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DE19615069A1 - Procedure for panning machine tool esp. laser beam cutter using edge tracking on workpiece - Google Patents

Procedure for panning machine tool esp. laser beam cutter using edge tracking on workpiece

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Publication number
DE19615069A1
DE19615069A1DE19615069ADE19615069ADE19615069A1DE 19615069 A1DE19615069 A1DE 19615069A1DE 19615069 ADE19615069 ADE 19615069ADE 19615069 ADE19615069 ADE 19615069ADE 19615069 A1DE19615069 A1DE 19615069A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
edge
tracking
machining
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Ceased
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DE19615069A
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German (de)
Inventor
Joerg Schumacher
Andreas Ostendorf
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LZH Laser Zentrum Hannover eV
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LZH Laser Zentrum Hannover eV
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Priority to DE19615069ApriorityCriticalpatent/DE19615069A1/en
Publication of DE19615069A1publicationCriticalpatent/DE19615069A1/en
Ceasedlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

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Abstract

A procedure for panning a tool using edge tracking on the workpiece has the tool or the workpiece moved along a machining path by a manipulator. The procedural steps are: two-axis measurement of the course of the edge on the workpiece; comparison of the course with the preset position of the machining path; panning of the tool or workpiece depending on this comparison. The course of the edge is measured in two independent axes transverse to the machining path, or the feed direction of the manipulator. A pressure foot (12) guided along the edge of the workpiece (42) evaluates its actual length. There is a control unit (10) to do the measurement comparison and to generate signals for the tool (5) panning.

Description

Translated fromGerman

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Nachführen von Werkzeugen mittels Kantenverfolgung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Ver­fahrens.The invention relates to a method for trackingTools using edge tracking according to the preamble ofClaim 1 and a device for performing the Verdriving.

Es ist beispielsweise beim Laserschweißen von Überlapp­nähten und Kehlnähten in der Automobilindustrie bekannt (W. Weidlich, Laser in der Technik, Laser 93, Springer-Ver­lag, 1993; E. U. Beske, Untersuchungen zum Schweißen mit ND: YAG-Laserstrahlung, Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 2: Fertigungstechnik, VDI-Verlag), den Laserstrahl in einer feststehenden Strahlquelle zu generieren und über einen fle­xiblen Lichtwellenleiter zu einer Bearbeitungsoptik zu füh­ren. Dadurch ist eine 3D-Naterialbearbeitung mit vergleichs­weise geringem Aufwand realisierbar. Dabei wird die Bearbei­tungsoptik von einem Industrie-Roboter entlang einer program­mierten Bahn über die zu verschweißende Naht geführt. Da es sich bei dem Werkstück um ein toleranzbehaftetes Blechform­teil handelt und der fokussierte Laserstrahl mit geringen Toleranzen entlang der Kante der zu verschweißenden Blech­formteile positioniert werden muß, entstehen Probleme, welche einen Handlungsbedarf im Bereich der Bahnkorrektur hervorru­fen.It is for example when laser welding overlapseams and fillet welds known in the automotive industry(W. Weidlich, Laser in Technology, Laser 93, Springer-Verlay, 1993; E. U. Beske, studies on welding withND: YAG laser radiation, progress reports VDI, series 2:Manufacturing technology, VDI-Verlag), the laser beam in onegenerate fixed beam source and via a flexiblen fiber optic lead to a processing opticsRen. This is a 3D material processing with comparativewise little effort realizable. Thereby the processingoptics from an industrial robot along a programgated web over the seam to be welded. Because itthe workpiece is a tolerant sheet metal shapepart acts and the focused laser beam with lowTolerances along the edge of the sheet to be weldedProblems must be positioned, which arisea need for action in the field of path correctionfen.

