·>· &idigr; *··* ··■· *©ipi.*-«Phys. Konrad Schaefer·>· &idigr; *··* ··■· *©ipi.*-«Phys. Konrad Schaefer
European Patent Attorneys Tel:(0)-40-6562051 Fax:-6567919European Patent Attorneys Tel:(0)-40-6562051 Fax:-6567919
Commerzbank 22 / 58226 BIz 200 40 000 Gehölzweg 20, D-22043 Hamburg Postbank 225058 - 208 BIz 200 10 020Commerzbank 22 / 58226 BIz 200 40 000 Gehölzweg 20, D-22043 Hamburg Postbank 225058 - 208 BIz 200 10 020
15. Januar 2002 Uns. Zeichen: 02475gmJanuary 15, 2002 Reference: 02475gm
OLYMPUS WINTER & IBE GMBHOLYMPUS WINTER & IBE GMBH
Endoskopisches InstrumentEndoscopic instrument
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein endoskopisches Instrument nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an endoscopic instrument according to the preamble of claim 1.
Gattungsgemäße Endoskope sind z. B. Biopsiezangen, die für die Probenentnahme aus zu untersuchendem Gewebe verwendet werden. Es kann sich aber auch um endoskopische Instrumente mit anderen Funktionen wie z.B. Greif- oder Schneidfunktionen, beispielsweise Nadelhalter, handeln.Examples of generic endoscopes include biopsy forceps, which are used to take samples from tissue to be examined. However, they can also be endoscopic instruments with other functions such as gripping or cutting functions, such as needle holders.
Generell weisen gattungsgemäße Instrumente am distalen Ende ein Arbeitswerkzeug auf, bestehend aus zwei, meist an einer Schwenkachse gelagerten verschwenkbaren Branchen. Die Verschwenkung der Branchen erfolgt durch ein im Schaft verschiebbar angeordnetes Schub- und Zugelement. Das distale Ende des Schub- und Zugelementes ist mit einem Koppelelement verbunden, das in Führungseingriff mit den Branchen steht. Über das Koppelelement wird die axiale Bewegung des Schub- und Zugelementes in eine Schwenkbewegung der Branchen umgesetzt.Generally, instruments of this type have a working tool at the distal end, consisting of two pivoting branches, usually mounted on a pivot axis. The pivoting of the branches is achieved by a push and pull element that is arranged so that it can move in the shaft. The distal end of the push and pull element is connected to a coupling element that is in guiding engagement with the branches. The axial movement of the push and pull element is converted into a pivoting movement of the branches via the coupling element.
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Die Branchen und auch das Koppelelement werden im operativen Einsatz des Instruments relativ stark belastet, weswegen insbesondere diese Bauteile eine besonders hohe Stabilität aufweisen müssen.The branches and also the coupling element are subjected to relatively high loads during operational use of the instrument, which is why these components in particular must be particularly stable.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist bekannt, z.B. die Branchen eines endoskopischen Instrumentes aus Stahl zu fertigen und im Anschluß daran noch weiter z.B. mittels Induktion aufzuhalten. Als Material wird z.B. rostfreier Stahl mit einer Grundhärte von ca. 20 HRC eingesetzt, der sich bis auf ca. 48 HRC aufhärten läßt.In this context, it is known, for example, to manufacture the branches of an endoscopic instrument from steel and then to hold them further, for example using induction. The material used is, for example, stainless steel with a basic hardness of approx. 20 HRC, which can be hardened up to approx. 48 HRC.
Zur Erhöhung Verbesserung der Lebensdauer wurde bereits auch schon überlegt, z.B für- die Herstellung der Branchen Werkstoffe zu verwenden, die sich noch weiter aufhalten lassen.In order to increase the service life, it has already been considered to use materials that can be held back even further, for example for the production of the branches.
Es wurden versuchsweise Branchen aus Stahl hergestellt, der sich bis auf ca. 58 HRC aufhärten läßt, wobei sich herausstellte, daß mit dem Grad der Aufhaltung auch die Sprödigkeit zunimmt, was dazu führte, daß die Branchen dazu neigten, unter Einfluß von mechanischen Spannungen und Feuchtigkeit zu "zerspringen".Trials were made of steel that can be hardened to about 58 HRC, but it was found that the brittleness increased with the degree of hardening, which meant that the branches tended to "crack" under the influence of mechanical stress and moisture.
Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein endoskopisches Instrument derart weiterzubilden, daß die Branchen und/ oder das Koppelelement eine ausreichende Lebensdauer gewährleistende Härte aufweisen. Gleichzeitig soll aber eine ausreichende Elastizität bewahrt werden, so daß z.B. das Auftreten mechanischer Spannungen und Feuchtigkeit nicht zur Zerstörung der Branchen und/oder des Koppelelementes führen.Based on this, the invention is based on the object of developing an endoscopic instrument in such a way that the branches and/or the coupling element have a sufficient hardness to ensure a long service life. At the same time, however, sufficient elasticity should be maintained so that, for example, the occurrence of mechanical stresses and moisture does not lead to the destruction of the branches and/or the coupling element.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß ein endoskopisches Instrument mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen.To solve this problem, the invention proposes an endoscopic instrument having the features of claim 1.
Danach ist vorgesehen, daß die Branchen und/ oder das Koppelelement partiell in den mechanisch beanspruchten Bereichen mittels Lasertechnik gehärtet werden.It is then planned that the branches and/or the coupling element are partially hardened in the mechanically stressed areas by means of laser technology.
In erfindungsgemäßen Instrumenten können damit in einfacher Weise nur die mechanisch beanspruchten Bereiche mit der erforderlichen Härte versehen werden und auch nur in diesen Bereichen kommt es zu einer Abnahme der Elastizität. In den übrigen nicht-gehärteten Bereichen bleibt die Grundelastizität des Werkstoffes erhalten.In instruments according to the invention, it is thus possible in a simple manner to provide only the mechanically stressed areas with the required hardness, and only in these areas does a reduction in elasticity occur. In the other non-hardened areas, the basic elasticity of the material is retained.
Erfindungsgemäße Instrumente weisen also im Vergleich zu bekannten Instrumenten eine höhere Belastbarkeit der Branchen und/oder des Koppelelementes gegenüber den im Gebrauch auftretenden Kräften sowie grundsätzlich gegenüber mechanischen Spannungen und Feuchtigkeit auf.Compared to known instruments, instruments according to the invention therefore have a higher load-bearing capacity of the branches and/or the coupling element with respect to the forces occurring during use and, in general, with respect to mechanical stresses and moisture.
Bei erfindungsgemäßen Instrumenten lassen sich daher auch Werkstoffe verwenden, die auf einen höheren Grad aufhärtbar sind, als bisher eingesetzte Werkstoffe. Die Verwendung solcher im Bereich z.B. der Schneidkanten hochgehärteten Werkstoffe ist von Vorteil, da eine höhere Härte eine längere Lebensdauer der Schneide bedeutet.In instruments according to the invention, materials can therefore be used that can be hardened to a higher degree than materials previously used. The use of such highly hardened materials in the area of the cutting edges, for example, is advantageous because a higher hardness means a longer service life for the cutting edge.
Die Eiündung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Instrumente mit Schneidfunktion beschränkt. Genausogut können Instrumente mit anderen Funktionen vorgesehen werden, deren Branchen und/oder Koppelelemente partiell gehärtet sind. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht daher vor, daß bei Instrumenten mit Greiffunktion, z.B. Nadelhaltern, mindestens ein Teil der Greiffläche der Branchen in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise gehaltet ist.The invention is of course not limited to instruments with a cutting function. Instruments with other functions can also be provided, the branches and/or coupling elements of which are partially hardened. A further embodiment therefore provides that in instruments with a gripping function, e.g. needle holders, at least part of the gripping surface of the branches is held in the manner according to the invention.
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Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, gemäß Ansprach 4 zusätzlich zu den partiell gehärteten mechanisch beanspruchten Bereiche der Branchen gleichzeitig ein partiell gehärtetes Koppelelement vorzusehen.It is further advantageous, according to claim 4, to provide a partially hardened coupling element in addition to the partially hardened mechanically stressed areas of the branches.
Das Koppelelement gemäß Ansprach 4 steht in Führungseingriff mit einem sich von jeder verschwenkbaren Branche in proximaler Richtung erstreckenden Hebel, wobei in dem Koppelelement eine schräg zur Schaftachse verlaufende Nut vorgesehen ist, die einen vom Hebel seitlich abgehenden Zapfen gleitend aufnimmt.The coupling element according to claim 4 is in guiding engagement with a lever extending from each pivotable branch in the proximal direction, wherein a groove extending obliquely to the shaft axis is provided in the coupling element, which groove slidably receives a pin extending laterally from the lever.
Erfindungsgemäß werden der Zapfen und der die Nut umgebende Bereich gehärtet. Das partielle Härten dieser Bereiche verringert die Abnutzungserscheinungen des Zapfens und ggf. der Nut.According to the invention, the tenon and the area surrounding the groove are hardened. The partial hardening of these areas reduces the signs of wear on the tenon and possibly the groove.
