung der Leitungsverbindung führen, andererseitsjedoch bei einem Brand eine Unterbrechung gewährleistet ist.WhenThermal fuse can be used in particular a fusecome in from outsideapplied limit temperature of eg. 180 ° C to 220 ° C to interrupt alead electrical connectioncan. The limit temperature is preferably to be selected such thaton the one hand, the high temperatures, which in intense sunlightact on the collector surfaces,not lead to an interruption of the line connection, on the other handHowever, a break in a fire is guaranteed.
Vorzugsweiseist innerhalb einer Serienschaltung von mehreren Fotovoltaikelementenwenigstens eine Thermosicherung vorgesehen. Von Vorteil ist es,wenn innerhalb einer Gruppe von Fotovoltaikelementen, die mittelseiner Thermosicherung von einer weiteren Gruppe von Fotovoltaikelementen getrenntist, eine Teilspannung von maximal 120 Volt abfällt. Bis zu einer solchen Teilspannungist die Gefahr von Funkenüberschlägen nochrelativ gering, währendoberhalb dieser Grenzspannung eine Gefährdung von Personen droht,die zur Brandbekämpfungeingesetzt sind.Preferablyis within a series connection of several photovoltaic elementsat least one thermal fuse provided. It is an advantageif within a group of photovoltaic elements by means ofa thermal fuse separated from another group of photovoltaic elementsis, a partial voltage of a maximum of 120 volts drops. Up to such a partial voltagethe risk of flashovers is stillrelatively low whileabove this limit voltage threatens a danger to persons,the fire fightingare used.
Eineweitere Ausführungsvariantesieht vor, dass jeweils Gruppen von in Serie geschalteten Fotovoltaikelementenendseitig mit wenigstens einer Thermosicherung versehen sind. Insbesonderekann an jedem Leitungsanschluss einer Gruppe von in Serie geschaltetenFotovoltaikelementen jeweils eine Thermosicherung angeordnet sein.Mit mehreren solcher Thermosicherungen ist somit eine ausreichende Brandsicherungermöglicht.Afurther embodimentprovides that each groups of photovoltaic elements connected in seriesend provided with at least one thermal fuse. Especiallycan be connected to each line terminal of a group of seriesPhotovoltaic elements are each arranged a thermal fuse.With several such thermal fuses is thus a sufficient fire safetyallows.
Eineerfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform siehtvor, dass die Thermosicherung als Unterbrechungskontakt oder -schalterausgebildet ist, der bei einer definierbaren Grenztemperatur einenLeitungskontakt dauerhaft trennt. Die Thermosicherung kann insbesondereals Schmelzsicherung o. dgl. ausgebildet sein. Diese Schmelzsicherungkann insbesondere ein zylindrisches Gehäuse mit einer darin angeordnetenvorgespannten Spiralfeder umfassen, deren vorgespanntes Ende miteiner Weichlotverbindung in einer der Stirnseiten des Gehäuses verankertist, so dass bei Schmelzen des Weichlots die Spiralfeder entspanntund die elektrische Verbindung getrennt wird.Asees embodiment of the inventionago that the thermal fuse as a break contact or switchis formed, the at a definable limit temperature aLine contact permanently disconnects. The thermal fuse can in particularbe designed as a fuse o. The like. This fuseIn particular, a cylindrical housing with one disposed thereinPreloaded coil spring include, whose biased end witha Weichlotverbindung anchored in one of the end sides of the housingis, so that when melting the soft solder, the coil spring relaxesand the electrical connection is disconnected.
DieSchutzhülsekann bspw. aus Kunststoff oder Keramik bestehen, die Spiralfedervorzugsweise aus einem elektrisch gut leitfähigen Material wie eine Kupferlegierung.Mit der Legierung des Weichlots kann die Schmelztemperatur definiertund auf einen sinnvollen Schmelzpunkt von ca. 180° C bis ca. 220 ° C eingestelltwerden, die bei auftretenden Brändenfür einezuverlässigeTrennung der elektrischen Verbindung sorgen kann. Wahlweise kannauch eine geeignete Schmelzpille zum Einsatz kommen, mittels dererdie vorgespannte Spiralfeder unter Herstellung eines elektrischenLeitungskontakts verankert ist, so dass sie bei einer definiertenGrenztemperatur gelöst undentspannt wird, wobei der elektrische Kontakt dauerhaft getrenntwird.The protective sleeve can, for example, made of plastic or ceramic, the coil spring preferably made of a highly electrically conductive material such as a copper alloy. With the alloy of the soft solder, the melting temperature can be defined and set to a reasonable melting point of about 180 ° C to about 220 ° C, which can provide a reliable separation of the electrical connection in fires occurring. Alternatively, a suitable fusion pellet can be used, by means of which the prestressed coil spring is anchored to produce an electrical line contact, so that it is dissolved and relaxed at a defined limit temperature, the electrical contact is permanently disconnected.