Bestehende Kantenverfolgungssysteme (K. Bartel, W. Trun­ zer, Sensor verfolgt die Schweißbahn, Laserpraxis 10/94; D. Schmidt, K. Sichler, E. Nichalak, Robotertechnik: Sensorun­terstützte Bahnprogrammierung beim Laserschweißen mit Robo­ter, Springer-Verlag 92, Nayak, N.; Ray, A.: Intelligent Seam Tracking for Robot Welding; Nitsch, A.: Kaierle, S.: Der Schweißnaht auf der Spur, Roboter 12 (1194) Heft 2) ver­messen die Lage der Kante mit optischen Verfahren, wie z. B. Linienprojektion und darauf folgende Bildauswertung. Sie kor­rigieren dann die Fokuspunktlage, indem der berichtigende Versatz der programmierten Vorschubbewegung überlagert wird. Dies führt zu hohem Rechenaufwand innerhalb der Robotersteue­rung und damit zu steigenden Kosten bei der Investition der Rechner-Hardware und Rechner-Software. Auch das optische Meß­system selbst benötigt zur Bildauswertung eine hohe Rechner­leistung und eine regelmäßige Wartung der bildaufnehmenden Komponenten.Existing edge tracking systems (K. Bartel, W. Trun zer, sensor tracks the welding path, laser practice 10/94; D.Schmidt, K. Sichler, E. Nichalak, robot technology: SensorunSupported path programming for laser welding with roboter, Springer-Verlag 92, Nayak, N .; Ray, A .: IntelligentSeam Tracking for Robot Welding; Nitsch, A .: Kaierle, S .:The weld seam on the track, Robot 12 (1194) Book 2) vermeasure the position of the edge with optical methods, such as B.Line projection and subsequent image evaluation. You korthen rig the focus point position by the correctiveOffset of the programmed feed movement is superimposed.This leads to high computing effort within the robot controland thus increasing costs when investingComputer hardware and computer software. Even the optical measurementsystem itself requires a high computer for image evaluationperformance and regular maintenance of the imaging staffComponents.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Nachführung von Werkzeugen der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die einen einfachen Aufbau, eine einfache Bedienbarkeit und eine kostengünstige Herstellung ermöglichen, und mit denen Toleranzen der Werk­stückgeometrien auf einfache Weise kompensierbar sind und der Programmieraufwand für das Handhabungsgerät (beispielsweise Roboter) verringert werden kann.The object of the present invention is aMethod and device for tracking toolsof the type mentioned at the beginning, which is a simpleStructure, ease of use and inexpensiveAllow manufacturing, and with tolerances of the factorypiece geometries can be compensated in a simple manner and theProgramming effort for the handling device (for exampleRobot) can be reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gemäß Ansprüchen 1 und 3 gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention according to claims 1and 3 solved.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfin­dung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous and expedient further training of the Erfinare specified in the subclaims.

Durch die Erfindung wird eine zwei- als auch dreidimen­sionale Kantenverfolgung ermöglicht. Die Position der Kante wird in der Verfahrbewegung vor laufend mit einem taktilen Meßtaster aufgenommen und in einer Regelelektronik so ver­arbeitet, daß in Richtung zweier Zusatzachsen die Position des Bearbeitungswerkzeuges nachführbar ist, ohne das Handha­bungsgerät zu beeinflussen. Die Nachführung erfolgt dabei mit hoher Geschwindigkeit. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung kann der Aufwand zur Programmierung des Handhabungsgerätes bei neuen Bearbeitungsgeometrien stark verringert werden, da eine geringe Anzahl von Stützpunkten ausreicht, um den Meßta­ster an der Kante entlangzuführen. Weiterhin können Toleran­zen der Werkstoffgeometrie auch in der vollautomatisierten Fertigung kompensiert werden. Die Erfindung ermöglicht eine Nachrüstung bekannter Vorrichtungen, wobei eine Modifikation der Handhabungssteuerungen nicht notwendig ist. Weitere Vor­teile bestehen im einfachen mechanischen Aufbau der erfin­dungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, in der einfachen Bedienbarkeit der Vorrichtung und in geringen Herstellungskosten.The invention makes two and three dimesregional edge tracking enables. The position of the edgeis in the traversing movement before running with a tactileProbe included and ver in a control electronicsworks that in the direction of two additional axesof the processing tool can be tracked without the handleto influence exercise equipment. The tracking is done withhigh speed. Through the training according to the inventioncan the effort to program the handling device can be greatly reduced with new machining geometries becausea small number of bases is sufficient to measure the measmost along the edge. Toleranzen of the material geometry also in the fully automatedManufacturing to be compensated. The invention enables oneRetrofitting known devices, with a modificationthe handling controls are not necessary. More beforeparts consist of the simple mechanical structure of the inventordevice according to the invention, in the ease of use ofDevice and in low manufacturing costs.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand eines in der bei­gefügten Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention is based on one in theattached drawing illustrated embodimentare explained.