Auch hier ist wieder als vorteilhaft zu erwähnen, daß aufgrund der partiellen Hältung z.B. des Randbereichs der Nut gewährleistet ist, daß das Koppelelement in den übrigen Bereichen die ursprüngliche Grundelastizität des verwendeten (nicht gehärteten) Werkstoffes behält.Here again, it is worth mentioning that it is advantageous that the partial retention of the edge area of the groove, for example, ensures that the coupling element retains the original basic elasticity of the (non-hardened) material used in the remaining areas.
Gleiches gilt für die Härtung des Zapfens. Der Abrieb des Zapfens durch den Lauf in der Führungsnut des Koppelelementes bei Betätigung des Endoskopes wird aufgrund der höheren Härte des Werkstoffes minimiert. Durch die verbleibende Grandelastizität im angrenzenden Hebel können auftretende mechanische Spannungen aufgefangen werden.The same applies to the hardening of the pin. The abrasion of the pin caused by the barrel in the guide groove of the coupling element when the endoscope is operated is minimized due to the higher hardness of the material. The remaining elasticity in the adjacent lever can absorb any mechanical stress that occurs.
Die beiden Branchen enthalten Achsbohrungen, die an einer Schwenkachse gelagert sind. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht gemäß Ansprach 5, daß auch die Schwenkachse und der die Achsbohrung umgebende Bereich der Branchen gehärtet werden.The two branches contain axle holes which are mounted on a pivot axis. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides according to claim 5 that the pivot axis and the area of the branches surrounding the axle hole are also hardened.
Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand von einer Abbildung näher erläutert werden, die beispielhaft eine Ausführung der Erfindung zeigtIn the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a figure which shows an example of an embodiment of the invention
In der Figur ist das distale Ende eines endoskopischen Instrumentes 1, in diesem Fall einer Biopsiezange, dargestellt. Das Instrument 1 weist zwei gegeneinander verschwenkbare Zangenbranchen 2 und 3 auf, die an einer Achse 4 gelagert sind. Von den Branchen 2 und 3 erstrecken sich jeweils in proximaler Richtung Hebel 5 und 6 von denen jeweils seitlich Zapfen 7 und 8 abgehen, die von einem Koppelelement 9 in zwei Nuten 10 und 11 gleitend aufgenommen werden.The figure shows the distal end of an endoscopic instrument 1, in this case a biopsy forceps. The instrument 1 has two forceps branches 2 and 3 that can be pivoted against each other and are mounted on an axis 4. Levers 5 and 6 extend from the branches 2 and 3 in the proximal direction, from which pins 7 and 8 extend laterally, which are slidably received by a coupling element 9 in two grooves 10 and 11.
Weiterhin weist das Instrument 1 einen Rohrschaft 12 auf, in dem ein in Längsrichtung verlaufendes Schub- und Zugelement 13 angeordnet ist, dessen distales Ende mit dem Koppelelement 9 verbunden ist. Wird durch Betätigung des Schub- und Zugelementes 13 das Koppelelement 9 axial verschoben, so werden die in den Nuten 10 und 11 des Koppelelementes 9 geführten Zapfen 7 und 8 und mit ihnen die Hebel 5 und 6 verschwenkt, was zu einem Öffnen bzw. Schließen der Branchen 2 und 3 führt.The instrument 1 also has a tubular shaft 12 in which a longitudinally extending push and pull element 13 is arranged, the distal end of which is connected to the coupling element 9. If the coupling element 9 is axially displaced by actuating the push and pull element 13, the pins 7 and 8 guided in the grooves 10 and 11 of the coupling element 9 and with them the levers 5 and 6 are pivoted, which leads to an opening or closing of the branches 2 and 3.
Von dem sich von der Branche 2 erstreckenden Hebel 5 ist nur ein kleiner Teil sichtbar, da dieser Hebel auf der abgewandten Seite hinter dem Koppelement 9 verläuft. Die zugeordnete ebenfalls nicht sichtbare Nut 11 sowie der hier geführte Zapfen 7 des Hebels 5 sind ebenfalls nicht sichtbar aber zum besseren Verständnis gestrichelt dargestellt.Only a small part of the lever 5 extending from the branch 2 is visible, since this lever runs on the opposite side behind the coupling element 9. The associated groove 11, which is also not visible, and the pin 7 of the lever 5 guided here are also not visible but are shown in dashed lines for better understanding.