Einebesonders vorteilhafte Variante der Brandschutzsicherung sieht vor,dass die thermische Sicherung in eine Steckverbindung integriertsein kann, die in eine vorhandene Steckverbindungsleitung eingefügt werdenkann. Die thermische Sicherung kann bspw. in einem kurzen Steckerabschnitt angeordnetsein, der zwischen eine Steckverbindung eingefügt und somit in jede Verbindungsleitungnachträglichintegriert werden kann. Damit ist grundsätzlich ein Einbau in jederSteckverbindung möglich,wodurch auch die Nachrüstungvon Altanlagen problemlos sichergestellt ist. Wahlweise kann dieThermosicherung auch in einem Fotovoltaikelement, in einem Schaltkastenund/oder innerhalb der Leitungsverbindung angeordnet bzw. dort integriertsein.Aparticularly advantageous variant of the fire protection system providesthat the thermal fuse integrated into a connectorwhich can be inserted into an existing connector linecan. The thermal fuse can be arranged, for example, in a short connector sectionbe inserted between a connector and thus in each connection linelatercan be integrated. This is basically an installation in eachPlug connection possible,whereby also the retrofittingof old systems is easily ensured. Optionally, theThermal fuse also in a Fotovoltaikelement, in a control boxand / or disposed within the line connection or integrated therebe.
Aufdie beschriebene Weise ist ein vollständiger Schutz durch eine sichereStringabschaltung im Brandfall ermöglicht. Durch mehrere Brandschutzsicherungim String, bspw. nach jedem dritten Modul, kann die Generatorspannungunter ein gefahrdrohendes Maß reduziertwerden. Grundsätzlichist die Konstruktion auf alle gängigenFotovoltaik-Steckverbinder übertragbar.Onthe manner described is complete protection by a secureString shutdown possible in case of fire. Through several fire protectionin the string, for example after every third module, the generator voltage canreduced to a dangerous levelbecome. in principleis the construction on all commonPhotovoltaic connector transferable.
Diethermische Sicherung ist vorzugsweise so auszulegen, dass sie mitStrömenvon wenigstens zehn Ampere belastet werden kann und eine Spannungsfestigkeitvon mehr als 1000 Volt aufweist. Auf diese Weise wird ein Spannungsüberschlagauch bei Spannungen von bis zu 1000 Volt zuverlässig verhindert. Die Auslösetemperaturkann in gewünschten Grenzeneingestellt werden, indem bspw. eine geeignete Lotverbindung oderSchmelzverankerung der Feder ausgewählt wird.TheThermal fuse is preferably to be interpreted as havingStreamcan be loaded by at least ten amps and a dielectric strengthof more than 1000 volts. In this way, a voltage flashoverreliably prevented even at voltages of up to 1000 volts. The triggering temperaturecan be within desired limitsbe set by, for example, a suitable solder joint orFused anchorage of the spring is selected.
Dievorliegende Erfindung umfasst neben der Fotovoltaikanlage auch dasthermische Sicherungselement, das die zuvor beschriebenen Merkmaleaufweisen kann. Insbesondere kann das Sicherungselement eine vorgespannteFeder in einem Gehäuseaufweisen, wobei die Feder an einem Ende mittels einer Weichlotverbindungan einem der beiden Gehäusekontakteverankert ist, so dass bei Schmelzen des Weichlots die Feder entspanntwird und füreine Trennung der Kontaktverbindung zwischen den beiden herausgeführten elektrischenKontakten sorgt. Die Gehäusewandungbzw. Schutzhülsekann bspw. aus Keramik oder einem anderen geeigneten Material gefertigtsein.TheThe present invention also includes, in addition to the photovoltaic systemthermal fuse element having the features described abovecan have. In particular, the securing element can be prestressedSpring in a housinghave, wherein the spring at one end by means of a soft solder connectionon one of the two housing contactsis anchored, so that when melting the soft solder, the spring relaxeswill and fora separation of the contact connection between the two led out electricalMakes contacts. The housing wallor protective sleevecan, for example, made of ceramic or other suitable materialbe.
DieErfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispieleunter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.TheInvention will be described below with reference to preferred embodimentsexplained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dieschematische Darstellung der
Dievon der Anlage
Innerhalbder elektrischen Verbindungsleitungen
Imgezeigten Ausführungsbeispielsind insgesamt drei Thermosicherungen
Dieschematische Darstellung der
Beieiner legierungsabhängigenSchmelztemperatur der Lotverbindung
Anstelleder erwähntenLotverbindung kann die Kontaktierung der Feder auch auf andere Weise sichergestelltwerden, bspw. mittels einer sog. „chemischen Pille" oder einer „Schmelzpille", mit deren Hilfedie vorgespannte Feder bei einer bestimmten Grenztemperatur freigegebenwird. Mit Hilfe derartiger „Pillen" sind nahezu beliebigeAuslösetemperatureneinstellbar, was unter Umständennotwendig und sinnvoll sein kann.Instead ofthe mentionedBonded solder can ensure the contacting of the spring in other waysbe, for example, by means of a so-called. "chemical pill" or a "melting pill", with their helpreleased the preloaded spring at a certain limit temperaturebecomes. With the help of such "pills" are almost arbitrarytemperature Ratingsadjustable, which may benecessary and useful.
Dieschematische Darstellung der
Diein der vorstehenden Beschreibung, den Zeichnungen und den Ansprüchen offenbartenMerkmale der Erfindung könnensowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichungder Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausgestaltun gen von Bedeutungsein. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehenden Ausführungsbeispielebeschränkt. Vielmehrist eine Vielzahl von Varianten und Abwandlungen denkbar, die vondem erfindungsgemäßen GedankenGebrauch machen und deshalb ebenfalls in den Schutzbereich fallen.Thein the foregoing description, drawings and claimsFeatures of the invention canboth individually and in any combination for the realizationthe invention in their various Ausgestaltun conditions of importancebe. The invention is not limited to the above embodimentslimited. Much moreis a variety of variants and modifications conceivable bythe idea according to the inventionUse and therefore also fall within the scope of protection.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006007613UDE202006007613U1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2006-05-11 | Photovoltaic system for production of electrical energy, has thermal fuse provided in connecting lines between photovoltaic unit and hand-over point, where fuse has preset marginal temperature corresponding to fire temperature | 
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006007613UDE202006007613U1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2006-05-11 | Photovoltaic system for production of electrical energy, has thermal fuse provided in connecting lines between photovoltaic unit and hand-over point, where fuse has preset marginal temperature corresponding to fire temperature | 
| Publication Number | Publication Date | 
|---|---|
| DE202006007613U1true DE202006007613U1 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006007613UExpired - LifetimeDE202006007613U1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2006-05-11 | Photovoltaic system for production of electrical energy, has thermal fuse provided in connecting lines between photovoltaic unit and hand-over point, where fuse has preset marginal temperature corresponding to fire temperature | 
| Country | Link | 
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE202006007613U1 (en) | 
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| Date | Code | Title | Description | 
|---|---|---|---|
| R207 | Utility model specification | Effective date:20060921 | |
| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years | Effective date:20090630 | |
| R151 | Utility model maintained after payment of second maintenance fee after six years | Effective date:20120530 | |
| R158 | Lapse of ip right after 8 years | ||
| R079 | Amendment of ipc main class | Free format text:PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: H02N0006000000 Ipc:H02S0050000000 | |
| R079 | Amendment of ipc main class | Free format text:PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: H02N0006000000 Ipc:H02S0050000000 Effective date:20150212 | |
| R158 | Lapse of ip right after 8 years | Effective date:20141202 | |
| R082 | Change of representative | Representative=s name:BENNINGER, JOHANNES, DIPL.-ING., DE |