Es zeigtIt shows

Fig. 1 schematisch eine Seitenansicht einer Vorrich­tung zum Nachführen von Werkzeugen mittels Kan­tenverfolgung undFig. 1 shows schematically a side view of a Vorrich device for tracking tools by means of edge tracking and

Fig. 2 eine schematische Rückansicht der Vorrichtung nachFig. 1.FIG. 2 shows a schematic rear view of the device according toFIG. 1.

Gleiche Bauteile in den Figuren der Zeichnung sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The same components in the figures of the drawing are includedprovided with the same reference numerals.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Vorrichtung2 zur Nachführung von Werkzeugen mittels Kantenverfolgung, die aus mehreren Komponenten besteht.The drawing shows a device2 for tracking tools by means of edge tracking, which consists of several components.

Auf einer Grundplatte4, welche an einer nicht dar­gestellten, die Vorrichtung2 in Vorschubrichtung (X-Achse) verfahrenden Handhabungsvorrichtung, beispielsweise einem Roboter, befestigt ist, sind ein Werkzeug5 (hier beispiels­weise ein Laserbearbeitungskopf), ein sensorischer Teil6 und ein aktiv korrigierender Teil8 angeordnet, welche über eine Regeleinrichtung10 miteinander verbunden sind, welche nicht vom Roboter mitgeführt wird, sondern über Kabel angeschlossen ist.On a base plate4 , which is attached to a handling device (not shown), the device2 moving in the feed direction (X-axis), for example a robot, are a tool5 (here, for example, a laser processing head), a sensor part6 and a actively correcting part8 arranged, which are connected to each other via a control device10 , which is not carried by the robot, but is connected via cable.

Der sensorische Teil6 umfaßt einen Meßtaster12 als tak­ tilen Sensor mit mechanischem, mittels Feder13 vorgespanntem Taster14, welcher schleppend in einem definierten Abstand A zur Bearbeitungsstelle16 an einer Kante18 zwischen zwei beispielsweise zu verschweißenden Blechformteilen20 und22 vorlaufend entlanggeführt wird, und einen 2 D-Wegaufnehmer24.The sensory part6 comprises a probe12 as a tactile sensor with mechanical spring13 pretensioned button14 , which is dragged along at a defined distance A to the processing point16 on an edge18 between two sheet metal parts20 and22 to be welded, for example, and a 2-D transducer24 .

Der aktiv korrigierende Teil8 umfaßt einen ersten Notor26 mit Getriebe28 und Kurbeltrieb30 zur Linearbewegung des Werkzeuges5 in Z-Richtung31 (Z-Achse), um so beispielsweise die Fokuslage eines Laserstrahles zu korrigieren, und einen zweiten Notor32 mit Getriebe34 und Kurbeltrieb36 zur Bewe­gung des Werkzeuges quer zur Kante18, also quer zur Bearbei­tungsrichtung, wobei die Querbewegung (Y-Achse38) durch Ver­kippen des Werkzeuges um die Y-Achse erfolgt, um die Position des Bearbeitungspunktes (beispielsweise des Schweißpunktes) entlang der Kante, beispielsweise der zu verschweißenden Naht zu führen.The actively correcting part8 comprises a first notor26 with gear28 and crank mechanism30 for linear movement of the tool5 in the Z direction31 (Z axis) in order to correct the focus position of a laser beam, for example, and a second notor32 with gear34 and crank mechanism36 for moving the tool transversely to the edge18 , that is to say transversely to the machining direction, the transverse movement (Y-axis38 ) being effected by tilting the tool about the Y-axis to the position of the machining point (for example the welding point) along the edge, for example the seam to be welded.

Das Werkzeug5, am dargestellten Beispiel der Laser-Be­arbeitungskopf, ist starr mit dem Meßtaster12 gekoppelt.The tool5 , in the example shown the laser processing head, is rigidly coupled to the probe12 .