Von dem sich von der Branche 3 erstreckende Hebel 6 ist ab der Schwenkachse 4 nur der die Nut 10 abdeckende Teil mit dem Zapfen 8 (gestrichelt) dargestellt.Of the lever 6 extending from the branch 3, only the part covering the groove 10 with the pin 8 (dashed line) is shown from the pivot axis 4 onwards.
Erfindungsgemäß können nun einige Bereiche mittels Lasertechnik gehärtet werden, was durch die in der Figur eingezeichneten Strich-Punkt-Linien verdeut-According to the invention, some areas can now be hardened using laser technology, which is illustrated by the dash-dot lines shown in the figure.
lichtet werden soll. Zum besseren Verständnis sollen diese Bereiche im folgenden noch einmal kurz erläutert werden.should be cleared up. For a better understanding, these areas will be briefly explained again below.
Die Branchen 2 und 3 sind löffeiförmig gefertigt. Um die Probe aus dem zu untersuchenden Gewebe zu entnehmen, sind die äußeren Randbereiche der Branchen als Schneidkanten 14 und 15 ausgebildet, die gezielt mittels Lasertechnik gehärtet wurden. In den übrigen Bereichen der Branchen 2 und 3 bleibt die Grundelastizität des Werkstoffes erhalten. Evtl. auftretende Verspannungen in den Branchen, die bei der Benutzung entstehen können, werden durch diese Art des Härtens vermindert oder sogar ausgeglichen.Branches 2 and 3 are spoon-shaped. In order to take the sample from the tissue to be examined, the outer edge areas of the branches are designed as cutting edges 14 and 15, which were specifically hardened using laser technology. In the remaining areas of branches 2 and 3, the basic elasticity of the material is retained. Any tension that may occur in the branches during use is reduced or even compensated for by this type of hardening.
Des weiteren ist die partielle Härtung der im Koppelelement 9 befindlichen Nut 10 dargestellt, die mechanisch bei Betätigung der Biopsiezange durch den Zapfen 8 beansprucht wird. Die eingezeichnete Strich-Punkt-Linie soll auch hier den möglichen zu hältenden Bereich um die Nut abgrenzen. Dies soll verdeutlichen, daß im Bereich der Nut eine Erhöhung der Härte möglich ist, die ein Abnutzen und Vergrößern der Nut durch den Zapfen bei Betätigung der Biopsiezange verhindert. Gleichzeitig ist aber in den restlichen Bereichen die ursprüngliche Elastizität des verwendeten Werkstoffes erhalten geblieben, die bei eventuell auftretenden Spannungsspitzen eine Zerstörung des Instrumentes verhindern kann. Der Zapfen 8 kann ebenfalls gehärtet werden.Furthermore, the partial hardening of the groove 10 in the coupling element 9 is shown, which is mechanically stressed by the pin 8 when the biopsy forceps are operated. The dash-dot line drawn here is also intended to delimit the possible area around the groove that can be held. This is intended to make it clear that an increase in hardness is possible in the area of the groove, which prevents the groove from wearing down and becoming larger due to the pin when the biopsy forceps are operated. At the same time, however, the original elasticity of the material used has been retained in the remaining areas, which can prevent the instrument from being destroyed if stress peaks occur. The pin 8 can also be hardened.
Gleiches gilt selbstverständlich auch für die auf der anderen Seite des Koppelelmentes 9 befindliche Nut 11 und den darin gleitenden Zapfen 7.The same applies, of course, to the groove 11 on the other side of the coupling element 9 and the pin 7 sliding therein.
Weiterhin kann der Bereich um die Achsbohrung gehärtet werden, sowie die Schwenkachse 4.Furthermore, the area around the axle hole can be hardened, as well as the swivel axis 4.
Die Figur soll beispielhaft die Bereiche eines endoskopischen Instrumentes darstellen, die gehärtet werden können. Daneben besteht auch die Möglichkeit andere, hier nicht erwähnte Bereiche partiell zu härten. Natürlich können auch nur einzelne und nicht alle in der Figur angesprochenen Bereiche gleichzeitig bei einem Instrument gehärtet werden.The figure is intended to show the areas of an endoscopic instrument that can be hardened by way of example. It is also possible to partially harden other areas not mentioned here. Of course, only individual areas and not all of the areas mentioned in the figure can be hardened at the same time on an instrument.
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R207 | Utility model specification | Effective date:20020508 | |
| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years | Effective date:20040210 | |
| R079 | Amendment of ipc main class | Free format text:PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: A61B0017320000 Ipc:A61B0017940000 | |
| R151 | Utility model maintained after payment of second maintenance fee after six years | Effective date:20070216 | |
| R158 | Lapse of ip right after 8 years | Effective date:20090801 |