Die Vorrichtung2 arbeitet wie folgt:
Ein Bearbeitungswerkzeug5, beispielsweise eine Laser­schweißeinrichtung, wird von einer Handhabungsvorrichtung, beispielsweise einem Roboter, entlang einer Bearbeitungsbahn, beispielsweise einer zu verschweißenden Naht40 eines Werk­stückes42 geführt. Während der Verfahrbewegung in X-Rich­tung, beispielsweise durch die Handhabungsvorrichtung, wird der Ist-Verlauf der Kante18 und damit am dargestellten Bei­spiel die reale Position der zu schweißenden Naht40 des Werkstückes42 vor laufend mit Hilfe des Meßtasters12 aufge­nommen. Die Meßdaten werden in der Regeleinrichtung10 mit der vorgegebenen Position der vorprogrammierten Bearbeitungs­bahn verglichen und ausgewertet. Die Regeleinrichtung erzeugt Regelsignale, die die beiden Notoren26 und32 steuern, wel­che die Position des Werkzeuges5 nachführen. Senkrecht zur Oberfläche des Werkstückes42 erfolgt dabei eine Nachführung der Höhenlage (Z-Achse) des Werkzeuges5 durch eine Linearbe­wegung des Werkzeuges; quer zur Bearbeitungsrichtung (Y-Ach­ se) erfolgt eine Nachführung des Werkzeuges durch eine Ver­kippung, siehe Pfeil44 inFig. 2. Wenn sich die Position des Tasters14 während des Bearbeitungsprozesses (beispielsweise während des Schweißvorganges) in Z- oder Y-Richtung verän­dert, führen die beiden Motoren26 und32 über die Zusatz­achsen in Z- oder Y-Richtung das Werkzeug nach bzw. führen eine entsprechende Korrekturbewegung des Werkzeuges mit hoher Geschwindigkeit durch. Der maximale Verstellbereich der Zu­satzachsen (Y- und Z-Achse) wird durch die Kraftübertragung mit einem Kurbeltrieb an der Abgangswelle des jeweiligen Ge­triebes28,34 begrenzt.
The device2 works as follows:
A processing tool5 , for example a laser welding device, is guided by a handling device, for example a robot, along a processing path, for example a seam40 to be welded, of a workpiece42 . During the traversing movement in the X-Rich direction, for example by the handling device, the actual profile of the edge18 and thus the actual position of the seam40 to be welded on the workpiece42 shown before is continuously taken up with the aid of the measuring probe12 . The measurement data are compared and evaluated in the control device10 with the predetermined position of the preprogrammed machining path. The control device generates control signals which control the two notors26 and32 , which track the position of the tool5 . Perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece42 there is a tracking of the height (Z axis) of the tool5 by a Linearbe movement of the tool; transverse to the machining direction (Y-axis se), the tool is tilted, see arrow44 inFig. 2. If the position of the button14 during the machining process (for example during the welding process) in the Z or Y direction changed, the two motors26 and32 guide the tool via the additional axes in the Z or Y direction or perform a corresponding correction movement of the tool at high speed. The maximum adjustment range of the additional axes (Y and Z axes) is limited by the power transmission with a crank mechanism on the output shaft of the respective gear28 ,34 .

Beispielsweise konnten beim Laserstrahlschweißen mit ei­nem Nd:YAG-Laser, der einen Fokusdurchmesser von 0,6 mm auf­wies, Kehlnähte mit einer Blechdicke von 1 mm mit einer Ge­schwindigkeit von 2,5 m/min mit hoher Qualität gefügt werden. Der eingesetzte Roboter als Handhabungsgerät führte dabei eine lineare Verfahrbewegung aus, und der Bearbeitungskopf des Laserschweißgerätes wurde allein durch die Zusatzachsen (Z- und Y-Achse) entlang der gekrümmten Kehlnaht nachgeführt.For example, laser welding with einem Nd: YAG laser, which has a focus diameter of 0.6 mmpointed, fillet welds with a sheet thickness of 1 mm with a Gespeed of 2.5 m / min can be joined with high quality.The robot used as a handling device leda linear movement, and the machining headof the laser welding machine was achieved solely through the additional axes(Z and Y axes) along the curved fillet weld.

Claims (11)

Translated fromGerman
1. Verfahren zum Nachführen von Werkzeugen mittels Kanten­verfolgung an einem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück, bei dem das Werkzeug oder das Werkstück entlang einer von einer Handha­bungsvorrichtung ausgeführten Bearbeitungsbahn bewegt wird,gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte:
  • - zweiachsige Messung des Verlaufs der Kante an dem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück,
  • - Vergleich des gemessenen Verlaufs mit der vorgegebenen Position der Bearbeitungsbahn und
  • - Nachführen des Werkzeuges oder Werkstückes in Abhängig­keit vom Vergleichsergebnis.
1. A method for tracking tools by means of edge tracking on a workpiece to be machined, in which the tool or the workpiece is moved along a machining path executed by a handling device,characterized by the following method steps:
  • - biaxial measurement of the course of the edge on the workpiece to be machined,
  • - Comparison of the measured course with the predetermined position of the machining path and
  • - Tracking the tool or workpiece depending on the comparison result.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verlauf der Kante in zwei voneinander unabhängigen Achsen quer zur Bearbeitungsbahn (Vorschubrichtung der Handhabungsvorrichtung) gemessen wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe course of the edge in two mutually independentAxes transverse to the machining path (feed direction of theHandling device) is measured.3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch
  • - einen an der Kante (18) des Werkstückes (42) entlangge­ führten Meßtaster (12) zur Erfassung der Ist-Lage der Kante und
  • - eine Regeleinrichtung (10), die mit dem Meßtaster (12) verbunden ist und die Meßdaten des Meßtasters (12) mit der vorgegebenen Position der von der Handhabungsvor­richtung ausgeführten Bearbeitungsbahn vergleicht und auswertet und Regelsignale erzeugt, die
3. Device for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by
  • - One on the edge (18 ) of the workpiece (42 ) along measuring probe (12 ) for detecting the actual position of the edge and
  • - A control device (10 ) which is connected to the probe (12 ) and the measured data of the probe (12 ) with the predetermined position of the machining path executed by the device Machiningvor compares and evaluates and generates control signals that
einer Antriebseinrichtung (26,28,30;32,34,36) zu­geführt werden zum Nachführen des Werkzeuges (5) senk­recht (Z-Achse) zur Oberfläche des Werkstückes (42) und/oder quer (Y-Achse) zur Bearbeitungsrichtung des Werkzeuges in Abhängigkeit von der erfaßten Ist-Lage der Kante des Werkstückes (42).a drive device (26 ,28 ,30 ;32 ,34 ,36 ) to be guided to track the tool (5 ) perpendicular (Z axis) to the surface of the workpiece (42 ) and / or transversely (Y axis) to the machining direction of the tool as a function of the detected actual position of the edge of the workpiece (42 ).4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Meßtaster (12) einen mechanischen Taster (14) aufweist, welcher in einem bestimmten Abstand (A) zur Bearbeitungsstel­le des Werkzeuges (5), der Bearbeitungsstelle vorlaufend an­geordnet ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the probe (12 ) has a mechanical button (14 ) which is arranged at a certain distance (A) to the machining position le of the tool (5 ), the machining point.5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Taster (14) schleppend oder stechend angeordnet ist.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the button (14 ) is arranged dragging or stabbing.6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebseinrichtung einen ersten Motor (26) mit Getriebe (28) und Kurbeltrieb (30) zum Nachführen des Werkzeuges (5) senkrecht zur Oberfläche des zu bearbeitenden Werkstückes (42) aufweist.6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive device has a first motor (26 ) with gear (28 ) and crank mechanism (30 ) for tracking the tool (5 ) perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece (42 ) to be machined.7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Antriebseinrichtung einen zweiten Notor (32) mit Getriebe (34) und Kurbeltrieb (36) zum Nachführen des Werk­zeuges (5) quer zur Bearbeitungsrichtung des Werkzeuges auf­weist.7. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 6, characterized in that the drive device has a second notor (32 ) with gear (34 ) and crank mechanism (36 ) for tracking the tool (5 ) transversely to the machining direction of the tool.8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Antriebseinrichtung (26,28,30;32,34,36) das Werkzeug (5) durch Linear- oder Kippbewegung nachführt.8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the drive device (26 ,28 ,30 ;32 ,34 ,36 ) tracks the tool (5 ) by linear or tilting movement.9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß der maximale Verstell- bzw. Nachführbereich durch Kraftübertragung mit einem Kurbeltrieb an der Abgangs­welle des jeweiligen Getriebes (28,34) begrenzt ist.9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the maximum adjustment or tracking range is limited by power transmission with a crank mechanism on the output shaft of the respective transmission (28 ,34 ).10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung zum Nachführen von der Handhabungsvorrichtung des Werkzeuges getrennt angeordnet ist.10. Device according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterizedcharacterized in that the device for tracking theHandling device of the tool arranged separatelyis.
DE19615069A1996-04-171996-04-17Procedure for panning machine tool esp. laser beam cutter using edge tracking on workpieceCeasedDE19615069A1 (en)

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